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Imbe H, Kimura A. Significance of medial preoptic area among the subcortical and cortical areas that are related to pain regulation in the rats with stress-induced hyperalgesia. Brain Res 2020; 1735:146758. [PMID: 32135148 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.146758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Psychophysical stresses frequently increase sensitivity and response to pain, which is termed stress-induced hyperalgesia (SIH). However, the mechanism remains unknown. The subcortical areas such as medial preoptic area (MPO), dorsomedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (DMH), basolateral (BLA) and central nuclei of the amygdala (CeA), and the cortical areas such as insular (IC) and anterior cingulate cortices (ACC) play an important role in pain control via the descending pain modulatory system. In the present study we examined the expression of phosphorylated -cAMP-response element binding protein (pCREB) and the acetylation of histone H3 in these subcortical and cortical areas after repeated restraint stress to reveal changes in the subcortical and cortical areas that affect the function of descending pain modulatory system in the rats with SIH. The repeated restraint stress for 3 weeks induced a decrease in mechanical threshold in the rat hindpaw, an increase in the expression of pCREB in the MPO and an increase in the acetylation of histone H3 in the MPO, BLA and IC. The MPO was the only area that showed an increase in both the expression of pCREB and the acetylation of histone H3 among these examined areas after the repeated restraint stress. Furthermore, the number of pCREB-IR or acetylated histone H3-IR cells in the MPO was negatively correlated with the mechanical threshold. Together, our data represent the importance of the MPO among the subcortical and cortical areas that control descending pain modulatory system under the condition of SIH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Imbe
- Department of Physiology, Wakayama Medical University, Kimiidera 811-1, Wakayama City 641-8509, Japan.
| | - Akihisa Kimura
- Department of Physiology, Wakayama Medical University, Kimiidera 811-1, Wakayama City 641-8509, Japan
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Abstract
Objectives: This study evaluated the bioactive composition of tempeh products and examined the effects of tempeh on BV-2 microglial cell cytotoxicity, neurotrophic effects, and expression of inflammatory genes.Methods: Tempeh products included soybean fermented by Rhizopus, soybean fermented through cocultivation with Rhizopus and Lactobacillus, and red bean fermented through cocultivation with Rhizopus and Lactobacillus (RT-C). We analyzed the bioactive contents of tempeh extracts and evaluated the effects of tempeh water extract on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated BV-2 cells.Results: The results showed that RT-C water extract had the highest concentrations of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and anthocyanin. The tempeh water extracts, especially RT-C, reduced the formation of LPS-induced reactive oxygen species, downregulated the levels of nitric oxide synthase and phospho-cyclic-AMP response element-binding protein, and upregulated the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF).Discussion: Our data demonstrate that RT-C has the highest concentrations of GABA and anthocyanin, more effectively reduces oxidative stress and inflammation, and increases the expression of BDNF in LPS-induced BV-2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juen-Haur Hwang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chiayi, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Jing Wu
- Department of Nutritional Health, Chia-Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Po-Long Wu
- Biotech Business Center, Refining and Manufacturing Research Institute, CPC Corporation, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Yong-Yao Shih
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Providence University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Ching Chan
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Providence University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Mohamed SK, Ahmed AAE, El Morsy EM, Nofal S. The protective effect of zeranol in cerebral ischemia reperfusion via p-CREB overexpression. Life Sci 2019; 217:212-221. [PMID: 30550883 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Revised: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Cerebral ischemia reperfusion (I/R) is a neurovascular disease leading to cerebral damage. It was found that postmenopausal women are liable to more dangerous effects than men at same age in stroke. The objective of this study is to investigate the neuroprotective effect of zeranol against cerebral ischemia reperfusion in ovariectomized rats. MAIN METHODS 36 female wistar rats divided in to 3 groups: sham group, I/R group (where I/R was induced 7 weeks after ovariectomy), zeranol group (0.5 mg/kg every 3 days for 5 weeks before I/R). Cerebral ischemia reperfusion (I/R) was performed by bilateral common carotid artery occlusion then de-ligated to restore blood flow. After 24 h of reperfusion, rats performed cylinder test to evaluate behavioral dysfunction followed by decapitation. Brain tissues were collected for biochemical measures such as oxidative stress marker malondialdehyde, antioxidant markers reduced glutathione, inflammatory markers (interleukin-1 beta, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and inducible nitric oxide synthase), matrix metalloproteinase-9, adenosine triphosphate, brain derived neurotrophic factor, glucose transporter-3, phosphorylated c-AMP response element binding protein and finally nissl staining for histopathological examination. KEY FINDINGS The zeranol administered group showed a reversal of neuronal damage caused by ischemia evidenced by the decrease in MDA, IL-1β, TNF-α, and MMP-9 levels, increase GSH, and ATP levels, decrease expression of iNOS in both regions cortex and hippocampus, increase protein level of p-CREB, GLUT-3 and BDNF, increase number of intact neuron cells in both regions and attenuated histological changes in both cortex and hippocampus regions. SIGNIFICANCE Zeranol has neuroprotective potential against cerebral ischemia reperfusion in ovariectomized rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimaa K Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Ein Helwan, Cairo 11795, Egypt
| | - Amany A E Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Ein Helwan, Cairo 11795, Egypt
| | - Engy M El Morsy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Ein Helwan, Cairo 11795, Egypt
| | - Shahira Nofal
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Ein Helwan, Cairo 11795, Egypt.
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Zhang G, Fang H, Li Y, Xu J, Zhang D, Sun Y, Zhou L, Zhang H. Neuroprotective Effect of Astragalus Polysacharin on Streptozotocin (STZ)-Induced Diabetic Rats. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:135-141. [PMID: 30610831 PMCID: PMC6330021 DOI: 10.12659/msm.912213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the recent years, there has been increasing interest in traditional Chinese medicine as a neuroprotective nutrient in the management of chronic neurodegenerative disease, such as diabetic cognitive decline. Astragalus polysacharin (APS), a Chinese herb extract, is a biologically active treatment for neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated the neuroprotective effects of APS (20 mg/kg) on diabetes-induced memory impairments in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats and explored its underlying mechanisms of action. MATERIAL AND METHODS Thirty SD rats were randomly divided into a control group (CON group, n=10), a diabetic model (DM) group (n=10), and an APS group (n=10). We administered 55 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ, Sigma) by intraperitoneal injection to induce a diabetic model. Food and water intake, body weight, and blood fasting plasma glucose (FPG) were measured. The Morris water maze test (MWM) was used to assess learning and memory ability, and we measured levels of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDA), calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), and cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) in the hippocampus. RESULTS APS (20 mg/kg) administration decreased the rats' fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels and body weight. APS (20 mg/kg) administration improved the cognitive performance of diabetes-induced rats in the Morris water maze test. APS (20 mg/kg) administration reduced the number of dead cells in the CA1 region of the hippocampus. Furthermore, APS (20 mg/kg) administration obviously upregulated the phosphorylation levels CREB, NMDA, and CaMK II. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that APS has the neuroprotective effects, and it may be a candidate for treatment of neurodegenerative diseases such as diabetic cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guyue Zhang
- Second Department of Endocrinology, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei, P.R. China
| | - Hui Fang
- Second Department of Endocrinology, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei, P.R. China
| | - Yukai Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Wuhan Puai Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Jing Xu
- Second Department of Endocrinology, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei, P.R. China
| | - Dandan Zhang
- Second Department of Endocrinology, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei, P.R. China
| | - Yanan Sun
- Second Department of Endocrinology, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei, P.R. China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Second Department of Endocrinology, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei, P.R. China
| | - He Zhang
- Second Department of Endocrinology, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei, P.R. China
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Pan B, Huang XF, Deng C. Chronic administration of aripiprazole activates GSK3β-dependent signalling pathways, and up-regulates GABAA receptor expression and CREB1 activity in rats. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30040. [PMID: 27435909 PMCID: PMC4951756 DOI: 10.1038/srep30040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Aripiprazole is a D2-like receptor (D2R) partial agonist with a favourable clinical profile. Previous investigations indicated that acute and short-term administration of aripiprazole had effects on PKA activity, GSK3β-dependent pathways, GABAA receptors, NMDA receptor and CREB1 in the brain. Since antipsychotics are used chronically in clinics, the present study investigated the long-term effects of chronic oral aripiprazole treatment on these cellular signalling pathways, in comparison with haloperidol (a D2R antagonist) and bifeprunox (a potent D2R partial agonist). We found that the Akt-GSK3β pathway was activated by aripiprazole and bifeprunox in the prefrontal cortex; NMDA NR2A levels were reduced by aripiprazole and haloperidol. In the nucleus accumbens, all three drugs increased Akt-GSK3β signalling; in addition, both aripiprazole and haloperidol, but not bifeprunox, increased the expression of Dvl-3, β-catenin and GABAA receptors, NMDA receptor subunits, as well as CREB1 phosphorylation levels. The results suggest that chronic oral administration of aripiprazole affects schizophrenia-related cellular signalling pathways and markers (including Akt-GSK3β signalling, Dvl-GSK3β-β-catenin signalling, GABAA receptor, NMDA receptor and CREB1) in a brain-region-dependent manner; the selective effects of aripiprazole on these signalling pathways might be associated with its unique clinical effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Pan
- Antipsychotic Research Laboratory, Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, 2522, NSW, Australia
- Centre for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, 2522, NSW, Australia
| | - Xu-Feng Huang
- Centre for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, 2522, NSW, Australia
| | - Chao Deng
- Antipsychotic Research Laboratory, Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, 2522, NSW, Australia
- Centre for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, 2522, NSW, Australia
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Li P, Zhang J, Zhu Y, Liu M, Xuan J. Regulation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element binding protein on renin expression in kidney via complex cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element-binding-protein-binding protein/P300 recruitment. Iran J Kidney Dis 2015; 9:440-448. [PMID: 26552350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Renin synthesis and release is the rate-limiting step in the renin-angiotensin system, because cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) has been identified as dominant pathway for renin gene expression, and cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) is found in the human and mouse renin promoter. This study aimed to evaluate the role of CREB in expression of the renin gene. MATERIALS AND METHODS We created conditional deletion of CREB in mice with low-sodium diet, specifically in renin cells of the kidney. To assess the effect of CREB on renin expression, immunostaining of renin was used in samples from wild-type mice and mice with gene knock-down of CREB. Cyclic AMP response element-binding-protein-binding protein (CBP) and p300 were measured in cultured renin cells of the mice, and RNA detection was done with real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS With low-sodium diet, renin was expressed along the whole wall of the afferent glomerular arterioles in wild-type mice, while there was no increase or even decrease in renin expression in CREB-specific deletion mice; RNA level of renin in cultured cells decreased by 50% with single knock-down of CREB, CBP, or p300, and decreased 70% with triple knock-down of CREB, CBP, and p300. CONCLUSIONS This study found that CREB was important for renin synthesis and the role of CREB can be achieved through the recruitment of co-activators CBP and p300.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jin Xuan
- Center of Assisted Reproduction, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.
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Kim JH, Kim GH, Jeong JH, Lee IH, Lee YJ, Lee NS, Jeong YG, Lee JH, Yu KS, Lee SH, Hong SK, Kang SH, Kang BS, Kim DK, Han SY. Neuroprotective effect of estradiol-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles on glutamate-induced excitotoxic neuronal death. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2014; 14:8390-8397. [PMID: 25958534 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2014.9926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Different concentrations of estradiol (E2)-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (E2-PLGA-NPs) were synthesized using the emulsion-diffusion method. Transmission electron microscopy results showed that the average particle size of E2-PLGA-NPs was 98 ± 1.9 nm when stabilized with polyvinyl alcohol and 103 ± 4.9 nm when stabilized with Tween-80. Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy with diamond attenuated total reflectance was used to identify the presence or absence of E2 molecules in PLGA nanocapsules. Cell proliferation was assessed after treating SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells with 1 nM-1 μM of E2 and E2-PLGA-NPs. The neuroprotective efficacy against glutamate-induced excitotoxicity was also investigated in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. Neuroprotection was greater in E2-PLGA-NP-treated cells than in cells treated with the same concentration of E2. Furthermore, E2- and E2-PLGA-NP-treated cells expressed more p-ERK1/2 and p-CREB than cells treated with glutamate only. Moreover, the expression of p-ERK1/2 was higher than that of p-CREB. In this study, p-ERK1/2 had a greater influence on the neuroprotective effect of E2 and E2-PLGA-NPs than p-CREB.
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Zhang JQ, Yao QH, Kuang YQ, Ma Y, Yang LB, Huang HD, Cheng JM, Yang T, Liu EY, Liang L, Fan KX, Zhao K, Xia X, Gu JW. Prognostic value of coexistence of abnormal expression of micro-RNA-200b and cyclic adenosine monophosphate-responsive element-binding protein 1 in human astrocytoma. Hum Pathol 2014; 45:2154-61. [PMID: 25033730 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2014.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Revised: 01/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Our aim was to investigate the expression of micro-RNA-200b (miR-200b) and cAMP-responsive element-binding protein 1 (CREB-1) in astrocytoma and its efficacy for predicting outcome. Both miR-200b and CREB-1 messenger RNA expression was measured in 122 astrocytomas and 30 nonneoplastic brain specimens by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Expression of miR-200b was significantly lower in astrocytoma than in nonneoplastic brain (P < .001), whereas CREB-1 messenger RNA expression was significantly elevated in the tumors (P < .001). Both miR-200b down-regulation and CREB-1 up-regulation were significantly associated with advanced pathologic grade (P = .002 and P = .006, respectively). Low miR-200b expression correlated negatively with Karnofsky performance score (P = .03), and high CREB-1 expression correlated positively with mean tumor diameter (P = .03). By Kaplan-Meier analysis, low miR-200b, high CREB-1, and coexistence of abnormal miR-200b and CREB-1 expression (low miR-200b/high CREB-1) were predictive of shorter progression-free survival and overall survival in both grade III and grade IV astrocytoma. By multivariate analysis, only low miR-200b/high CREB-1 expression was an independent prognostic factor for poor prognosis in astrocytoma of advanced grade. Both miR-200b and CREB-1 may play important cooperative roles in the progression of human astrocytoma. The efficacy of miR-200b and CREB-1 together as a predictor of prognosis in astrocytoma patients is shown for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-qing Zhang
- Department of Oncology, the 264th Hospital of PLA, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Qing-he Yao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baoji Central Hospital, Baoji, 721008, China
| | - Yong-qin Kuang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610083, China
| | - Yuan Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610083, China
| | - Li-bin Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610083, China
| | - Hai-dong Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610083, China
| | - Jing-ming Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610083, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610083, China
| | - En-yu Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610083, China
| | - Liang Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610083, China
| | - Ke-xia Fan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610083, China
| | - Kai Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610083, China
| | - Xun Xia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610083, China
| | - Jian-wen Gu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610083, China.
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Yin T, Li H, Yang N, Gao T, Sun L, Li G. Detection of CREB phosphorylation via Zr (IV) ion mediated signal amplification. Biosens Bioelectron 2013; 56:1-5. [PMID: 24445066 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2013.12.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Revised: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Phosphorylation of protein plays a vital regulatory role in a variety of biological processes. We herein report a novel method to assay the level of phosphorylated cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB) via Zr(4+) mediated signal amplification using gold nanoparticle/DNA/methylene blue (GNP/DNA/MB) nanocomposites. In this method the probe DNA immobilized at a gold electrode surface can specifically and efficiently recognize the phosphorylated target protein CREB. Then Zr(4+) links the phosphorylated CREB with GNP/DNA/MB nanocomposites by coordinating the phosphate groups on both CREB and the nanocomposites. Since the nanocomposites can provide high sensitivity (limit of detection: 0.25 nM) for the detection, efficient and highly sensitive bioanalysis of the expression level of phosphorylated protein CREB in human placenta tissues has also been conducted in this work. Our method is reported which shows acceptable stability, reproducibility for assaying of the protein phosphorylation states in real biosamples under physiological and pathological conditions with great potential for clinical applications in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Yin
- Department of Obstetrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, PR China; Department of Biochemistry and State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Biochemistry and State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China
| | - Nana Yang
- Department of Obstetrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, PR China; Department of Biochemistry and State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China
| | - Tao Gao
- Department of Biochemistry and State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China
| | - Lizhou Sun
- Department of Obstetrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, PR China.
| | - Genxi Li
- Department of Biochemistry and State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China; Laboratory of Biosensing Technology, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China.
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Qui G, Spangler E, Wan R, Miller M, Mattson M, So KF, de Cabo R, Zou S, Ingram D. Neuroprotection provided by dietary restriction in rats is further enhanced by reducing glucocortocoids. Neurobiol Aging 2012; 33:2398-410. [PMID: 22226488 PMCID: PMC3374050 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2011.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2011] [Revised: 10/21/2011] [Accepted: 11/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GC)--corticosterone (CORT) in rodents and cortisol in primates--are stress-induced hormones secreted by adrenal glands that interact with the hypothalamic pituitary axis. High levels of cortisol in humans are observed in neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), as well as in diabetes, post-traumatic stress syndrome, and major depression. Experimental models of diabetes in rats and mice have demonstrated that reduction of CORT reduces learning and memory deficits and attenuates loss of neuronal viability and plasticity. In contrast to the negative associations of elevated GC levels, CORT is moderately elevated in dietary restriction (DR) paradigms which are associated with many healthy anti-aging effects including neuroprotection. We demonstrate here in rats that ablating CORT by adrenalectomy (ADX) with replenishment to relatively low levels (30% below that of controls) prior to the onset of a DR regimen (ADX-DR) followed by central administration of the neurotoxin, kainic acid (KA), significantly attenuates learning deficits in a 14-unit T-maze task. The performance of the ADX-DR KA group did not differ from a control group (CON) that did not receive KA and was fed ad libitum (AL). By contrast, the sham-operated DR (SHAM-DR KA) group, SHAM-AL KA group, and ADX-AL KA group demonstrated poorer learning behavior in this task compared to the CON group. Stereological analysis revealed equivalent DR-induced neuroprotection in the SH-DR KA and ADX-DR KA groups, as measured by cell loss in the CA2/CA3 region of the hippocampus, while substantial cell loss was observed in SH-AL and ADX-AL rats. A separate set of experiments was conducted with similar dietary and surgical treatment conditions but without KA administration to examine markers of neurotrophic activity, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), transcriptions factors (pCREB), and chaperone proteins (HSP-70). Under these conditions, we noted elevations in both BDNF and pCREB in ADX DR rats compared to the other groups; whereas, HSP-70, was equivalently elevated in ADX-DR and SH-DR groups and was higher than observed in both SH-AL and ADX-AL groups. These results support findings that DR protects hippocampal neurons against KA-induced cellular insult. However, this neuroprotective effect was further enhanced in rats with a lower-than control level of CORT resulting from ADX and maintained by exogenous CORT supplementation. Our results then suggest that DR-induced physiological elevation of GC may have negative functional consequences to DR-induced beneficial effects. These negative effects, however, can be compensated by other DR-produced cellular and molecular protective mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Edward Spangler
- Laboratory of Experimental Gerontology, Gerontology Research Center, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD 21043
| | - Ruiqian Wan
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, Gerontology Research Center, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD 210434
| | | | - Mark Mattson
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, Gerontology Research Center, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD 210434
| | - Kwi-fok So
- Department of Anatomy, Li Ka Shing Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Rafael de Cabo
- Laboratory of Experimental Gerontology, Gerontology Research Center, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD 21043
| | - Sige Zou
- Laboratory of Experimental Gerontology, Gerontology Research Center, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD 21043
| | - Donald Ingram
- Correspondence should be sent to Donald K. Ingram at the Nutritional Neuroscience and Aging Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA 70808.
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Barash E, Dinn S, Sevinsky C, Ginty F. Multiplexed analysis of proteins in tissue using multispectral fluorescence imaging. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 2010; 29:1457-1462. [PMID: 20304722 DOI: 10.1109/tmi.2010.2045005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We present a new application of multispectral analysis for subcellular measurement of multiple proteins in formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tissue and cells. Typically, the targets of interest are present in the same or spatially overlapping cellular compartments. Such co-localization can complicate analysis and interpretation of the images obtained using traditional fluorescence, especially when spectrally overlapping labels are present. The spectral properties of currently available fluorescent dyes set an upper limit to the number of molecules that can be detected simultaneously with traditional fluorescence. By exciting a set of fluorophores at the same wavelength and unmixing their emission signals from background autofluorescence, we were able to image three targets in a single channel. This parallel imaging approach provides significant advantages for multiplexed analysis of tissues and cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene Barash
- Applied Optics Laboratory, Global Research Center, General Electric, Niskayuna, NY 12309, USA.
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Wen C, Ma FT, Wan WQ. [Expression of CREB/Bcl-2 in bone marrow mononuclear cells of children with acute leukemia]. Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi 2010; 12:177-180. [PMID: 20350424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the expression and role of cyclic-AMP response binding protein (CREB) and Bcl-2 in children with acute leukemia. METHODS Ninety-two children with acute leukemia (leukemia group) and 30 children with non-hematologic malignancies (control group) were enrolled. The mRNA and protein expression of CREB and Bcl-2 in bone marrow mononuclear cells were measured by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot. RESULTS The mRNA and protein expression of CREB and Bcl-2 in the leukemia group was significantly higher than that in the control group (p<0.01). There were no significant differences in the expression of CREB and Bcl-2 between acute lymphoblastic leukemia and acute myeloid leukemia subgroups. At the initial diagnosis, the mRNA and protein expression of CREB and Bcl-2 in children with extramedullary infiltration was higher than that in children without (p<0.05). In the leukemia group, the mRNA and protein expression of CREB and Bcl-2 in the complete remission subgroup was significantly lower than that in the non-complete remission subgroup (p<0.01). High mRNA expression of CREB and Bcl-2 in the leukemia group was positively correlated with peripheral blood leucocyte counts (r=0.62, 0.71 respectively, p<0.05). There was a positive correlation between mRNA and protein expression of CREB and Bcl-2 (r=0.75, 0.68 respectively; p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The expression of CREB and Bcl-2 may be correlated with the pathogenesis and clinical prognosis of childhood leukemia, however, their expression may not be associated with the classification of acute leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Wen
- Department of Pediatrics, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China.
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Duan DM, Tu Y, Chen LP. [Effects of electroacupuncture at different acupoint groups on behavior activity and p-CREB expression in hippocampus in the rat of depression]. Zhongguo Zhen Jiu 2008; 28:369-373. [PMID: 18652332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To observe therapeutic effects and mechanisms at different acupoint groups for treatment of the depression rat. METHODS Fifty Wistar rats were randomly divided into a normal group, a model group, a body acupoint group, a scalp acupoint group and a Fluoxetine hydrochloride group, 10 cases in each group. Depression rat model was established by using chronic unpredictable mild stress stimulation combined with lonely breeding for 21 days. EA (2 Hz, 1 mA, 20 min) was given at "Taichong" (LR 3), "Neiguan" (PC 6) and "Zusanli" (ST 36) in the body point group and "Baihui" (GV 20), "Yintang" (EX-HN 3), "Sishencong" (EX-HN 1) in the head point group, once daily, and Fluoxetine hydrochloride was given to the Fluoxetine hydrochloride group by intragastric administration, 2 mg/kg, once daily, for 21 days. Body weight of the rat was recorded, and the sucrose-intake test and forced swimming test were conducted one day before the experiment and on the 7th, 14th and 21st day of the experiment, and the open field test was conducted one day before the experiment and on the 21st day. p-CREB expression in the hippocampus of the rats were observed on the 22nd day. RESULTS As compared with the model group, in the head point group and the Fluoxetine group, the crossing and rearing movement times, the relative volume of sucrose-intake and p-CREB expression in the hippocampus increased significantly, and the duration of immovability in forced swimming test shortened significantly (P<0.05). The relative volume of sucrose-intake increased and the duration of immovability in forced swimming test in the body point group significantly shortened (P<0.05), but the crossing and rearing movement times and p-CREB expression in the hippocampus did not insignificantly increase (P>0.05), with no significant differences among the treatment groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSION EA at the head acupoints can improve behavioral activities and increase positive neuron number of p-CREB in the hippocampus of the depression rat, and selection of acupoints is of important role in treatment of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-mei Duan
- Section of TCM and Acupuncture, General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China.
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Cui TX, Kwok R, Schwartz J. Cooperative regulation of endogenous cAMP-response element binding protein and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta in GH-stimulated c-fos expression. J Endocrinol 2008; 196:89-100. [PMID: 18180320 DOI: 10.1677/joe-07-0169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
GH activates the c-fos promoter by regulating multiple transcription factors. This study adds to our understanding of GH-regulated transcription by demonstrating that GH regulates the c-fos cAMP-response element (CRE) and its binding protein, CREB. Activation of the c-fos promoter by GH is impaired by expression of dominant-negative A-CREB. GH stimulates rapid and transient phosphorylation of CREB at Ser 133 (P-CREB), a critical site for transactivation by CREB, in 3T3-F442A preadipocytes. Mutation of this residue impairs GH-induced c-fos expression, suggesting that phosphorylation of CREB at Ser 133 contributes to GH-induced c-fos activation. The MEK inhibitor UO126 impaired the phosphorylation of CREB and that of C/EBPbeta, suggesting that ERKs mediate the phosphorylation of both proteins. UO126, but not the protein kinase A inhibitor H89, blocked GH-induced c-fos mRNA expression. A combination of CREB and C/EBPbeta enhanced c-fos promoter activation, and mutation of the CRE impaired the enhancement, as well as GH-stimulated c-fos activation. GH treatment increased the occupancy of both endogenous phospho-CREB and phospho-C/EBPbeta on the c-fos promoter. The increases were impaired by UO126. The active P-CREB and P-C/EBPbeta are induced by GH to occupy the same c-fos promoter DNA, suggesting that they may participate in a GH-regulated complex on c-fos. These findings suggest that coordinated phosphorylation of CREB and C/EBPbeta in response to GH is mediated by ERK1/2, and that the phosphorylated proteins are part of a regulatory complex that occupies c-fos in vivo to regulate c-fos transcription cooperatively in response to GH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy Xiao Cui
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-0622, USA
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Jalvy S, Renault MA, Leen LLS, Belloc I, Bonnet J, Gadeau AP, Desgranges C. Autocrine expression of osteopontin contributes to PDGF-mediated arterial smooth muscle cell migration. Cardiovasc Res 2007; 75:738-47. [PMID: 17574222 DOI: 10.1016/j.cardiores.2007.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2006] [Revised: 04/27/2007] [Accepted: 05/11/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Migration of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) from the media to the intima of arteries is involved in intimal thickening. The platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) BB is recognized as a major migratory factor for arterial SMCs both in vitro and during neointima formation. Since PDGF acts in synergy with the matrix protein osteopontin (OPN) and also induces its expression, the present study was conceived to explore the role of the OPN produced in an autocrine fashion by PDGF-stimulated SMCs in the migration process and to define regulatory mechanisms of OPN expression. METHODS AND RESULTS PDGF stimulation of quiescent rat aortic SMCs induced their migration (transfilter assays) and the increase of OPN expression (mRNA and protein assays). Blockade of either OPN expression by a specific short interference RNA (siRNA) or of its function by a blocking antibody decreased the PDGF-stimulated migration by about 70%, demonstrating that autocrine production and excretion of OPN are integral to the PDGF-induced SMC migration. In parallel, SMC stimulation by PDGF also activated the transcription factor CREB essentially through mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) 1/2 and protein kinase A (PKA) pathways. Inhibition of either CREB expression (via siRNA) or function (via dominant-negative CREB) decreased both PDGF-induced SMC migration and OPN expression. SMC transfection with OPN promoter reporter constructs demonstrated that PDGF-induced OPN transcription is mediated by CREB binding to two functional sites of the OPN promoter: a CRE site located at -1403 and an AP-1 site located at -76. CONCLUSION The present study demonstrates that the autocrine expression of OPN plays a major role in PDGF-induced SMC migration. It further shows that the transcription factor CREB, activated in PDGF-stimulated SMCs, plays a key role in PDGF-induced SMC migration, probably by regulating OPN expression.
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Vitte J, Fassier C, Tiziano FD, Dalard C, Soave S, Roblot N, Brahe C, Saugier-Veber P, Bonnefont JP, Melki J. Refined characterization of the expression and stability of the SMN gene products. Am J Pathol 2007; 171:1269-80. [PMID: 17717146 PMCID: PMC1988876 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2007.070399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is characterized by degeneration of lower motor neurons and caused by mutations of the SMN1 gene. SMN1 is duplicated in a homologous gene called SMN2, which remains present in patients. SMN has an essential role in RNA metabolism, but its role in SMA pathogenesis remains unknown. Previous studies suggested that in neurons the protein lacking the C terminus (SMN(Delta7)), the major product of the SMN2 gene, had a dominant-negative effect. We generated antibodies specific to SMN(FL) or SMN(Delta7). In transfected cells, the stability of the SMN(Delta7) protein was regulated in a cell-dependent manner. Importantly, whatever the human tissues examined, SMN(Delta7) protein was undetectable because of the instability of the protein, thus excluding a dominant effect of SMN(Delta7) in SMA. A similar decreased level of SMN(FL) was observed in brain and spinal cord samples from human SMA, suggesting that SMN(FL) may have specific targets in motor neurons. Moreover, these data indicate that the vulnerability of motor neurons cannot simply be ascribed to the differential expression or a more dramatic reduction of SMN(FL) in spinal cord when compared with brain tissue. Improving the stability of SMN(Delta7) protein might be envisaged as a new therapeutic strategy in SMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémie Vitte
- Molecular Neurogenetics Laboratory, INSERM U798, Evry and Paris 11 Universities, Evry, France
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Wu D, Zhau HE, Huang WC, Iqbal S, Habib FK, Sartor O, Cvitanovic L, Marshall FF, Xu Z, Chung LWK. cAMP-responsive element-binding protein regulates vascular endothelial growth factor expression: implication in human prostate cancer bone metastasis. Oncogene 2007; 26:5070-7. [PMID: 17310988 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1210316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is associated with human prostate cancer (PCa) metastasis and poor clinical outcome. We found that both phosphorylation of cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein (CREB) and VEGF levels were significantly elevated in patient bone metastatic PCa specimens. A PCa ARCaP progression model demonstrating epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition exhibited increased CREB phosphorylation and VEGF expression as ARCaP cells became progressively more mesenchymal and bone-metastatic. Activation of CREB induced, whereas inhibition of CREB blocked, VEGF expression in ARCaP cells. CREB may regulate VEGF transcription via a hypoxia-inducible factor-dependent mechanism in normoxic conditions. Activation of CREB signaling is involved in the coordinated regulation of VEGF and may pre-dispose to PCa bone metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Wu
- Molecular Urology and Therapeutics Program, Department of Urology and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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Kumar AP, Bhaskaran S, Ganapathy M, Crosby K, Davis MD, Kochunov P, Schoolfield J, Yeh IT, Troyer DA, Ghosh R. Akt/cAMP-responsive element binding protein/cyclin D1 network: a novel target for prostate cancer inhibition in transgenic adenocarcinoma of mouse prostate model mediated by Nexrutine, a Phellodendron amurense bark extract. Clin Cancer Res 2007; 13:2784-94. [PMID: 17473212 PMCID: PMC1948816 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-06-2974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Development of prostate cancer prevention strategies is an important priority to overcome high incidence, morbidity, and mortality. Recently, we showed that Nexrutine, an herbal extract, inhibits prostate cancer cell proliferation through modulation of Akt and cAMP-responsive element binding protein (CREB)-mediated signaling pathways. However, it is unknown if Nexrutine can be developed as a dietary supplement for the prevention of prostate cancer. In this study, we used the transgenic adenocarcinoma of mouse prostate (TRAMP) model to examine the ability of Nexrutine to protect TRAMP mice from developing prostate cancer. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Eight-week-old TRAMP mice were fed with pelleted diet containing 300 and 600 mg/kg Nexrutine for 20 weeks. Efficacy of Nexrutine was evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging at 18 and 28 weeks of progression and histologic analysis of prostate tumor or tissue at the termination of the experiment. Tumor tissue was analyzed for modulation of various signaling molecules. RESULTS We show that Nexrutine significantly suppressed palpable tumors and progression of cancer in the TRAMP model. Expression of total and phosphorylated Akt, CREB, and cyclin D1 was significantly reduced in prostate tissue from Nexrutine intervention group compared with tumors from control animals. Nexrutine also inhibited cyclin D1 transcriptional activity in androgen-independent PC-3 cells. Overexpression of kinase dead Akt mutant or phosphorylation-defective CREB inhibited cyclin D1 transcriptional activity. CONCLUSIONS The current study shows that Nexrutine-mediated targeting of Akt/CREB-induced activation of cyclin D1 prevents the progression of prostate cancer. Expression of CREB and phosphorylated CREB increased in human prostate tumors compared with normal tissue, suggesting their potential use as prognostic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Addanki P Kumar
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229, USA.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Chromatin modification may play a role in inflammatory gene regulation in asthma. Cyclic adenosine mono-phosphate response element-binding protein (CREB), with the specific co-activator, the CREB-binding protein (CBP), contributes to the acetylation of chromatin and to the transcription of pro-inflammatory genes. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the expression of CBP and of phospho-CREB (p-CREB) in bronchial biopsies and in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of controls (C), untreated (UA), inhaled steroid treated (ICS) and steroid-dependent asthmatic (SDA) patients. METHODS We used immunohistochemistry in bronchial biopsies and western blot analysis and immunocytochemistry in PBMC. RESULTS Cyclic adenosine mono-phosphate response element-binding protein expression, in the epithelium was similar in all groups, while p-CREB expression was increased in UA and in SDA in comparison with ICS and C subjects (C vs UA P = 0.002, C vs SDA P = 0.007), (ICS vs SDA P = 0.005), (ICS vs UA P = 0.001). Interestingly, also in the submucosa, p-CREB was increased in UA and SDA in comparison with ICS and C subjects (C vs UA P = 0.0004) (C vs SDA P < 0.0001) (ICS vs UA P = 0.002) (ICS vs SDA P < 0.0001) and positively correlated with leukocyte infiltration within the bronchi (CD45RB+ cells). Similar results were obtained with PBMC isolated from the same patient groups. Incubation of PBMC in vitro, with fluticasone propionate, decreased the p-CREB expression induced by cytokine activation (interferon-gamma, tumor necrosis factor-alpha). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that the expression of p-CREB is related, in asthma, to the persistent inflammation according to the disease severity. p-CREB expression can be modulated by glucocorticoids in responsive patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Chiappara
- Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare, Commessa di Immunopatologia e Farmacologia Sperimentale dell'Appartato Respiratorio, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy
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Chepurny OG, Holz GG. A novel cyclic adenosine monophosphate responsive luciferase reporter incorporating a nonpalindromic cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element provides optimal performance for use in G protein coupled receptor drug discovery efforts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 12:740-6. [PMID: 17507637 PMCID: PMC2919231 DOI: 10.1177/1087057107301856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The authors report the characterization of a novel cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-responsive luciferase (Luc) reporter that exhibits optimal performance in high-throughput screens of agonist binding at G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). This reporter (RIP1-CRE-Luc) incorporates a nonpalindromic cAMP response element (CRE) originally identified within the 5' promoter of the rat insulin 1 gene (RIP1). When multimerized and fused to the coding sequence of firefly luciferase, the CRE of RIP1 allows for the efficient activation of luciferase expression by cAMP-elevating agents or by cAMP itself. Of primary importance is the demonstration that RIP1-CRE-Luc does not exhibit the relatively high levels of basal luciferase activity inherent to reporters incorporating the palindromic CRE first identified in the somatostatin gene promoter. Furthermore, studies of HEK cells expressing class II GPCRs for the cAMP-elevating hormones GLP-1, GIP, and glucagon demonstrate that RIP1-CRE-Luc affords a much wider dynamic range of activation upon exposure to agonist. Such properties of RIP1-CRE-Luc indicate its usefulness as a new and powerful tool for the identification of small-molecule compounds with receptor-stimulating actions or for the identification of constitutively active orphan receptors with cAMP-signaling properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg G Chepurny
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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Rajendra TK, Gonsalvez GB, Walker MP, Shpargel KB, Salz HK, Matera AG. A Drosophila melanogaster model of spinal muscular atrophy reveals a function for SMN in striated muscle. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 176:831-41. [PMID: 17353360 PMCID: PMC2064057 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.200610053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in human survival motor neurons 1 (SMN1) cause spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) and are associated with defects in assembly of small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs) in vitro. However, the etiological link between snRNPs and SMA is unclear. We have developed a Drosophila melanogaster system to model SMA in vivo. Larval-lethal Smn-null mutations show no detectable snRNP reduction, making it unlikely that these animals die from global snRNP deprivation. Hypomorphic mutations in Smn reduce dSMN protein levels in the adult thorax, causing flightlessness and acute muscular atrophy. Mutant flight muscle motoneurons display pronounced axon routing and arborization defects. Moreover, Smn mutant myofibers fail to form thin filaments and phenocopy null mutations in Act88F, which is the flight muscle-specific actin isoform. In wild-type muscles, dSMN colocalizes with sarcomeric actin and forms a complex with alpha-actinin, the thin filament crosslinker. The sarcomeric localization of Smn is conserved in mouse myofibrils. These observations suggest a muscle-specific function for SMN and underline the importance of this tissue in modulating SMA severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- T K Rajendra
- Department of Genetics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith D Green
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA
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Cekanova M, Majidy M, Masi T, Al-Wadei HAN, Schuller HM. Overexpressed Raf-1 and phosphorylated cyclic adenosine 3′-5′-monophosphatate response element-binding protein are early markers for lung adenocarcinoma. Cancer 2007; 109:1164-73. [PMID: 17315157 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.22520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary adenocarcinoma (PAC) is the leading type of lung cancer and has a high mortality. The tobacco carcinogen nicotine-derived nitrosamine 4-(N-methyl-N-nitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) stimulates the proliferation of human PAC cells and small airway epithelial cells through beta-1 adrenorecptor-mediated transactivation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). METHODS Using the NNK hamster PAC model and human PAC tissue arrays with matched and unmatched normal lung tissues, the authors tested the hypothesis that Raf-1, an effector of the EGFR, and P-CREB, an effector of the beta-adrenoreceptor, are overexpressed in a significant subset of human PACs and are early markers of PAC development. Western blots from respiratory epithelial cells and microadenomas harvested by laser-capture microdissection from hamster lungs accompanied by immunostains were used to monitor the expression levels of Raf-1 and P-CREB after 5 weeks, 10 weeks, and 20 weeks of NNK treatment. Expression levels of these markers in human PAC tissue arrays were assessed by immunostains. Reverse-phase proteomics, Western blot analysis, and immunoprecipitation in immortalized human small-airway epithelial cells and in a human PAC cell line in the presence and absence of dominant-negative Raf were used to determine Raf dependence of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) activation in response to NNK or isoproterenol. RESULTS The data showed a time-dependent increase in the expression of Raf-1 and P-CREB after NNK treatment in small-airway epithelial cells and microadenomas of hamsters. The majority of human lung adenocarcinomas simultaneously overexpressed Raf-1 and P-CREB. Dominant-negative Raf completely abrogated ERK1/2 activation by NNK and isoproterenol. CONCLUSIONS The current results indicated that RAF-1 and P-CREB may contribute to the development of a significant subset of human lung adenocarcinomas and may offer promising targets for early detection and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cekanova
- Experimental Oncology Laboratory, Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
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Pastuszko P, Liu H, Mendoza-Paredes A, Schultz SE, Markowitz SD, Greeley WJ, Wilson DF, Pastuszko A. Brain oxygen and metabolism is dependent on the rate of low-flow cardiopulmonary bypass following circulatory arrest in newborn piglets. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2007; 31:899-905. [PMID: 17336082 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcts.2007.01.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2006] [Revised: 12/10/2006] [Accepted: 01/15/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the optimum rate of low-flow hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass (LF), following circulatory arrest (DHCA) on brain oxygenation (bO(2)), extracellular dopamine (DA), phosphorylation of select neuroregulatory proteins responsible for neuronal injury, and survival following ischemic brain injury: CREB, Erk1/2, Akt, Bcl-2, and Bax. METHODS The piglets were placed on cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and cooled to 18 degrees C. They were then subjected to 30 min of DHCA followed by 1h of LF at 20, 50, or 80 ml/(kg/min), rewarmed, separated from CPB, and maintained for 2h. The bO(2) was measured by quenching of phosphorescence; DA by microdialysis; phosphorylation of CREB, ERK1/2, Akt, Bcl-2, and Bax by Western blots. The results are means+/-SD for seven experiments. RESULTS Pre-bypass bO(2) was 47.4+/-4.2 mmHg and decreased to 1.9+/-0.8 mmHg during DHCA. At the end of LF at 20, 50, and 80 ml/(kg/min), bO(2) was 11.8+/-1.6, 26+/-1.8, and 33.9+/-2.6 mmHg, respectively. The DA increased 510-fold relative to control (p<0.001) by 15 min of LF-20 with maximum increase occurring at 45 min. With LF-50, increase in DA was not statistically significant and no increase was observed when LF-80 was used. Bcl-2 immunoreactivity increased after LF-50 and LF-80 (140+/-14.5%, p<0.05 and 202+/-34%, p<0.05, respectively). Neither flow increased Bax immunoreactivity. The ratio of Bcl-2/Bax, pCREB, pAkt, pErk increased significantly with increasing the flow rate of LF. CONCLUSIONS The protective effect of LF following DHCA on brain metabolism is dependent on the flow rate. Flow-dependent increase in pCREB, pErk1/2, pAkt, increase in Bcl-2/Bax, and decrease in DA indicated that to minimize DHCA-dependent neuronal injury, LF flow should be above 50 ml/(kg/min).
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Pastuszko
- Department of Surgery, The University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
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Simard LR, Bélanger MC, Morissette S, Wride M, Prior TW, Swoboda KJ. Preclinical validation of a multiplex real-time assay to quantify SMN mRNA in patients with SMA. Neurology 2007; 68:451-6. [PMID: 17283322 PMCID: PMC3273325 DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000252934.70676.ab] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether survival motor neuron (SMN) expression was stable over time. METHODS We developed a multiplex real-time reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR assay to quantify SMN transcripts in preclinical blood samples from 42 patients with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) drawn for three time points per patient; most blood samples were shipped to a centralized laboratory. RESULTS We obtained a sufficient amount (9.7 +/- 5.6 microg) of good-quality total RNA, and RNAs were stable for up to a 3-year interval. This allowed RNA samples collected during a 9- to 12-month period to be analyzed in a single run, thus minimizing interexperimental variability. SMN expression was stable over time; intersample variability for baseline measures, collected during a 17-month interval, was less than 15% for 38 of 42 SMA patients analyzed. This variability was well below the 1.95-fold increase in full-length SMN (flSMN) transcripts detected in SMA fibroblasts treated with 10 mM valproic acid. CONCLUSION Real-time quantification of SMN messenger RNA expression may be a biomarker that is amenable to multicenter SMA clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- L R Simard
- Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, Canada.
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Avila AM, Burnett BG, Taye AA, Gabanella F, Knight MA, Hartenstein P, Cizman Z, Di Prospero NA, Pellizzoni L, Fischbeck KH, Sumner CJ. Trichostatin A increases SMN expression and survival in a mouse model of spinal muscular atrophy. J Clin Invest 2007; 117:659-71. [PMID: 17318264 PMCID: PMC1797603 DOI: 10.1172/jci29562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 278] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2006] [Accepted: 12/20/2006] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The inherited motor neuron disease spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is caused by mutation of the telomeric survival motor neuron 1 (SMN1) gene with retention of the centromeric SMN2 gene. We sought to establish whether the potent and specific hydroxamic acid class of histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors activates SMN2 gene expression in vivo and modulates the SMA disease phenotype when delivered after disease onset. Single intraperitoneal doses of 10 mg/kg trichostatin A (TSA) in nontransgenic and SMA model mice resulted in increased levels of acetylated H3 and H4 histones and modest increases in SMN gene expression. Repeated daily doses of TSA caused increases in both SMN2-derived transcript and SMN protein levels in neural tissues and muscle, which were associated with an improvement in small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP) assembly. When TSA was delivered daily beginning on P5, after the onset of weight loss and motor deficit, there was improved survival, attenuated weight loss, and enhanced motor behavior. Pathological analysis showed increased myofiber size and number and increased anterior horn cell size. These results indicate that the hydroxamic acid class of HDAC inhibitors activates SMN2 gene expression in vivo and has an ameliorating effect on the SMA disease phenotype when administered after disease onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy M. Avila
- Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Dulbecco Telethon Institute, Institute of Cell Biology (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Barrington G. Burnett
- Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Dulbecco Telethon Institute, Institute of Cell Biology (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Addis A. Taye
- Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Dulbecco Telethon Institute, Institute of Cell Biology (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Gabanella
- Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Dulbecco Telethon Institute, Institute of Cell Biology (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Melanie A. Knight
- Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Dulbecco Telethon Institute, Institute of Cell Biology (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Parvana Hartenstein
- Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Dulbecco Telethon Institute, Institute of Cell Biology (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Ziga Cizman
- Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Dulbecco Telethon Institute, Institute of Cell Biology (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Nicholas A. Di Prospero
- Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Dulbecco Telethon Institute, Institute of Cell Biology (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Livio Pellizzoni
- Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Dulbecco Telethon Institute, Institute of Cell Biology (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Kenneth H. Fischbeck
- Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Dulbecco Telethon Institute, Institute of Cell Biology (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Charlotte J. Sumner
- Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Dulbecco Telethon Institute, Institute of Cell Biology (CNR), Rome, Italy
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27
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Reagan LP, Hendry RM, Reznikov LR, Piroli GG, Wood GE, McEwen BS, Grillo CA. Tianeptine increases brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression in the rat amygdala. Eur J Pharmacol 2007; 565:68-75. [PMID: 17368617 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2007.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2006] [Revised: 02/05/2007] [Accepted: 02/06/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Chronic restraint stress affects hippocampal and amygdalar synaptic plasticity as determined by electrophysiological, morphological and behavioral measures, changes that are inhibited by some but not all antidepressants. The efficacy of some classes of antidepressants is proposed to involve increased phosphorylation of cAMP response element binding protein (CREB), leading to increased expression of neurotrophic factors, such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Conversely, some studies suggest that acute and chronic stress downregulate BDNF expression and activity. Accordingly, the aim of the current study was to examine total and phosphorylated CREB (pCREB), as well as BDNF mRNA and protein levels in the hippocampus and amygdala of rats subjected to chronic restraint stress in the presence and absence of the antidepressant tianeptine. In the hippocampus, chronic restraint stress increased pCREB levels without affecting BDNF mRNA or protein expression. Tianeptine administration had no effect upon these measures in the hippocampus. In the amygdala, BDNF mRNA expression was not modulated in chronic restraint stress rats given saline in spite of increased pCREB levels. Conversely, BDNF mRNA levels were increased in the amygdala of chronic restraint stress/tianeptine rats in the absence of changes in pCREB levels when compared to non-stressed controls. Amygdalar BDNF protein increased while pCREB levels decreased in tianeptine-treated rats irrespective of stress conditions. Collectively, these results demonstrate that tianeptine concomitantly decreases pCREB while increasing BDNF expression in the rat amygdala, increases in neurotrophic factor expression that may participate in the enhancement of amygdalar synaptic plasticity mediated by tianeptine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence P Reagan
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, 6439 Garner's Ferry Road, D40, Columbia, SC 29208, United States.
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Sinitskaya N, Salingre A, Klosen P, Revel FG, Pévet P, Simonneaux V. Differential expression of activator protein-1 proteins in the pineal gland of Syrian hamster and rat may explain species diversity in arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase gene expression. Endocrinology 2006; 147:5052-60. [PMID: 16887909 DOI: 10.1210/en.2006-0526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Species differences have been reported for the nighttime regulation of arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase (AA-NAT), the melatonin rhythm-generating enzyme. In particular, de novo synthesis of stimulatory transcription factors is required for Aa-nat transcription in the Syrian hamster but not in the rat pineal gland. The present work investigated the contribution of phosphorylated cAMP-responsive element-binding protein, c-FOS, c-JUN, and JUN-B in the regulation of Aa-nat transcription in Syrian hamsters compared with rats. The nighttime pattern of cAMP-responsive element-binding protein phosphorylation and regulation by norepinephrine observed in the Syrian hamster was similar to those reported in the rat. On the contrary, strong divergences in c-FOS, c-JUN, and JUN-B expression were observed between both species. In Syrian hamster, predominant expression of c-FOS and c-JUN was observed at the beginning of night, whereas a predominant expression of c-JUN and JUN-B was observed in the late night in rat. The early peak of c-FOS and c-JUN, known to form a stimulatory transcription dimer, suggests that they are involved in the nighttime stimulation of Aa-nat transcription. Indeed, early-night administration of a protein synthesis inhibitor (cycloheximide) markedly decreased AA-NAT mRNA levels in Syrian hamster. In the rat, high levels of JUN-B and c-JUN, constituting an inhibitory transcription dimer, are probably involved in the late-night inhibition of Aa-nat transcription. Early-night administration of cycloheximide actually increased AA-NAT mRNA levels toward the late night. Therefore, composition and timing of the pineal activator protein-1 complexes differ between rat and Syrian hamster and may be an activator (Syrian hamster) or an inhibitor (rat) of Aa-nat transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Sinitskaya
- Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Département de Neurobiologie des Rythmes, UMR-7168/LC2 CNRS-Université Louis Pasteur, 5 rue Blaise Pascal, 67084 Strasbourg Cedex, France
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29
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Gubbay O, Rae MT, McNeilly AS, Donadeu FX, Zeleznik AJ, Hillier SG. cAMP response element-binding (CREB) signalling and ovarian surface epithelial cell survival. J Endocrinol 2006; 191:275-85. [PMID: 17065410 DOI: 10.1677/joe.1.06928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
cAMP response-element binding (CREB) transcription factors transduce cell survival responses to peptide hormones and growth factors in normal tissues and mutant CREB proteins are implicated in tumorigenesis. Ovarian cancer most frequently arises from the ovarian surface epithelium (OSE), possibly due to repeat inflammation-associated injury-repair episodes that promote neoplasia. We asked if post-receptor signalling involving the CREB family of proteins plays a role in OSE cell survival. In an ovine ovulation model, abundant expression of phospho-CREB/activating transcription factor (ATF) protein was detected immunohistochemically, strongly localised to OSE cells in the proximity of pre-ovulatory follicles. Treatment of primary sheep OSE cell cultures with LH stimulated cAMP accumulation and reduced apoptosis (caspase 3/7 activity) in response to serum withdrawal. When OSE cells were infected with an adenovirus containing a CRE-luciferase construct, exposure to LH and FSH induced CRE-directed transcription. Finally, when a non-phosphorylatable mutant of CREB (Ad CREB(S133A)) was adenovirally expressed, apoptosis measured by activation of caspases was increased several fold relative to that caused by transfection with wild-type CREB (Ad CREB(WT)) or lacZ (Ad lacZ). To test the potential clinical relevance of these findings, we expressed mutant CREB protein in normal human OSE cells from four women and a series of cell lines derived from human ovarian cancers. Infection with Ad CREB(S133A) markedly increased apoptosis in normal human OSE but had no detectable effect on apoptosis in any of the cancer cell lines. We conclude that CREB/ATF signalling is important for the maintenance of OSE cell survival in vitro and is altered in human cell lines derived from ovarian cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Gubbay
- Division of Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Centre for Reproductive Biology, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Old Dalkeith Road, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
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30
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Zaitseva T, Schears G, Schultz S, Creed J, Antoni D, Wilson DF, Pastuszko A. Circulatory arrest and low-flow cardiopulmonary bypass alter CREB phosphorylation in piglet brain. Ann Thorac Surg 2006; 80:245-50. [PMID: 15975375 PMCID: PMC3495597 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2005.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2004] [Revised: 01/30/2005] [Accepted: 02/03/2005] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of low-flow cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and deep hypothermic circulatory arrest followed by postbypass recovery on the phosphorylation state of transcription factor, cyclic adenosine 3', 5'-monophosphate response element-binding protein (CREB), in the striatum of neonatal brain. METHODS Neonatal piglets (1.4 to 2.5 kg) anesthetized with isoflurane and fentanyl were put on CPB. The animals were cooled to 18 degrees C during a 20-minute period. The CPB circuit flow was then either reduced to 20 mL.kg(-1).min(-1) for 90 minutes (low-flow CPB) or turned off for 90 minutes (deep hypothermic circulatory arrest), following with a gradual increase in the flow and rewarming during a 30-minute period and a 2-hour recovery. At the end of the recovery period, the animals were rapidly euthanized, and the striata were removed and frozen for immunochemical analysis by Western blot technique using antibodies against phosphorylated and total CREB. The results are presented as mean +/- standard deviation (p < 0.05 was significant). RESULTS Deep hypothermic circulatory arrest did not result in alteration in either the level of CREB or its degree of phosphorylation in the piglet striatum whereas after low-flow CPB, CREB phosphorylation was significantly increased (p < 0.005) and there was also an increase in CREB expression (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS This study indicates that at 2 hours of recovery, low-flow CPB but not deep hypothermic circulatory arrest causes an increase in CREB phosphorylation and expression. Future studies will determine the degree to which the increase in CREB phosphorylation correlates with cell survival and neuronal injury after CPB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Zaitseva
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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31
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Garat CV, Fankell D, Erickson PF, Reusch JEB, Bauer NN, McMurtry IF, Klemm DJ. Platelet-derived growth factor BB induces nuclear export and proteasomal degradation of CREB via phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt signaling in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. Mol Cell Biol 2006; 26:4934-48. [PMID: 16782881 PMCID: PMC1489168 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.02477-05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2005] [Revised: 02/01/2006] [Accepted: 04/14/2006] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclic AMP response element binding protein (CREB) content is diminished in smooth muscle cells (SMCs) in remodeled pulmonary arteries from animals with pulmonary hypertension and in the SMC layers of atherogenic systemic arteries and cardiomyocytes from hypertensive individuals. Loss of CREB can be induced in cultured SMCs by chronic exposure to hypoxia or platelet-derived growth factor BB (PDGF-BB). Here we investigated the signaling pathways and mechanisms by which PDGF elicits depletion of SMC CREB. Chronic PDGF treatment increased CREB ubiquitination in SMCs, while treatment of SMCs with the proteasome inhibitor lactacystin prevented decreases in CREB content. The nuclear export inhibitor leptomycin B also prevented depletion of SMC CREB alone or in combination with lactacystin. Subsequent studies showed that PDGF activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase, Jun N-terminal protein kinase, and phosphatidylinositol 3 (PI3)-kinase pathways in SMCs. Inhibition of these pathways blocked SMC proliferation in response to PDGF, but only inhibition of PI3-kinase or its effector, Akt, blocked PDGF-induced CREB loss. Finally, chimeric proteins containing enhanced cyan fluorescent protein linked to wild-type CREB or CREB molecules with mutations in several recognized phosphorylation sites were introduced into SMCs. PDGF treatment reduced the levels of each of these chimeric proteins except for one containing mutations in adjacent serine residues (serines 103 and 107), suggesting that CREB loss was dependent on CREB phosphorylation at these sites. We conclude that PDGF stimulates nuclear export and proteasomal degradation of CREB in SMCs via PI3-kinase/Akt signaling. These results indicate that in addition to direct phosphorylation, proteolysis and intracellular localization are key mechanisms regulating CREB content and activity in SMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrystelle V Garat
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, 4200 East Ninth Ave., Campus Box B-133, Denver, CO 80262, USA
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de Léséleuc L, Denis F. Nur77 forms novel nuclear structures upon DNA damage that cause transcriptional arrest. Exp Cell Res 2006; 312:1507-13. [PMID: 16480977 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2006.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2005] [Revised: 01/03/2006] [Accepted: 01/13/2006] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The orphan nuclear receptor Nur77 has been implicated in both growth and apoptosis, and its function and activity can be modulated by cellular redistribution. Green fluorescent protein-tagged Nur77 was used to evaluate the role of Nur77 intracellular redistribution in response to genotoxic stress. Selected DNA damaging agents and transcription inhibition lead to rapid redistribution of Nur77 into nuclear structures distinct from conventional nuclear bodies. These nuclear bodies formed transiently were tightly bound to the nuclear matrix and conditions that lead to their appearance were associated with Nur77 transcriptional inhibition. The formation of Nur77 nuclear bodies might be involved in programmed cell death modulation upon exposure to DNA damaging agents that inhibit transcription by sequestrating this proapoptotic factor in dense nuclear structures.
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MESH Headings
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Apoptosis/genetics
- Camptothecin/pharmacology
- Cell Line
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Nucleus/chemistry
- Cell Nucleus/drug effects
- Cell Nucleus/metabolism
- Cisplatin/pharmacology
- Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein/analysis
- DNA Damage
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Etoposide/pharmacology
- Green Fluorescent Proteins/genetics
- Green Fluorescent Proteins/metabolism
- HeLa Cells
- Humans
- Microscopy, Confocal
- Mutation/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/analysis
- Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/analysis
- Nuclear Matrix/drug effects
- Nuclear Matrix/metabolism
- Nuclear Proteins/analysis
- Nuclear Proteins/metabolism
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 1
- Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Phosphoproteins/analysis
- Promyelocytic Leukemia Protein
- Protein Binding
- RNA-Binding Proteins/analysis
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/genetics
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/metabolism
- Receptors, Steroid/genetics
- Receptors, Steroid/metabolism
- SMN Complex Proteins
- Serine-Arginine Splicing Factors
- Transcription Factors/analysis
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Transcription, Genetic/drug effects
- Transcription, Genetic/genetics
- Transfection
- Tumor Suppressor Proteins/analysis
- Tumor Suppressor Proteins/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis de Léséleuc
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, 531 Boulevard des Prairies, Laval (QC), Canada H7V 1B7
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33
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Mouravlev A, Dunning J, Young D, During MJ. Somatic gene transfer of cAMP response element-binding protein attenuates memory impairment in aging rats. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006; 103:4705-10. [PMID: 16537429 PMCID: PMC1401230 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0506137103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2005] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) is important for the formation and facilitation of long-term memory in diverse models. However, to our knowledge, involvement of CREB in age-associated memory impairment has not been reported. Here, we use a recombinant adeno-associated virus vector to obtain stable transgenic expression of CREB as well as the inducible cAMP early repressor (ICER) in the hippocampus of adult rats. In a longitudinal study, we show that somatic gene transfer of both CREB and ICER does not alter long-term memory in young (3-month-old) rats. However, at 15 months of age, the same CREB-transduced rats show significantly better long-term memory in spatial-navigation and passive-avoidance tasks compared with their equally aged control littermates, and a threshold effect is evident. In contrast, the aged ICER-transduced rats demonstrate significantly reduced memory in comparison with the same control group. Hippocampal CREB gene transfer prevented the aging-related decrease in long-term memory found in the control rats. These data suggest that elevation of CREB protein levels in a subset of hippocampal neurons as achieved by somatic cell gene transfer might compensate for general deficits in molecular mechanisms underlying age-related memory loss in rats and, therefore, attenuate long-term-memory impairment during normal aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Mouravlev
- *Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand; and
| | - Jane Dunning
- *Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand; and
| | - Deborah Young
- *Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand; and
| | - Matthew J. During
- *Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand; and
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10021
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Schears G, Zaitseva T, Schultz S, Greeley W, Antoni D, Wilson DF, Pastuszko A. Brain oxygenation and metabolism during selective cerebral perfusion in neonates. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2006; 29:168-74. [PMID: 16376567 PMCID: PMC2778295 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcts.2005.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2005] [Revised: 09/29/2005] [Accepted: 11/03/2005] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the possible neuroprotective effects of selective cerebral perfusion (SCP) during deep hypothermic circulatory arrest on brain oxygenation and metabolism in newborn piglets. METHODS Newborn piglets 2-4 days of age, anesthetized and mechanically ventilated, were used for the study. The animals were placed on cardiopulmonary bypass, cooled to 18 degrees C and put on SCP (20 ml/(kg min)) for 90 min. After rewarming, the animals were monitored through 2h of recovery. Oxygen pressure in the microvasculature of the cortex was measured by oxygen-dependent quenching of phosphorescence. The extracellular level of dopamine in striatum was measured by microdialysis and hydroxyl radicals by ortho-tyrosine levels. Levels of phosphorylated cAMP response element binding protein (pCREB) in striatal tissue were measured by Western blots using antibodies specific for phosphorylated CREB. The results are presented as mean+/-SD (p<0.05 was significant). RESULTS Pre-bypass cortical oxygen pressure was 48.9+/-11.3 mmHg and during the first 5 min of SCP, the peak of the histogram, corrected to 18 degrees C, decreased to 11.2+/-3.8 mmHg (p<0.001) and stayed near that value to the end of bypass. The mean value for the peak of the histograms measured at the end of SCP was 8+/-3 mmHg (p<0.001). SCP completely prevented the deep hypothermic circulatory arrest-dependent increase in extracellular dopamine and hydroxyl radicals. After SCP, there was a statistically significant increase in pCREB immunoreactivity (534+/-60%) compared to the sham-operated group (100+/-63%, p<0.005). Measurements of total CREB showed that SCP did induce a statistically significant increase in CREB as compared to sham-operated animals (168+/-31%, p<0.05). CONCLUSION SCP, as compared to DHCA, improved cortical oxygenation and prevented increases in the extracellular dopamine and hydroxyl radicals. The increase in pCREB in the striatum following SCP may contribute to improved cellular recovery after this procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Schears
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Tatiana Zaitseva
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, School of Medicine, 901 Stellar-Chance Bldg., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Steven Schultz
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - William Greeley
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Diego Antoni
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, School of Medicine, 901 Stellar-Chance Bldg., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - David F. Wilson
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, School of Medicine, 901 Stellar-Chance Bldg., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Anna Pastuszko
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, School of Medicine, 901 Stellar-Chance Bldg., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Corresponding author. Tel.: +1 215 898 6382; fax: +1 215 573 3787. (A. Pastuszko)
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Abstract
'Cardiac memory' describes an electrocardiographic T wave vector change, recorded during normal sinus rhythm that reflects the QRS complex vector during prior periods of ventricular pacing or arrhythmia. In this brief review we consider the mechanisms responsible for cardiac memory, which offer a unique window for relating molecular determinants of repolarization to their expression in the function of ion channels and in the electrophysiology of the heart. Understanding the steps that translate the molecular mechanisms for memory into clinical expression in this relatively straightforward model facilitates our comprehension of the complex pathways that order normal cardiac repolarization and repolarization changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Rosen
- Department of Pharmacology and Pediatrics, Center for Molecular Therapeutics, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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Ryu H, Lee J, Impey S, Ratan RR, Ferrante RJ. Antioxidants modulate mitochondrial PKA and increase CREB binding to D-loop DNA of the mitochondrial genome in neurons. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2005; 102:13915-20. [PMID: 16169904 PMCID: PMC1236533 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0502878102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2005] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The protein kinase A (PKA) and the cAMP response element (CRE) binding protein (CREB) signaling pathways mediate plasticity and prosurvival responses in neurons through their ability to regulate gene expression. The PKA-CREB signaling mechanism has been well characterized in terms of nuclear gene expression. We show that the PKA catalytic and regulatory subunits and CREB are localized to the mitochondrial matrix of neurons. Mitochondrial CRE sites were identified by using both serial analyses of chromatin occupancy and chromatin immunoprecipitation. Deferoxamine (DFO), an antioxidant and iron chelator known to inhibit oxidative stress-induced death, activated mitochondrial PKA and increased mitochondrial CREB phosphorylation (Ser-133). DFO increased CREB binding to CRE in the mitochondrial D-loop DNA and D-loop CRE-driven luciferase activity. In contrast, KT5720, a specific inhibitor of PKA, reduced DFO-mediated neuronal survival against oxidative stress induced by glutathione depletion. Neuronal survival by DFO may be, in part, mediated by the mitochondrial PKA-dependent pathway. These results suggest that the regulation of mitochondrial function via the mitochondrial PKA and CREB pathways may underlie some of the salutary effects of DFO in neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoon Ryu
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Veteran's Affairs Medical Center, Bedford, MA 01730, USA.
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Suneja SK, Mo Z, Potashner SJ. Phospho-CREB and other phospho-proteins: improved recovery from brain tissue. J Neurosci Methods 2005; 150:238-41. [PMID: 16087244 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2005.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2005] [Revised: 06/17/2005] [Accepted: 06/20/2005] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
During attempts to quantify levels of phosphorylated cAMP response element binding protein (CREB-P) in guinea pig brain stem auditory nuclei by Western blotting, we compared the decay of CREB-P levels when tissues were homogenized in traditional Lysis buffer containing detergents or in 50 mM Tris-HCl buffer containing 0.32 M sucrose. The decay of CREB-P levels was retarded considerably in the Tris-Sucrose medium as compared to the Lysis buffer. Similarly, the levels of two other phospho-proteins, extracellular regulated kinases (ERK1/2-P) and stress activated protein/Jun-N-terminal kinase (SAP/JNK-P), were better preserved by the Tris-Sucrose medium. These findings imply that the detergents typically present in the Lysis buffer may disrupt organelles and increase the exposure of soluble phospho-proteins to hydrolyzing enzymes. In contrast, such exposure was probably minimized in the Tris-Sucrose medium, which is thought to preserve organelle integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanoj K Suneja
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT 06030-3401, USA.
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Levkovitch-Verbin H, Quigley HA, Martin KRG, Harizman N, Valenta DF, Pease ME, Melamed S. The transcription factor c-jun is activated in retinal ganglion cells in experimental rat glaucoma. Exp Eye Res 2005; 80:663-70. [PMID: 15862173 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2004.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2004] [Revised: 11/07/2004] [Accepted: 11/29/2004] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates the role of the MAP kinase pathway including c-jun, ATF-2 and JNK in glaucomatous eyes of rats and in optic nerve transection. Glaucoma was induced in one eye of 51 adult Wistar rats by laser treatment to the trabecular meshwork. Eighteen further rats underwent unilateral optic nerve transection. We studied the transcription factor c-jun, its activated form, phospho-c-jun, the transcription factor p-ATF-2, and the enzyme JNK by immunohistochemistry. The activation of p-c-jun was also investigated using western blot analysis. Treated and control eyes were compared in a masked way at multiple time points after injury. We found a statistically significant increase in immunolabelling for c-jun and phospho-c-jun in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) from 1 day to 4 weeks after intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation. At 1 and 2 days after the laser treatment, a mean of 2.9+/-3.3 RGCsmm(-1) were positive for c-jun (n=12, p=0.005, t-test), increasing to a mean of 13.4+/-7.5 cells mm(-1) at 1 week (n=18, p=0.00005), and decreasing to 2.3+/-2.0 cells mm(-1) at 2 weeks (n=5, p=0.04) and 0.1+/-0.1 cells mm(-1) at 2 months. Few of the 47 control eyes had any labelling for c-jun or phospho-c-jun, while between 80 and 100% of elevated IOP eyes showed positivity during the first 2 weeks of experimental glaucoma. After optic nerve transection, c-jun and phospho-c-jun were also significantly activated at 1, 2 and 9 days (p<0.03, t-test). Western blot analysis demonstrated significantly increased phospho-c-jun amounts in both transected and glaucomatous eyes compared to control fellow eyes 1 week following treatment. JNK was not significantly activated in glaucoma or optic nerve transection. P-ATF-2 was not significantly activated in glaucoma, but was significantly increased 2 days after optic nerve transection. We conclude that the process leading to RGC death in experimental glaucoma and after optic nerve transection involves the activation of c-jun at the RGC layer. C-jun is activated more gradually in glaucoma then after optic nerve transection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Levkovitch-Verbin
- Sam Rothberg Molecular Biology Lab, Goldschleger Eye Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Hashomer 52621, Israel.
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Narita M, Miyagawa K, Narita M, Mizuo K, Miyatake M, Tsutomu S. [The functional change in the 5-HT1A receptor induced by stress and the role of the 5-HT1A receptor in neuroprotection]. Nihon Shinkei Seishin Yakurigaku Zasshi 2005; 25:91-104. [PMID: 16220659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Mice exposed to various stresses, especially restrained-stress, revealed the anxiogenic effect detected by the light-dark test. Under this condition, a remarkable decrease in [35S]GTPgammaS binding to membranes from the prefrontal cortex, amygdala and hypothalamus of restrained-stress mice stimulated by the selective 5-HT1A receptor agonist 5-carboxamidotriptamine (5-CT) was clearly observed, whereas a significant increase in [35S]GTPgammaS binding stimulated by the 5-HT1A receptor agonist was clearly observed in the dorsal raphe nuclei (DRN) of restrained-stress mice. The immunohistochemical study showed a drastic reduction in phosphorylated-CREB-like immunoreactivity in the DRN of restrained-stress mice. Furthermore, we found a drastic reduction in myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG)-like immunoreactivity (MAG-IR) in the DRN, amygdala and hypothalamus, indicating the direct suppression of synaptic transmission in these regions. It has been accepted that GSK3beta in the Wnt signal pathway plays an important role in various neuronal functions including apoptosis, clustering of synapsin I and early growth and axonal remodeling. In the present study, the increase in protein levels of GSK3beta and phosphorylated-GSK3beta to cytosol fractions of the amygdala was noted in restrained-stress mice. Taken together, these results suggest that restrained stress may directly affect the 5-HT1A receptor-regulated synaptic transmission in the brain, leading to the expression of the anxiogenic effect in mice. It is well known that various stresses induce intracellular oxidative stress. The present study was then undertaken to investigate the effect of the stimulation of 5-HT1A receptors on oxidative stress. Treatment with H2O2 caused the activation of caspase-3-positive cells and the reduction in levels of MAG-IR in the limbic neuron/glia cocultures as compared to medium alone. The stimulation of 5-HT1A receptor by 5-CT produced a dramatic protection against H2O2-triggered activation of caspase-3 and reduction in levels of MAG-IR. These results suggest that 5-HT1A receptors were involved in the modulation of anxiety and the understanding of molecular mechanisms of 5-HT1A receptor-related cascades may pave the way for new therapeutic strategies for affective disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minoru Narita
- Department of Toxicology, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawaku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
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Kersten C, Delabie J, Gaudernack G, Smeland EB, Fosså A. Analysis of the autoantibody repertoire in Burkitt's lymphoma patients: frequent response against the transcription factor ATF-2. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2004; 53:1119-26. [PMID: 15185015 PMCID: PMC11032783 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-004-0558-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2004] [Accepted: 04/22/2004] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In the last few years, serological identification of tumour-associated antigens (TAAs) by recombinant cDNA expression cloning (SEREX) has enabled the mapping of humoral immune responses against TAAs in various types of cancer. The present paper describes the application of SEREX to Burkitt's lymphoma (BL), a malignancy not previously characterized by SEREX. By using a cDNA library from a BL cell line that does not express IgG, technical difficulties related to background immunoglobulin clones were overcome. Screening with sera from three BL patients revealed immunoreactivity against seven different gene products, six of which represent known human genes. Five proteins had previously been characterized by SEREX in other malignancies or identified as targets of autoantibodies in autoimmune disease. Seroreactivity against ATF-2, a member of the AP-1 transcription factor family, was validated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blot analysis using recombinant ATF-2 protein. Autoantibody responses against ATF-2 were detected by ELISA in 6 of 8 BL patients, compared with 6 of 13 patients with T-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (T-NHL), 5 of 23 patients with follicular lymphoma and 2 of 27 diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patients. In contrast, reactivity was found in only 1 of 50 healthy volunteers. Next, we showed by immunohistochemistry that the activated form of ATF2 (ATF-2pp) was highly expressed in six different BL samples. We conclude that the SEREX approach with a B-cell cDNA source is applicable in NHL. Furthermore, we identified genes with possible involvement in the pathogenesis of BL using this technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Kersten
- Department of Immunology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Montebello, 0310 Oslo, Norway.
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Gao C, Chen L, Tao Y, Chen J, Xu X, Zhang G, Chi Z. Colocalization of phosphorylated CREB with calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV in hippocampal neurons induced by ohmfentanyl stereoisomers. Brain Res 2004; 1024:25-33. [PMID: 15451364 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2004.06.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/25/2004] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) plays an important role in opioids dependence. To better understand the role of CREB in opioids dependence and underlying signal pathways, we compared the effects of three ohmfentanyl stereoisomers ((-)-cis-(3R,4S,2'R) OMF (F9202), (+)-cis-(3R,4S,2'S) OMF (F9204), (-)-cis-(3S,4S,2'R) OMF (F9203)) and morphine on CREB phosphorylation and the expression of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV (CaMKIV) in hippocampus derived from mice which displayed conditioned place preference (CPP) behavior by Western blot, and immunohistochemistry analyses. Moreover, we studied the effects of OMF and morphine on CREB phosphorylation and colocalization of phosphorylated CREB (P-CREB) with CaMKIV in cultured rat hippocampal neurons by Western blot, and confocal fluorescence microscopy analyses. The results showed that F9202, F9204 or morphine, which could induce CPP, enhanced CREB phosphorylation and the expression of CaMKIV in hippocampus from CPP mice without affecting total CREB protein level. The CREB phosphorylation of cultured hippocampal neurons was also enhanced and reached its peak level at 30 min upon exposure to F9202 (100 nM), F9204 (100 nM) or morphine (1 microM), while the total CREB protein level was not altered. KN-62 (10 microM), an inhibitor of CaM kinases, prevented CREB phosphorylation induced by morphine, F9202, and F9204 without change of total CREB level. The results of confocal fluorescence microscopy further demonstrated that the activated CREB (P-CREB) was colocalized with CaMKIV in nucleus. F9203, which could not induce CPP, failed to increase the CREB phosphorylation and the colocalization of P-CREB with CaMKIV both in hippocampus from CPP mice and in cultured hippocampal neurons. This is the first evidence to suggest that the increased CREB phosphorylation via CaMKIV signal pathway in hippocampus is relevant to opioids psychological dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Gao
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Zhangjiang Hitech-Park, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, PR China
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Iijima N, Suzuki N, Oguchi T, Hashimoto S, Takumi Y, Sugahara K, Okuda T, Yamashita H, Usami SI. The effect of hypergravity on the inner ear: CREB and syntaxin are up-regulated. Neuroreport 2004; 15:965-9. [PMID: 15076716 DOI: 10.1097/00001756-200404290-00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
cDNA microarray analysis of differential mRNA expression in the rat inner ear under hypergravity identified 20 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated genes. The results demonstrated that various response and/or adaptation processes occur at the level of the peripheral organs. From among the genes assessed by microarray, up-regulation of CREB and syntaxin was confirmed by real time PCR and these two molecules were found to be immunocytochemically localized in the primary afferent neurons. Since CREB is believed to be involved in the formation of long term memory, and syntaxin is known as one of the synaptic molecules involved in the exocytosis of synaptic vesicles, the up-regulation of CREB and syntaxin may reflect synaptic plasticity occurring in the peripheral vestibular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Iijima
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
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Khidekel N, Arndt S, Lamarre-Vincent N, Lippert A, Poulin-Kerstien KG, Ramakrishnan B, Qasba PK, Hsieh-Wilson LC. A chemoenzymatic approach toward the rapid and sensitive detection of O-GlcNAc posttranslational modifications. J Am Chem Soc 2004; 125:16162-3. [PMID: 14692737 DOI: 10.1021/ja038545r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report a new chemoenzymatic strategy for the rapid and sensitive detection of O-GlcNAc posttranslational modifications. The approach exploits the ability of an engineered mutant of beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase to selectively transfer an unnatural ketone functionality onto O-GlcNAc glycosylated proteins. Once transferred, the ketone moiety serves as a versatile handle for the attachment of biotin, thereby enabling chemiluminescent detection of the modified protein. Importantly, this approach permits the rapid visualization of proteins that are at the limits of detection using traditional methods. Moreover, it bypasses the need for radioactive precursors and captures the glycosylated species without perturbing metabolic pathways. We anticipate that this general chemoenzymatic strategy will have broad application to the study of posttranslational modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelly Khidekel
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
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Lee CW, Nam JS, Park YK, Choi HK, Lee JH, Kim NH, Cho J, Song DK, Suh HW, Lee J, Kim YH, Huh SO. Lysophosphatidic acid stimulates CREB through mitogen- and stress-activated protein kinase-1. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2003; 305:455-61. [PMID: 12763014 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-291x(03)00790-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a growth factor-like phospholipid that elicits a variety of cellular responses in numerous cell types, including neurons, immune cells, and fibroblasts. In this report, we investigated the possibility that LPA activates the transcription factor cAMP response element-binding protein, CREB, in Rat-2 fibroblast cells. CREB is activated in many cells downstream of signaling events, such as growth factor and neurotrophin stimulation. We found that LPA rapidly stimulated phosphorylation of CREB at Ser133 in a time- and dose-dependent manner, as revealed by immunoblot analysis with a phospho-specific antibody recognizing CREB on Ser133. LPA-induced phosphorylation of CREB was dependent on the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK). Inhibition of ERK1/2 with PD98059 and of p38 MAPK with SB203580 efficiently blocked LPA-mediated phosphorylation of CREB. The LPA-induced CREB phosphorylation was abolished by H89, an inhibitor of mitogen- and stress-activated protein kinase-1 (MSK1). Together, these data suggest that LPA stimulates nuclear transcription factor CREB via mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling components, ERK1/2, p38 MAPK, and MSK1 in Rat-2 fibroblast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Wook Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Institute of Natural Medicine, Hallym University, Chunchon, Kangwon-do 200-702, Republic of Korea
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Ren GL, Wang L, Liu Y, Wang BX, Gan ZW, Wang MG, Hui YP. [The relationship of neural protection with expression of p-CREB and c-Fos in the hippocampus of neonatal rate after hypoxic-ischemia brain damage and reperfusion]. Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi 2003; 41:367-9. [PMID: 14751062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
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Abstract
Chronic cocaine use in humans and animal models is known to lead to pronounced alterations in neuronal function in brain regions associated with drug reinforcement. To evaluate whether the alterations in gene expression in cocaine overdose victims are associated with specific dopamine populations in the midbrain, cDNA arrays and western blotting were used to compare gene and protein expression patterns between cocaine overdose victims and age-matched controls in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and lateral substantia nigra (l-SN). Array analysis revealed significant up-regulation of numerous transcripts in the VTA, but not in the l-SN, of cocaine overdose victims including NMDAR1, GluR2, GluR5 and KA2 receptor mRNA (p < 0.05). No significant alterations between overdose victims and controls were observed for GluR1, R3 or R4 mRNA levels. Correspondingly, western blot analysis revealed VTA-selective up-regulation of CREB (p < 0.01), NMDAR1 (p < 0.01), GluR2 (p < 0.05), GluR5 (p < 0.01) and KA2 (p < 0.05) protein levels of cocaine overdose victims. The present results indicate that selective alterations of CREB and certain ionotropic glutamate receptor (iGluR) subtypes appear to be associated with chronic cocaine use in humans in a region-specific manner. Moreover, as subunit composition determines the functional properties of iGluRs, the observed changes may indicate alterations in the excitability of dopamine transmission underlying long-term biochemical and behavioral effects of cocaine in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Xue Tang
- Department of Pharmacology and Psychiatry/Behavioral Sciences, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Neuroscience Division, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Wendy H. Fasulo
- Department of Pharmacology and Psychiatry/Behavioral Sciences, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Neuroscience Division, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Deborah C. Mash
- Department of Neurology and Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Scott E. Hemby
- Department of Pharmacology and Psychiatry/Behavioral Sciences, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Neuroscience Division, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Alpha 2 adrenoceptor agonists produce antinociception in normal animals and alleviate mechanical allodynia in animals with nerve injury, although their mechanism of action may differ in these situations. The purpose of this study was to examine the location and number of cells in the spinal cord activated by intrathecal clonidine in these two circumstances and to test whether one class of interneurons, cholinergic, express alpha 2 adrenoceptors. METHODS Intrathecal saline or clonidine, 10 and 30 microg, was injected in normal rats or those with mechanical allodynia following partial sciatic nerve section. Two hours later, animals were anesthetized and pericardially perfused. The number of cells in superficial and deep dorsal horn laminae at the L4-L5 level immunostained for phosphorylated cAMP response element binding protein (pCREB) were quantified. In separate studies, the authors colocalized alpha2C adrenoceptors with cholinergic neurons. RESULTS Intrathecal clonidine increased pCREB immunoreactive cells in both superficial and deep laminae by 50-100% in normal animals. The number of pCREB immunoreactive cells increased in nerve-injured compared to normal rats. Intrathecal clonidine decreased pCREB immunoreactive cells in the deep dorsal horn of injured animals. Alpha2C adrenoceptors colocalized with cholinergic neurons in both superficial and deep dorsal horn. DISCUSSION Previous studies suggest a shift in alpha 2 adrenoceptor subtype and the involvement of cholinergic interneurons in antinociception in the spinal cord after nerve injury. The current results suggest that intrathecal clonidine, by direct or indirect methods, increases neuronal activation in normal animals, presumably leading to net inhibition of pain signaling, whereas it reduces the increase in neuronal activity induced by nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Pancaro
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, USA
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Dwivedi Y, Rao JS, Rizavi HS, Kotowski J, Conley RR, Roberts RC, Tamminga CA, Pandey GN. Abnormal expression and functional characteristics of cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element binding protein in postmortem brain of suicide subjects. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2003; 60:273-82. [PMID: 12622660 DOI: 10.1001/archpsyc.60.3.273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element binding protein (CREB) is a transcription factor that, on phosphorylation by protein kinases, is activated, and in response, regulates the transcription of many neuronally expressed genes. In view of the recent observations that catalytic properties and/or expression of many kinases that mediate their physiological responses through the activation of CREB are altered in the postmortem brain of subjects who commit suicide (hereafter referred to as suicide subjects), we examined the status of CREB in suicidal behavior. METHODS These studies were performed in Brodmann area (BA) 9 and hippocampus obtained from 26 suicide subjects and 20 nonpsychiatric healthy control subjects. Messenger RNA levels of CREB and neuron-specific enolase were determined in total RNA by means of quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Protein levels and the functional characteristics of CREB were determined in nuclear fractions by means of Western blot and cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element (CRE)-DNA binding activity, respectively. In the same nuclear fraction, we determined the catalytic activity of cyclic adenosine monophosphate-stimulated protein kinase A by means of enzymatic assay. RESULTS We observed a significant reduction in messenger RNA and protein levels of CREB, CRE-DNA binding activity, and basal and cyclic adenosine monophosphate-stimulated protein kinase A activity in BA 9 and hippocampus of suicide subjects, without any change in messenger RNA levels of neuron-specific enolase in BA 9. Except for protein kinase A activity, changes in CREB expression and CRE-DNA binding activity were present in all suicide subjects, irrespective of diagnosis. These changes were unrelated to postmortem intervals, age, sex, or antidepressant treatment. CONCLUSIONS Given the significance of CREB in mediating various physiological functions through gene transcription, our results of decreased expression and functional characteristics of CREB in postmortem brain of suicide subjects suggest that CREB may play an important role in suicidal behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogesh Dwivedi
- Psychiatric Institute, Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 60612, USA.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) plays an important role in water transport in the intestine. Several specialized channels termed aquaporins (AQP) facilitate water transport in the gastrointestinal tract. Aquaporin-3 localizes to epithelial cells in the human small intestine and colon. However, the regulatory mechanisms underlying the functions of AQP3 remain unclear. To characterize the regulation of AQP3 expression by VIP, we studied messenger (m)RNA expression, protein expression and DNA binding activity in a human colonic epithelial cell line, HT-29. METHOD Human colonic epithelial cells, HT-29, were incubated with VIP (10-12-10-7 M). The cells were treated with protein kinase-A (PK-A) inhibitors (H-89, H-9) or chloride channel-blockers (diphenylamine-2-carboxylate (DPC), 5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino) benzoic acid (NPPD)). The expression of AQP3 mRNA and protein was determined by Northern blot and Western blot, respectively. The DNA-binding activities of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) response elements/activating transcription factor (CRE/ATF)) in the nuclear extract were determined by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. RESULTS Aquaporin-3 mRNA was up-regulated at a concentration of 10-10 M VIP. The expression of AQP3 protein was enhanced at 3 h after addition of VIP. The PK-A inhibitors (H-89, H-9) inhibited the expression of AQP3 mRNA enhanced by VIP and cAMP. The gel shift assay of CRE/ATF in HT-29 cells revealed a single band. CONCLUSION These results indicate that VIP upregulated the expression of AQP3 mRNA and protein, and that a cAMP-dependent pathway mediated this effect in a human colonic epithelial cell line, HT-29.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiko Itoh
- Division of Gastroenterology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
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Sarkar S, Lechan RM. Central administration of neuropeptide Y reduces alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone-induced cyclic adenosine 5'-monophosphate response element binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation in pro-thyrotropin-releasing hormone neurons and increases CREB phosphorylation in corticotropin-releasing hormone neurons in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus. Endocrinology 2003; 144:281-91. [PMID: 12488356 DOI: 10.1210/en.2002-220675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) has a potent inhibitory effect on TRH gene expression in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and contributes to the fall in circulating thyroid hormone levels during fasting mediated by a reduction in serum leptin levels. Because alpha-MSH activates the TRH gene by increasing the phosphorylation of CREB in the nucleus of these neurons, we raised the possibility that at least one of the mechanisms by which NPY reduces TRH mRNA in hypophysiotropic neurons is by antagonizing the ability of alpha-MSH to phosphorylate CREB. As NPY increases CRH mRNA in the hypothalamus, we further determined whether intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of NPY regulates the phosphorylation of CREB in hypophysiotropic CRH neurons. NPY [10 micro g in artificial CSF (aCSF)] was administered into the lateral ventricle i.c.v. 30 min before the i.c.v. administration of aCSF or alpha-MSH (10 micro g in aCSF), the latter in a dose previously demonstrated to increase proTRH mRNA and phosphorylate CREB in TRH neurons. By double-labeling immunocytochemistry, only few TRH neurons in the PVN contained phosphoCREB (PCREB) in animals treated only with aCSF (4 +/- 0.2%) or with NPY followed by aCSF (9.7 +/- 2.5), whereas alpha-MSH-infused animals dramatically increased the percentage of TRH neurons containing PCREB (75.3 +/- 6.9%). Pretreatment with NPY before alpha-MSH infusion, however, significantly reduced the percentage of TRH neurons containing PCREB (40.8 +/- 3.5%) compared with alpha-MSH infused animals (P = 0.01). Only 12.2 +/- 0.9% of CRH neurons of the medial parvocellular neurons contained PCREB nuclei in vehicle-treated animals, whereas 30 min following NPY infusion, the number of CRH neurons containing PCREB increased dramatically to 88 +/- 2.9%. Whereas alpha-MSH infusion increased the percentage of CRH neurons that contained PCREB to 56 +/- 2.2% compared with control, animals pretreated with NPY further increased the number of CRH neurons colocalizing with PCREB to 87 +/- 2.5%. These data demonstrate a functional interaction between NPY and alpha-MSH in the regulation of proTRH neurons in the PVN, suggesting that NPY can antagonize alpha-MSH induced activation of the TRH gene by interfering with melanocortin signaling at the postreceptor level, preventing the phosphorylation of CREB. In contrast, NPY infusion increases the phosphorylation of CREB in CRH neurons, indicating that NPY has independent effects on discrete populations of neurons in the PVN, presumably mediated through different signaling mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Sarkar
- Tupper Research Institute and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Tufts-New England Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, USA
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