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Liu W, Wu Y, Ma R, Zhu X, Wang R, He L, Shu M. Multi-omics analysis of a case of congenital microtia reveals aldob and oxidative stress associated with microtia etiology. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2024; 19:218. [PMID: 38802922 PMCID: PMC11129396 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-024-03149-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microtia is reported to be one of the most common congenital craniofacial malformations. Due to the complex etiology and the ethical barrier of embryonic study, the precise mechanisms of microtia remain unclear. Here we report a rare case of microtia with costal chondrodysplasia based on bioinformatics analysis and further verifications on other sporadic microtia patients. RESULTS One hundred fourteen deleterious insert and deletion (InDel) and 646 deleterious SNPs were screened out by WES, candidate genes were ranked in descending order according to their relative impact with microtia. Label-free proteomic analysis showed that proteins significantly different between the groups were related with oxidative stress and energy metabolism. By real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry, we further verified the candidate genes between other sporadic microtia and normal ear chondrocytes, which showed threonine aspartase, cadherin-13, aldolase B and adiponectin were significantly upregulated in mRNA levels but were significantly lower in protein levels. ROS detection and mitochondrial membrane potential (∆ Ψ m) detection proved that oxidative stress exists in microtia chondrocytes. CONCLUSIONS Our results not only spot new candidate genes by WES and label-free proteomics, but also speculate for the first time that metabolism and oxidative stress may disturb cartilage development and this might become therapeutic targets and potential biomarkers with clinical usefulness in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, No.277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Yi Wu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Rulan Ma
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University Medical College, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xinxi Zhu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, No.277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Rui Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, No.277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Lin He
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, No.277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Maoguo Shu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, No.277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China.
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Lammi MJ, Qu C. Regulation of Oxygen Tension as a Strategy to Control Chondrocytic Phenotype for Cartilage Tissue Engineering and Regeneration. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:211. [PMID: 38534484 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11030211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cartilage defects and osteoarthritis are health problems which are major burdens on health care systems globally, especially in aging populations. Cartilage is a vulnerable tissue, which generally faces a progressive degenerative process when injured. This makes it the 11th most common cause of global disability. Conservative methods are used to treat the initial phases of the illness, while orthopedic management is the method used for more progressed phases. These include, for instance, arthroscopic shaving, microfracturing and mosaicplasty, and joint replacement as the final treatment. Cell-based implantation methods have also been developed. Despite reports of successful treatments, they often suffer from the non-optimal nature of chondrocyte phenotype in the repair tissue. Thus, improved strategies to control the phenotype of the regenerating cells are needed. Avascular tissue cartilage relies on diffusion for nutrients acquisition and the removal of metabolic waste products. A low oxygen content is also present in cartilage, and the chondrocytes are, in fact, well adapted to it. Therefore, this raises an idea that the regulation of oxygen tension could be a strategy to control the chondrocyte phenotype expression, important in cartilage tissue for regenerative purposes. This narrative review discusses the aspects related to oxygen tension in the metabolism and regulation of articular and growth plate chondrocytes and progenitor cell phenotypes, and the role of some microenvironmental factors as regulators of chondrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikko J Lammi
- Department of Medical and Translational Biology, Umeå University, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Chengjuan Qu
- Department of Odontology, Umeå University, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden
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Kuchynsky K, Stevens P, Hite A, Xie W, Diop K, Tang S, Pietrzak M, Khan S, Walter B, Purmessur D. Transcriptional profiling of human cartilage endplate cells identifies novel genes and cell clusters underlying degenerated and non-degenerated phenotypes. Arthritis Res Ther 2024; 26:12. [PMID: 38173036 PMCID: PMC10763221 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-023-03220-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low back pain is a leading cause of disability worldwide and is frequently attributed to intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration. Though the contributions of the adjacent cartilage endplates (CEP) to IVD degeneration are well documented, the phenotype and functions of the resident CEP cells are critically understudied. To better characterize CEP cell phenotype and possible mechanisms of CEP degeneration, bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing of non-degenerated and degenerated CEP cells were performed. METHODS Human lumbar CEP cells from degenerated (Thompson grade ≥ 4) and non-degenerated (Thompson grade ≤ 2) discs were expanded for bulk (N=4 non-degenerated, N=4 degenerated) and single-cell (N=1 non-degenerated, N=1 degenerated) RNA sequencing. Genes identified from bulk RNA sequencing were categorized by function and their expression in non-degenerated and degenerated CEP cells were compared. A PubMed literature review was also performed to determine which genes were previously identified and studied in the CEP, IVD, and other cartilaginous tissues. For single-cell RNA sequencing, different cell clusters were resolved using unsupervised clustering and functional annotation. Differential gene expression analysis and Gene Ontology, respectively, were used to compare gene expression and functional enrichment between cell clusters, as well as between non-degenerated and degenerated CEP samples. RESULTS Bulk RNA sequencing revealed 38 genes were significantly upregulated and 15 genes were significantly downregulated in degenerated CEP cells relative to non-degenerated cells (|fold change| ≥ 1.5). Of these, only 2 genes were previously studied in CEP cells, and 31 were previously studied in the IVD and other cartilaginous tissues. Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed 11 unique cell clusters, including multiple chondrocyte and progenitor subpopulations with distinct gene expression and functional profiles. Analysis of genes in the bulk RNA sequencing dataset showed that progenitor cell clusters from both samples were enriched in "non-degenerated" genes but not "degenerated" genes. For both bulk- and single-cell analyses, gene expression and pathway enrichment analyses highlighted several pathways that may regulate CEP degeneration, including transcriptional regulation, translational regulation, intracellular transport, and mitochondrial dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS This thorough analysis using RNA sequencing methods highlighted numerous differences between non-degenerated and degenerated CEP cells, the phenotypic heterogeneity of CEP cells, and several pathways of interest that may be relevant in CEP degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Kuchynsky
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, 3016 Fontana Laboratories, 140 W. 19th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Patrick Stevens
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Amy Hite
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - William Xie
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Khady Diop
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, 3016 Fontana Laboratories, 140 W. 19th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Shirley Tang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, 3016 Fontana Laboratories, 140 W. 19th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Maciej Pietrzak
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Safdar Khan
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Benjamin Walter
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, 3016 Fontana Laboratories, 140 W. 19th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Devina Purmessur
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, 3016 Fontana Laboratories, 140 W. 19th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA.
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Cagle E, Lake B, Banerjee A, Cuffee J, Banerjee N, Gilmartin D, Liverman M, Brown S, Armstrong E, Bhattacharya S, Ghosh S, Mandal T, Banerjee H. Analysis of Differential Gene Expression and Core Canonical Pathways Involved in the Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition of Triple Negative Breast Cancer Cells by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR BIOSCIENCE 2023; 13:21-34. [PMID: 37538932 PMCID: PMC10398793 DOI: 10.4236/cmb.2023.132002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) is a malignant form of cancer with very high mortality and morbidity. Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) is the most common pathophysiological change observed in cancer cells of epithelial origin that promotes metastasis, drug resistance and cancer stem cell formation. Since the information regarding differential gene expression in TNBC cells and cell signaling events leading to EMT is limited, this investigation was done by comparing transcriptomic data generated by RNA isolation and sequencing of a EMT model TNBC cell line in comparison to regular TNBC cells. RNA sequencing and Ingenuity Pathway Software Analysis (IPA) of the transcriptomic data revealed several upregulated and downregulated gene expressions along with novel core canonical pathways including Sirtuin signaling, Oxidative Phosphorylation and Mitochondrial dysfunction events involved in EMT changes of the TNBC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Cagle
- Department of Natural, Health and Human Sciences, Elizabeth City State University Campus of The University of North Carolina, Elizabeth, NC, USA
| | - Brent Lake
- Department of Natural, Health and Human Sciences, Elizabeth City State University Campus of The University of North Carolina, Elizabeth, NC, USA
| | - Anasua Banerjee
- Department of Natural, Health and Human Sciences, Elizabeth City State University Campus of The University of North Carolina, Elizabeth, NC, USA
| | - Jazmine Cuffee
- Department of Natural, Health and Human Sciences, Elizabeth City State University Campus of The University of North Carolina, Elizabeth, NC, USA
| | - Narendra Banerjee
- Department of Natural, Health and Human Sciences, Elizabeth City State University Campus of The University of North Carolina, Elizabeth, NC, USA
| | - Darla Gilmartin
- Department of Natural, Health and Human Sciences, Elizabeth City State University Campus of The University of North Carolina, Elizabeth, NC, USA
| | - Makaiyah Liverman
- Department of Natural, Health and Human Sciences, Elizabeth City State University Campus of The University of North Carolina, Elizabeth, NC, USA
| | - Shennel Brown
- Department of Natural, Health and Human Sciences, Elizabeth City State University Campus of The University of North Carolina, Elizabeth, NC, USA
| | - Erik Armstrong
- Department of Natural, Health and Human Sciences, Elizabeth City State University Campus of The University of North Carolina, Elizabeth, NC, USA
| | - Santanu Bhattacharya
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo College of Medicine and Science, Jacksonville, FL, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo College of Medicine and Science, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Somiranjan Ghosh
- Departments of Pediatrics and Child Health, College of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Tanmoy Mandal
- Departments of Pediatrics and Child Health, College of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Hirendra Banerjee
- Department of Natural, Health and Human Sciences, Elizabeth City State University Campus of The University of North Carolina, Elizabeth, NC, USA
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Jungbluth H, Kaiser MLB, Lalaouni D, Winter J, Jepsen S. Immunohistochemical analysis of S100-proteins in normal and irreversibly inflamed human dental pulps. J Endod 2023; 49:504-513. [PMID: 36871746 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2023.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
AIM S100 proteins convey important roles in innate immune responses to infection and regenerative processes. Their role in inflammatory or regenerative processes of the human dental pulp, however, is poorly elucidated. Aim of the present study was to detect, localize and compare the occurrence of eight S100 proteins in normal, symptomatic, and asymptomatic irreversibly inflamed dental pulp specimens. METHODOLOGY Human dental pulp specimens from forty-five individuals were clinically assigned to three groups of pulpal diagnosis, "normal pulp" (NP; n=17), "asymptomatic irreversible pulpitis" (AIP; n=13), and "symptomatic irreversible pulpitis" (SIP; n=15). The specimens were prepared and immunohistochemically stained for proteins S100A1, -A2, -A3, -A4, -A6, -A7, -A8, and -A9. Staining was classified using semi quantitative analysis and a four-degree staining score ("no", "decent", "medium" and "intense" staining) at four different anatomical or functional regions [odontoblast layer (OL), pulpal stroma (PS), border area of calcifications (BAC), and vessel walls (VW)]. Distribution of staining degrees between the three diagnostic groups was calculated using fisher´s exact text (p≤0.5) at the four regions. RESULTS Significant differences in staining were observed mainly in the OL, PS, and at BAC. The most significant differences were detected in PS and when comparing NP with one of the two irreversibly inflamed pulpal tissues (AIP or SIP). The inflamed tissues were then invariably stained more intensely than their normal counterparts at this location (S100A1, -A2, -A3, -A4, -A8, and -A9). In the OL, NP tissue was significantly stronger stained for S100A1, -A6, -A8, and -A9 compared with SIP, and for S100A9 when compared with AIP. Differences between AIP and SIP in direct comparison were rare and found only for one protein (S100A2) at the BAC. Also at the VW, only one statistical difference in staining was observed (SIP was stronger stained than NP for protein S100A3). CONCLUSIONS Occurrence of proteins S100A1, -A2, -A3, -A4, -A6, -A8, and -A9 is significantly altered in irreversibly inflamed compared with normal dental pulp tissue at different anatomical localizations. Some members of S100 proteins obviously participate in focal calcification processes and pulp stone formation of the dental pulp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Jungbluth
- Department of Periodontology, Operative and Preventive Dentistry, University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Meta Lena Britta Kaiser
- Department of Periodontology, Operative and Preventive Dentistry, University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Diana Lalaouni
- Department of Periodontology, Operative and Preventive Dentistry, University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jochen Winter
- Department of Periodontology, Operative and Preventive Dentistry, University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Søren Jepsen
- Department of Periodontology, Operative and Preventive Dentistry, University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Chuang TD, Gao J, Quintanilla D, McSwiggin H, Boos D, Yan W, Khorram O. Differential Expression of MED12-Associated Coding RNA Transcripts in Uterine Leiomyomas. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043742. [PMID: 36835153 PMCID: PMC9960582 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that somatic MED12 mutations in exon 2 occur at a frequency of up to 80% and have a functional role in leiomyoma pathogenesis. The objective of this study was to elucidate the expression profile of coding RNA transcripts in leiomyomas, with and without these mutations, and their paired myometrium. Next-generation RNA sequencing (NGS) was used to systematically profile the differentially expressed RNA transcripts from paired leiomyomas (n = 19). The differential analysis indicated there are 394 genes differentially and aberrantly expressed only in the mutated tumors. These genes were predominantly involved in the regulation of extracellular constituents. Of the differentially expressed genes that overlapped in the two comparison groups, the magnitude of change in gene expression was greater for many genes in tumors bearing MED12 mutations. Although the myometrium did not express MED12 mutations, there were marked differences in the transcriptome landscape of the myometrium from mutated and non-mutated specimens, with genes regulating the response to oxygen-containing compounds being most altered. In conclusion, MED12 mutations have profound effects on the expression of genes pivotal to leiomyoma pathogenesis in the tumor and the myometrium which could alter tumor characteristics and growth potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsai-Der Chuang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
- The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Jianjun Gao
- The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Derek Quintanilla
- The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Hayden McSwiggin
- The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Drake Boos
- The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Wei Yan
- The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90502, USA
| | - Omid Khorram
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
- The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90502, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(310)-222-3867
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7
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Rocha GS, Freire MAM, Paiva KM, Oliveira RF, Norrara B, Morais PLAG, Oliveira LC, Engelberth RCGJ, Cavalcante JS, Cavalcanti JRLP. Effect of senescence on the tyrosine hydroxylase and S100B immunoreactivity in the nigrostriatal pathway of the rat. J Chem Neuroanat 2022; 124:102136. [PMID: 35809809 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2022.102136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Senescence is a natural and progressive physiological event that leads to a series of morphophysiological alterations in the organism. The brain is the most vulnerable organ to both structural and functional changes during this process. Dopamine is a key neurotransmitter for the proper functioning of the brain, directly involved in circuitries related with emotions, learning, motivation and reward. One of the main dopamine- producing nuclei is the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc), which establish connections with the striatum forming the so-called nigrostriatal pathway. S100B is a calcium binding protein mainly expressed by astrocytes, involved in both intracellular and extracellular processes, and whose expression is increased following injury in the nervous tissue, being a useful marker in altered status of central nervous system. The present study aimed to analyze the impact of senescence on the cells immunoreactive for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and S100B along the nigrostriatal pathway of the rat. Our results show an decreased expression of S100B+ cells in SNpc. In addition, there was a significant decrease in TH immunoreactivity in both projection fibers and TH+ cell bodies. In the striatum, a decrease in TH immunoreactivity was also observed, as well as an enlargement of the white matter bundles. Our findings point out that senescence is related to the anatomical and neurochemical changes observed throughout the nigrostriatal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel S Rocha
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the State of Rio Grande do Norte (UERN), Mossoró, RN, Brazil
| | - Marco Aurelio M Freire
- Graduate Program in Health and Society, University of the State of Rio Grande do Norte (UERN), Mossoró, RN, Brazil
| | - Karina M Paiva
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the State of Rio Grande do Norte (UERN), Mossoró, RN, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo F Oliveira
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the State of Rio Grande do Norte (UERN), Mossoró, RN, Brazil
| | - Bianca Norrara
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, University of the State of Rio Grande do Norte (UERN), Mossoró, RN, Brazil
| | - Paulo Leonardo A G Morais
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, University of the State of Rio Grande do Norte (UERN), Mossoró, RN, Brazil
| | - Lucidio C Oliveira
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, University of the State of Rio Grande do Norte (UERN), Mossoró, RN, Brazil
| | | | | | - José Rodolfo L P Cavalcanti
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the State of Rio Grande do Norte (UERN), Mossoró, RN, Brazil; Graduate Program in Health and Society, University of the State of Rio Grande do Norte (UERN), Mossoró, RN, Brazil; Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, University of the State of Rio Grande do Norte (UERN), Mossoró, RN, Brazil.
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8
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Single-Cell Atlas of Adult Testis in Protogynous Hermaphroditic Orange-Spotted Grouper, Epinephelus coioides. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212607. [PMID: 34830486 PMCID: PMC8618070 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Spermatogenesis is a process of self-renewal and differentiation in spermatogonial stem cells. During this process, germ cells and somatic cells interact intricately to ensure long-term fertility and accurate genome propagation. Spermatogenesis has been intensely investigated in mammals but remains poorly understood with regard to teleosts. Here, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing of ~9500 testicular cells from the male, orange-spotted grouper. In the adult testis, we divided the cells into nine clusters and defined ten cell types, as compared with human testis data, including cell populations with characteristics of male germ cells and somatic cells, each of which expressed specific marker genes. We also identified and profiled the expression patterns of four marker genes (calr, eef1a, s100a1, vasa) in both the ovary and adult testis. Our data provide a blueprint of male germ cells and supporting somatic cells. Moreover, the cell markers are candidates that could be used for further cell identification.
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9
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Panebianco CJ, Dave A, Charytonowicz D, Sebra R, Iatridis JC. Single-cell RNA-sequencing atlas of bovine caudal intervertebral discs: Discovery of heterogeneous cell populations with distinct roles in homeostasis. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21919. [PMID: 34591994 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101149r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Back and neck pain are significant healthcare burdens that are commonly associated with pathologies of the intervertebral disc (IVD). The poor understanding of the cellular heterogeneity within the IVD makes it difficult to develop regenerative IVD therapies. To address this gap, we developed an atlas of bovine (Bos taurus) caudal IVDs using single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq). Unsupervised clustering resolved 15 unique clusters, which we grouped into the following annotated partitions: nucleus pulposus (NP), outer annulus fibrosus (oAF), inner AF (iAF), notochord, muscle, endothelial, and immune cells. Analyzing the pooled gene expression profiles of the NP, oAF, and iAF partitions allowed us to identify novel markers for NP (CP, S100B, H2AC18, SNORC, CRELD2, PDIA4, DNAJC3, CHCHD7, and RCN2), oAF (IGFBP6, CTSK, LGALS1, and CCN3), and iAF (MGP, COMP, SPP1, GSN, SOD2, DCN, FN1, TIMP3, WDR73, and GAL) cells. Network analysis on subpopulations of NP and oAF cells determined that clusters NP1, NP2, NP4, and oAF1 displayed gene expression profiles consistent with cell survival, suggesting these clusters may uniquely support viability under the physiological stresses of the IVD. Clusters NP3, NP5, oAF2, and oAF3 expressed various extracellular matrix (ECM)-associated genes, suggesting their role in maintaining IVD structure. Lastly, transcriptional entropy and pseudotime analyses found that clusters NP3 and NP1 had the most stem-like gene expression signatures of the NP partition, implying these clusters may contain IVD progenitor cells. Overall, results highlight cell type diversity within the IVD, and these novel cell phenotypes may enhance our understanding of IVD development, homeostasis, degeneration, and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Panebianco
- Leni and Peter W. May Department of Orthopaedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Arpit Dave
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Daniel Charytonowicz
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Robert Sebra
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomics Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,Sema4, a Mount Sinai venture, Stamford, Connecticut, USA
| | - James C Iatridis
- Leni and Peter W. May Department of Orthopaedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
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10
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Wu W, Liang D. Expression and related mechanisms of miR-330-3p and S100B in an animal model of cartilage injury. J Int Med Res 2021; 49:3000605211039471. [PMID: 34590918 PMCID: PMC8489778 DOI: 10.1177/03000605211039471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the roles of and relationship between microRNA (miR)-330-3p and S100 calcium-binding protein B (S100B) in an animal model of cartilage injury. Methods This study included 30 New Zealand male rabbits randomly divided into three groups: an intervention group, a model group and a sham surgery control group. Modelling was performed in the intervention and model groups, but in the sham surgery group, only the skin was cut. After modelling, the intervention and model groups were injected with the miR-330-3p overexpression vector GV268-miR-330-3p or the control GV268-N-ODN vector, respectively, twice a week for 7 weeks. Results Levels of interleukin-1β and tumour necrosis factor-α in the synovial fluid were significantly higher in the model group than in the intervention and control groups. The level of miR-330-3p in the cartilage tissue was significantly higher in the control group than in the model group but it was significantly lower compared with the intervention group. Levels of S100B, fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 and fibroblast growth factor-2 in the cartilage tissue of rabbits in the model group were significantly higher compared with the control and intervention groups. Conclusion These findings demonstrate that the upregulation of miR-330-3p can inhibit the expression of S100B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenming Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Dongming Liang
- Lirimax (Tianjin) Medical Technical Co., Ltd, Tianjin, China
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Wang G, Li HN, Cui XQ, Xu T, Dong ML, Li SY, Li XR. S100A1 is a Potential Biomarker for Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Diagnosis and Prognosis. J Cancer 2021; 12:5760-5771. [PMID: 34475990 PMCID: PMC8408122 DOI: 10.7150/jca.51855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
S100 calcium binding protein A1 (S100A1) is an important member of the S100 family and known to express in a variety of cancers. However, the biological functions of S100A1 in thyroid carcinoma have not been thoroughly studied. In this report, bioinformatics analyses and immunohistochemistry assays were applied to assess the expression profile of S100A1 as well as its relationship with the pathological features and prognosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Meanwhile, functions of S100A1 in PTC cells were analyzed with either in vitro or in vivo experiments. S100A1 was significantly up-regulated in PTC tissues compared with adjacent non-cancerous tissues. S100A1 protein expression was significantly associated with tumor size (p=0.0032) or lymph node metastasis (p=0.0331). More importantly, an elevated S100A1 expression was significantly correlated with a worse recurrence-free survival (RFS) (HR=2.26, p=0.042). Further, knockdown of S100A1 dramatically inhibited cell proliferation and migration as well as increased apoptosis of PTC cells. S100A1 knockdown inhibited tumor progression as seen in in vivo experiments. In terms of mechanism, down-regulation of S100A1 induced yes associated protein (YAP) phosphorylation in the cytoplasm and diminished Hippo/YAP pathway activation. Therefore, S100A1 may serve as a novel oncogene and a promising biomarker for PTC diagnosis and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Wang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Han-Ning Li
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Qing Cui
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Xu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, People's Republic of China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cancer Biology Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng-Lu Dong
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-Yu Li
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing-Rui Li
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, People's Republic of China
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Zhang X, Weng M, Chen Z. Fibroblast Growth Factor 9 (FGF9) negatively regulates the early stage of chondrogenic differentiation. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0241281. [PMID: 33529250 PMCID: PMC7853451 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor signaling is essential for mammalian bone morphogenesis and growth, involving membranous ossification and endochondral ossification. FGF9 has been shown to be an important regulator of endochondral ossification; however, its role in the early differentiation of chondrocytes remains unknown. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to determine the role of FGF9 in the early differentiation of chondrogenesis. We found an increase in FGF9 expression during proliferating chondrocyte hypertrophy in the mouse growth plate. Silencing of FGF9 promotes the growth of ATDC5 cells and promotes insulin-induced differentiation of ATDC5 chondrocytes, which is due to increased cartilage matrix formation and type II collagen (col2a1) and X (col10a1), Acan, Ihh, Mmp13 gene expression. Then, we evaluated the effects of AKT, GSK-3β, and mTOR. Inhibition of FGF9 significantly inhibits phosphorylation of AKT and GSK-3β, but does not affected the activation of mTOR. Furthermore, phosphorylation of inhibited AKT and GSK-3β was compensated using the AKT activator SC79, and differentiation of ATDC5 cells was inhibited. In conclusion, our results indicate that FGF9 acts as an important regulator of early chondrogenesis partly through the AKT/GSK-3β pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyue Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengjia Weng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenqi Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail:
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13
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An JQ, Cheng YW, Guo YC, Wei M, Gong MJ, Tang YL, Yuan XY, Song WF, Mu CY, Zhang AF, Saguner AM, Li GL, Luo GG. Safety and efficacy of remote ischemic postconditioning after thrombolysis in patients with stroke. Neurology 2020; 95:e3355-e3363. [PMID: 33028663 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000010884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of remote ischemic postconditioning (RIPC) on patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) undergoing IV thrombolysis (IVT). METHODS A single-center randomized controlled trial was performed with patients with AIS receiving IVT. Patients in the RIPC group were administered RIPC treatment (after IVT) during hospitalization. The primary endpoint was a score of 0 or 1 on the modified Rankin scale (mRS) at day 90. The safety, tolerability, and neuroprotection biomarkers associated with RIPC were also evaluated. RESULTS We collected data from both the RIPC group (n = 34) and the control group (n = 34). The average duration of hospitalization was 11.2 days. There was no significant difference between 2 groups at admission for the NIH Stroke Scale score (p = 0.364) or occur-to-treatment time (p = 0.889). Favorable recovery (mRS score 0-1) at 3 months was obtained in 71.9% of patients in the RIPC group vs 50.0% in the control group (adjusted odds ratio 9.85, 95% confidence interval 1.54-63.16; p = 0.016). We further found significantly lower plasma S100-β (p = 0.007) and higher vascular endothelial growth factor (p = 0.003) levels in the RIPC group than in the control group. CONCLUSIONS Repeated RIPC combined with IVT can significantly facilitate recovery of nerve function and improve clinical prognosis of patients with AIS. CLINICALTRIALSGOV IDENTIFIER NCT03218293. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE This study provides Class IV evidence that RIPC after tissue plasminogen activator treatment of AIS significantly increases the proportion of patients with an MRS score of 0 or 1 at 90 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Qi An
- From the Stroke Centre and Department of Neurology (J.-q.A., Y.-w.C., Y.-c.G., M.W., M.-j.G., Y.-l.T., X.-y.Y., W.-f. S., C.-y.M., G.-g.L.) and Atrial Fibrillation Centre and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (J.-q.A., G.-l L.), First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, China; Renal Division (A.-f.Z.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and Department of Cardiology (A.M.S.), University Heart Center Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Ya-Wen Cheng
- From the Stroke Centre and Department of Neurology (J.-q.A., Y.-w.C., Y.-c.G., M.W., M.-j.G., Y.-l.T., X.-y.Y., W.-f. S., C.-y.M., G.-g.L.) and Atrial Fibrillation Centre and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (J.-q.A., G.-l L.), First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, China; Renal Division (A.-f.Z.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and Department of Cardiology (A.M.S.), University Heart Center Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yi-Chen Guo
- From the Stroke Centre and Department of Neurology (J.-q.A., Y.-w.C., Y.-c.G., M.W., M.-j.G., Y.-l.T., X.-y.Y., W.-f. S., C.-y.M., G.-g.L.) and Atrial Fibrillation Centre and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (J.-q.A., G.-l L.), First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, China; Renal Division (A.-f.Z.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and Department of Cardiology (A.M.S.), University Heart Center Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Meng Wei
- From the Stroke Centre and Department of Neurology (J.-q.A., Y.-w.C., Y.-c.G., M.W., M.-j.G., Y.-l.T., X.-y.Y., W.-f. S., C.-y.M., G.-g.L.) and Atrial Fibrillation Centre and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (J.-q.A., G.-l L.), First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, China; Renal Division (A.-f.Z.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and Department of Cardiology (A.M.S.), University Heart Center Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Min-Jie Gong
- From the Stroke Centre and Department of Neurology (J.-q.A., Y.-w.C., Y.-c.G., M.W., M.-j.G., Y.-l.T., X.-y.Y., W.-f. S., C.-y.M., G.-g.L.) and Atrial Fibrillation Centre and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (J.-q.A., G.-l L.), First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, China; Renal Division (A.-f.Z.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and Department of Cardiology (A.M.S.), University Heart Center Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yong-Lan Tang
- From the Stroke Centre and Department of Neurology (J.-q.A., Y.-w.C., Y.-c.G., M.W., M.-j.G., Y.-l.T., X.-y.Y., W.-f. S., C.-y.M., G.-g.L.) and Atrial Fibrillation Centre and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (J.-q.A., G.-l L.), First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, China; Renal Division (A.-f.Z.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and Department of Cardiology (A.M.S.), University Heart Center Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Xing-Yun Yuan
- From the Stroke Centre and Department of Neurology (J.-q.A., Y.-w.C., Y.-c.G., M.W., M.-j.G., Y.-l.T., X.-y.Y., W.-f. S., C.-y.M., G.-g.L.) and Atrial Fibrillation Centre and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (J.-q.A., G.-l L.), First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, China; Renal Division (A.-f.Z.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and Department of Cardiology (A.M.S.), University Heart Center Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Wen-Feng Song
- From the Stroke Centre and Department of Neurology (J.-q.A., Y.-w.C., Y.-c.G., M.W., M.-j.G., Y.-l.T., X.-y.Y., W.-f. S., C.-y.M., G.-g.L.) and Atrial Fibrillation Centre and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (J.-q.A., G.-l L.), First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, China; Renal Division (A.-f.Z.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and Department of Cardiology (A.M.S.), University Heart Center Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Chun-Ying Mu
- From the Stroke Centre and Department of Neurology (J.-q.A., Y.-w.C., Y.-c.G., M.W., M.-j.G., Y.-l.T., X.-y.Y., W.-f. S., C.-y.M., G.-g.L.) and Atrial Fibrillation Centre and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (J.-q.A., G.-l L.), First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, China; Renal Division (A.-f.Z.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and Department of Cardiology (A.M.S.), University Heart Center Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ai-Feng Zhang
- From the Stroke Centre and Department of Neurology (J.-q.A., Y.-w.C., Y.-c.G., M.W., M.-j.G., Y.-l.T., X.-y.Y., W.-f. S., C.-y.M., G.-g.L.) and Atrial Fibrillation Centre and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (J.-q.A., G.-l L.), First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, China; Renal Division (A.-f.Z.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and Department of Cardiology (A.M.S.), University Heart Center Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ardan M Saguner
- From the Stroke Centre and Department of Neurology (J.-q.A., Y.-w.C., Y.-c.G., M.W., M.-j.G., Y.-l.T., X.-y.Y., W.-f. S., C.-y.M., G.-g.L.) and Atrial Fibrillation Centre and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (J.-q.A., G.-l L.), First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, China; Renal Division (A.-f.Z.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and Department of Cardiology (A.M.S.), University Heart Center Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Guo-Liang Li
- From the Stroke Centre and Department of Neurology (J.-q.A., Y.-w.C., Y.-c.G., M.W., M.-j.G., Y.-l.T., X.-y.Y., W.-f. S., C.-y.M., G.-g.L.) and Atrial Fibrillation Centre and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (J.-q.A., G.-l L.), First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, China; Renal Division (A.-f.Z.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and Department of Cardiology (A.M.S.), University Heart Center Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Guo-Gang Luo
- From the Stroke Centre and Department of Neurology (J.-q.A., Y.-w.C., Y.-c.G., M.W., M.-j.G., Y.-l.T., X.-y.Y., W.-f. S., C.-y.M., G.-g.L.) and Atrial Fibrillation Centre and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (J.-q.A., G.-l L.), First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, China; Renal Division (A.-f.Z.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and Department of Cardiology (A.M.S.), University Heart Center Zurich, Switzerland.
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Abstract
Ca2+ binding proteins (CBP) are of key importance for calcium to play its role as a pivotal second messenger. CBP bind Ca2+ in specific domains, contributing to the regulation of its concentration at the cytosol and intracellular stores. They also participate in numerous cellular functions by acting as Ca2+ transporters across cell membranes or as Ca2+-modulated sensors, i.e. decoding Ca2+ signals. Since CBP are integral to normal physiological processes, possible roles for them in a variety of diseases has attracted growing interest in recent years. In addition, research on CBP has been reinforced with advances in the structural characterization of new CBP family members. In this chapter we have updated a previous review on CBP, covering in more depth potential participation in physiopathological processes and candidacy for pharmacological targets in many diseases. We review intracellular CBP that contain the structural EF-hand domain: parvalbumin, calmodulin, S100 proteins, calcineurin and neuronal Ca2+ sensor proteins (NCS). We also address intracellular CBP lacking the EF-hand domain: annexins, CBP within intracellular Ca2+ stores (paying special attention to calreticulin and calsequestrin), proteins that contain a C2 domain (such as protein kinase C (PKC) or synaptotagmin) and other proteins of interest, such as regucalcin or proprotein convertase subtisilin kexins (PCSK). Finally, we summarise the latest findings on extracellular CBP, classified according to their Ca2+ binding structures: (i) EF-hand domains; (ii) EGF-like domains; (iii) ɣ-carboxyl glutamic acid (GLA)-rich domains; (iv) cadherin domains; (v) Ca2+-dependent (C)-type lectin-like domains; (vi) Ca2+-binding pockets of family C G-protein-coupled receptors.
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15
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Huang L, Zhang L, Liu Z, Zhao S, Xu D, Li L, Peng Q, Ai Y. Pentamidine protects mice from cecal ligation and puncture-induced brain damage via inhibiting S100B/RAGE/NF-κB. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 517:221-226. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.07.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Kavand H, van Lintel H, Renaud P. Efficacy of pulsed electromagnetic fields and electromagnetic fields tuned to the ion cyclotron resonance frequency of Ca 2+ on chondrogenic differentiation. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2019; 13:799-811. [PMID: 30793837 DOI: 10.1002/term.2829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies provide strong evidence for the therapeutic effect of electromagnetic fields (EMFs) on different tissues including cartilage. Diverse exposure parameters applied in scientific reports and the unknown interacting mechanism of EMF with biological systems make EMF studies challenging. In 1985, Liboff proposed that when magnetic fields are tuned to the cyclotron resonance frequencies of critical ions, the motion of ions through cell membranes is enhanced, and thus biological effects appear. Such exposure system consists of a weak alternating magnetic field (B1 ) in the presence of a static magnetic field (B0 ) and depends on the relationship between the magnitudes of B0 and B1 and the angular frequency Ω. The purpose of the present study is to determine the chondrogenic potential of EMF with regards to pulsed EMF (PEMF) and the ion cyclotron resonance (ICR) theory. We used different stimulating systems to generate EMFs in which cells are either stimulated with ubiquitous PEMF parameters, frequently reported, or parameters tuned to satisfy the ICR for Ca2+ (including negative and positive control groups). Chondrogenesis was analysed after 3 weeks of treatment. Cell stimulation under the ICR condition showed positive results in the context of glycosaminoglycans and type II collagen synthesis. In contrast, the other electromagnetically stimulated groups showed no changes compared with the control groups. Furthermore, gene expression assays revealed an increase in the expression of chondrogenic markers (COL2A1, SOX9, and ACAN) in the ICR group. These results suggest that the Ca2+ ICR condition can be an effective factor in inducing chondrogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanie Kavand
- Microsystems Laboratory, Institute of Microengineering, School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Harald van Lintel
- Microsystems Laboratory, Institute of Microengineering, School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Renaud
- Microsystems Laboratory, Institute of Microengineering, School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Association of S100B polymorphisms and serum S100B with risk of ischemic stroke in a Chinese population. Sci Rep 2018; 8:971. [PMID: 29343763 PMCID: PMC5772371 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19156-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The levels of serum S100B were elevated in patients with ischemic stroke (IS), which may be a novel biomarker for diagnosing IS. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of S100B polymorphisms and serum S100B with IS risk. We genotyped the S100B polymorphisms rs9722, rs9984765, rs2839356, rs1051169 and rs2186358 in 396 IS patients and 398 controls using polymerase chain reaction-single base extension (SBE-PCR). Serum S100B levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Rs9722 was associated with an increased risk of IS (AA vs. GG: adjusted OR = 2.172, 95% CI, 1.175–4.014, P = 0.013; dominant: adjusted OR = 1.507, 95% CI, 1.071–2.123, P = 0.019; recessive: adjusted OR = 1.846, 95% CI, 1.025–3.323, P = 0.041; additive: adjusted OR=1.371, 95% CI, 1.109-1.694, P = 0.003). The A-C-C-C-A haplotype was associated with an increased risk of IS (OR = 1.325, 95% CI, 1.035–1.696, P = 0.025). In addition, individuals carrying the rs9722 GA/AA genotypes had a higher serum S100B compared with the rs9722 GG genotype in IS patients (P = 0.018). Our results suggest that the S100B gene rs9722 polymorphism may contribute to the susceptibility of IS, probably by promoting the expression of serum S100B.
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New insight on the S100A1–STIP1 complex highlights the important relationship between allostery and entropy in protein function. Biochem J 2017; 474:2977-2980. [DOI: 10.1042/bcj20170275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Calcium signaling serves as a nexus of many vital cellular processes. Of particular importance is the role the calcium signaling plays in the prevention of protein misfolding, and the S100 family of calcium-binding proteins is a key player in this pathway. While the S100 proteins carry out a range of roles, the interaction of S100A1 and the stress-inducible phosphoprotein 1 (STIP1) has been shown to be particularly important. A recent study by Maciejewski et al. in Biochemical Journal (Biochemical Journal (2017) 474, 1853–1866) revealed new insights into the nature of the S100A1–STIP1 interaction. Not only did the present paper indicate the stoichiometry of binding for this interaction (three S100A1 dimers : one STIP1), it also demonstrated that the binding interaction is highly co-operative and that each S100A1–STIP1-binding interaction is entropically driven. The findings presented raise important new questions regarding the relationship between entropy and allostery in protein function. Recently, the dynamical underpinnings of allostery in protein function have become a topic of increased interest. A broad range of investigations have demonstrated that allostery can be mediated by entropic processes such as changes in the flexibility of the protein backbone and in the range of motions explored by side chains. The S100A1–STIP1 complex as described by Maciejewski et al. suggests a new system in which an allosteric-binding interaction driven by entropic processes may be systematically dissected in the future.
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Piltti J, Bygdell J, Fernández-Echevarría C, Marcellino D, Lammi MJ. Rho-kinase inhibitor Y-27632 and hypoxia synergistically enhance chondrocytic phenotype and modify S100 protein profiles in human chondrosarcoma cells. Sci Rep 2017. [PMID: 28623370 PMCID: PMC5473921 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03958-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Articular chondrocytes are slowly dividing cells that tend to lose their cell type-specific phenotype and ability to produce structurally and functionally correct cartilage tissue when cultured. Thus, culture conditions, which enhance the maintenance of chondrocyte phenotype would be very useful for cartilage research. Here we show that Rho-kinase inhibition by Y-27632 under hypoxic conditions efficiently maintains and even enhances chondrocyte-specific extracellular matrix production by chondrocytic cells. The effects of long-term Y-27632 exposure to human chondrosarcoma 2/8 cell phenotype maintenance and extracellular matrix production were studied at normoxia and at a 5% low oxygen atmosphere. Y-27632 treatment at normoxia induced ACAN and COL2A1 gene up-regulation and a minor increase of sulfated glycosaminoglycans (sGAGs), while type II collagen expression was not significantly up-regulated. A further increase in expression of ACAN and COL2A1 was achieved with Y-27632 treatment and hypoxia. The production of sGAGs increased by 65.8%, and ELISA analysis revealed a 6-fold up-regulation of type II collagen. Y-27632 also induced the up-regulation of S100-A1 and S100-B proteins and modified the expression of several other S100 protein family members, such as S100-A4, S100-A6, S100-A13 and S100-A16. The up-regulation of S100-A1 and S100-B proteins is suggested to enhance the chondrocytic phenotype of these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juha Piltti
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Linnaeus väg 9, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Joakim Bygdell
- Computational Life Science Cluster (CLiC), Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Linnaeus väg 10, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Daniel Marcellino
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Linnaeus väg 9, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Mikko J Lammi
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Linnaeus väg 9, 90187, Umeå, Sweden. .,School of Public Health, Health Science Center of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Xi'an, China.
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