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Morais PLAG, Rubio-Garrido P, de Lima RM, Córdoba-Claros A, de Nascimento ES, Cavalcante JS, Clascá F. The Arousal-Related "Central Thalamus" Stimulation Site Simultaneously Innervates Multiple High-Level Frontal and Parietal Areas. J Neurosci 2023; 43:7812-7821. [PMID: 37758474 PMCID: PMC10648518 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1216-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In human and nonhuman primates, deep brain stimulation applied at or near the internal medullary lamina of the thalamus [a region referred to as "central thalamus," (CT)], but not at nearby thalamic sites, elicits major changes in the level of consciousness, even in some minimally conscious brain-damaged patients. The mechanisms behind these effects remain mysterious, as the connections of CT had not been specifically mapped in primates. In marmoset monkeys (Callithrix jacchus) of both sexes, we labeled the axons originating from each of the various CT neuronal populations and analyzed their arborization patterns in the cerebral cortex and striatum. We report that, together, these CT populations innervate an array of high-level frontal, posterior parietal, and cingulate cortical areas. Some populations simultaneously target the frontal, parietal, and cingulate cortices, while others predominantly target the dorsal striatum. Our data indicate that CT stimulation can simultaneously engage a heterogeneous set of projection systems that, together, target the key nodes of the attention, executive control, and working-memory networks of the brain. Increased functional connectivity in these networks has been previously described as a signature of consciousness.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT In human and nonhuman primates, deep brain stimulation at a specific site near the internal medullary lamina of the thalamus ["central thalamus," (CT)] had been shown to restore arousal and awareness in anesthetized animals, as well as in some brain-damaged patients. The mechanisms behind these effects remain mysterious, as CT connections remain poorly defined in primates. In marmoset monkeys, we mapped with sensitive axon-labeling methods the pathways originated from CT. Our data indicate that stimulation applied in CT can simultaneously engage a heterogeneous set of projection systems that, together, target several key nodes of the attention, executive control, and working-memory networks of the brain. Increased functional connectivity in these networks has been previously described as a signature of consciousness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo L A G Morais
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, RN CEP 59078-900, Natal, Brazil
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Silva EHA, Santana NNM, Seixas NRM, Bezerra LLF, Silva MMO, Santos SF, Cavalcante JS, Leocadio-Miguel MA, Engelberth RC. Blue light exposure-dependent improvement in robustness of circadian rest-activity rhythm in aged rats. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0292342. [PMID: 37792859 PMCID: PMC10550138 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The aging effects on circadian rhythms have diverse implications including changes in the pattern of rhythmic expressions, such as a wide fragmentation of the rhythm of rest-activity and decrease in amplitude of activity regulated by the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). The study of blue light on biological aspects has received great current interest due, among some aspects, to its positive effects on psychiatric disorders in humans. This study aims to evaluate the effect of blue light therapy on the SCN functional aspects, through the evaluation of the rest-activity rhythm, in aging rats. For this, 33 sixteen-months-old male Wistar rats underwent continuous records of locomotor activity and were exposed to periods of 6 hours of blue light during the first half of the light phase (Zeitgeber times 0-6) for 14 days. After this, the rats were maintained at 12h:12h light:dark cycle to check the long-term effect of blue light for 14 days. Blue light repeated exposure showed positive effects on the rhythmic variables of locomotor activity in aged rats, particularly the increase in amplitude, elevation of rhythmic robustness, phase advance in acrophase, and greater consolidation of the resting phase. This effect depends on the presence of daily blue light exposure. In conclusion, our results indicate that blue light is a reliable therapy to reduce circadian dysfunctions in aged rats, but other studies assessing how blue light modulates the neural components to modulate this response are still needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eryck Holmes A. Silva
- Laboratory of Neurochemical Studies, Department of Physiology and Behavior, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | | | - Narita Renata M. Seixas
- Laboratory of Neurochemical Studies, Department of Physiology and Behavior, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Lyzandro Lucas F. Bezerra
- Laboratory of Neurochemical Studies, Department of Physiology and Behavior, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Maria Milena O. Silva
- Laboratory of Neurochemical Studies, Department of Physiology and Behavior, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Sâmarah F. Santos
- Laboratory of Neurochemical Studies, Department of Physiology and Behavior, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Jeferson S. Cavalcante
- Laboratory of Neurochemical Studies, Department of Physiology and Behavior, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | | | - Rovena Clara Engelberth
- Laboratory of Neurochemical Studies, Department of Physiology and Behavior, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
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Santana NNM, Silva EHA, dos Santos SF, Costa MSMO, Nascimento Junior ES, Engelberth RCJG, Cavalcante JS. Retinorecipient areas in the common marmoset ( Callithrix jacchus): An image-forming and non-image forming circuitry. Front Neural Circuits 2023; 17:1088686. [PMID: 36817647 PMCID: PMC9932520 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2023.1088686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammalian retina captures a multitude of diverse features from the external environment and conveys them via the optic nerve to a myriad of retinorecipient nuclei. Understanding how retinal signals act in distinct brain functions is one of the most central and established goals of neuroscience. Using the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus), a monkey from Northeastern Brazil, as an animal model for parsing how retinal innervation works in the brain, started decades ago due to their marmoset's small bodies, rapid reproduction rate, and brain features. In the course of that research, a large amount of new and sophisticated neuroanatomical techniques was developed and employed to explain retinal connectivity. As a consequence, image and non-image-forming regions, functions, and pathways, as well as retinal cell types were described. Image-forming circuits give rise directly to vision, while the non-image-forming territories support circadian physiological processes, although part of their functional significance is uncertain. Here, we reviewed the current state of knowledge concerning retinal circuitry in marmosets from neuroanatomical investigations. We have also highlighted the aspects of marmoset retinal circuitry that remain obscure, in addition, to identify what further research is needed to better understand the connections and functions of retinorecipient structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelyane Nayara M. Santana
- Laboratory of Neurochemical Studies, Department of Physiology and Behavior, Bioscience Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Eryck H. A. Silva
- Laboratory of Neurochemical Studies, Department of Physiology and Behavior, Bioscience Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Sâmarah F. dos Santos
- Laboratory of Neurochemical Studies, Department of Physiology and Behavior, Bioscience Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Miriam S. M. O. Costa
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy, Department of Morphology, Bioscience Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Expedito S. Nascimento Junior
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy, Department of Morphology, Bioscience Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Rovena Clara J. G. Engelberth
- Laboratory of Neurochemical Studies, Department of Physiology and Behavior, Bioscience Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Jeferson S. Cavalcante
- Laboratory of Neurochemical Studies, Department of Physiology and Behavior, Bioscience Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil,*Correspondence: Jeferson S. Cavalcante,
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Rocha GS, Freire MAM, Paiva KM, Oliveira RF, Norrara B, Morais PLAG, Oliveira LC, Engelberth RCGJ, Cavalcante JS, Cavalcanti JRLP. Effect of senescence on the tyrosine hydroxylase and S100B immunoreactivity in the nigrostriatal pathway of the rat. J Chem Neuroanat 2022; 124:102136. [PMID: 35809809 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2022.102136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Senescence is a natural and progressive physiological event that leads to a series of morphophysiological alterations in the organism. The brain is the most vulnerable organ to both structural and functional changes during this process. Dopamine is a key neurotransmitter for the proper functioning of the brain, directly involved in circuitries related with emotions, learning, motivation and reward. One of the main dopamine- producing nuclei is the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc), which establish connections with the striatum forming the so-called nigrostriatal pathway. S100B is a calcium binding protein mainly expressed by astrocytes, involved in both intracellular and extracellular processes, and whose expression is increased following injury in the nervous tissue, being a useful marker in altered status of central nervous system. The present study aimed to analyze the impact of senescence on the cells immunoreactive for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and S100B along the nigrostriatal pathway of the rat. Our results show an decreased expression of S100B+ cells in SNpc. In addition, there was a significant decrease in TH immunoreactivity in both projection fibers and TH+ cell bodies. In the striatum, a decrease in TH immunoreactivity was also observed, as well as an enlargement of the white matter bundles. Our findings point out that senescence is related to the anatomical and neurochemical changes observed throughout the nigrostriatal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel S Rocha
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the State of Rio Grande do Norte (UERN), Mossoró, RN, Brazil
| | - Marco Aurelio M Freire
- Graduate Program in Health and Society, University of the State of Rio Grande do Norte (UERN), Mossoró, RN, Brazil
| | - Karina M Paiva
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the State of Rio Grande do Norte (UERN), Mossoró, RN, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo F Oliveira
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the State of Rio Grande do Norte (UERN), Mossoró, RN, Brazil
| | - Bianca Norrara
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, University of the State of Rio Grande do Norte (UERN), Mossoró, RN, Brazil
| | - Paulo Leonardo A G Morais
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, University of the State of Rio Grande do Norte (UERN), Mossoró, RN, Brazil
| | - Lucidio C Oliveira
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, University of the State of Rio Grande do Norte (UERN), Mossoró, RN, Brazil
| | | | | | - José Rodolfo L P Cavalcanti
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the State of Rio Grande do Norte (UERN), Mossoró, RN, Brazil; Graduate Program in Health and Society, University of the State of Rio Grande do Norte (UERN), Mossoró, RN, Brazil; Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, University of the State of Rio Grande do Norte (UERN), Mossoró, RN, Brazil.
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5
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Fiuza FP, Queiroz JPG, Aquino ACQ, Câmara DA, Brandão LEM, Lima RH, Cavalcanti JRLP, Engelberth RCGJ, Cavalcante JS. Aging Alters Daily and Regional Calretinin Neuronal Expression in the Rat Non-image Forming Visual Thalamus. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:613305. [PMID: 33716710 PMCID: PMC7943479 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.613305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging affects the overall physiology, including the image-forming and non-image forming visual systems. Among the components of the latter, the thalamic retinorecipient inter-geniculate leaflet (IGL) and ventral lateral geniculate (vLGN) nucleus conveys light information to subcortical regions, adjusting visuomotor, and circadian functions. It is noteworthy that several visual related cells, such as neuronal subpopulations in the IGL and vLGN are neurochemically characterized by the presence of calcium binding proteins. Calretinin (CR), a representative of such proteins, denotes region-specificity in a temporal manner by variable day–night expression. In parallel, age-related brain dysfunction and neurodegeneration are associated with abnormal intracellular concentrations of calcium. Here, we investigated whether daily changes in the number of CR neurons are a feature of the aged IGL and vLGN in rats. To this end, we perfused rats, ranging from 3 to 24 months of age, within distinct phases of the day, namely zeitgeber times (ZTs). Then, we evaluated CR immunolabeling through design-based stereological cell estimation. We observed distinct daily rhythms of CR expression in the IGL and in both the retinorecipient (vLGNe) and non-retinorecipient (vLGNi) portions of the vLGN. In the ZT 6, the middle of the light phase, the CR cells are reduced with aging in the IGL and vLGNe. In the ZT 12, the transition between light to dark, an age-related CR loss was found in all nuclei. While CR expression predominates in specific spatial domains of vLGN, age-related changes appear not to be restricted at particular portions. No alterations were found in the dark/light transition or in the middle of the dark phase, ZTs 0, and 18, respectively. These results are relevant in the understanding of how aging shifts the phenotype of visual related cells at topographically organized channels of visuomotor and circadian processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe P Fiuza
- Graduate Program in Neuroengineering, Edmond and Lily Safra International Institute of Neuroscience, Santos Dumont Institute, Macaíba, Brazil
| | - José Pablo G Queiroz
- Graduate Program in Neuroengineering, Edmond and Lily Safra International Institute of Neuroscience, Santos Dumont Institute, Macaíba, Brazil
| | - Antônio Carlos Q Aquino
- Laboratory of Neurochemical Studies, Department of Physiology, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Diego A Câmara
- Laboratory of Neurochemical Studies, Department of Physiology, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Luiz Eduardo M Brandão
- Laboratory of Neurochemical Studies, Department of Physiology, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil.,Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ramon H Lima
- Graduate Program in Neuroengineering, Edmond and Lily Safra International Institute of Neuroscience, Santos Dumont Institute, Macaíba, Brazil
| | - José Rodolfo L P Cavalcanti
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Health Science Center, University of State of Rio Grande do Norte, Mossoró, Brazil
| | - Rovena Clara G J Engelberth
- Laboratory of Neurochemical Studies, Department of Physiology, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Jeferson S Cavalcante
- Laboratory of Neurochemical Studies, Department of Physiology, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
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Gonçalves FB, Gonçalves BSB, Cavalcante JS, Azevedo CVM. Aging-related changes on social synchronization of circadian activity rhythm in a diurnal primate ( Callithrix jacchus). Chronobiol Int 2020; 37:980-992. [PMID: 32573282 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2020.1773495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The input of environmental time cues and expression of circadian activity rhythms may change with aging. Among nonphotic zeitgebers, social cues from conspecific vocalizations may contribute to the stability and survival of individuals of social species, such as nonhuman primates. We evaluated aging-related changes on social synchronization of the circadian activity rhythm (CAR) in a social diurnal primate, the common marmoset. The activity of 18 male marmosets was recorded by actiwatches in two conditions. (1) Experimental - 4 young adult (5 ± 2 yrs of age) and 4 older (10 ± 2 yrs of age) animals maintained under LD 12/12 h and LL in a room with full insulation for light but only partial insulation for sound from vocalizations of conspecifics maintained outdoors in the colony; and (2) Control - 10 young adult animals maintained outdoors in the colony (5 animals as a control per age group). In LL, the CAR of young adults showed more stable synchronization with controls. Among the aged marmosets, two free-ran with τ > 24 h, whereas the other two showed relative coordination during the first 30 days in LL, but free-ran thereafter. These differences were reflected in the "social" phase angles (ψon and ψoff ) between rhythms of experimental and control animal groups. Moreover, the activity patterns of aged animals showed lower social synchrony with controls compared to young adults, with the time lags of the time series between each experimental group and control group being negative in aged and positive in young adult animals (t-test, p < 0.05). The index of stability of the CAR showed no differences according to age, while the intradaily variability of the CAR was higher in the aged animals during LD-resynchronization, who took additional days to resynchronize. Thus, the social modulation on CAR may vary with age in marmosets. In the aged group, there was a lower effect of social synchronization, which may be associated with aging-related changes in the synchronization and generation of the CAR as well as in system outputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana B Gonçalves
- Escola Multicampi de Ciências Médicas do Rio Grande do Norte, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte , Caicó, RN, Brazil
| | - Bruno S B Gonçalves
- Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades, Universidade de São Paulo , São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Jeferson S Cavalcante
- Laboratório de Estudos Neuroquímicos, Departamento de Fisiologia e Comportamento, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte , Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Carolina V M Azevedo
- Laboratório de Cronobiologia, Departamento de Fisiologia e Comportamento, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte , Natal, RN, Brazil
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Costa IM, Lima FOV, Fernandes LCB, Norrara B, Neta FI, Alves RD, Cavalcanti JRLP, Lucena EES, Cavalcante JS, Rego ACM, Filho IA, Queiroz DB, Freire MAM, Guzen FP. Astragaloside IV Supplementation Promotes A Neuroprotective Effect in Experimental Models of Neurological Disorders: A Systematic Review. Curr Neuropharmacol 2020; 17:648-665. [PMID: 30207235 PMCID: PMC6712289 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x16666180911123341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Neurological disorders constitute a growing worldwide concern due to the progressive aging of the population and the risky behavior they represent. Herbal medicines have scientific relevance in the treatment of these pathol-ogies. One of these substances, Astragaloside IV (AS-IV), is the main active compound present in the root of Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge, a Chinese medicinal herb with neuroprotective properties. Objective: In the present study we performed a systematic review that sought to comprehend the neuroprotective effect pre-sented by AS-IV in experimental models of neurological disorders. Method: This study is a systematic review, where an electronic search in United States National Library of Medicine (Pub-Med), Science Direct, Cochrane Library, Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Scopus, Web of Science, Medline via Proquest and Periodicos Capes databases covering the years between 2007 and 2017, using “Astragaloside IV” and “Neurodegenerative diseases”; “Astragaloside IV” and “ Neurological disorders” as reference terms was made. Results: A total of 16 articles were identified, in which the efficacy of AS-IV was described in experimental models of Par-kinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, cerebral ischemia and autoimmune encephalomyelitis, by improving motor deficits and/or neurochemical activity, especially antioxidant systems, reducing inflammation and oxidative stress. Conclusion: The findings of the present study indicate that the administration of AS-IV can improve behavioral and neuro-chemical deficits largely due to its antioxidant, antiapoptotic and anti-inflammatory properties, emerging as an alternative therapeutic approach for the treatment of neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ianara M Costa
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the State of Rio Grande do Norte (UERN), Mossoro/RN, Brazil
| | - Francisca O V Lima
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the State of Rio Grande do Norte (UERN), Mossoro/RN, Brazil
| | - Luciana C B Fernandes
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the State of Rio Grande do Norte (UERN), Mossoro/RN, Brazil
| | - Bianca Norrara
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the State of Rio Grande do Norte (UERN), Mossoro/RN, Brazil
| | - Francisca I Neta
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the State of Rio Grande do Norte (UERN), Mossoro/RN, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo D Alves
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the State of Rio Grande do Norte (UERN), Mossoro/RN, Brazil
| | - José R L P Cavalcanti
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the State of Rio Grande do Norte (UERN), Mossoro/RN, Brazil
| | - Eudes E S Lucena
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the State of Rio Grande do Norte (UERN), Mossoro/RN, Brazil
| | - Jeferson S Cavalcante
- Laboratory of Neurochemical Studies, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal/RN, Brazil
| | - Amalia C M Rego
- Post Graduation Program in Biotechnology, Health School, Potiguar University (UnP), Natal/RN, Brazil
| | - Irami A Filho
- Post Graduation Program in Biotechnology, Health School, Potiguar University (UnP), Natal/RN, Brazil
| | - Dinalva B Queiroz
- Post Graduation Program in Biotechnology, Health School, Potiguar University (UnP), Natal/RN, Brazil
| | - Marco A M Freire
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the State of Rio Grande do Norte (UERN), Mossoro/RN, Brazil
| | - Fausto P Guzen
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the State of Rio Grande do Norte (UERN), Mossoro/RN, Brazil.,Post Graduation Program in Biotechnology, Health School, Potiguar University (UnP), Natal/RN, Brazil
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Resende NR, Soares Filho PL, Peixoto PPA, Silva AM, Silva SF, Soares JG, do Nascimento ES, Cavalcante JC, Cavalcante JS, Costa MSMO. Nuclear organization and morphology of cholinergic neurons in the brain of the rock cavy (Kerodon rupestris) (Wied, 1820). J Chem Neuroanat 2018; 94:63-74. [PMID: 30293055 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to conduct cytoarchitectonic studies and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) immunohistochemical analysis to delimit the cholinergic groups in the encephalon of the rock cavy (Kerodon rupestris), a crepuscular Caviidae rodent native to the Brazilian Northeast. Three young adult animals were anesthetized and transcardially perfused. The encephala were cut in the coronal plane using a cryostat. We obtained 6 series of 30-μm-thick sections. The sections from one series were subjected to Nissl staining. Those from another series were subjected to immunohistochemistry for the enzyme ChAT, which is used in acetylcholine synthesis, to visualize the different cholinergic neural centers of the rock cavy. The slides were analyzed using a light microscope and the results were documented by description and digital photomicrographs. ChAT-immunoreactive neurons were identified in the telencephalon (nucleus accumbens, caudate-putamen, globus pallidus, entopeduncular nucleus and ventral globus pallidus, olfactory tubercle and islands of Calleja, diagonal band of Broca nucleus, nucleus basalis, and medial septal nucleus), diencephalon (ventrolateral preoptic, hypothalamic ventrolateral, and medial habenular nuclei), and brainstem (parabigeminal, laterodorsal tegmental, and pedunculopontine tegmental nuclei). These findings are discussed through both a functional and phylogenetic perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- N R Resende
- Department of Morphology, Laboratory of Neuroanatomy, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - P L Soares Filho
- Department of Morphology, Laboratory of Neuroanatomy, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - P P A Peixoto
- Department of Morphology, Laboratory of Neuroanatomy, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - A M Silva
- Department of Morphology, Laboratory of Neuroanatomy, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - S F Silva
- Department of Morphology, Laboratory of Neuroanatomy, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - J G Soares
- Department of Morphology, Laboratory of Neuroanatomy, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - E S do Nascimento
- Department of Morphology, Laboratory of Neuroanatomy, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - J C Cavalcante
- Department of Morphology, Laboratory of Neuroanatomy, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - J S Cavalcante
- Department of Physiology, Laboratory of Neurochemical Studies, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - M S M O Costa
- Department of Morphology, Laboratory of Neuroanatomy, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil.
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Santana MAD, Medeiros HHA, Leite MD, Barros MAS, de Góis Morais PLA, Soares JG, Ladd FVL, Cavalcante JS, Cavalcante JC, Costa MSMO, Nascimento Jr. ES. Retinofugal Projections Into Visual Brain Structures in the Bat Artibeus planirostris: A CTb Study. Front Neuroanat 2018; 12:66. [PMID: 30135648 PMCID: PMC6092499 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2018.00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A well-developed visual system can provide significant sensory information to guide motor behavior, especially in fruit-eating bats, which usually use echolocation to navigate at high speed through cluttered environments during foraging. Relatively few studies have been performed to elucidate the organization of the visual system in bats. The present work provides an extensive morphological description of the retinal projections in the subcortical visual nuclei in the flat-faced fruit-eating bat (Artibeus planirostris) using anterograde transport of the eye-injected cholera toxin B subunit (CTb), followed by morphometrical and stereological analyses. Regarding the cytoarchitecture, the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) was homogeneous, with no evident lamination. However, the retinal projection contained two layers that had significantly different marking intensities and a massive contralateral input. The superior colliculus (SC) was identified as a laminar structure composed of seven layers, and the retinal input was only observed on the contralateral side, targeting two most superficial layers. The medial pretectal nucleus (MPT), olivary pretectal nucleus (OPT), anterior pretectal nucleus (APT), posterior pretectal nucleus (PPT) and nucleus of the optic tract (NOT) were comprised the pretectal nuclear complex (PNT). Only the APT lacked a retinal input, which was predominantly contralateral in all other nuclei. Our results showed the morphometrical and stereological features of a bat species for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melquisedec A. D. Santana
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Helder H. A. Medeiros
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Mariana D. Leite
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | | | | | - Joacil Germano Soares
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Fernando V. L. Ladd
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Jeferson S. Cavalcante
- Laboratory of Neurochemical Studies, Department of Physiology, Bioscience Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Judney C. Cavalcante
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Miriam S. M. O. Costa
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
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Santana NNM, Barros MAS, Medeiros HHA, Santana MAD, Silva LL, Morais PLAG, Ladd FVL, Cavalcante JS, Lima RRM, Cavalcante JC, Costa MSMO, Engelberth RCJG, Nascimento Jr. ES. The Suprachiasmatic Nucleus and the Intergeniculate Leaflet of the Flat-Faced Fruit-Eating Bat ( Artibeus planirostris): Retinal Projections and Neurochemical Anatomy. Front Neuroanat 2018; 12:36. [PMID: 29867376 PMCID: PMC5962671 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2018.00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammals, the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) and the intergeniculate leaflet (IGL) are the main components of the circadian timing system. The SCN, classically known as the master circadian clock, generates rhythms and synchronizes them to environmental cues. The IGL is a key structure that modulates SCN activity. Strategies on the use of time by animals can provide important clues about how some species are adapted to competitive process in nature. Few studies have provided information about temporal niche in bats with special attention on the neural substrate underlies circadian rhythms. The aim of this study was to investigate these circadian centers with respect to their cytoarchitecture, chemical content and retinal projections in the flat-faced fruit-eating bat (Artibeus planirostris), a chiropteran endemic to South America. Unlike other species of phyllostomid bats, the flat-faced fruit-eating bat's peak of activity occurs 5 h after sunset. This raises several questions about the structure and function of the SCN and IGL in this species. We carried out a mapping of the retinal projections and cytoarchitectural study of the nuclei using qualitative and quantitative approaches. Based on relative optical density findings, the SCN and IGL of the flat-faced fruit-eating bat receive bilaterally symmetric retinal innervation. The SCN contains vasopressin (VP) and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) neurons with neuropeptide Y (NPY), serotonin (5-HT) and glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) immunopositive fibers/terminals and is marked by intense glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunoreactivity. The IGL contains NPY perikarya as well as GAD and 5-HT immunopositive terminals and is characterized by dense GFAP immunostaining. In addition, stereological tools were combined with Nissl stained sections to estimate the volumes of the circadian centers. Taken together, the present results in the flat-faced fruit-eating bat reveal some differences compared to other bat species which might explain the divergence in the hourly activity among bats in order to reduce the competitive potential and resource partitioning in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelyane N. M. Santana
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy, Department of Morphology, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | | | - Helder H. A. Medeiros
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy, Department of Morphology, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Melquisedec A. D. Santana
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy, Department of Morphology, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Lara L. Silva
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy, Department of Morphology, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Paulo L. A. G. Morais
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy, Department of Morphology, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Fernando V. L. Ladd
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy, Department of Morphology, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Jeferson S. Cavalcante
- Laboratory of Neurochemical Studies, Department of Physiology, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Ruthnaldo R. M. Lima
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy, Department of Morphology, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Judney C. Cavalcante
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy, Department of Morphology, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Miriam S. M. O. Costa
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy, Department of Morphology, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Rovena C. J. G. Engelberth
- Laboratory of Neurochemical Studies, Department of Physiology, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Expedito S. Nascimento Jr.
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy, Department of Morphology, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
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11
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Fiuza FP, Aquino ACQ, Câmara DA, Cavalcanti JRLP, Nascimento Júnior ES, Lima RH, Engelberth RCGJ, Cavalcante JS. Region-specific glial hyperplasia and neuronal stability of rat lateral geniculate nucleus during aging. Exp Gerontol 2017; 100:91-99. [PMID: 29113752 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The normal aging process is accompanied by functional declines in image-forming and non-image forming visual systems. Among the components of these systems, the thalamic lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) offers a good model for aging studies since its three anatomical subdivisions, namely dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN), intergeniculate leaflet (IGL) and ventral lateral geniculate nucleus (vLGN), receives light information from retina and projects to different brain areas involved in visual-related functions. Nevertheless, there is very little data available about quantitative morphological aspects in LGN across lifespan. In this study, we used design-based stereology to estimate the number of neurons, glial cells, the glia/neuron ratio and the volume of the LGN of Wistar rats from 3, 13 or 23months of age. We examined each LGN subdivision processed by immunohistochemistry for NeuN and Nissl counterstain. We observed no significant age-related neuronal loss in any nuclei and a 21% and 33% significant increase in dLGN and IGL glial cells of 23month-old rats. We also observed the glia/neuron relation increases in dLGN of 13month-old rats and in dLGN, IGL and vLGN internal portion of 23month-old ones. Moreover, we report an age-related increase in IGL volume. These results show region-specific glial hyperplasia during aging within LGN nuclei, perhaps due to compensatory responses to inflammation. In addition, we observed the glia/neuron ratio as a more sensitive parameter to quantify age-related alterations. Hence, we provide an updated and expanded quantitative characterization of these visual-related thalamic nuclei and its variability across lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe P Fiuza
- Laboratory of Neurochemical Studies, Department of Physiology, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, 59072-970 Natal, RN, Brazil.
| | - Antônio Carlos Q Aquino
- Laboratory of Neurochemical Studies, Department of Physiology, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, 59072-970 Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Diego A Câmara
- Laboratory of Neurochemical Studies, Department of Physiology, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, 59072-970 Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - José Rodolfo L P Cavalcanti
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Health Science Center, University of State of Rio Grande do Norte, 59607-360 Mossoró, RN, Brazil
| | - Expedito S Nascimento Júnior
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy, Department of Morphology, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, 59072-970 Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Ramon H Lima
- Laboratory of Neurochemical Studies, Department of Physiology, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, 59072-970 Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Rovena Clara G J Engelberth
- Laboratory of Neurochemical Studies, Department of Physiology, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, 59072-970 Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Jeferson S Cavalcante
- Laboratory of Neurochemical Studies, Department of Physiology, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, 59072-970 Natal, RN, Brazil
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Campêlo CL, Santos JR, Silva AF, Dierschnabel AL, Pontes A, Cavalcante JS, Ribeiro AM, Silva RH. Exposure to an enriched environment facilitates motor recovery and prevents short-term memory impairment and reduction of striatal BDNF in a progressive pharmacological model of parkinsonism in mice. Behav Brain Res 2017; 328:138-148. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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13
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Leão AHFF, Meurer YSR, da Silva AF, Medeiros AM, Campêlo CLC, Abílio VC, Engelberth RCGK, Cavalcante JS, Izídio GS, Ribeiro AM, Silva RH. Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (SHR) Are Resistant to a Reserpine-Induced Progressive Model of Parkinson's Disease: Differences in Motor Behavior, Tyrosine Hydroxylase and α-Synuclein Expression. Front Aging Neurosci 2017; 9:78. [PMID: 28396635 PMCID: PMC5366354 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Reserpine is an irreversible inhibitor of vesicular monoamine transporter-2 (VMAT2) used to study Parkinson’s disease (PD) and screening for antiparkinsonian treatments in rodents. Recently, the repeated treatment with a low-dose of reserpine was proposed as a progressive model of PD. Rats under this treatment show progressive catalepsy behavior, oral movements and spontaneous motor activity decrement. In parallel, compared to Wistar rats, spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) are resistant to acute reserpine-induced oral dyskinesia. We aimed to assess whether SHR would present differential susceptibility to repeated reserpine-induced deficits in the progressive model of PD. Male Wistar and SHR rats were administered 15 subcutaneously (s.c.) injections of reserpine (0.1 mg/kg) or vehicle, every other day and motor activity was assessed by the catalepsy, oral movements and open field tests. Only reserpine-treated Wistar rats presented increased latency to step down in the catalepsy test and impaired spontaneous activity in the open field. On the other hand, there was an increase in oral movements in both reserpine-treated strains, although with reduced magnitude and latency to instauration in SHR. After a 15-day withdrawn period, both strains recovered from motor impairment, but SHR animals expressed reduced latencies to reach control levels. Finally, we performed immunohistochemistry for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and α-synuclein (α-syn) 48 h after the last injection or 15 days after withdrawn. Reserpine-treated animals presented a reduction in TH and an increase in α-syn immunoreactivity in the substantia nigra and dorsal striatum (dSTR), which were both recovered after 15 days of withdraw. Furthermore, SHR rats were resistant to reserpine-induced TH decrement in the substantia nigra, and presented reduced immunoreactivity to α-syn in the dSTR relative to Wistar rats, irrespective of treatment. This effect was accompanied by increase of malondaldhyde (MDA) in the striatum of reserpine-treated Wistar rats, while SHR presented reduced MDA in both control and reserpine conditions relative to Wistar strain. In conclusion, the current results show that SHR are resilient to motor and neurochemical impairments induced by the repeated low-dose reserpine protocol. These findings indicate that the neurochemical, molecular and genetic differences in the SHR strain are potential relevant targets to the study of susceptibility to PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anderson H F F Leão
- Memory Studies Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do NorteNatal, Brazil; Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do NorteNatal, Brazil; Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ywlliane S R Meurer
- Memory Studies Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte Natal, Brazil
| | | | - André M Medeiros
- Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Clarissa L C Campêlo
- Memory Studies Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte Natal, Brazil
| | - Vanessa C Abílio
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rovena C G K Engelberth
- Neurochemical Studies Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte Natal, Brazil
| | - Jeferson S Cavalcante
- Neurochemical Studies Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte Natal, Brazil
| | - Geison S Izídio
- Laboratory of Behavioral Genetics, Department of Cellular Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina Florianopolis, Brazil
| | | | - Regina H Silva
- Memory Studies Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do NorteNatal, Brazil; Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil
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14
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Engelberth RCGJ, Silva KDDA, Fiuza FP, Soares JG, Costa MSMO, Lima RRDM, Nascimento ESD, Santos JRD, Cavalcanti JRLP, Cavalcante JS. Retinal, NPY- and 5ht- inputs to the aged suprachiasmatic nucleus in common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus). Neurosci Res 2017; 121:54-59. [PMID: 28288865 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The circadian timing system (CTS) anticipates optimal physiological patterns in response to environmental fluctuations, such as light-dark cycle. Since age-related disruption of circadian synchronization is linked to several pathological conditions, we characterized alterations of neurochemical constituents and retinal projections to the major pacemaker of CTS, the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), in adult and aged marmosets. We used intraocular injections of neural tracer Cholera toxin b (CTb) to report age-related reductions in CTb, neuropeptide Y and serotonin immunoreactivities. Considering these projections arise in SCN from nuclei that relay environmental information to entrain the circadian clock, we provide important anatomical correlates to age-associated physiological deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rovena C G J Engelberth
- Laboratory of Neurochemical Studies, Physiology Department, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, 59072-970 Natal, RN, Brazil.
| | - Kayo D de Azevedo Silva
- Laboratory of Neurochemical Studies, Physiology Department, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, 59072-970 Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Felipe Porto Fiuza
- Laboratory of Neurochemical Studies, Physiology Department, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, 59072-970 Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Joacil Germano Soares
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy, Morphology Department, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Miriam S M O Costa
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy, Morphology Department, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Ruthnaldo R de Melo Lima
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy, Morphology Department, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Expedito Silva do Nascimento
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy, Morphology Department, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - José R Dos Santos
- Department of Biosciences, Federal University of Sergipe, Itabaiana, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - José R L P Cavalcanti
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Health Science Center, University of State of Rio Grande do Norte, Mossoró, RN, Brazil
| | - Jeferson S Cavalcante
- Laboratory of Neurochemical Studies, Physiology Department, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, 59072-970 Natal, RN, Brazil
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15
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Cavalcanti JRLP, Pontes ALB, Fiuza FP, Silva KDA, Guzen FP, Lucena EES, Nascimento-Júnior ES, Cavalcante JC, Costa MSMO, Engelberth RCGJ, Cavalcante JS. Nuclear organization of the substantia nigra, ventral tegmental area and retrorubral field of the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus): A cytoarchitectonic and TH-immunohistochemistry study. J Chem Neuroanat 2016; 77:100-109. [PMID: 27292410 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2016.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
It is widely known that the catecholamine group is formed by dopamine, noradrenaline and adrenaline. Its synthesis is regulated by the enzyme called tyrosine hydroxylase. 3-hydroxytyramine/dopamine (DA) is a precursor of noradrenaline and adrenaline synthesis and acts as a neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. The three main nuclei, being the retrorubral field (A8 group), the substantia nigra pars compacta (A9 group) and the ventral tegmental area (A10 group), are arranged in the die-mesencephalic portion and are involved in three complex circuitries - the mesostriatal, mesolimbic and mesocortical pathways. These pathways are involved in behavioral manifestations, motricity, learning, reward and also in pathological conditions such as Parkinson's disease and schizophrenia. The aim of this study was to perform a morphological analysis of the A8, A9 and A10 groups in the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus - a neotropical primate), whose morphological and functional characteristics support its suitability for use in biomedical research. Coronal sections of the marmoset brain were submitted to Nissl staining and TH-immunohistochemistry. The morphology of the neurons made it possible to subdivide the A10 group into seven distinct regions: interfascicular nucleus, raphe rostral linear nucleus and raphe caudal linear nucleus in the middle line; paranigral and parainterfascicular nucleus in the middle zone; the rostral portion of the ventral tegmental area nucleus and parabrachial pigmented nucleus located in the dorsolateral portion of the mesencephalic tegmentum. The A9 group was divided into four regions: substantia nigra compacta dorsal and ventral tiers; substantia nigra compacta lateral and medial clusters. No subdivisions were made for the A8 group. These results reveal that A8, A9 and A10 are phylogenetically stable across species. As such, further studies concerning such divisions are necessary in order to evaluate the occurrence of subdivisions that express DA in other primate species, with the aim of characterizing its functional relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- José R L P Cavalcanti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, Health Science Center, University of State of Rio Grande do Norte, Mossoró, RN, Brazil; Department of Physiology, Laboratory of Neurochemical Studies, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil.
| | - André L B Pontes
- Department of Physiology, Laboratory of Neurochemical Studies, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Felipe P Fiuza
- Department of Physiology, Laboratory of Neurochemical Studies, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Kayo D A Silva
- Department of Physiology, Laboratory of Neurochemical Studies, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Fausto P Guzen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, Health Science Center, University of State of Rio Grande do Norte, Mossoró, RN, Brazil; Department of Physiology, Laboratory of Neurochemical Studies, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Eudes E S Lucena
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, Health Science Center, University of State of Rio Grande do Norte, Mossoró, RN, Brazil; Department of Physiology, Laboratory of Neurochemical Studies, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Expedito S Nascimento-Júnior
- Department of Morphology, Laboratory of Neuroanatomy, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Judney C Cavalcante
- Department of Morphology, Laboratory of Neuroanatomy, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Miriam S M O Costa
- Department of Morphology, Laboratory of Neuroanatomy, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Rovena C G J Engelberth
- Department of Physiology, Laboratory of Neurochemical Studies, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Jeferson S Cavalcante
- Department of Physiology, Laboratory of Neurochemical Studies, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
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16
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Fiuza FP, Silva KDA, Pessoa RA, Pontes ALB, Cavalcanti RLP, Pires RS, Soares JG, Nascimento Júnior ES, Costa MSMO, Engelberth RCGJ, Cavalcante JS. Age-related changes in neurochemical components and retinal projections of rat intergeniculate leaflet. Age (Dordr) 2016; 38:4. [PMID: 26718202 PMCID: PMC5005876 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-015-9867-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Aging leads to several anatomical and functional deficits in circadian timing system. In previous works, we observed morphological alterations with age in hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nuclei, one central component of this system. However, there are few data regarding aging effects on other central components of this system, such as thalamic intergeniculate leaflet (IGL). In this context, we studied possible age-related alterations in neurochemical components and retinal projections of rat IGL. For this goal, young (3 months), adult (13 months), and aged (23 months) Wistar rats were submitted to an intraocular injection of neural tracer, cholera toxin subunit b (CTb), 5 days before a tissue fixation process by paraformaldehyde perfusion. Optical density measurements and cell count were performed at digital pictures of brain tissue slices processed by immunostaining for glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), enkephalin (ENK), neuropeptide Y (NPY) and CTb, characteristic markers of IGL and its retinal terminals. We found a significant age-related loss in NPY immunoreactive neurons, but not in immunoreactivity to GAD and ENK. We also found a decline of retinal projections to IGL with age. We conclude aging impairs both a photic environmental clue afferent to IGL and a neurochemical expression which has an important modulatory circadian function, providing strong anatomical correlates to functional deficits of the aged biological clock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe P Fiuza
- Laboratory of Neurochemical Studies, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Kayo D A Silva
- Laboratory of Neurochemical Studies, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Renata A Pessoa
- Laboratory of Neurochemical Studies, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - André L B Pontes
- Laboratory of Neurochemical Studies, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Rodolfo L P Cavalcanti
- Laboratory of Neurochemical Studies, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Raquel S Pires
- Neuroscience Center, University of São Paulo City, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Joacil G Soares
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | | | - Miriam S M O Costa
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Rovena C G J Engelberth
- Laboratory of Neurochemical Studies, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Jeferson S Cavalcante
- Laboratory of Neurochemical Studies, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil.
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Gonçalves FB, Borges GR, Gonçalves BSB, Cavalcante JS, Menezes AAL, Azevedo CVM. Evidence for age-related changes in the circadian activity rhythm of the diurnal primateCallithrix jacchus: a case report. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2015.1129695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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18
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Cavalcanti JR, Soares JG, Oliveira FG, Guzen FP, Pontes AL, Sousa TB, Cavalcante JS, Nascimento ES, Cavalcante JC, Costa MS. A cytoarchitectonic and TH-immunohistochemistry characterization of the dopamine cell groups in the substantia nigra, ventral tegmental area and retrorubral field in the rock cavy (Kerodon rupestris). J Chem Neuroanat 2014; 55:58-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2014.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Revised: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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19
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Santos JR, Cunha JA, Dierschnabel AL, Campêlo CL, Leão AH, Silva AF, Engelberth RC, Izídio GS, Cavalcante JS, Abílio VC, Ribeiro AM, Silva RH. Cognitive, motor and tyrosine hydroxylase temporal impairment in a model of parkinsonism induced by reserpine. Behav Brain Res 2013; 253:68-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2013.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2012] [Revised: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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20
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Engelberth RCGJ, de Pontes ALB, Fiuza FP, Silva KDDA, Resende NDS, Azevedo CVDM, Costa MSMO, Cavalcante JC, Nascimento ES, Gavioli EC, Cavalcante JS. Changes in the suprachiasmatic nucleus during aging: Implications for biological rhythms. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.3922/j.psns.2013.3.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Soares JG, Cavalcanti JR, Oliveira FG, Pontes AL, Sousa TB, Freitas LM, Cavalcante JS, Nascimento ES, Cavalcante JC, Costa MS. Nuclear organization of the serotonergic system in the brain of the rock cavy (Kerodon rupestris). J Chem Neuroanat 2012; 43:112-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2012.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2011] [Revised: 03/12/2012] [Accepted: 03/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Nascimento ES, Souza AP, Duarte RB, Magalhães MA, Silva SF, Cavalcante JC, Cavalcante JS, Costa MS. The suprachiasmatic nucleus and the intergeniculate leaflet in the rock cavy (Kerodon rupestris): Retinal projections and immunohistochemical characterization. Brain Res 2010; 1320:34-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2010.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2009] [Revised: 01/13/2010] [Accepted: 01/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Cavalcante JS, Britto LRG, Toledo CAB, Nascimento ES, Lima RRM, Pontes ALB, Costa MSMO. Calcium-binding proteins in the circadian centers of the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) and the rock cavy (Kerodon rupestris) brains. Brain Res Bull 2008; 76:354-60. [PMID: 18502310 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2008.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2007] [Revised: 01/04/2008] [Accepted: 02/19/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) and the thalamic intergeniculate leaflet (IGL) are considered to be the main centers of the mammalian circadian timing system. In primates, the IGL is included as part of the pregeniculate nucleus (PGN), a cell group located mediodorsally to the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus. This work was carried out to comparatively evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of the calcium-binding proteins calbindin D-28k (CB), parvalbumin (PV), and calretinin (CR) into the circadian brain districts of the common marmoset and the rock cavy. In both species, although no fibers, terminals or perikarya showed PV-immunoreaction (IR) into the SCN, CB-IR perikarya labeling was detected throughout the SCN rostrocaudal extent, seeming to delimit its cytoarchitectonic borders. CR-IR perikarya and neuropil were noticed into the ventral and dorsal portions of the SCN, lacking immunoreactivity in the central core of the marmoset and filling the entire nucleus in the rock cavy. The PGN of the marmoset presented a significant number of CB-, PV-, and CR-IR perikarya throughout the nucleus. The IGL of the rocky cavy exhibited a prominent CB- and CR-IR neuropil, showing similarity to the pattern found in other rodents. By comparing with literature data from other mammals, the results of the present study suggest that CB, PV, and CR are differentially distributed into the SCN and IGL among species. They may act either in concert or in a complementary manner in the SCN and IGL, so as to participate in specific aspects of the circadian regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Cavalcante
- Department of Physiology, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, 59072-970, Natal, RN, Brazil.
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Pinato L, Allemandi W, Abe LK, Frazão R, Cruz-Rizzolo RJ, Cavalcante JS, Costa MSMO, Nogueira MI. A comparative study of cytoarchitecture and serotonergic afferents in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of primates (Cebus apella and Callithrix jacchus) and rats (Wistar and Long Evans strains). Brain Res 2007; 1149:101-10. [PMID: 17382302 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2007.02.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2006] [Revised: 02/20/2007] [Accepted: 02/20/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The suprachiasmatic nucleus, an essential diencephalic component of the circadian timing system, plays a role in the generation and modulation of behavioral and neuroendocrine rhythms in mammals. Its cytoarchitecture, neurochemical and hodological characteristics have been investigated in various mammalian species, particularly in rodents. In most species, two subdivisions, based on these aspects and considered to reflect functional specialization within the nucleus, can be recognized. Many studies reveal a typical dense innervation by serotonergic fibers in this nucleus, mainly in the ventromedial area, overlapping the retinal afferents. However, a different pattern occurs in certain animals, which lead us to investigate the distribution of serotonergic afferents in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the Capuchin monkey, Cebus apella, compared to the marmoset, Callithrix jacchus, and two Rattus norvegicus lines (Long Evans and Wistar), and to reported findings for other mammalian species. Our morphometric data show the volume and length of the suprachiasmatic nucleus along the rostrocaudal axis to be greatest in C. apella>C. jacchus>Long Evans> or =Wistar rats, in agreement with their body sizes. In C. apella, however, the serotonergic terminals occupy only some 10% of the nucleus' area, less than the 25% seen in the marmoset and rats. The distribution of the serotonergic fibers in C. apella does not follow the characteristic ventral organization pattern seen in the rodents. These findings raise questions concerning the intrinsic organization of the nucleus, as well as regarding the functional relationship between serotonergic input and retinal afferents in this diurnal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Pinato
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, 05508-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Cavalcante JS, Costa MSMO, Santee UR, Britto LRG. Retinal projections to the midline and intralaminar thalamic nuclei in the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus). Brain Res 2005; 1043:42-7. [PMID: 15862516 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2005.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2004] [Revised: 02/03/2005] [Accepted: 02/12/2005] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we report the identification of a hitherto not reported direct retinal projection to midline and intralaminar thalamic nuclei in the marmoset brain. After unilateral intravitreal injections of cholera toxin subunit B (CTb), anterogradely transported CTb-immunoreactive fibers and presumptive terminals were seen in the following thalamic midline nuclei: paraventricular, rhomboid, interanteromedial, and reuniens, and thalamic intralaminar nuclei: central medial, central lateral, central dorsal, and parafascicular. Studies employing sensitive tracers in other primate species are needed in order to verify the possible universality of these projections. Some of the possible functional correlates of the present data are briefly discussed. The present results may contribute to the elucidation of the anatomical substrate of the functionally demonstrated involvement of this midline/intralaminar thalamic nuclear complex in several domains that include arousal and awareness, besides specific cognitive, sensory, and motor functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeferson S Cavalcante
- Department of Physiology, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, 59072-970 Natal, RN, Brazil.
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Cavalcante JS, Alves AS, Costa MSMO, Britto LRG. Differential distribution of afferents containing serotonin and neuropeptide Y within the marmoset suprachiasmatic nucleus. Brain Res 2002; 927:200-3. [PMID: 11821013 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-8993(01)03312-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Neuropeptide Y-containing fibers/terminals were immunohistochemically detected in the ventral portion of the marmoset suprachiasmatic nucleus, approximately matching the distribution of its retinal afferents. On the other hand, serotonergic fibers/terminals were found mostly in central and dorsal areas of the suprachiasmatic nucleus, almost completely sparing its ventral portion. These data may represent a morphological substrate for differential actions of serotonin and neuropeptide Y in the control of circadian rhythmicity in marmosets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeferson S Cavalcante
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 1524, 05508-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Abstract
Retinal projections in vertebrates reach the primary visual, accessory optic, and circadian timing structures. The central feature of the circadian timing system is the principal circadian pacemaker, the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus. The direct projections from the retina to the SCN are considered the entrainment pathway of the circadian timing system. In this study, unilateral intravitreal injections of cholera toxin subunit B were used to trace the retinal projections to the marmoset hypothalamus. The retinohypothalamic tract reaches the ventral suprachiasmatic nucleus bilaterally, as anticipated from previous studies. However, labeled fibers were found in several other hypothalamic regions, such as the medial and lateral preoptic areas, supraoptic nucleus, anterior and lateral hypothalamic areas, retrochiasmatic area, and subparaventricular zone. These results reveal new aspects of retinohypothalamic projection in primates and are discussed in terms of their implications for circadian as well as noncircadian control systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Costa
- Department of Morphology, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, 59072-970 Natal, RN, Brazil.
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