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Bassetti M, Andreoni M, Santus P, Scaglione F. NSAIDs for early management of acute respiratory infections. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2024; 37:304-311. [PMID: 38779903 PMCID: PMC11213495 DOI: 10.1097/qco.0000000000001024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To review the rationale for and the potential clinical benefits of an early approach to viral acute respiratory infections with NSAIDs to switch off the inflammatory cascade before the inflammatory process becomes complicated. RECENT FINDINGS It has been shown that in COVID-19 as in other viral respiratory infections proinflammatory cytokines are produced, which are responsible of respiratory and systemic symptoms. There have been concerns that NSAIDs could increase susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection or aggravate COVID-19. However, recent articles reviewing experimental research, observational clinical studies, randomized clinical trials, and meta-analyses conclude that there is no basis to limit the use of NSAIDs, which may instead represent effective self-care measures to control symptoms. SUMMARY The inflammatory response plays a pivotal role in the early phase of acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs); a correct diagnosis of the cause and a prompt therapeutic approach with NSAIDs may have the potential to control the pathophysiological mechanisms that can complicate the condition, while reducing symptoms to the benefit of the patient. A timely treatment with NSAIDs may limit the inappropriate use of other categories of drugs, such as antibiotics, which are useless when viral cause is confirmed and whose inappropriate use is responsible for the development of resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Bassetti
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genova
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova
| | - Massimo Andreoni
- Infectious Disease Clinic, Policlinico Tor Vergata University Hospital
- Department of System Medicine Tor Vergata, University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Pierachille Santus
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Ospedale Luigi Sacco, Polo Universitario, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (DIBIC), Università Degli Studi di Milano
| | - Francesco Scaglione
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Postgraduate School of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Gong H, Zhao N, Zhu C, Luo L, Liu S. Treatment of gastric ulcer, traditional Chinese medicine may be a better choice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 324:117793. [PMID: 38278376 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Gastric ulcer (GU) is the injury of the gastric mucosa caused by the stimulation of various pathogenic factors penetrating the deep mucosal muscle layer. An increasing number of studies have shown that traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is highly effective in treating GU due to its multitarget, multilevel, and multi-pathway effects. AIM OF THE STUDY To review the latest research progress in the treatment of GU by TCM, including clinical and experimental studies, focusing on the target and mechanism of action of drugs and providing a theoretical basis for the treatment of GU by natural herbs. MATERIALS AND METHODS Electronic databases (PubMed, Elsevier, Springer, Web of Science, and CNKI) were searched using the keywords "gastric ulcer", "gastric mucosal lesion", "TCM" and or paired with "peptic ulcer" and "natural drugs" for studies published in the last fifteen years until 2023. RESULTS TCM, including single components of natural products, Chinese patent medicines (CPM), and TCM decoction, is expected to treat GU by regulating various mechanisms, such as redox balance, inflammatory factors, angiogenesis, gastric mucosal protective factors, intestinal flora, apoptosis, and autophagy. CONCLUSIONS We discussed and summarized the mechanism of TCM in the treatment of GU, which provided a sufficient basis for TCM treatment of GU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiying Gong
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ning Zhao
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Conglei Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Fuyang People's Hospital, Fuyang, Anhui, China
| | - Lin Luo
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Sen Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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Marseglia GL, Veraldi D, Ciprandi G. Ketoprofen lysine salt treatment in adolescents with acute upper respiratory infections: a primary-care experience. Minerva Pediatr (Torino) 2023; 75:890-895. [PMID: 37712897 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-5276.23.07367-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute upper respiratory infections (AURI) are widespread in adolescents. Infections are associated with inflammation which in turn is responsible for symptoms and fever occurrence. Ketoprofen lysine salt (KLS) has a potent anti-inflammatory activity associated with effective analgesic and antipyretic effects and has a valuable safety profile. In this regard, KLS could be advantageous in adolescents with AURI. METHODS A group of primary-care pediatricians retrospectively collected data from adolescents with AURI treated with KLS for three days. Fever and symptom perception were assessed by a visual analog scale and were monitored daily for five days. Adolescents (or parents) sent their data to doctors using a phone application (WhatsApp; Meta Platforms, Inc., Menlo Park, CA, USA). RESULTS This retrospective analysis included sixty-one adolescents (mean age 13.4 years, females and males). KLS treatment markedly and quickly reduced fever and symptoms severity. In addition, the treatment was very well tolerated by all adolescents. CONCLUSIONS Adolescents present peculiar psychological characteristics that may determine some difficulties in prompt management of AURI treatment, while an adolescent with a respiratory infection requires a prompt and adequate cure. KLS, thanks to its pharmacologic profile, could be favorably used in this context. In addition, the treatment was safe, and the acceptability was high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gian L Marseglia
- Pediatric Clinic, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Daniele Veraldi
- Pediatric Clinic, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
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Marseglia GL, Ciprandi G. Clinical use of ketoprofen lysine salt: a reappraisal in adolescents with acute respiratory infections. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2023; 51:76-82. [PMID: 37937499 DOI: 10.15586/aei.v51i6.918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Upper respiratory infections are widespread, and they are mainly of viral etiology. It has to be remarked that every infection is always associated with an inflammatory response. Inflammation implicates a cascade of bothersome symptoms, including fever, pain (headache, myalgia, and arthralgia), malaise, and respiratory complaints. As a result, anti-inflammatory medications could be beneficial as they act on different pathogenetic pathways. The ketoprofen lysine salt (KLS) has a potent anti-inflammatory activity associated with effective analgesic and antipyretic effects and has a valuable safety profile. However, adolescents present peculiar psychological characteristics that determine their difficulty to be managed. In this regard, an adolescent with a respiratory infection requires a prompt and adequate cure. KLS, thanks to its pharmacologic profile, could be favorably used in this regard. A recent primary-care experience outlined its effectiveness in this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gian Luigi Marseglia
- Pediatric Clinic, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy;
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Aramini A, Bianchini G, Lillini S, Tomassetti M, Pacchiarotti N, Canestrari D, Cocchiaro P, Novelli R, Dragani MC, Palmerio F, Mattioli S, Bordignon S, d'Angelo M, Castelli V, d'Egidio F, Maione S, Luongo L, Boccella S, Cimini A, Brandolini L, Chierotti MR, Allegretti M. Ketoprofen, lysine and gabapentin co-crystal magnifies synergistic efficacy and tolerability of the constituent drugs: Pre-clinical evidences towards an innovative therapeutic approach for neuroinflammatory pain. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 163:114845. [PMID: 37167730 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain is an enormous public health concern, and its treatment is still an unmet medical need. Starting from data highlighting the promising effects of some nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in combination with gabapentin in pain treatment, we sought to combine ketoprofen lysine salt (KLS) and gabapentin to obtain an effective multimodal therapeutic approach for chronic pain. Using relevant in vitro models, we first demonstrated that KLS and gabapentin have supra-additive effects in modulating key pathways in neuropathic pain and gastric mucosal damage. To leverage these supra-additive effects, we then chemically combined the two drugs via co-crystallization to yield a new compound, a ternary drug-drug co-crystal of ketoprofen, lysine and gabapentin (KLS-GABA co-crystal). Physicochemical, biodistribution and pharmacokinetic studies showed that within the co-crystal, ketoprofen reaches an increased gastrointestinal solubility and permeability, as well as a higher systemic exposure in vivo compared to KLS alone or in combination with gabapentin, while both the constituent drugs have increased central nervous system permeation. These unique characteristics led to striking, synergistic anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of KLS-GABA co-crystal, as well as significantly reduced spinal neuroinflammation, in translational inflammatory and neuropathic pain rat models, suggesting that the synergistic therapeutic effects of the constituent drugs are further boosted by the co-crystallization. Notably, while strengthening the therapeutic effects of ketoprofen, KLS-GABA co-crystal showed remarkable gastrointestinal tolerability in both inflammatory and chronic neuropathic pain rat models. In conclusion, these results allow us to propose KLS-GABA co-crystal as a new drug candidate with high potential clinical benefit-to-risk ratio for chronic pain treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Aramini
- R&D, Dompé Farmaceutici S.p.A, Via Campo di Pilel, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Gianluca Bianchini
- R&D, Dompé Farmaceutici S.p.A, Via Campo di Pilel, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Samuele Lillini
- R&D, Dompé Farmaceutici S.p.A, Via De Amicis, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Mara Tomassetti
- R&D, Dompé Farmaceutici S.p.A, Via De Amicis, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | | | - Daniele Canestrari
- R&D, Dompé Farmaceutici S.p.A, Via Campo di Pilel, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | | | - Rubina Novelli
- R&D, Dompé Farmaceutici S.p.A, Via S. Lucia, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Simone Mattioli
- R&D, Dompé Farmaceutici S.p.A, Via De Amicis, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Simone Bordignon
- Department of Chemistry and NIS Centre, University of Torino, 10124 Torino, Italy
| | - Michele d'Angelo
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Vanessa Castelli
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Francesco d'Egidio
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Sabatino Maione
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Livio Luongo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Serena Boccella
- R&D, Dompé Farmaceutici S.p.A, Via De Amicis, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Annamaria Cimini
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy; Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine and Center for Biotechnology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Laura Brandolini
- R&D, Dompé Farmaceutici S.p.A, Via Campo di Pilel, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
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Kuczyńska J, Nieradko-Iwanicka B. Comparison of the effects of ketoprofen and ketoprofen lysine salt on the Wistar rats' nervous system, kidneys and liver after ethyl alcohol intoxication. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 161:114456. [PMID: 36870283 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Side effects of Ketoprofen and ketoprofen lysine salt (KLS) may be inter alia from the central nervous system, kidneys and liver. After binge drinking people often use ketoprofen, which increases the risk for the occurrence of side effects. The aim of the study was to compere effects of ketoprofen and KLS on the nervous system, kidneys and liver after ethyl alcohol intoxication. There were 6 groups of 6 male rats which received: ethanol; 0.9%NaCl; 0.9%NaCl and ketoprofen; ethanol and ketoprofen; 0.9%NaCl and KLS; ethanol and KLS. On day 2, the motor coordination test on a rotary rod and memory and motor activity test in the Y-maze were performed. Hot plate test was performed on day 6. After euthanasia brains, livers and kidneys were taken to histopathological tests. Motor coordination was significant worse in group 5 vs 1,3, p 0.05. Spontaneous motor activity of group 6 was significant better than that of groups 1,5. Pain tolerance of group 6 was significant worse than that of groups 1,4,5. Liver and kidney mass were significantly lower in group 6 vs group 3,5 and vs group 1,3, respectively. The histopathologic examination of the brains and kidneys revealed normal picture in all groups, without signs of inflammation. In the histopathologic examination of the livers in one animal in group 3 some of the specimens showed perivascular inflammation. After alcohol ketoprofen is a better painkiller than KLS. Spontaneous motor activity is better after KLS after alcohol. Both drugs have a similar effect on the kidneys and liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Kuczyńska
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 7 Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; Doctoral School, Medical University of Lublin, Poland.
| | - Barbara Nieradko-Iwanicka
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 7 Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland.
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Mariniello DF, Allocca V, D’Agnano V, Villaro R, Lanata L, Bagnasco M, Aronne L, Bianco A, Perrotta F. Strategies Tackling Viral Replication and Inflammatory Pathways as Early Pharmacological Treatment for SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Any Potential Role for Ketoprofen Lysine Salt? MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27248919. [PMID: 36558048 PMCID: PMC9782495 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 is an infective disease resulting in widespread respiratory and non-respiratory symptoms prompted by SARS-CoV-2 infection. Interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and host cell receptors prompts activation of pro-inflammatory pathways which are involved in epithelial and endothelial damage mechanisms even after viral clearance. Since inflammation has been recognized as a critical step in COVID-19, anti-inflammatory therapies, including both steroids and non-steroids as well as cytokine inhibitors, have been proposed. Early treatment of COVID-19 has the potential to affect the clinical course of the disease regardless of underlying comorbid conditions. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), which are widely used for symptomatic relief of upper airway infections, became the mainstay of early phase treatment of COVID-19. In this review, we discuss the current evidence for using NSAIDs in early phases of SARS-CoV-2 infection with focus on ketoprofen lysine salt based on its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenica Francesca Mariniello
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 80131 Naples, Italy
- U.O.C. Clinica Pneumologica “L. Vanvitelli”, A.O. dei Colli, Ospedale Monaldi, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Valentino Allocca
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 80131 Naples, Italy
- U.O.C. Clinica Pneumologica “L. Vanvitelli”, A.O. dei Colli, Ospedale Monaldi, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Vito D’Agnano
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 80131 Naples, Italy
- U.O.C. Clinica Pneumologica “L. Vanvitelli”, A.O. dei Colli, Ospedale Monaldi, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Riccardo Villaro
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Lanata
- Medical Deptartment, Dompé Farmaceutici SpA, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Luigi Aronne
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 80131 Naples, Italy
- U.O.C. Clinica Pneumologica “L. Vanvitelli”, A.O. dei Colli, Ospedale Monaldi, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Bianco
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 80131 Naples, Italy
- U.O.C. Clinica Pneumologica “L. Vanvitelli”, A.O. dei Colli, Ospedale Monaldi, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Fabio Perrotta
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 80131 Naples, Italy
- U.O.C. Clinica Pneumologica “L. Vanvitelli”, A.O. dei Colli, Ospedale Monaldi, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Ketoprofen lysine salt has a better gastrointestinal and renal tolerability than ketoprofen acid: A comparative tolerability study in the Beagle dog. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113336. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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New uses of ketoprofen – a review of studies from 2015 to 2021. CURRENT ISSUES IN PHARMACY AND MEDICAL SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/cipms-2022-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Ketoprofen (K) belongs to the family of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and demonstrates analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties. K is one of the most commonly used NSAIDs because of the speed and effectiveness of its activity. K is currently used for the treatment of pain and treatment of symptoms in rheumatic diseases, however, many researchers are looking for new uses of K. The aim of the review was to present the possible applications of K as indicated in current literature. We searched research literature and compiled all the reports (2015 onwards) we could find about new possible employments of K in health practices. Many studies have been aimed at obtaining new uses of K. This article describes the use of ketoprofen lysine salt for treating injured gastric mucosa, the anti-allergic potential of K, the employment of K in treating nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, human lymphedema and seizures, as well as the antidepressant and anxiolytic effects of K, prospects for the use of K in oncology and transplantology. The findings of the review confirm that K, its derivatives and complexes have many newly discovered effects. It is likely that in the future, K will have more indications than it has today.
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L-Methionine Protects against Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in an In Vitro Model of Parkinson's Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10091467. [PMID: 34573099 PMCID: PMC8469212 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Methionine is an aliphatic, sulfur-containing, essential amino acid that has been demonstrated to have crucial roles in metabolism, innate immunity, and activation of endogenous antioxidant enzymes, including methionine sulfoxide reductase A/B and the biosynthesis of glutathione to counteract oxidative stress. Still, methionine restriction avoids altered methionine/transmethylation metabolism, thus reducing DNA damage and possibly avoiding neurodegenerative processes. In this study, we wanted to study the preventive effects of methionine in counteracting 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced injury. In particular, we analyzed the protective effects of the amino acid L-methionine in an in vitro model of Parkinson's disease and dissected the underlying mechanisms compared to the known antioxidant taurine to gain insights into the potential of methionine treatment in slowing the progression of the disease by maintaining mitochondrial functionality. In addition, to ascribe the effects of methionine on mitochondria and oxidative stress, methionine sulfoxide was used in place of methionine. The data obtained suggested that an L-methionine-enriched diet could be beneficial during aging to protect neurons from oxidative imbalance and mitochondrial dysfunction, thus preventing the progression of neurodegenerative processes.
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Kuczyńska J, Nieradko-Iwanicka B. The effect of ketoprofen lysine salt on mucosa of rat stomach after ethyl alcohol intoxication. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 141:111938. [PMID: 34328086 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ketoprofen is a commonly used nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) with analgesic and antipyretic properties. Side effects of ketoprofen occur mainly from the gastrointestinal tract due to the inhibition of cyclooxygenaze-1. Binge drinking at least once a week is reported by 80 million Europeans. On the day after many of them use NSAIDs. This increases the risk for damage of gastric mucosa. AIM The aim of the study was to check if use of ketoprofen lysine salt (KLS) has any gastroprotective effect on mucosa of rat stomach after ethyl alcohol intoxication. MATERIALS AND METHODS There were 6 groups of 6 male rats which received: RESULTS: In groups 1, 2 and 3 the histopathologic examination of the stomachs revealed normal picture, without signs of inflammation. In the group 4, 5 and 6 within the mucosa and submucosa there were visible numerous infiltrates of inflammatory cells, consisting mainly of lymphocytes, plasmocytes and eosinophilia. Total leukocyte count was elevated in group 3, 4, 6. There was a significant decrease of blood urea concentration in group 6 vs 2 and significant decrease of serum albumin in group 6 vs 1 and 2, and total protein vs group 1. CONCLUSION Side effects of ketoprofen occur mainly from the gastrointestinal tract. KLS has no gastroprotective effect after ethanol-gastric injury and does not protect gastric mucosa from damage produced by binge drinking. Therefore it should not be used after drinking distilled spirits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Kuczyńska
- Chair and Department of Hygiene, Medical University of Lublin, Radziwillowska 11 Street, 20-080 Lublin, Poland; Doctoral School, Medical University of Lublin, Poland.
| | - Barbara Nieradko-Iwanicka
- Chair and Department of Hygiene, Medical University of Lublin, Radziwillowska 11 Street, 20-080 Lublin, Poland.
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Kuczyńska J, Nieradko-Iwanicka B. Future prospects of ketoprofen in improving the safety of the gastric mucosa. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 139:111608. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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Varrassi G, Alon E, Bagnasco M, Lanata L, Mayoral-Rojals V, Paladini A, Pergolizzi JV, Perrot S, Scarpignato C, Tölle T. Towards an Effective and Safe Treatment of Inflammatory Pain: A Delphi-Guided Expert Consensus. Adv Ther 2019; 36:2618-2637. [PMID: 31485978 PMCID: PMC6822819 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-019-01053-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The clinical management of inflammatory pain requires an optimal balance between effective analgesia and associated safety risks. To date, mechanisms associated with inflammatory pain are not completely understood because of their complex nature and the involvement of both peripheral and central mechanisms. This Expert Consensus document is intended to update clinicians about evolving areas of clinical practice and/or available treatment options for the management of patients with inflammatory pain. METHOD An international group of experts in pain management covering the pharmacology, neurology and rheumatology fields carried out an independent qualitative systematic literature search using MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. RESULTS Existing guidelines for pain management provide recommendations that do not satisfactorily address the complex nature of pain. To achieve optimal outcomes, drug choices should be individualized to guarantee the best match between the characteristics of the patient and the properties of the medication. NSAIDs represent an important prescribing choice in the management of inflammatory pain, and the recent results on paracetamol question its appropriate use in clinical practice, raising the need for re-evaluation of the recommendations in the clinical practice guidelines. CONCLUSIONS Increasing clinicians' knowledge of the available pharmacologic options to treat different pain mechanisms offers the potential for safe, individualized treatment decisions. We hope that it will help implement the needed changes in the management of inflammatory pain by providing the best strategies and new insights to achieve the ultimate goal of managing the disease and obtaining optimal benefits for patients. FUNDING Dompé Farmaceutici SPA and Paolo Procacci Foundation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giustino Varrassi
- Paolo Procacci Foundation, Rome, Italy.
- President of World Institute of Pain (WIP), Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
| | - Eli Alon
- University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michela Bagnasco
- Medical Affairs Department, Dompé Farmaceutici SpA, Milan, Italy
| | - Luigi Lanata
- Medical Affairs Department, Dompé Farmaceutici SpA, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Serge Perrot
- Descartes University and Cochin-Hotel Dieu Hospital, Paris, France
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