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Tagawa N, Mori K, Koebis M, Aiba A, Iino Y, Tsuneoka Y, Funato H. Activation of lateral preoptic neurons is associated with nest-building in male mice. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8346. [PMID: 38594484 PMCID: PMC11004109 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59061-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Nest-building behavior is a widely observed innate behavior. A nest provides animals with a secure environment for parenting, sleep, feeding, reproduction, and temperature maintenance. Since animal infants spend their time in a nest, nest-building behavior has been generally studied as parental behaviors, and the medial preoptic area (MPOA) neurons are known to be involved in parental nest-building. However, nest-building of singly housed male mice has been less examined. Here we show that male mice spent longer time in nest-building at the early to middle dark phase and at the end of the dark phase. These two periods are followed by sleep-rich periods. When a nest was removed and fresh nest material was introduced, both male and female mice built nests at Zeitgeber time (ZT) 6, but not at ZT12. Using Fos-immunostaining combined with double in situ hybridization of Vgat and Vglut2, we found that Vgat- and Vglut2-positive cells of the lateral preoptic area (LPOA) were the only hypothalamic neuron population that exhibited a greater number of activated cells in response to fresh nest material at ZT6, compared to being naturally awake at ZT12. Fos-positive LPOA neurons were negative for estrogen receptor 1 (Esr1). Both Vgat-positive and Vglut2-positive neurons in both the LPOA and MPOA were activated at pup retrieval by male mice. Our findings suggest the possibility that GABAergic and glutamatergic neurons in the LPOA are associated with nest-building behavior in male mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsuki Tagawa
- Department of Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, Toho University, Tokyo, 143-8540, Japan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Keita Mori
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Michinori Koebis
- Laboratory of Animal Resources, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Atsu Aiba
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
- Laboratory of Animal Resources, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yuichi Iino
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yousuke Tsuneoka
- Department of Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, Toho University, Tokyo, 143-8540, Japan.
| | - Hiromasa Funato
- Department of Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, Toho University, Tokyo, 143-8540, Japan.
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.
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Smith J, Honig-Frand A, Antila H, Choi A, Kim H, Beier KT, Weber F, Chung S. Regulation of stress-induced sleep fragmentation by preoptic glutamatergic neurons. Curr Biol 2024; 34:12-23.e5. [PMID: 38096820 PMCID: PMC10872481 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Sleep disturbances are detrimental to our behavioral and emotional well-being. Stressful events disrupt sleep, in particular by inducing brief awakenings (microarousals, MAs), resulting in sleep fragmentation. The preoptic area of the hypothalamus (POA) is crucial for sleep control. However, how POA neurons contribute to the regulation of MAs and thereby impact sleep quality is unknown. Using fiber photometry in mice, we examine the activity of genetically defined POA subpopulations during sleep. We find that POA glutamatergic neurons are rhythmically activated in synchrony with an infraslow rhythm in the spindle band of the electroencephalogram during non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREMs) and are transiently activated during MAs. Optogenetic stimulation of these neurons promotes MAs and wakefulness. Exposure to acute social defeat stress fragments NREMs and significantly increases the number of transients in the calcium activity of POA glutamatergic neurons during NREMs. By reducing MAs, optogenetic inhibition during spontaneous sleep and after stress consolidates NREMs. Monosynaptically restricted rabies tracing reveals that POA glutamatergic neurons are innervated by brain regions regulating stress and sleep. In particular, presynaptic glutamatergic neurons in the lateral hypothalamus become activated after stress, and stimulating their projections to the POA promotes MAs and wakefulness. Our findings uncover a novel circuit mechanism by which POA excitatory neurons regulate sleep quality after stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Smith
- Department of Neuroscience, Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Adam Honig-Frand
- Department of Neuroscience, Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Hanna Antila
- Department of Neuroscience, Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ashley Choi
- Department of Neuroscience, Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Hannah Kim
- Department of Neuroscience, Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kevin T Beier
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
| | - Franz Weber
- Department of Neuroscience, Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Shinjae Chung
- Department of Neuroscience, Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Morishita M, Kobayashi K, Mitsuzuka M, Takagi R, Ono K, Momma R, Tsuneoka Y, Horio S, Tsukahara S. Two-Step Actions of Testicular Androgens in the Organization of a Male-Specific Neural Pathway from the Medial Preoptic Area to the Ventral Tegmental Area for Modulating Sexually Motivated Behavior. J Neurosci 2023; 43:7322-7336. [PMID: 37722849 PMCID: PMC10621776 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0361-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The medial preoptic area (MPOA) is a sexually dimorphic region of the brain that regulates social behaviors. The sexually dimorphic nucleus (SDN) of the MPOA has been studied to understand sexual dimorphism, although the anatomy and physiology of the SDN is not fully understood. Here, we characterized SDN neurons that contribute to sexual dimorphism and investigated the mechanisms underlying the emergence of such neurons and their roles in social behaviors. A target-specific neuroanatomical study using transgenic mice expressing Cre recombinase under the control of Calb1, a gene expressed abundantly in the SDN, revealed that SDN neurons are divided into two subpopulations, GABA neurons projecting to the ventral tegmental area (VTA), where they link to the dopamine system (CalbVTA neurons), and GABA neurons that extend axons in the MPOA or project to neighboring regions (CalbnonVTA neurons). CalbVTA neurons were abundant in males, but were scarce or absent in females. There was no difference in the number of CalbnonVTA neurons between sexes. Additionally, we found that emergence of CalbVTA neurons requires two testicular androgen actions that occur first in the postnatal period and second in the peripubertal period. Chemogenetic analyses of CalbVTA neurons indicated a role in modulating sexual motivation in males. Knockdown of Calb1 in the MPOA reduced the intromission required for males to complete copulation. These findings provide strong evidence that a male-specific neural pathway from the MPOA to the VTA is organized by the two-step actions of testicular androgens for the modulation of sexually motivated behavior.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The MPOA is a sexually dimorphic region of the brain that regulates social behaviors, although its sexual dimorphism is not fully understood. Here, we describe a population of MPOA neurons that contribute to the sexual dimorphism. These neurons only exist in masculinized brains, and they project their axons to the ventral tegmental area, where they link to the dopamine system. Emergence of such neurons requires two testicular androgen actions that occur first in the postnatal period and second in the peripubertal period. These MPOA neurons endow masculinized brains with a neural pathway from the MPOA to the ventral tegmental area and modulate sexually motivated behavior in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Morishita
- Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Kaito Kobayashi
- Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Moeri Mitsuzuka
- Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Ryo Takagi
- Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Kota Ono
- Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Rami Momma
- Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Yousuke Tsuneoka
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, Tokyo 43-8540, Japan
| | - Shuhei Horio
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Shinji Tsukahara
- Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
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Ammari R, Monaca F, Cao M, Nassar E, Wai P, Del Grosso NA, Lee M, Borak N, Schneider-Luftman D, Kohl J. Hormone-mediated neural remodeling orchestrates parenting onset during pregnancy. Science 2023; 382:76-81. [PMID: 37797007 PMCID: PMC7615220 DOI: 10.1126/science.adi0576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
During pregnancy, physiological adaptations prepare the female body for the challenges of motherhood. Becoming a parent also requires behavioral adaptations. Such adaptations can occur as early as during pregnancy, but how pregnancy hormones remodel parenting circuits to instruct preparatory behavioral changes remains unknown. We found that action of estradiol and progesterone on galanin (Gal)-expressing neurons in the mouse medial preoptic area (MPOA) is critical for pregnancy-induced parental behavior. Whereas estradiol silences MPOAGal neurons and paradoxically increases their excitability, progesterone permanently rewires this circuit node by promoting dendritic spine formation and recruitment of excitatory synaptic inputs. This MPOAGal-specific neural remodeling sparsens population activity in vivo and results in persistently stronger, more selective responses to pup stimuli. Pregnancy hormones thus remodel parenting circuits in anticipation of future behavioral need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachida Ammari
- State-dependent Neural Processing Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Rd, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Francesco Monaca
- State-dependent Neural Processing Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Rd, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Mingran Cao
- State-dependent Neural Processing Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Rd, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Estelle Nassar
- State-dependent Neural Processing Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Rd, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Patty Wai
- State-dependent Neural Processing Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Rd, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Nicholas A. Del Grosso
- State-dependent Neural Processing Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Rd, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Matthew Lee
- State-dependent Neural Processing Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Rd, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Neven Borak
- State-dependent Neural Processing Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Rd, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Deborah Schneider-Luftman
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Science Technology Platform, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Rd, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Johannes Kohl
- State-dependent Neural Processing Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Rd, London NW1 1AT, UK
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Tao C, Zhang GW, Huang JJ, Li Z, Tao HW, Zhang LI. The medial preoptic area mediates depressive-like behaviors induced by ovarian hormone withdrawal through distinct GABAergic projections. Nat Neurosci 2023; 26:1529-1540. [PMID: 37524978 PMCID: PMC11037266 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-023-01397-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Fluctuations in reproductive hormone levels are associated with mood disruptions in women, such as in postpartum and perimenopausal depression. However, the neural circuit mechanisms remain unclear. Here we report that medial preoptic area (MPOA) GABAergic neurons mediate multifaceted depressive-like behaviors in female mice after ovarian hormone withdrawal (HW), which can be attributed to downregulation of activity in Esr1 (estrogen receptor-1)-expressing GABAergic neurons. Enhancing activity of these neurons ameliorates depressive-like behaviors in HW-treated mice, whereas reducing their activity results in expression of these behaviors. Two separate subpopulations mediate different symptoms: a subpopulation projecting to the ventral tegmental area (VTA) mediates anhedonia and another projecting to the periaqueductal gray mediates immobility. These projections enhance activity of dopaminergic neurons in the VTA and serotonergic neurons in the dorsal raphe, respectively, with increased release of dopamine and serotonin, possibly through disinhibition mechanisms. Thus, the MPOA is a hub that mediates depressive-like behaviors resulting from transitions in reproductive hormone levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Tao
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Guang-Wei Zhang
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Junxiang J Huang
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Graduate Programs in Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Zhong Li
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Huizhong W Tao
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Center for Neural Circuits and Sensory Processing Disorders, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Li I Zhang
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Center for Neural Circuits and Sensory Processing Disorders, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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6
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Martz JR, Vasquez A, Dominguez JM. Sex Steroid Hormone Receptor Content of Medial Preoptic Efferents to the Ventral Tegmental Area Is Sexually Dimorphic: Implications for Sex Differences in Mesolimbic Reward Processing. Neuroendocrinology 2023; 113:1154-1166. [PMID: 37429264 PMCID: PMC10776825 DOI: 10.1159/000531821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The medial preoptic area (mPOA) is an important regulator of natural and drug-induced reward. However, despite the mPOA being implicated in sexually dimorphic reward responses, sex differences in medial preoptic efferents to the ventral tegmental area (VTA) have not been fully investigated. METHODS Two cohorts of male and female rats received unilateral injections of the tract-tracer Fluoro-Gold (FLG) into the VTA. Immunohistochemical staining was used to quantify co-labeled FLG-positive neurons with γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), estrogen receptor α (ERα), and androgen receptors (AR). RESULTS Results revealed a pattern of VTA innervation that was comparable between males and females; more efferents emerged from the rostrocentral portions of the mPOA than caudal portions. Results also indicated that males and females had the same percentage of GABAergic mPOA-VTA projections. Differences emerged when investigating the hormone receptor profile of projections to the VTA, where females had a greater percentage of efferents expressing ERα and males had a greater percentage of efferents expressing AR, in the central portion of the mPOA. Lastly, FLG-positive cells were colocalized with GABA and ERα in cohort 1 and GABA and AR in cohort 2. The majority of AR-expressing cells colocalized with GABAergic efferents to the VTA, but only a portion of ERα-expressing cells colocalized with GABAergic efferents to the VTA. CONCLUSION Results indicate that sex differences are present in the sex-steroid hormone receptor content of mPOA-VTA projections, particularly among efferents arising from the central region of the mPOA. These sexually dimorphic connections may influence a wide range of sex differences in reward responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia R. Martz
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin TX, USA
- Waggoner Center for Alcohol & Addiction Research, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin TX, USA
| | - Adriana Vasquez
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin TX, USA
| | - Juan M. Dominguez
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin TX, USA
- Waggoner Center for Alcohol & Addiction Research, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin TX, USA
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin TX, USA
- Institute for Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin TX, USA
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Deem JD, Phan BA, Ogimoto K, Cheng A, Bryan CL, Scarlett JM, Schwartz MW, Morton GJ. Warm Responsive Neurons in the Hypothalamic Preoptic Area are Potent Regulators of Glucose Homeostasis in Male Mice. Endocrinology 2023; 164:bqad074. [PMID: 37279930 PMCID: PMC10653198 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqad074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
When mammals are exposed to a warm environment, overheating is prevented by activation of "warm-responsive" neurons (WRNs) in the hypothalamic preoptic area (POA) that reduce thermogenesis while promoting heat dissipation. Heat exposure also impairs glucose tolerance, but whether this also results from activation of POA WRNs is unknown. To address this question, we sought in the current work to determine if glucose intolerance induced by heat exposure can be attributed to activation of a specific subset of WRNs that express pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (ie, POAPacap neurons). We report that when mice are exposed to an ambient temperature sufficiently warm to activate POAPacap neurons, the expected reduction of energy expenditure is associated with glucose intolerance, and that these responses are recapitulated by chemogenetic POAPacap neuron activation. Because heat-induced glucose intolerance was not blocked by chemogenetic inhibition of POAPacap neurons, we conclude that POAPacap neuron activation is sufficient, but not required, to explain the impairment of glucose tolerance elicited by heat exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer D Deem
- Department of Medicine, UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Bao Anh Phan
- Department of Medicine, UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Kayoko Ogimoto
- Department of Medicine, UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Alice Cheng
- Department of Medicine, UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Caeley L Bryan
- Department of Medicine, UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Jarrad M Scarlett
- Department of Medicine, UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA 98145, USA
| | - Michael W Schwartz
- Department of Medicine, UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Gregory J Morton
- Department of Medicine, UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
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Mei L, Yan R, Yin L, Sullivan RM, Lin D. Antagonistic circuits mediating infanticide and maternal care in female mice. Nature 2023; 618:1006-1016. [PMID: 37286598 PMCID: PMC10648307 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06147-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In many species, including mice, female animals show markedly different pup-directed behaviours based on their reproductive state1,2. Naive wild female mice often kill pups, while lactating female mice are dedicated to pup caring3,4. The neural mechanisms that mediate infanticide and its switch to maternal behaviours during motherhood remain unclear. Here, on the basis of the hypothesis that maternal and infanticidal behaviours are supported by distinct and competing neural circuits5,6, we use the medial preoptic area (MPOA), a key site for maternal behaviours7-11, as a starting point and identify three MPOA-connected brain regions that drive differential negative pup-directed behaviours. Functional manipulation and in vivo recording reveal that oestrogen receptor α (ESR1)-expressing cells in the principal nucleus of the bed nucleus of stria terminalis (BNSTprESR1) are necessary, sufficient and naturally activated during infanticide in female mice. MPOAESR1 and BNSTprESR1 neurons form reciprocal inhibition to control the balance between positive and negative infant-directed behaviours. During motherhood, MPOAESR1 and BNSTprESR1 cells change their excitability in opposite directions, supporting a marked switch of female behaviours towards the young.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Mei
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Rongzhen Yan
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Luping Yin
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Regina M Sullivan
- Emotional Brain Institute, Nathan Kline Institute, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dayu Lin
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY, USA.
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Prokofeva K, Saito YC, Niwa Y, Mizuno S, Takahashi S, Hirano A, Sakurai T. Structure and Function of Neuronal Circuits Linking Ventrolateral Preoptic Nucleus and Lateral Hypothalamic Area. J Neurosci 2023; 43:4075-4092. [PMID: 37117013 PMCID: PMC10255079 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1913-22.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
To understand how sleep-wakefulness cycles are regulated, it is essential to disentangle structural and functional relationships between the preoptic area (POA) and lateral hypothalamic area (LHA), since these regions play important yet opposing roles in the sleep-wakefulness regulation. GABA- and galanin (GAL)-producing neurons in the ventrolateral preoptic nucleus (VLPO) of the POA (VLPOGABA and VLPOGAL neurons) are responsible for the maintenance of sleep, while the LHA contains orexin-producing neurons (orexin neurons) that are crucial for maintenance of wakefulness. Through the use of rabies virus-mediated neural tracing combined with in situ hybridization (ISH) in male and female orexin-iCre mice, we revealed that the vesicular GABA transporter (Vgat, Slc32a1)- and galanin (Gal)-expressing neurons in the VLPO directly synapse with orexin neurons in the LHA. A majority (56.3 ± 8.1%) of all VLPO input neurons connecting to orexin neurons were double-positive for Vgat and Gal Using projection-specific rabies virus-mediated tracing in male and female Vgat-ires-Cre and Gal-Cre mice, we discovered that VLPOGABA and VLPOGAL neurons that send projections to the LHA received innervations from similarly distributed input neurons in many brain regions, with the POA and LHA being among the main upstream areas. Additionally, we found that acute optogenetic excitation of axons of VLPOGABA neurons, but not VLPOGAL neurons, in the LHA of male Vgat-ires-Cre mice induced wakefulness. This study deciphers the connectivity between the VLPO and LHA, provides a large-scale map of upstream neuronal populations of VLPO→LHA neurons, and reveals a previously uncovered function of the VLPOGABA→LHA pathway in the regulation of sleep and wakefulness.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT We identified neurons in the ventrolateral preoptic nucleus (VLPO) that are positive for vesicular GABA transporter (Vgat) and/or galanin (Gal) and serve as presynaptic partners of orexin-producing neurons in the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA). We depicted monosynaptic input neurons of GABA- and galanin-producing neurons in the VLPO that send projections to the LHA throughout the entire brain. Their input neurons largely overlap, suggesting that they comprise a common neuronal population. However, acute excitatory optogenetic manipulation of the VLPOGABA→LHA pathway, but not the VLPOGAL→LHA pathway, evoked wakefulness. This study shows the connectivity of major components of the sleep/wake circuitry in the hypothalamus and unveils a previously unrecognized function of the VLPOGABA→LHA pathway in sleep-wakefulness regulation. Furthermore, we suggest the existence of subpopulations of VLPOGABA neurons that innervate LHA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kseniia Prokofeva
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yuki C Saito
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Niwa
- Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Seiya Mizuno
- Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Satoru Takahashi
- Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Arisa Hirano
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
- Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Takeshi Sakurai
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
- Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
- Life Science Center for Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
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10
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Hook C, Puche AC. Bulbar projecting subcortical GABAergic neurons send collateral branches extensively and selectively to primary olfactory cortical regions. J Comp Neurol 2023; 531:451-460. [PMID: 36463397 PMCID: PMC9795336 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Circuit operations of the olfactory bulb are modulated by higher order projections from multiple regions, many of which are themselves targets of bulbar output. Multiple glutamatergic regions project to the olfactory bulb, including the anterior olfactory nucleus (AON), prefrontal cortex (PFC), piriform cortex (PC), entorhinal cortex (EC), and tenia tecta (TT). In contrast, only one region provides GABAergic projections to the bulb. These GABA neurons are located in the horizontal limb of the diagonal band of Broca extending posteriorly through the magnocellular preoptic nucleus to the nucleus of the lateral olfactory bulb. However, it was unclear whether bulbar projecting GABAergic neurons collaterallize projecting to other brain regions. To address this, we mapped collateral projections from bulbar projecting GABAergic neurons using intersectional strategies of viral and traditional tract tracers. This approach revealed bulbar projecting GABAergic neurons show remarkable specificity targeting other primary olfactory cortical regions exhibiting abundant collateral projections into the accessory olfactory bulb, AON, PFC, PC, and TT. The only "nonolfactory" region receiving collateral projections was sparse connectivity to the medial prefrontal orbital cortex. This suggests that basal forebrain inhibitory feedback also modulates glutamatergic feedback areas that are themselves prominent bulbar projection regions. Thus, inhibitory feedback may be simultaneously modulating both synaptic processing of olfactory information in the bulb and associational processing of olfactory information from primary olfactory cortex. We hypothesize that these olfactory GABAergic feedback neurons are a regulator of the entire olfactory system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea Hook
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Adam C Puche
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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11
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Fan S, Cheng X, Zhang P, Wang Y, Wang L, Cheng J. The α 2 Adrenoceptor Agonist and Sedative/Anaesthetic Dexmedetomidine Excites Diverse Neuronal Types in the Ventrolateral Preoptic Area of Male Mice. ASN Neuro 2023; 15:17590914231191016. [PMID: 37499170 PMCID: PMC10388635 DOI: 10.1177/17590914231191016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
SUMMARY STATEMENT Dexmedetomidine is an important ICU sedative. The mechanism of dexmedetomidine is not fully understood. Activating NA(-) and NA(+) neurons in the VLPO by dexmedetomidine using polysomnography and electrophysiological recording, this may explain the unique sedative properties with rapid arousal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumei Fan
- Department of Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xinqi Cheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Pingping Zhang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yuanyin Wang
- School of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Liecheng Wang
- Department of Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Juan Cheng
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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12
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Luo M, Fei X, Liu X, Jin Z, Wang Y, Xu M. Divergent Neural Activity in the VLPO During Anesthesia and Sleep. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2023; 10:e2203395. [PMID: 36461756 PMCID: PMC9839870 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202203395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The invention of general anesthesia (GA) represents a significant advance in modern clinical practices. However, the exact mechanisms of GA are not entirely understood. Because of the multitude of similarities between GA and sleep, one intriguing hypothesis is that anesthesia may engage the sleep-wake regulation circuits. Here, using fiber photometry and micro-endoscopic imaging of Ca2+ signals at both population and single-cell levels, it investigates how various anesthetics modulate the neural activity in the ventrolateral preoptic nucleus (vLPO), a brain region essential for the initiation of sleep. It is found that different anesthetics primarily induced suppression of neural activity and tended to recruit a similar group of vLPO neurons; however, each anesthetic caused comparable modulations of both wake-active and sleep-active neurons. These results demonstrate that anesthesia creates a different state of neural activity in the vLPO than during natural sleep, suggesting that anesthesia may not engage the same vLPO circuits for sleep generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqiang Luo
- Department of AnesthesiologyHuashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai200040China
| | - Xiang Fei
- Institute of NeuroscienceState Key Laboratory of NeuroscienceCenter for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200031China
| | - Xiaotong Liu
- Institute of NeuroscienceState Key Laboratory of NeuroscienceCenter for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200031China
| | - Zikang Jin
- Institute of NeuroscienceState Key Laboratory of NeuroscienceCenter for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200031China
| | - Yingwei Wang
- Department of AnesthesiologyHuashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai200040China
| | - Min Xu
- Institute of NeuroscienceState Key Laboratory of NeuroscienceCenter for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200031China
- Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain‐Inspired Intelligence TechnologyShanghai201210China
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13
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Smiley KO, Brown RSE, Grattan DR. Prolactin Action Is Necessary for Parental Behavior in Male Mice. J Neurosci 2022; 42:8308-8327. [PMID: 36163141 PMCID: PMC9653282 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0558-22.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Parental care is critical for successful reproduction in mammals. Recent work has implicated the hormone prolactin in regulating male parental behavior, similar to its established role in females. Male laboratory mice show a mating-induced suppression of infanticide (normally observed in virgins) and onset of paternal behavior 2 weeks after mating. Using this model, we sought to investigate how prolactin acts in the forebrain to regulate paternal behavior. First, using c-fos immunoreactivity in prolactin receptor (Prlr) Prlr-IRES-Cre-tdtomato reporter mouse sires, we show that the circuitry activated during paternal interactions contains prolactin-responsive neurons in multiple sites, including the medial preoptic nucleus, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, and medial amygdala. Next, we deleted Prlr from three prominent cell types found in these regions: glutamatergic, GABAergic, and CaMKIIα. Prlr deletion from CaMKIIα, but not glutamatergic or GABAergic cells, had a profound effect on paternal behavior as none of these KO males completed the pup-retrieval task. Prolactin was increased during mating, but not in response to pups, suggesting that the mating-induced secretion of prolactin is important for establishing the switch from infanticidal to paternal behavior. Pharmacological blockade of prolactin secretion at mating, however, had no effect on paternal behavior. In contrast, suppressing prolactin secretion at the time of pup exposure resulted in failure to retrieve pups, with exogenous prolactin administration rescuing this behavior. Together, our data show that paternal behavior in sires is dependent on basal levels of circulating prolactin acting at the time of interaction with pups, mediated through Prlr on CaMKIIα-expressing neurons.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Parental care is critical for offspring survival. Compared with maternal care, however, the neurobiology of paternal care is less well understood. Here we show that the hormone prolactin, which is most well known for its female-specific role in lactation, has a role in the male brain to promote paternal behavior. In the absence of prolactin signaling specifically during interactions with pups, father mice fail to show normal retrieval behavior of pups. These data demonstrate that prolactin has a similar action in both males and females to promote parental care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina O Smiley
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9016, New Zealand
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9016, New Zealand
| | - Rosemary S E Brown
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9016, New Zealand
- Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9016, New Zealand
| | - David R Grattan
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9016, New Zealand
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9016, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
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14
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Teng S, Zhen F, Wang L, Schalchli JC, Simko J, Chen X, Jin H, Makinson CD, Peng Y. Control of non-REM sleep by ventrolateral medulla glutamatergic neurons projecting to the preoptic area. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4748. [PMID: 35961989 PMCID: PMC9374761 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32461-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the neural mechanisms underlying sleep state transitions is a fundamental goal of neurobiology and important for the development of new treatments for insomnia and other sleep disorders. Yet, brain circuits controlling this process remain poorly understood. Here we identify a population of sleep-active glutamatergic neurons in the ventrolateral medulla (VLM) that project to the preoptic area (POA), a prominent sleep-promoting region, in mice. Microendoscopic calcium imaging demonstrate that these VLM glutamatergic neurons display increased activity during the transitions from wakefulness to Non-Rapid Eye Movement (NREM) sleep. Chemogenetic silencing of POA-projecting VLM neurons suppresses NREM sleep, whereas chemogenetic activation of these neurons promotes NREM sleep. Moreover, we show that optogenetic activation of VLM glutamatergic neurons or their projections in the POA initiates NREM sleep in awake mice. Together, our findings uncover an excitatory brainstem-hypothalamic circuit that controls the wake-sleep transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasa Teng
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Fenghua Zhen
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Li Wang
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Jose Canovas Schalchli
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Jane Simko
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Neurology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Xinyue Chen
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Hao Jin
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Christopher D Makinson
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Neurology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Yueqing Peng
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
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15
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Zhuravleva Z, Titova N, Mukhina I, Druzin M. Choosing the Optimal Rat Stock as a Model for Research into Pharmacological Correction of Male Sexual Dysfunction. Sovrem Tekhnologii Med 2021; 13:36-41. [PMID: 35265357 PMCID: PMC8858404 DOI: 10.17691/stm2021.13.6.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Z.D. Zhuravleva
- Assistant, Department of Physiology and Anatomy, Institute of Biology and Biomedicine; National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhni Novgorod, 23 Prospekt Gagarina, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950, Russia
- Corresponding author: Zoya D. Zhuravleva, e-mail:
| | - N.A. Titova
- PhD Student, Department of Neurotechnologies; National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhni Novgorod, 23 Prospekt Gagarina, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950, Russia
| | - I.V. Mukhina
- Professor, Director of the Institute of Fundamental Medicine; Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Square, Nizhny Novgorod, 603005, Russia; Head of the Department of Normal Physiology named after N.Y. Belenkov; Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Square, Nizhny Novgorod, 603005, Russia
| | - M.Ya. Druzin
- Docent, Department of Integrative Medical Biology; Umeå Universitet, 901 87, Umea, Sweden
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16
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Yamagata T, Kahn MC, Prius-Mengual J, Meijer E, Šabanović M, Guillaumin MCC, van der Vinne V, Huang YG, McKillop LE, Jagannath A, Peirson SN, Mann EO, Foster RG, Vyazovskiy VV. The hypothalamic link between arousal and sleep homeostasis in mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2101580118. [PMID: 34903646 PMCID: PMC8713782 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2101580118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep and wakefulness are not simple, homogenous all-or-none states but represent a spectrum of substates, distinguished by behavior, levels of arousal, and brain activity at the local and global levels. Until now, the role of the hypothalamic circuitry in sleep-wake control was studied primarily with respect to its contribution to rapid state transitions. In contrast, whether the hypothalamus modulates within-state dynamics (state "quality") and the functional significance thereof remains unexplored. Here, we show that photoactivation of inhibitory neurons in the lateral preoptic area (LPO) of the hypothalamus of adult male and female laboratory mice does not merely trigger awakening from sleep, but the resulting awake state is also characterized by an activated electroencephalogram (EEG) pattern, suggesting increased levels of arousal. This was associated with a faster build-up of sleep pressure, as reflected in higher EEG slow-wave activity (SWA) during subsequent sleep. In contrast, photoinhibition of inhibitory LPO neurons did not result in changes in vigilance states but was associated with persistently increased EEG SWA during spontaneous sleep. These findings suggest a role of the LPO in regulating arousal levels, which we propose as a key variable shaping the daily architecture of sleep-wake states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Yamagata
- Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, United Kingdom
| | - Martin C Kahn
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, United Kingdom
| | - José Prius-Mengual
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, United Kingdom
| | - Elise Meijer
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, United Kingdom
| | - Merima Šabanović
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX2 6GG, United Kingdom
| | - Mathilde C C Guillaumin
- Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, United Kingdom
| | - Vincent van der Vinne
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, United Kingdom
| | - Yi-Ge Huang
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, United Kingdom
| | - Laura E McKillop
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, United Kingdom
| | - Aarti Jagannath
- Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart N Peirson
- Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, United Kingdom
| | - Edward O Mann
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, United Kingdom
| | - Russell G Foster
- Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, United Kingdom;
| | - Vladyslav V Vyazovskiy
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, United Kingdom;
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17
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Yang S, Tan YL, Wu X, Wang J, Sun J, Liu A, Gan L, Shen B, Zhang X, Fu Y, Huang J. An mPOA-ARC AgRP pathway modulates cold-evoked eating behavior. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109502. [PMID: 34380037 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhanced appetite occurs as a means of behavioral thermoregulation at low temperature. Neural circuitry mediating this crosstalk between behavioral thermoregulation and energy homeostasis remains to be elucidated. We find that the hypothalamic orexigenic agouti-related neuropeptide (AgRP) neurons in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) are profoundly activated by cold exposure. The calcium signals in ARCAgRP neurons display an immediate-response pattern in response to cold stimulation. Cold-responsive neurons in the medial preoptic area (mPOA) make excitatory synapses onto ARCAgRP neurons. Inhibition of either ARCAgRP neurons or ARC-projecting mPOA neurons attenuates cold-evoked feeding, while activation of the mPOA-to-ARC projection increases food intake. These findings reveal an mPOA-ARCAgRP neural pathway that modulates cold-evoked feeding behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Yang
- Center for Brain Science of Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China; Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yu Lin Tan
- Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, 11 Biopolis Way, Singapore 138667, Singapore
| | - Xiaohua Wu
- Center for Brain Science of Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China; Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Jingjie Wang
- Center for Brain Science of Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China; Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Jingjing Sun
- Center for Brain Science of Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China; Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Anqi Liu
- Center for Brain Science of Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China; Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Linhua Gan
- Center for Brain Science of Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China; Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Bo Shen
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Xiaocui Zhang
- Core Facility of Basic Medical Sciences, Basic Medicine Faculty of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yu Fu
- Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, 11 Biopolis Way, Singapore 138667, Singapore
| | - Ju Huang
- Center for Brain Science of Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China; Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; Shanghai Research Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Shanghai 201210, China.
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18
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Chen J, Markowitz JE, Lilascharoen V, Taylor S, Sheurpukdi P, Keller JA, Jensen JR, Lim BK, Datta SR, Stowers L. Flexible scaling and persistence of social vocal communication. Nature 2021; 593:108-113. [PMID: 33790464 PMCID: PMC9153763 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03403-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Innate vocal sounds such as laughing, screaming or crying convey one's feelings to others. In many species, including humans, scaling the amplitude and duration of vocalizations is essential for effective social communication1-3. In mice, female scent triggers male mice to emit innate courtship ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs)4,5. However, whether mice flexibly scale their vocalizations and how neural circuits are structured to generate flexibility remain largely unknown. Here we identify mouse neurons from the lateral preoptic area (LPOA) that express oestrogen receptor 1 (LPOAESR1 neurons) and, when activated, elicit the complete repertoire of USV syllables emitted during natural courtship. Neural anatomy and functional data reveal a two-step, di-synaptic circuit motif in which primary long-range inhibitory LPOAESR1 neurons relieve a clamp of local periaqueductal grey (PAG) inhibition, enabling excitatory PAG USV-gating neurons to trigger vocalizations. We find that social context shapes a wide range of USV amplitudes and bout durations. This variability is absent when PAG neurons are stimulated directly; PAG-evoked vocalizations are time-locked to neural activity and stereotypically loud. By contrast, increasing the activity of LPOAESR1 neurons scales the amplitude of vocalizations, and delaying the recovery of the inhibition clamp prolongs USV bouts. Thus, the LPOA disinhibition motif contributes to flexible loudness and the duration and persistence of bouts, which are key aspects of effective vocal social communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Chen
- Department of Neuroscience, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Varoth Lilascharoen
- Biological Sciences Graduate Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sandra Taylor
- Department of Neuroscience, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Pete Sheurpukdi
- Department of Neuroscience, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jason A Keller
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA
| | | | - Byung Kook Lim
- Neurobiology Section, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Lisa Stowers
- Department of Neuroscience, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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19
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Butler JM, Herath EM, Rimal A, Whitlow SM, Maruska KP. Galanin neuron activation in feeding, parental care, and infanticide in a mouthbrooding African cichlid fish. Horm Behav 2020; 126:104870. [PMID: 33002455 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2020.104870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Galanin is a conserved neuropeptide involved in parental care and feeding. While galanin is known to mediate parental care and infanticide in rodents, its role in parental care and feeding behaviors in other taxa, particularly fishes, remains poorly understood. Mouthbrooding is an extreme form of parental care common in fishes in which caregivers carry offspring in their buccal cavity for the duration of development, resulting in obligatory starvation. In the cichlid fish Astatotilapia burtoni, females brood their young for ~2 wks and perform maternal care after release by collecting them into their mouth when threatened. However, females will cannibalize their brood after ~5 days. To examine the role of gal in feeding and maternal care, we collected mouthbrooding, fed, and starved females, as well as those displaying post-release maternal care and infanticide behaviors. Activation of gal neurons in the preoptic area (POA) was associated with parental care, providing the first link between gal and offspring-promoting behaviors in fishes. In contrast, activation of gal neurons in the lateral tuberal nucleus (NLT), the Arcuate homolog, was associated with feeding and infanticide. Overall, these data suggest gal is functionally conserved across vertebrate taxa with POA gal neurons promoting maternal care and Arc/NLT gal neurons promoting feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie M Butler
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, United States of America.
| | - Erandi M Herath
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, United States of America
| | - Arohan Rimal
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, United States of America
| | - Sarah M Whitlow
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, United States of America
| | - Karen P Maruska
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, United States of America
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20
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Imbe H, Kimura A. Significance of medial preoptic area among the subcortical and cortical areas that are related to pain regulation in the rats with stress-induced hyperalgesia. Brain Res 2020; 1735:146758. [PMID: 32135148 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.146758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Psychophysical stresses frequently increase sensitivity and response to pain, which is termed stress-induced hyperalgesia (SIH). However, the mechanism remains unknown. The subcortical areas such as medial preoptic area (MPO), dorsomedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (DMH), basolateral (BLA) and central nuclei of the amygdala (CeA), and the cortical areas such as insular (IC) and anterior cingulate cortices (ACC) play an important role in pain control via the descending pain modulatory system. In the present study we examined the expression of phosphorylated -cAMP-response element binding protein (pCREB) and the acetylation of histone H3 in these subcortical and cortical areas after repeated restraint stress to reveal changes in the subcortical and cortical areas that affect the function of descending pain modulatory system in the rats with SIH. The repeated restraint stress for 3 weeks induced a decrease in mechanical threshold in the rat hindpaw, an increase in the expression of pCREB in the MPO and an increase in the acetylation of histone H3 in the MPO, BLA and IC. The MPO was the only area that showed an increase in both the expression of pCREB and the acetylation of histone H3 among these examined areas after the repeated restraint stress. Furthermore, the number of pCREB-IR or acetylated histone H3-IR cells in the MPO was negatively correlated with the mechanical threshold. Together, our data represent the importance of the MPO among the subcortical and cortical areas that control descending pain modulatory system under the condition of SIH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Imbe
- Department of Physiology, Wakayama Medical University, Kimiidera 811-1, Wakayama City 641-8509, Japan.
| | - Akihisa Kimura
- Department of Physiology, Wakayama Medical University, Kimiidera 811-1, Wakayama City 641-8509, Japan
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Sato K, Hamasaki Y, Fukui K, Ito K, Miyamichi K, Minami M, Amano T. Amygdalohippocampal Area Neurons That Project to the Preoptic Area Mediate Infant-Directed Attack in Male Mice. J Neurosci 2020; 40:3981-3994. [PMID: 32284340 PMCID: PMC7219291 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0438-19.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Male animals may show alternative behaviors toward infants: attack or parenting. These behaviors are triggered by pup stimuli under the influence of the internal state, including the hormonal environment and/or social experiences. Converging data suggest that the medial preoptic area (MPOA) contributes to the behavioral selection toward the pup. However, the neural mechanisms underlying how integrated stimuli affect the MPOA-dependent behavioral selection remain unclear. Here we focus on the amygdalohippocampal area (AHi) that projects to MPOA and expresses oxytocin receptor, a hormone receptor mediating social behavior toward pups. We describe the activation of MPOA-projection AHi neurons in male mice by social contact with pups. Input mapping using the TRIO method reveals that MPOA-projection AHi neurons receive prominent inputs from several regions, including the thalamus, hypothalamus, and olfactory cortex. Electrophysiological and histologic analysis demonstrates that oxytocin modulates inhibitory synaptic responses on MPOA-projection AHi neurons. In addition, AHi forms the excitatory monosynapse to MPOA, and pharmacological activation of MPOA-projection AHi neurons enhances only aggressive behavior, but not parental behavior. Interestingly, this promoted behavior was related to social experience in male mice. Collectively, our results identified a presynaptic partner of MPOA that can integrate sensory input and hormonal state, and trigger pup-directed aggression.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The medial preoptic area (MPOA) plays critical roles in parental behavior, such as motor control, motivation, and social interaction. The MPOA projects to multiple brain regions, and these projections contribute to several neural controls in parental behavior. In contrast, how inputs to MPOA are regulated by social and environmental information is poorly understood. In this study, we focus on the amygdalohippocampal area (AHi) that connects to MPOA and expresses oxytocin receptor. We demonstrate the disruption of the expression of parental behavior triggered by the activation of MPOA-projection AHi neurons. This behavior may be regulated not only by oxytocin but also by neural input from several regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiichiro Sato
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Yumi Hamasaki
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Kiyoshiro Fukui
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Kazuki Ito
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Kazunari Miyamichi
- RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi 332-0012, Japan
| | - Masabumi Minami
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Taiju Amano
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
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Abstract
The lateral hypothalamus (LH) includes several anatomical subregions involved in eating and reward motivation. This study explored localization of function across different LH subregions in controlling food intake stimulated by optogenetic channelrhodopsin excitation, and in supporting laser self-stimulation. We particularly compared the tuberal LH subregion, the posterior LH subregion, and the lateral preoptic area. Local diameters of tissue optogenetically stimulated within the LH were assessed by measuring laser-induced Fos plumes and Jun plumes via immunofluorescence surrounding optic fiber tips. Those plume diameters were used to map localization of function for behavioral effects elicited by LH optogenetic stimulation. Optogenetic stimulation of the tuberal subsection of the LH produced the most robust eating behavior and food intake initially, but produced only mild laser self-stimulation in the same rats. However, after repeated exposures to optogenetic stimulation, tuberal LH behavioral profiles shifted toward more self-stimulation and less food intake. By contrast, stimulation of the lateral preoptic area produced relatively little food intake or self-stimulation, either initially or after extended stimulation experience. Stimulation in the posterior LH subregion supported moderate self-stimulation, but not food intake, and at higher laser intensity shifted valence to evoke escape behaviors. We conclude that the tuberal LH subregion may best mediate stimulation-bound increases in food intake stimulated by optogenetic excitation. However, incentive motivational effects of tuberal LH stimulation may shift toward self-stimulation behavior after repeated stimulation. By contrast, the lateral preoptic area and posterior LH do not as readily elicit either eating behavior or laser self-stimulation, and may be more prone to higher-intensity aversive effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin R. Urstadt
- Psychology Dept., University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Kent C. Berridge
- Psychology Dept., University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
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Pose S, Zuluaga MJ, Ferreño M, Agrati D, Bedó G, Uriarte N. Raising overlapping litters: Differential activation of rat maternal neural circuitry after interacting with newborn or juvenile pups. J Neuroendocrinol 2019; 31:e12701. [PMID: 30784145 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The maternal behaviour of a rat dynamically changes during the postpartum period, adjusting to the characteristics and physiological needs of the pups. This adaptation has been attributed to functional modifications in the maternal circuitry. Maternal behaviour can also flexibly adapt according to different litter compositions. Thus, mothers with two overlapping litters can concurrently take care of neonate and juvenile pups, mostly directing their attention to the newborns. We hypothesised that the maternal circuitry of these mothers would show a differential activation pattern after interacting with pups depending on the developmental stage of their offspring. Thus, we evaluated the activation of several areas of the maternal circuitry in mothers of overlapping litters, using c-Fos immunoreactivity as a marker of neuronal activation, after interacting with newborns or juveniles. The results showed that mothers with overlapping litters display different behavioural responses towards their newborn and their juvenile pups. Interestingly, these behavioural displays co-occurred with specific patterns of activation of the maternal neural circuitry. Thus, a similar expression of c-Fos was observed in some key brain areas of mothers that interacted with newborns or juveniles, such as the medial preoptic area and the nucleus accumbens, whereas a differential activation was quantified in the ventral region of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, the infralimbic and prelimbic subregions of the medial prefrontal cortex and the basolateral and medial nuclei of the amygdala. We posit that the specific profile of activation of the neural circuitry controlling maternal behaviour in mothers with overlapping litters enables dams to respond adequately to the newborn and the juvenile pups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Pose
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias, Sección Biomatemática, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - María José Zuluaga
- PDU Biofisicoquímica, Centro Universitario Regional Norte - Sede Salto, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Marcela Ferreño
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias, Sección Biomatemática, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Daniella Agrati
- Sección Fisiología y Nutrición, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Gabriela Bedó
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Natalia Uriarte
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias, Sección Biomatemática, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
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Caba M, Melo AI, Fleming A, Meza E. Maternal care activates the ventral tegmental area but not dopaminergic cells in the rat. J Neuroendocrinol 2019; 31:e12713. [PMID: 30912179 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The ventral tegmental area (VTA), together with the preoptic area, is part of a neural circuit necessary for the expression of maternal behaviour (MB); destruction of either area disrupts MB in postpartum rats. Central to the proposal of VTA activation are dopaminergic cells, for which the cell bodies lie in the VTA and project to forebrain structures. This mesolimbic system is a motivational circuit involved in rewarding behaviours such as sex and MB. Despite their recognised importance, surprisingly, unlike the preoptic area, there are no anatomical descriptions of the pattern of VTA activation or of the dopaminergic cell activation, specifically in relation to MB in the rat. In the present study, we explore the possible activation (as indicated by Fos protein via immunohistochemistry) of the anterior and medial portions of the VTA and in the dopaminergic cells in these regions, as well as in the medial preoptic area, in lactating rats, at postpartum day 7 (after a 12-hour mother/pups separation), and in dioestrous females. After 12 hours, mothers were perfused at that moment or after a 90 minutes of interaction, or not, with their pups. We found a strong significant Fos induction in both the preoptic area and in the anterior portion of VTA in dams that interacted with their pups. The number of dopaminergic cells that coexpressed Fos did not differ across groups. Additionally, we determined Fos and GABA colocalisation in the anterior part of the VTA and found dense GABAergic processes, possibly varicosities, in the area of increased Fos expression. The results of the present study support a proposed GABAergic pathway from medial preoptic area to VTA cells, critical for the expression of MB. Future experiments are warranted to explore the neurochemical identity of the Fos and no-Fos expressing cells that are recipients of GABAergic processes in the VTA, aiming to better understand the neural circuitry of the VTA in relation to MB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Caba
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, México
| | - Angel I Melo
- Centro de Investigación en Reproducción Animal, CINVESTAV-Laboratorio Tlaxcala, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, México
| | | | - Enrique Meza
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, México
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Porteous R, Herbison AE. Genetic Deletion of Esr1 in the Mouse Preoptic Area Disrupts the LH Surge and Estrous Cyclicity. Endocrinology 2019; 160:1821-1829. [PMID: 31145462 DOI: 10.1210/en.2019-00284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen receptor α (ESR1) is critical for the generation of the preovulatory LH surge. Experiments in rodents have indicated a role for neurons located in the anteroventral periventricular area and preoptic periventricular nucleus [termed the rostral periventricular area of the third ventricle (RP3V)] in surge generation. In the current study, we aimed to examine whether ESR1 expressed by RP3V neurons was necessary for the LH surge. The estrous cycles of mice with estrogen receptor α (Esr1) exon 3 flanked by LoxP sites (Esr1 flox) and controls were monitored before and after bilateral stereotactic injection of adeno-associated virus encoding Cre recombinase into the RP3V. This resulted in 84% and 72% decreases in ESR1-immunoreactive cell numbers in the anteroventral periventricular area and preoptic periventricular nucleus, respectively, with no changes in the arcuate nucleus. Beginning three weeks after the adeno-associated virus injection, Esr1 flox mice began to show a loss of estrous cyclicity going, primarily, into constant estrus. Wild-type mice and Esr1 flox mice with injections outside the RP3V or unilateral ablations of ESR1 continued to exhibit normal estrous cycles. Mice were then gonadectomized and given an estradiol replacement regimen to generate the LH surge. This resulted in an absence of cFOS expression in GnRH neurons (1 ± 1% vs 28 ± 4% of GnRH neurons; P < 0.01) and markedly reduced LH surge levels (2.5 ± 0.6 vs 9.1 ± 1.0 ng/mL; P < 0.01) in Esr1 flox mice compared with controls. These results demonstrate that neurons expressing ESR1 within the RP3V are critical for the generation of the LH surge and estrous cyclicity in the mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Porteous
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Allan E Herbison
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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26
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Abstract
Maternal behavior is a defining characteristic of mammals, which is regulated by a core, conserved neural circuit. However, mothering behavior is not always a default response to infant conspecifics. For example, initial fearful, fragmented or aggressive responses toward infants in laboratory rats and mice can give way to highly motivated and organized caregiving behaviors following appropriate hormone exposure or repeated experience with infants. Therefore hormonal and/or experiential factors must be involved in determining the extent to which infants access central approach and avoidance neural systems. In this review we describe evidence supporting the idea that infant conspecifics are capable of activating distinct neural pathways to elicit avoidant, aggressive and parental responses from adult rodents. Additionally, we discuss the hypothesis that alterations in transcriptional regulation within the medial preoptic area of the hypothalamus may be a key mechanism of neural plasticity involved in programming the differential sensitivity of these neural pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle S Stolzenberg
- University of California, Davis, Department of Psychology, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, United States.
| | - Heather S Mayer
- University of California, Davis, Department of Psychology, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, United States
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Dodd LD, Nowak E, Lange D, Parker CG, DeAngelis R, Gonzalez JA, Rhodes JS. Active feminization of the preoptic area occurs independently of the gonads in Amphiprion ocellaris. Horm Behav 2019; 112:65-76. [PMID: 30959023 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Sex differences in the anatomy and physiology of the vertebrate preoptic area (POA) arise during development, and influence sex-specific reproductive functions later in life. Relative to masculinization, mechanisms for feminization of the POA are not well understood. The purpose of this study was to induce sex change from male to female in the anemonefish Amphiprion ocellaris, and track the timing of changes in POA cytoarchitecture, composition of the gonads and circulating sex steroid levels. Reproductive males were paired together and then sampled after 3 weeks, 6 months, 1 year and 3 years. Results show that as males change sex into females, number of medium cells in the anterior POA (parvocellular region) approximately double to female levels over the course of several months to 1 year. Feminization of gonads, and plasma sex steroids occur independently, on a variable timescale, up to years after POA sex change has completed. Findings suggest the process of POA feminization is orchestrated by factors originating from within the brain as opposed to being cued from the gonads, consistent with the dominant hypothesis in mammals. Anemonefish provide an opportunity to explore active mechanisms responsible for female brain development in an individual with male gonads and circulating sex steroid levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Logan D Dodd
- Department of Psychology, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana, Champaign, 405 N. Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Ewelina Nowak
- Department of Psychology, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana, Champaign, 405 N. Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Dominica Lange
- Department of Psychology, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana, Champaign, 405 N. Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Coltan G Parker
- Department of Psychology, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana, Champaign, 405 N. Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Ross DeAngelis
- Department of Psychology, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana, Champaign, 405 N. Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Jose A Gonzalez
- Department of Psychology, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana, Champaign, 405 N. Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Justin S Rhodes
- Department of Psychology, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana, Champaign, 405 N. Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
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28
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Conceição EPS, Madden CJ, Morrison SF. Neurons in the rat ventral lateral preoptic area are essential for the warm-evoked inhibition of brown adipose tissue and shivering thermogenesis. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2019; 225:e13213. [PMID: 30365209 PMCID: PMC6686665 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AIM To determine the role of neurons in the ventral part of the lateral preoptic area (vLPO) in CNS thermoregulation. METHODS In vivo electrophysiological and neuropharmacological were used to evaluate the contribution of neurons in the vLPO to the regulation of brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis and muscle shivering in urethane/chloralose-anaesthetized rats. RESULTS Nanoinjections of NMDA targeting the medial preoptic area (MPA) and the vLPO suppressed the cold-evoked BAT sympathetic activity (SNA), reduced the BAT temperature (TBAT ), expired CO2 , mean arterial pressure (MAP), and heart rate. Inhibition of vLPO neurons with muscimol or AP5/CNQX elicited increases in BAT SNA, TBAT , tachycardia, and small elevations in MAP. The BAT thermogenesis evoked by AP5/CNQX in vLPO was inhibited by the activation of MPA neurons. The inhibition of BAT SNA by vLPO neurons does not require a GABAergic input to dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH), but MPA provides a GABAergic input to DMH. The activation of vLPO neurons inhibits the BAT thermogenesis evoked by NMDA in the rostral raphe pallidus (rRPa), but not that after bicuculline in rRPa. The BAT thermogenesis elicited by vLPO inhibition is dependent on glutamatergic inputs to DMH and rRPa, but these excitatory inputs do not arise from MnPO neurons. The activation of neurons in the vLPO also inhibits cold- and prostaglandin-evoked muscle shivering, and vLPO inhibition is sufficient to evoke shivering. CONCLUSION The vLPO contains neurons that are required for the warm ambient-evoked inhibition of muscle shivering and of BAT thermogenesis, mediated through a direct or indirect GABAergic input to rRPa from vLPO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen P S Conceição
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Christopher J Madden
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Shaun F Morrison
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
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Marciante AB, Wang LA, Farmer GE, Cunningham JT. Selectively Inhibiting the Median Preoptic Nucleus Attenuates Angiotensin II and Hyperosmotic-Induced Drinking Behavior and Vasopressin Release in Adult Male Rats. eNeuro 2019; 6:ENEURO.0473-18.2019. [PMID: 30923740 PMCID: PMC6437658 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0473-18.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The median preoptic nucleus (MnPO) is a putative integrative region that contributes to body fluid balance. Activation of the MnPO can influence thirst, but it is not clear how these responses are linked to body fluid homeostasis. We used designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADDs) to determine the role of the MnPO in drinking behavior and vasopressin release in response to peripheral angiotensin II (ANG II) or 3% hypertonic saline (3% HTN) in adult male Sprague Dawley rats (250-300 g). Rats were anesthetized with isoflurane and stereotaxically injected with an inhibitory DREADD (rAAV5-CaMKIIa-hM4D(Gi)-mCherry) or control (rAAV5-CaMKIIa-mCherry) virus in the MnPO. After two weeks' recovery, a subset of rats was used for extracellular recordings to verify functional effects of ANG II or hyperosmotic challenges in MnPO slice preparations. Remaining rats were used in drinking behavior studies. Each rat was administered either 10 mg/kg of exogenous clozapine-N-oxide (CNO) to inhibit DREADD-expressing cells or vehicle intraperitoneal followed by a test treatment with either 2-mg/kg ANG II or 3% HTN (1 ml/100-g bw, s.c.), twice per week for two separate treatment weeks. CNO-induced inhibition during either test treatment significantly attenuated drinking responses compared to vehicle treatments and controls. Brain tissue processed for cFos immunohistochemistry showed decreased expression with CNO-induced inhibition during either test treatment in the MnPO and downstream nuclei compared to controls. CNO-mediated inhibition significantly attenuated treatment-induced increases in plasma vasopressin compared to controls. The results indicate inhibition of CaMKIIa-expressing MnPO neurons significantly reduces drinking and vasopressin release in response to ANG II or hyperosmotic challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandria B Marciante
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107
| | - Lei A Wang
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107
| | - George E Farmer
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107
| | - J Thomas Cunningham
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107
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30
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Aggarwal S, Tang C, Sing K, Kim HW, Millar RP, Tello JA. Medial Amygdala Kiss1 Neurons Mediate Female Pheromone Stimulation of Luteinizing Hormone in Male Mice. Neuroendocrinology 2019; 108:172-189. [PMID: 30537700 PMCID: PMC6518874 DOI: 10.1159/000496106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS The medial amygdala (MeA) responds to olfactory stimuli and alters reproductive physiology. However, the neuronal circuit that relays signals from the MeA to the reproductive axis remains poorly defined. This study aimed to test whether MeA kisspeptin (MeAKiss) neurons in male mice are sensitive to sexually relevant olfactory stimuli and transmit signals to alter reproductive physiology. We also investigated whether MeAKiss neurons have the capacity to elaborate glutamate and GABA neurotransmitters and potentially contribute to reproductive axis regulation. METHODS Using female urine as a pheromone stimulus, MeAKiss neuronal activity was analysed and serum luteinizing hormone (LH) was measured in male mice. Next, using a chemogenetic approach, MeAKiss neurons were bi-directionally modulated to measure the effect on serum LH and evaluate the activation of the preoptic area. Lastly, using in situ hybridization, we identified the proportion of MeAKiss neurons that express markers for GABAergic (Vgat) and glutamatergic (Vglut2) neurotransmission. RESULTS Male mice exposed to female urine showed a two-fold increase in the number of c-Fos-positive MeAKiss neurons concomitant with raised LH. Chemogenetic activation of MeAKiss neurons significantly increased LH in the absence of urine exposure, whereas inhibition of MeAKiss neurons did not alter LH. In situ hybridization revealed that MeAKiss neurons are a mixed neuronal population in which 71% express Vgat mRNA, 29% express Vglut2 mRNA, and 6% express both. CONCLUSIONS Our results uncover, for the first time, that MeAKiss neurons process sexually relevant olfactory signals to influence reproductive hormone levels in male mice, likely through a complex interplay of neuropeptide and neurotransmitter signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanya Aggarwal
- School of Medicine, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, United Kingdom
| | - Celion Tang
- School of Medicine, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, United Kingdom
| | - Kristen Sing
- School of Medicine, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, United Kingdom
| | - Hyun Wook Kim
- School of Medicine, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, United Kingdom
| | - Robert P Millar
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology, Department of Physiology and Department of Immunology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Javier A Tello
- School of Medicine, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, United Kingdom,
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31
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Bilanishvili I, Barbakadze M, Khizanishvili N, Gaikharashvili T, Nanobashvili Z. INTERACTION BETWEEN THE THALAMIC NUCLEUS AND PREOPTIC AREA NEURONS. Georgian Med News 2018:116-119. [PMID: 30702083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The thalamic reticular nucleus which is known to delineate the dorsal thalamus stipulates development of inhibitory processes in the thalamo-cortical neurons that is necessary for generating slow (8-12 Hz), high-amplitude electric activity in this system. It was demonstrated that majority of preoptic area neurons get activated during slow-wave sleep. Activation of neurons in the anterior hypothalamus and preoptic area during slow-wave sleep and synchronization of the brain electric activity was demonstrated. The study was aimed at clarifying the relationship between the thalamic reticular nucleus and the preoptic area neurons. Under acute conditions experiments were carried out on mature cats. It was shown that blockade of preoptic area neuron activity during mesencephalic reticular formation stimulation and the fact that on the background of mesencephalic reticular formation stimulation thalamic reticular nucleus stimulation elicited preoptic area neurons activation must be in part stipulated by the fact that thalamic reticular nucleus activation leads to suppression of mesencephalic reticular formation neuron activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Bilanishvili
- I. Beritashvili Center of Experimental Biomedicine, Tbilisi; P. Shotadze Tbilisi Medical Academy; Caucasus International University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - M Barbakadze
- I. Beritashvili Center of Experimental Biomedicine, Tbilisi; P. Shotadze Tbilisi Medical Academy; Caucasus International University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - N Khizanishvili
- I. Beritashvili Center of Experimental Biomedicine, Tbilisi; P. Shotadze Tbilisi Medical Academy; Caucasus International University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - T Gaikharashvili
- I. Beritashvili Center of Experimental Biomedicine, Tbilisi; P. Shotadze Tbilisi Medical Academy; Caucasus International University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Z Nanobashvili
- I. Beritashvili Center of Experimental Biomedicine, Tbilisi; P. Shotadze Tbilisi Medical Academy; Caucasus International University, Tbilisi, Georgia
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Moffitt JR, Bambah-Mukku D, Eichhorn SW, Vaughn E, Shekhar K, Perez JD, Rubinstein ND, Hao J, Regev A, Dulac C, Zhuang X. Molecular, spatial, and functional single-cell profiling of the hypothalamic preoptic region. Science 2018; 362:eaau5324. [PMID: 30385464 PMCID: PMC6482113 DOI: 10.1126/science.aau5324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 583] [Impact Index Per Article: 97.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The hypothalamus controls essential social behaviors and homeostatic functions. However, the cellular architecture of hypothalamic nuclei-including the molecular identity, spatial organization, and function of distinct cell types-is poorly understood. Here, we developed an imaging-based in situ cell-type identification and mapping method and combined it with single-cell RNA-sequencing to create a molecularly annotated and spatially resolved cell atlas of the mouse hypothalamic preoptic region. We profiled ~1 million cells, identified ~70 neuronal populations characterized by distinct neuromodulatory signatures and spatial organizations, and defined specific neuronal populations activated during social behaviors in male and female mice, providing a high-resolution framework for mechanistic investigation of behavior circuits. The approach described opens a new avenue for the construction of cell atlases in diverse tissues and organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey R Moffitt
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Dhananjay Bambah-Mukku
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Stephen W Eichhorn
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Eric Vaughn
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Karthik Shekhar
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Julio D Perez
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Nimrod D Rubinstein
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Junjie Hao
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Aviv Regev
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Koch Institute of Integrative Cancer Biology, Department of Biology, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Catherine Dulac
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
- Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Xiaowei Zhuang
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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33
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Lenz KM, Pickett LA, Wright CL, Davis KT, Joshi A, McCarthy MM. Mast Cells in the Developing Brain Determine Adult Sexual Behavior. J Neurosci 2018; 38:8044-8059. [PMID: 30093566 PMCID: PMC6136154 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1176-18.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Many sex differences in brain and behavior are programmed during development by gonadal hormones, but the cellular mechanisms are incompletely understood. We found that immune-system-derived mast cells are a primary target for the masculinizing hormone estradiol and that mast cells are in turn primary mediators of brain sexual differentiation. Newborn male rats had greater numbers and more activated mast cells in the preoptic area (POA), a brain region essential for male copulatory behavior, than female littermates during the critical period for sexual differentiation. Inhibiting mast cells with a stabilizing agent blunted the masculinization of both POA neuronal and microglial morphology and adult sex behavior, whereas activating mast cells in females, even though fewer in number, induced masculinization. Treatment of newborn females with a masculinizing dose of estradiol increased mast cell number and induced mast cells to release histamine, which then stimulated microglia to release prostaglandins and thereby induced male-typical synaptic patterning. These findings identify a novel non-neuronal origin of brain sex differences and resulting motivated behaviors.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT We found that immune-system-derived mast cells are a primary target for the masculinizing hormone estradiol and that mast cells are in turn primary mediators of brain sexual differentiation. These findings identify a novel non-neuronal origin of brain sex differences and resulting motivated behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn M Lenz
- Department of Psychology,
- Department of Neuroscience, and
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210; and
| | - Lindsay A Pickett
- Department of Pharmacology and
- Program in Neuroscience, The University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Christopher L Wright
- Department of Pharmacology and
- Program in Neuroscience, The University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Katherine T Davis
- Department of Pharmacology and
- Program in Neuroscience, The University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | | | - Margaret M McCarthy
- Department of Pharmacology and
- Program in Neuroscience, The University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
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Naves LM, Marques SM, Mourão AA, Fajemiroye JO, Xavier CH, de Castro CH, Rebelo ACS, Rosa DA, Gomes RM, Colombari E, Pedrino GR. Involvement of median preoptic nucleus and medullary noradrenergic neurons in cardiovascular and sympathetic responses of hemorrhagic rats. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11276. [PMID: 30050041 PMCID: PMC6062576 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29310-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The infusion of hypertonic saline solution (HSS) is known to be beneficial to the treatment of hypovolemic hemorrhage (HH). The central mechanism of HSS-induced cardiovascular and autonomic recovery of animals subjected to HH remains unclear. Hence, the present study evaluated the involvement of median preoptic nucleus (MnPO) and medullary noradrenergic neurons (A1 and A2) in HSS-induced cardiovascular and sympathetic responses in hemorrhagic rats. The wistar rats were subjected to specific lesion of noradrenergic neurons through the nanoinjections of anti-DβH-saporin into caudal ventrolateral medulla (A1 neurons) and nucleus of the solitary tract (A2 neurons). After recovery, mean arterial pressure (MAP) and renal sympathetic nervous activity were recorded. The HH was performed through blood withdrawal until a MAP of 60 mmHg was attained. In sham rats, HSS infusion (3M NaCl) reestablished MAP without change in HH-induced sympathoinhibition. The muscimol (agonist of GABAA receptor) was nanoinjected in MnPO during HH and MnPO inhibition abolished the recovery of MAP and HSS-induced sympathoinhibition. Simultaneous lesions of A1 and A2 abolished MAP restoration and sympathoinhibition after HSS infusion. These results suggest that the recovery of MAP and HSS-induced sympathoinhibition in hemorrhaged rats depend on intact neural projections from A1 and A2 to MnPO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Marques Naves
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Estrada do Campus, s/n, 74690-900, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Stefanne Madalena Marques
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Estrada do Campus, s/n, 74690-900, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Aline Andrade Mourão
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Estrada do Campus, s/n, 74690-900, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | | | - Carlos Henrique Xavier
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Estrada do Campus, s/n, 74690-900, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Carlos Henrique de Castro
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Estrada do Campus, s/n, 74690-900, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Silva Rebelo
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Estrada do Campus, s/n, 74690-900, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Daniel Alves Rosa
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Estrada do Campus, s/n, 74690-900, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Mello Gomes
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Estrada do Campus, s/n, 74690-900, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Colombari
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Patologia, Faculdade de odontologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Rodrigues Pedrino
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Estrada do Campus, s/n, 74690-900, Goiânia, GO, Brazil.
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35
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Subramanian S, Reichard RA, Stevenson HS, Schwartz ZM, Parsley KP, Zahm DS. Lateral preoptic and ventral pallidal roles in locomotion and other movements. Brain Struct Funct 2018; 223:2907-2924. [PMID: 29700637 PMCID: PMC5997555 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-018-1669-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The lateral preoptic area (LPO) and ventral pallidum (VP) are structurally and functionally distinct territories in the subcommissural basal forebrain. It was recently shown that unilateral infusion of the GABAA receptor antagonist, bicuculline, into the LPO strongly invigorates exploratory locomotion, whereas bicuculline infused unilaterally into the VP has a negligible locomotor effect, but when infused bilaterally, produces vigorous, abnormal pivoting and gnawing movements and compulsive ingestion. This study was done to further characterize these responses. We observed that bilateral LPO infusions of bicuculline activate exploratory locomotion only slightly more potently than unilateral infusions and that unilateral and bilateral LPO injections of the GABAA receptor agonist muscimol potently suppress basal locomotion, but only modestly inhibit locomotion invigorated by amphetamine. In contrast, unilateral infusions of muscimol into the VP affect basal and amphetamine-elicited locomotion negligibly, but bilateral VP muscimol infusions profoundly suppress both. Locomotor activation elicited from the LPO by bicuculline was inhibited modestly and profoundly by blockade of dopamine D2 and D1 receptors, respectively, but was not entirely abolished even under combined blockade of dopamine D1 and D2 receptors. That is, infusing the LPO with bic caused instances of near normal, even if sporadic, invigoration of locomotion in the presence of saturating dopamine receptor blockade, indicating that LPO can stimulate locomotion in the absence of dopamine signaling. Pivoting following bilateral VP bicuculline infusions was unaffected by dopamine D2 receptor blockade, but was completely suppressed by D1 receptor blockade. The present results are discussed in a context of neuroanatomical and functional organization underlying exploratory locomotion and adaptive movements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suriya Subramanian
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1402 S. Grand Blvd, Saint Louis, MO, 63104, USA
| | - Rhett A Reichard
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1402 S. Grand Blvd, Saint Louis, MO, 63104, USA
| | - Hunter S Stevenson
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1402 S. Grand Blvd, Saint Louis, MO, 63104, USA
| | - Zachary M Schwartz
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1402 S. Grand Blvd, Saint Louis, MO, 63104, USA
| | - Kenneth P Parsley
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1402 S. Grand Blvd, Saint Louis, MO, 63104, USA
| | - Daniel S Zahm
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1402 S. Grand Blvd, Saint Louis, MO, 63104, USA.
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36
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Pfaff DW, Baum MJ. Hormone-dependent medial preoptic/lumbar spinal cord/autonomic coordination supporting male sexual behaviors. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 467:21-30. [PMID: 29100889 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Testosterone (T) can act directly through neural androgen receptors (AR) to facilitate male sexual behavior; however, T's metabolites also can play complicated and interesting roles in the control of mating. One metabolite, dihydrotestosterone (DHT) binds to AR with significantly greater affinity than that of T. Is that important behaviorally? Another metabolite, estradiol (E), offers a potential alternative route of facilitating male mating behavior by acting through estradiol receptors (ER). In this review we explore the roles and relative importance of T as well as E and DHT at various levels of the neuroaxis for the activation of male sex behavior in common laboratory animals and, when relevant research findings are available, in man.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald W Pfaff
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Behavior, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, United States.
| | - Michael J Baum
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, United States
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37
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Augustine V, Gokce SK, Lee S, Wang B, Davidson TJ, Reimann F, Gribble F, Deisseroth K, Lois C, Oka Y. Hierarchical neural architecture underlying thirst regulation. Nature 2018; 555:204-209. [PMID: 29489747 PMCID: PMC6086126 DOI: 10.1038/nature25488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Neural circuits for appetites are regulated by both homeostatic perturbations and ingestive behaviour. However, the circuit organization that integrates these internal and external stimuli is unclear. Here we show in mice that excitatory neural populations in the lamina terminalis form a hierarchical circuit architecture to regulate thirst. Among them, nitric oxide synthase-expressing neurons in the median preoptic nucleus (MnPO) are essential for the integration of signals from the thirst-driving neurons of the subfornical organ (SFO). Conversely, a distinct inhibitory circuit, involving MnPO GABAergic neurons that express glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP1R), is activated immediately upon drinking and monosynaptically inhibits SFO thirst neurons. These responses are induced by the ingestion of fluids but not solids, and are time-locked to the onset and offset of drinking. Furthermore, loss-of-function manipulations of GLP1R-expressing MnPO neurons lead to a polydipsic, overdrinking phenotype. These neurons therefore facilitate rapid satiety of thirst by monitoring real-time fluid ingestion. Our study reveals dynamic thirst circuits that integrate the homeostatic-instinctive requirement for fluids and the consequent drinking behaviour to maintain internal water balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vineet Augustine
- Computation and Neural Systems, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - Sertan Kutal Gokce
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - Sangjun Lee
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - Bo Wang
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - Thomas J Davidson
- Department of Physiology and Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Frank Reimann
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Fiona Gribble
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Karl Deisseroth
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Carlos Lois
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - Yuki Oka
- Computation and Neural Systems, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
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38
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Nakajo M, Kanda S, Karigo T, Takahashi A, Akazome Y, Uenoyama Y, Kobayashi M, Oka Y. Evolutionally Conserved Function of Kisspeptin Neuronal System Is Nonreproductive Regulation as Revealed by Nonmammalian Study. Endocrinology 2018; 159:163-183. [PMID: 29053844 DOI: 10.1210/en.2017-00808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The kisspeptin neuronal system, which consists of a neuropeptide kisspeptin and its receptor Gpr54, is considered in mammals a key factor of reproductive regulation, the so-called hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. However, in nonmammalian vertebrates, especially in teleosts, existence of kisspeptin regulation on the HPG axis is still controversial. In this study, we applied multidisciplinary techniques to a teleost fish, medaka, and examined possible kisspeptin regulation on the HPG axis. First, we generated knockout medaka for kisspeptin-related genes and found that they show normal fertility, gonadal maturation, and expression of gonadotropins. Moreover, the firing activity of GnRH1 neurons recorded by the patch clamp technique was not altered by kisspeptin application. Furthermore, in goldfish, in vivo kisspeptin administration did not show any positive effect on HPG axis regulation. However, as kisspeptin genes are completely conserved among vertebrates except birds, we surmised that kisspeptin should have some important nonreproductive functions in vertebrates. Therefore, to discover novel functions of kisspeptin, we generated a gpr54-1:enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) transgenic medaka, whose gpr54-1-expressing cells are specifically labeled by EGFP. Analysis of neuronal projection of gpr54-1:EGFP-expressing neurons showed that these neurons in the ventrolateral preoptic area project to the pituitary and are probably involved in endocrine regulation other than gonadotropin release. Furthermore, combination of deep sequencing, histological, and electrophysiological analyses revealed various novel neural systems that are under control of kisspeptin neurons-that is, those expressing neuropeptide Yb, cholecystokinin, isotocin, vasotocin, and neuropeptide B. Thus, our new strategy to genetically label receptor-expressing neurons gives insights into various kisspeptin-dependent neuronal systems that may be conserved in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikoto Nakajo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinji Kanda
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomomi Karigo
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California
| | - Akiko Takahashi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Akazome
- Department of Anatomy, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Uenoyama
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Aichi Japan
| | - Makito Kobayashi
- Department of Life Science, International Christian University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Oka
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Abstract
The preoptic area (POA) of the hypothalamus is involved in many physiological and behavioral processes thanks to its interconnections to many brain areas and ability to respond to diverse humoral factors. One main function of the POA is to manage body temperature homeostasis, e.g. in response to ambient temperature change, which is achieved in part by controlling brown adipose tissue thermogenesis. The POA is also importantly involved in modulating food intake in response to temperature change, thus making it relevant for body weight homeostasis and obesity research. POA function in body weight control is highly unexplored, and a better understanding of POA circuits and their integration into classic hypothalamic circuits that regulate energy homeostasis is expected to provide new opportunities for the scientific basis and treatment of obesity and comorbidities.
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40
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Zheng X, Takatsu S, Ishikawa R, Hasegawa H. Moderate intensity, exercise-induced catecholamine release in the preoptic area and anterior hypothalamus in rats is enhanced in a warm environment. J Therm Biol 2017; 71:123-127. [PMID: 29301680 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Thermoeffector responses and core body temperature (Tcore) homeostasis during exercise are affected by both ambient temperature and exercise intensity. We have previously reported that Tcore, heat loss responses, and catecholamine release in the preoptic area and anterior hypothalamus (PO/AH) increased during incremental treadmill running. However, no previous study has examined whether changes in the thermoregulatory responses at warm ambient temperature are related to catecholamine responses during moderate intensity exercise in rats. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the responsiveness of neurotransmission in the PO/AH to moderate intensity exercise at different ambient temperatures, and to relate this to changes in thermoregulation. We measured the monoamine levels in the PO/AH and the thermoregulatory responses in exercising rats simultaneously using a combination of methods, including in vivo microdialysis, biotelemetry, and animal O2/CO2 metabolism measuring system. On the day of experiments, rats ran for 60min at a speed of 18mmin-1 on a treadmill at a 5% gradient, in an ambient temperature of 23°C or 30°C. Tcore, tail skin temperature (Ttail; an index of heat loss), and oxygen consumption (V̇O2: an index of heat production) were monitored. Dopamine (DA), noradrenaline (NA), and serotonin (5-HT) levels were measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection. Exercise significantly increased the Tcore, Ttail, and V̇O2 values, as well as DA and NA release in the PO/AH at both temperatures, and the increases were more pronounced at the warm ambient temperature. The results suggest that the increase in the Tcore, heat production, and heat loss responses even during moderate intensity running in a warm environment are likely associated with an increase in DA and NA release in the PO/AH region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyan Zheng
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, 188 Hengren Road, Yangpu, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Satomi Takatsu
- Graduate School of Faculty of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-7-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8521, Japan
| | - Ryo Ishikawa
- Graduate School of Faculty of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-7-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8521, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hasegawa
- Graduate School of Faculty of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-7-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8521, Japan.
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41
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Jennings KJ, Chasles M, Cho H, Mikkelsen J, Bentley G, Keller M, Kriegsfeld LJ. The Preoptic Area and the RFamide-Related Peptide Neuronal System Gate Seasonal Changes in Chemosensory Processing. Integr Comp Biol 2017; 57:1055-1065. [PMID: 28985371 PMCID: PMC6251579 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icx099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Males of many species rely on chemosensory information for social communication. In male Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus), as in many species, female chemosignals potently stimulate sexual behavior and a concurrent, rapid increase in circulating luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone (T). However, under winter-like, short-day (SD) photoperiods, when Syrian hamsters are reproductively quiescent, these same female chemosignals fail to elicit behavioral or hormonal responses, even after T replacement. It is currently unknown where in the brain chemosensory processing is gated in a seasonally dependent manner such that reproductive responses are only displayed during the appropriate breeding season. The goal of the present study was to determine where this gating occurred by identifying neural loci that respond differentially to female chemosignals across photoperiods, independent of circulating T concentrations. Adult male Syrian hamsters were housed under either long-day (LD) (reproductively active) or SD (reproductively inactive) photoperiods with half of the SD animals receiving T replacement. Animals were exposed to either female hamster vaginal secretions (FHVSs) diluted in mineral oil or to vehicle, and the activational state of chemosensory processing centers and elements of the neuroendocrine reproductive axis were examined. Components of the chemosensory pathway upstream of hypothalamic centers increased expression of FOS, an indirect marker of neuronal activation, similarly across photoperiods. In contrast, the preoptic area (POA) of the hypothalamus responded to FHVS only in LD animals, consistent with its role in promoting expression of male sexual behavior. Within the neuroendocrine axis, the RF-amide related peptide (RFRP), but not the kisspeptin neuronal system responded to FHVS only in LD animals. Neither response within the POA or the RFRP neuronal system was rescued by T replacement in SD animals, mirroring photoperiodic regulation of reproductive responses. Considering the POA and the RFRP neuronal system promote reproductive behavior and function in male Syrian hamsters, differential activation of these systems represents a potential means by which photoperiod limits expression of reproduction to the appropriate environmental context.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manon Chasles
- Department of Neurology and Neurobiology Research Unit, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hweyryoung Cho
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Jens Mikkelsen
- Department of Neurology and Neurobiology Research Unit, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - George Bentley
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- The Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Matthieu Keller
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, UMR 0085 INRA, Centre Val-de-Loire, Nouzilly F-37380, France
| | - Lance J Kriegsfeld
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- The Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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42
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Turrero García M, Mazzola E, Harwell CC. Lineage Relationships Do Not Drive MGE/PoA-Derived Interneuron Clustering in the Brain. Neuron 2017; 92:52-58. [PMID: 27710790 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2016.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Neocortical excitatory and inhibitory neurons derive from distinct progenitor domains during embryonic development and migrate to their final positions, where they assemble into functional circuits. This process appears to be influenced by lineage relationships among locally born excitatory neurons, raising the intriguing possibility that this might be true for cortical interneurons. Two recent articles by the Fishell laboratory and our own used retrovirus-encoded DNA barcodes as unambiguous lineage-tracing tools to address this question, finding that clonally related inhibitory interneurons dispersed widely across the forebrain (Harwell et al., 2015; Mayer et al., 2015). This Matters Arising Response addresses the Sultan et al. (2016) Matters Arising paper, published concurrently in Neuron, where the authors reanalyze the datasets from both studies and propose a new interpretation, whereby clonally related interneurons would be considered clustered according to specific spatial constraints. After studying the report from Sultan et al. (2016) and carefully revisiting previously published studies, we find no evidence of lineage-dependent MGE/PoA-derived interneuron clustering in the forebrain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emanuele Mazzola
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Corey C Harwell
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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43
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Abbott SBG, Saper CB. Median preoptic glutamatergic neurons promote thermoregulatory heat loss and water consumption in mice. J Physiol 2017; 595:6569-6583. [PMID: 28786483 PMCID: PMC5638873 DOI: 10.1113/jp274667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Glutamatergic neurons in the median preoptic area were stimulated using genetically targeted Channelrhodopsin 2 in transgenic mice. Stimulation of glutamatergic median preoptic area neurons produced a profound hypothermia due to cutaneous vasodilatation. Stimulation also produced drinking behaviour that was inhibited as water was ingested, suggesting pre-systemic feedback gating of drinking. Anatomical mapping of the stimulation sites showed that sites associated with hypothermia were more anteroventral than those associated with drinking, although there was substantial overlap. ABSTRACT The median preoptic nucleus (MnPO) serves an important role in the integration of water/electrolyte homeostasis and thermoregulation, but we have a limited understanding these functions at a cellular level. Using Cre-Lox genetic targeting of Channelrhodospin 2 in VGluT2 transgenic mice, we examined the effect of glutamatergic MnPO neuron stimulation in freely behaving mice while monitoring drinking behaviour and core temperature. Stimulation produced a strong hypothermic response in 62% (13/21) of mice (core temperature: -4.6 ± 0.5°C, P = 0.001 vs. controls) caused by cutaneous vasodilatation. Stimulating glutamatergic MnPO neurons also produced robust drinking behaviour in 82% (18/22) of mice. Mice that drank during stimulation consumed 912 ± 163 μl (n = 8) during a 20 min trial in the dark phase, but markedly less during the light phase (421 ± 83 μl, P = 0.0025). Also, drinking during stimulation was inhibited as water was ingested, suggesting pre-systemic feedback gating of drinking. Both hypothermia and drinking during stimulation occurred in 50% of mice tested. Anatomical mapping of the stimulation sites showed that sites associated with hypothermia were more anteroventral than those associated with drinking, although there was substantial overlap. Thus, activation of separate but overlapping populations of glutamatergic MnPO neurons produces effects on drinking and autonomic thermoregulatory mechanisms, providing a structural basis for their frequently being coordinated (e.g. during hyperthermia).
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen B. G. Abbott
- Department of NeurologyBeth Israel‐Deaconess Medical Center ‐ Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
- The Heart Research InstituteSydneyAustralia
| | - Clifford B. Saper
- Department of NeurologyBeth Israel‐Deaconess Medical Center ‐ Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
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44
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Horrell ND, Perea-Rodriguez JP, Harris BN, Saltzman W. Effects of repeated pup exposure on behavioral, neural, and adrenocortical responses to pups in male California mice (Peromyscus californicus). Horm Behav 2017; 90:56-63. [PMID: 28232065 PMCID: PMC5410176 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2017.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 02/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In biparental mammals, the factors facilitating the onset of male parental behavior are not well understood. While hormonal changes in fathers may play a role, prior experience with pups has also been implicated. We evaluated effects of prior exposure to pups on paternal responsiveness in the biparental California mouse (Peromyscus californicus). We analyzed behavioral, neural, and corticosterone responses to pups in adult virgin males that were interacting with a pup for the first time, adult virgin males that had been exposed to pups 3 times for 20min each in the previous week, and new fathers. Control groups of virgins were similarly tested with a novel object (marble). Previous exposure to pups decreased virgins' latency to approach pups and initiate paternal care, and increased time spent in paternal care. Responses to pups did not differ between virgins with repeated exposure to pups and new fathers. In contrast, repeated exposure to a marble had no effects. Neither basal corticosterone levels nor corticosterone levels following acute pup or marble exposure differed among groups. Finally, Fos expression in the medial preoptic area, ventral and dorsal bed nucleus of the stria terminalis was higher following exposure to a pup than to a marble. Fos expression was not, however, affected by previous exposure to these stimuli. These results suggest that previous experience with pups can facilitate the onset of parental behavior in male California mice, similar to findings in female rodents, and that this effect is not associated with a general reduction in neophobia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan D Horrell
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of California, Riverside, United States; Department of Biology, University of California, Riverside, United States
| | - Juan P Perea-Rodriguez
- Department of Biology, University of California, Riverside, United States; Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, United States
| | - Breanna N Harris
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, United States
| | - Wendy Saltzman
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of California, Riverside, United States; Department of Biology, University of California, Riverside, United States; Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, United States.
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45
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Duarte JO, Gomes KS, Nunes-de-Souza RL, Crestani CC. Role of the lateral preoptic area in cardiovascular and neuroendocrine responses to acute restraint stress in rats. Physiol Behav 2017; 175:16-21. [PMID: 28342768 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Revised: 02/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The lateral preoptic area (LPO) is connected with limbic structures involved in physiological and behavioral responses to stress. Accordingly, exposure to stressors stimuli activates neurons within the LPO. In spite of these evidence, an involvement of the LPO on cardiovascular and neuroendocrine adjustments during aversive threats has not yet been investigated. Therefore, in the present study we tested the hypothesis that the LPO is involved in the control of cardiovascular and neuroendocrine responses to acute restraint stress in rats. Bilateral microinjection of the nonselective synaptic blocker CoCl2 (0.1nmol/100nl) into the LPO did not affect basal values of either arterial pressure, heart rate, tail skin temperature, or plasma corticosterone concentration. However, LPO treatment with CoCl2 enhanced the tachycardiac response and the increase in plasma corticosterone concentration caused by restraint stress. Conversely, LPO synaptic blockade decreased restraint-evoked pressor response. Sympathetic-mediated cutaneous vasoconstriction during restraint stress was not affected by LPO pharmacological treatment. These findings indicate an inhibitory influence of LPO on tachycardiac and plasma corticosterone responses evoked during aversive threats. Additionally, data suggest that LPO plays a facilitatory influence on stress-evoked pressor response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josiane O Duarte
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, SP, Brazil; Joint UFSCar-UNESP Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Karina S Gomes
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Ricardo L Nunes-de-Souza
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, SP, Brazil; Joint UFSCar-UNESP Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos C Crestani
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, SP, Brazil; Joint UFSCar-UNESP Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
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46
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Weitekamp CA, Hofmann HA. Neuromolecular correlates of cooperation and conflict during territory defense in a cichlid fish. Horm Behav 2017; 89:145-156. [PMID: 28108326 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Cooperative behavior is widespread among animals, yet the neural mechanisms have not been studied in detail. We examined cooperative territory defense behavior and associated neural activity in candidate forebrain regions in the cichlid fish, Astatotilapia burtoni. We find that a territorial male neighbor will engage in territory defense dependent on the perceived threat of the intruder. The resident male, on the other hand, engages in defense based on the size and behavior of his partner, the neighbor. In the neighbor, we find that an index of engagement correlates with neural activity in the putative homolog of the mammalian basolateral amygdala and in the preoptic area, as well as in preoptic dopaminergic neurons. In the resident, neighbor behavior is correlated with neural activity in the homolog of the mammalian hippocampus. Overall, we find distinct neural activity patterns between the neighbor and the resident, suggesting that an individual perceives and processes an intruder challenge differently during cooperative territory defense depending on its own behavioral role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea A Weitekamp
- Department of Integrative Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78705, USA
| | - Hans A Hofmann
- Department of Integrative Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78705, USA; Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78705, USA; Institute for Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78705, USA.
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47
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Gómora-Arrati P, Dominguez G, Ågmo A. GABA Receptors in the Medial Preoptic Area Modulate the Onset of Oestradiol-Induced Maternal Behaviour in Hysterectomised-Ovariectomised, Pregnant Rats. J Neuroendocrinol 2016; 28. [PMID: 27631525 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We studied the participation of GABA neurotransmission in the medial preoptic area (mPOA) with respect to the onset of the pup retrieval response and nest building. Pregnant female rats were implanted with bilateral cannulae in the mPOA on day 12 of pregnancy and, on day 16, the females were hysterectomised and ovariectomised and given 200 μg/kg of oestradiol benzoate. Two days later, the females received one of the following intracerebral drug treatments: GABAB agonist baclofen (200 ng); GABAB antagonist phaclofen (1 μg); GABAA antagonist bicuculline (60 ng); or physiological saline. Five minutes after intracerebral infusion, three foster pups were introduced into the females' home cage. The subjects were observed for pup grouping (retrieval) during 15 min, after which the pups were left with the female. During the next 12 h, an observation was made every 1 h to determine whether the pups had been grouped (retrieved) or not. The GABAB agonist baclofen reduced the proportion of females retrieving pups from 4 to 8 h following pup introduction. By contrast, both the GABAA antagonist bicuculline and the GABAB antagonist phaclofen enhanced the proportion of females retrieving pups during the first 3 h of observation. The latency to pup retrieval in subjects treated with the GABAB agonist baclofen was significantly longer than that in subjects given any of the antagonists. All females built a nest but baclofen reduced nest quality. These data show that activation of GABAB receptors in the mPOA has an inhibitory effect on basic maternal behaviours, whereas blockade of either the GABAA or GABAB receptor facilitates pup retrieval. It is possible that reduced GABAergic tone in the mPOA is a key element in the initiation of maternal behaviours in postparturient rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Gómora-Arrati
- Centro de Investigación en Reproducción Animal, CINVESTAV-UAT, Tlaxcala, Mexico
| | - G Dominguez
- Centro de Investigación en Reproducción Animal, CINVESTAV-UAT, Tlaxcala, Mexico
| | - A Ågmo
- Department of Psychology, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
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48
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Song K, Wang H, Kamm GB, Pohle J, de Castro Reis F, Heppenstall P, Wende H, Siemens J. The TRPM2 channel is a hypothalamic heat sensor that limits fever and can drive hypothermia. Science 2016; 353:1393-1398. [PMID: 27562954 PMCID: PMC7612276 DOI: 10.1126/science.aaf7537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Body temperature homeostasis is critical for survival and requires precise regulation by the nervous system. The hypothalamus serves as the principal thermostat that detects and regulates internal temperature. We demonstrate that the ion channel TRPM2 [of the transient receptor potential (TRP) channel family] is a temperature sensor in a subpopulation of hypothalamic neurons. TRPM2 limits the fever response and may detect increased temperatures to prevent overheating. Furthermore, chemogenetic activation and inhibition of hypothalamic TRPM2-expressing neurons in vivo decreased and increased body temperature, respectively. Such manipulation may allow analysis of the beneficial effects of altered body temperature on diverse disease states. Identification of a functional role for TRP channels in monitoring internal body temperature should promote further analysis of molecular mechanisms governing thermoregulation and foster the genetic dissection of hypothalamic circuits involved with temperature homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Song
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 366, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 366, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gretel B. Kamm
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 366, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jörg Pohle
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 366, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Fernanda de Castro Reis
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Adriano Buzzati-Traverso Campus, Via Ramarini 32, 00016 Monterotondo, Italy
| | - Paul Heppenstall
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Adriano Buzzati-Traverso Campus, Via Ramarini 32, 00016 Monterotondo, Italy
- Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit, EMBL, Meyerhofstraße 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hagen Wende
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 366, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan Siemens
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 366, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit, EMBL, Meyerhofstraße 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
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49
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McInnis CM, Bonthuis PJ, Rissman EF, Park JH. Inheritance of steroid-independent male sexual behavior in male offspring of B6D2F1 mice. Horm Behav 2016; 80:132-138. [PMID: 26940434 PMCID: PMC4818728 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The importance of gonadal steroids in modulating male sexual behavior is well established. Individual differences in male sexual behavior, independent of gonadal steroids, are prevalent across a wide range of species, including man. However, the genetic mechanisms underlying steroid-independent male sexual behavior are poorly understood. A high proportion of B6D2F1 hybrid male mice demonstrates steroid-independent male sexual behavior (identified as "maters"), providing a mouse model that opens up avenues of investigation into the mechanisms regulating male sexual behavior in the absence of gonadal hormones. Recent studies have revealed several proteins that play a significant factor in regulating steroid-independent male sexual behavior in B6D2F1 male mice, including amyloid precursor protein (APP), tau, and synaptophysin. The specific goals of our study were to determine whether steroid-independent male sexual behavior was a heritable trait by determining if it was dependent upon the behavioral phenotype of the B6D2F1 sire, and whether the differential expression of APP, tau, and synaptophysin in the medial preoptic area found in the B6D2F1 sires that did and did not mate after gonadectomy was similar to those found in their male offspring. After adult B6D2F1 male mice were bred with C57BL/6J female mice, they and their male offspring (BXB1) were orchidectomized and identified as either maters or "non-maters". A significant proportion of the BXB1 maters was sired only from B6D2F1 maters, indicating that the steroid-independent male sexual behavior behavioral phenotype of the B6D2F1 hybrid males, when crossed with C57BL/6J female mice, is inherited by their male offspring. Additionally, APP, tau, and synaptophysin were elevated in in the medial preoptic area in both the B6D2F1 and BXB1 maters relative to the B6D2F1 and BXB1 non-maters, respectively, suggesting a potential genetic mechanism for the inheritance of steroid-independent male sexual behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine M McInnis
- Psychology Department, University of Massachusetts, Boston, Boston, MA 02125, United States.
| | - Paul J Bonthuis
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, United States
| | - Emilie F Rissman
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, United States
| | - Jin Ho Park
- Psychology Department, University of Massachusetts, Boston, Boston, MA 02125, United States; Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, United States
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50
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Naulé L, Marie-Luce C, Parmentier C, Martini M, Albac C, Trouillet AC, Keller M, Hardin-Pouzet H, Mhaouty-Kodja S. Revisiting the neural role of estrogen receptor beta in male sexual behavior by conditional mutagenesis. Horm Behav 2016; 80:1-9. [PMID: 26836767 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2016.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Estradiol derived from neural aromatization of gonadal testosterone plays a key role in the perinatal organization of the neural circuitry underlying male sexual behavior. The aim of this study was to investigate the contribution of neural estrogen receptor (ER) β in estradiol-induced effects without interfering with its peripheral functions. For this purpose, male mice lacking ERβ in the nervous system were generated. Analyses of males in two consecutive tests with a time interval of two weeks showed an effect of experience, but not of genotype, on the latencies to the first mount, intromission, pelvic thrusting and ejaculation. Similarly, there was an effect of experience, but not of genotype, on the number of thrusts and mating length. Neural ERβ deletion had no effect on the ability of males to adopt a lordosis posture in response to male mounts, after castration and priming with estradiol and progesterone. Indeed, only low percentages of both genotypes exhibited a low lordosis quotient. It also did not affect their olfactory preference. Quantification of tyrosine hydroxylase- and kisspeptin-immunoreactive neurons in the preoptic area showed unaffected sexual dimorphism of both populations in mutants. By contrast, the number of androgen receptor- and ERα-immunoreactive cells was significantly increased in the bed nucleus of stria terminalis of mutant males. These data show that neural ERβ does not play a crucial role in the organization and activation of the neural circuitry underlying male sexual behavior. These discrepancies with the phenotype of global ERβ knockout models are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydie Naulé
- Neuroscience Paris Seine, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) S1130, Université P. et M. Curie, Paris, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 8246, Université P. et M. Curie, Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, Université P. et M. Curie UM CR18, Université Paris 06, France
| | - Clarisse Marie-Luce
- Neuroscience Paris Seine, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) S1130, Université P. et M. Curie, Paris, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 8246, Université P. et M. Curie, Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, Université P. et M. Curie UM CR18, Université Paris 06, France
| | - Caroline Parmentier
- Neuroscience Paris Seine, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) S1130, Université P. et M. Curie, Paris, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 8246, Université P. et M. Curie, Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, Université P. et M. Curie UM CR18, Université Paris 06, France
| | - Mariangela Martini
- UMR 85, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Nouzilly, France; UMR7247, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Nouzilly, France; Université François Rabelais, Tours, France; Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation, Nouzilly, France
| | - Christelle Albac
- Neuroscience Paris Seine, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) S1130, Université P. et M. Curie, Paris, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 8246, Université P. et M. Curie, Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, Université P. et M. Curie UM CR18, Université Paris 06, France
| | - Anne-Charlotte Trouillet
- Neuroscience Paris Seine, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) S1130, Université P. et M. Curie, Paris, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 8246, Université P. et M. Curie, Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, Université P. et M. Curie UM CR18, Université Paris 06, France
| | - Matthieu Keller
- UMR 85, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Nouzilly, France; UMR7247, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Nouzilly, France; Université François Rabelais, Tours, France; Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation, Nouzilly, France
| | - Hélène Hardin-Pouzet
- Neuroscience Paris Seine, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) S1130, Université P. et M. Curie, Paris, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 8246, Université P. et M. Curie, Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, Université P. et M. Curie UM CR18, Université Paris 06, France
| | - Sakina Mhaouty-Kodja
- Neuroscience Paris Seine, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) S1130, Université P. et M. Curie, Paris, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 8246, Université P. et M. Curie, Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, Université P. et M. Curie UM CR18, Université Paris 06, France.
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