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Pereira-de-Morais L, Alencar Silva AD, Sena Bastos CMD, Dias FJ, Menezes Dantas DD, Araújo MC, da Silva RER, Ferreira-da-Silva FW, Barbosa R, Leal-Cardoso JH. Citral relaxes umbilical vessels of normotensive and preeclamptic parturients. Placenta 2024; 152:65-71. [PMID: 38810530 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2024.05.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Citral is a low-toxicity monoterpene that has a vasodilator effect on various smooth muscles, and The present study aimed to evaluate its vasorelaxant effect on umbilical vessels of normotensive parturients (NTP) and with preeclampsia parturients (PEP). METHOD Segments of human umbilical artery (HUA) and vein (HUV) of NTP or PEP were mounted in a bath to record the force of contraction, under tension of 3.0 gf and contracted with the contracting agents: K+ (60 mM), 5 -HT (10 μM) and Ba2+ (1-30 mM). Next, the effect of citral (1-3000 μM) on these contractions and on basal tone was evaluated. RESULTS In HUA and HUV, citral (1-1000 μM), in NTP condition, inhibited contractions evoked by K+ (IC50 of 413.5 and 271.3, respectively) and by 5-HT (IC50 of 164.8 and 574.3). In the PEP condition, in HUA and HUV, citral also inhibited the contractions evoked by K+ (IC50 of 363.3 and 218.3, respectively) and 5-HT (IC50 of 432.1 and 520.4). At a concentration of 1000 μM, citral completely or almost completely (>90 %) inhibited all contractions. At a concentration of 100-1000 μM, citral, in general, was already able to reduce the contraction induced by 1-3 mM Ba2+ in both AUH and VUH, under NTP and PEP conditions. DISCUSSION Citral has been shown to be an effective HUA and HUV vasodilator in NTP and PEP. As its toxicity is low, it suggests that this substance can be considered a potential therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís Pereira-de-Morais
- Northeastern Biotechnology Network, State University of Ceará, Itapery Campus, 60741-000, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Andressa de Alencar Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Physiological Sciences, State University of Ceará, Itapery Campus, 60741-000 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Carla Mikevely de Sena Bastos
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Pimenta Campus, 63105-010 Crato, CE, Brazil
| | - Francisco Junio Dias
- Multicenter Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology - Federal University of Cariri, 63048-080 Juazeiro do Norte, CE, Brazil
| | - Debora de Menezes Dantas
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Pimenta Campus, 63105-010 Crato, CE, Brazil
| | - Marília Cavalcante Araújo
- Postgraduate Program in Physiological Sciences, State University of Ceará, Itapery Campus, 60741-000 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | | | | | - Roseli Barbosa
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Pimenta Campus, 63105-010 Crato, CE, Brazil
| | - José Henrique Leal-Cardoso
- Northeastern Biotechnology Network, State University of Ceará, Itapery Campus, 60741-000, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Physiological Sciences, State University of Ceará, Itapery Campus, 60741-000 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
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Kovo M, Berman E, Odeh H, Luria O, Beloosesky R, Bar J. The effects of inflammation and acidosis on placental blood vessels reactivity. Placenta 2023; 144:8-12. [PMID: 37949032 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2023.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Inflammation and acidosis are two stress stimuli that correspond to pathophysiological processes occurring in placental-mediated vascular disorders. We aimed to investigate the effects of these stimuli on placental chorionic blood vessels reactivity using the ex-vivo placental perfusion model. METHODS Term placentas were obtained immediately after cesarean deliveries, and selected cotyledons were cannulated and dually perfused ex-vivo. Placentas were perfused with three different protocols: culture medium (M199-controls, n = 5), culture medium with lipopolysaccharide (inflammatory stimuli) (LPS,1 μg/ml, n = 7), and acidotic culture medium (M - 199, pH: 6.9-7, n = 6). Each perfusion experiment was maintained for 180 min. Fetal perfusion pressure was continuously measured. Measurements in response to angiotensin II (AT II) at the end of the perfusion were compared between the treatment groups, including amplitude of the contraction response, relaxation factor, time to maximal constriction and the area under the pressure curve (AUC). RESULTS In response to ATII there was a significant difference in the amplitude of the contraction and the AUC between the treatment groups, (p = 0.049, p = 0.015, respectively). As compared with control perfused cotyledon, the inflammatory stimuli significantly increased the vasoconstriction response to ATII in fetal placental blood vessels, as expressed by increased AUC - median (IQR): 555 (235-1184) vs. 133 (118-207), respectively, p = 0.017. The time to maximal constriction and the relaxation factor did not differ between the groups. DISCUSSION Inflammatory stimuli but not acidosis impact fetal-placental vasculature in response to ATII, suggesting that inflammation can compromise vascular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Kovo
- Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel; Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
| | - Erez Berman
- Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel; Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Hind Odeh
- Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel
| | - Oded Luria
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Jacob Bar
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel; Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel
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Tang H, Li H, Li D, Peng J, Zhang X, Yang W. The Gut Microbiota of Pregnant Rats Alleviates Fetal Growth Restriction by Inhibiting the TLR9/MyD88 Pathway. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 33:1213-1227. [PMID: 37416999 PMCID: PMC10580896 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2304.04020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is a prevalent obstetric condition. This study aimed to investigate the role of Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) in regulating the inflammatory response and gut microbiota structure in FGR. An FGR animal model was established in rats, and ODN1668 and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) were administered. Changes in gut microbiota structure were assessed using 16S rRNA sequencing, and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) was conducted. HTR-8/Svneo cells were treated with ODN1668 and HCQ to evaluate cell growth. Histopathological analysis was performed, and relative factor levels were measured. The results showed that FGR rats exhibited elevated levels of TLR9 and myeloid differentiating primary response gene 88 (MyD88). In vitro experiments demonstrated that TLR9 inhibited trophoblast cell proliferation and invasion. TLR9 upregulated lipopolysaccharide (LPS), LPS-binding protein (LBP), interleukin (IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α while downregulating IL-10. TLR9 activated the TARF3-TBK1-IRF3 signaling pathway. In vivo experiments showed HCQ reduced inflammation in FGR rats, and the relative cytokine expression followed a similar trend to that observed in vitro. TLR9 stimulated neutrophil activation. HCQ in FGR rats resulted in changes in the abundance of Eubacterium_coprostanoligenes_group at the family level and the abundance of Eubacterium_coprostanoligenes_group and Bacteroides at the genus level. TLR9 and associated inflammatory factors were correlated with Bacteroides, Prevotella, Streptococcus, and Prevotellaceae_Ga6A1_group. FMT from FGR rats interfered with the therapeutic effects of HCQ. In conclusion, our findings suggest that TLR9 regulates the inflammatory response and gut microbiota structure in FGR, providing new insights into the pathogenesis of FGR and suggesting potential therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Tang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Changsha Hospital for Maternal & Child Health Care Affiliated to Hunan Normal University, 416 Chengnan Dong Lu, Yuhua District, 410007, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Hanmei Li
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Changsha Hospital for Maternal & Child Health Care Affiliated to Hunan Normal University, 416 Chengnan Dong Lu, Yuhua District, 410007, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Changsha Hospital for Maternal & Child Health Care Affiliated to Hunan Normal University, 416 Chengnan Dong Lu, Yuhua District, 410007, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Jing Peng
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Changsha Hospital for Maternal & Child Health Care Affiliated to Hunan Normal University, 416 Chengnan Dong Lu, Yuhua District, 410007, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Xian Zhang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Changsha Hospital for Maternal & Child Health Care Affiliated to Hunan Normal University, 416 Chengnan Dong Lu, Yuhua District, 410007, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Weitao Yang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Changsha Hospital for Maternal & Child Health Care Affiliated to Hunan Normal University, 416 Chengnan Dong Lu, Yuhua District, 410007, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
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Khan S, Khalid A, Yang R, Khalid F, Zahid MH, Liu H, Zhang Y, Wang Z. Effect of Bacillus subtilis Supplemented Diet on Broiler's Intestinal Microbiota and TLRs Gene Expression. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2023:10.1007/s12602-023-10144-9. [PMID: 37709981 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-023-10144-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary Bacillus subtilis supplementation on gut microbiota diversity, digestive enzyme activity, and Toll-like receptor (TLR) expression in broiler chickens. A total of 240 "817" crossbred broiler chickens were randomly assigned to four groups: control (basal diet, BD), group I (BD + 300 g/d B. subtilis at 1.08 × 107 CFU/kg), group II (BD + 600 g/d B. subtilis at 2.16 × 107 CFU/kg), and group III (BD + 900 g/d B. subtilis at 3.24 × 107 CFU/kg). Gut microbiota analysis revealed significant improvements in the abundance of specific microorganisms in the treatment groups, with distinct variations in the core microorganisms between the groups. Notably, protease activity in the ileum was significantly increased in groups II (22.59%; p < 0.01) and III (14.49%; p < 0.05) compared to that in the control group. Moreover, significant up-regulation of TLR1A and TLR7 expression was observed in jejunum and cecum of the treated groups. Additionally, the TLR1B expression in the ileum was significantly increased. Furthermore, TLR2A and MyD88 transcription levels were significantly elevated in the jejunum, liver, spleen, and kidneys of experimental groups. Modulations in the expression of various TLR's (TLR2B, TLR3, TLR4, TLR15, and TLR21) were also observed in different organs. The spleen and kidney of B. subtilis-supplemented chickens exhibited upregulated expression of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β. Dietary supplementation with B. subtilis in broiler chickens improved the gut microbiota diversity and significantly upregulated TLR's expression in various organs. B. subtilis could be a valuable feed additive, contributing to improved disease management and overall health in broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salman Khan
- College of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Anam Khalid
- College of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Ru Yang
- College of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Fatima Khalid
- College of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Muhammad Hamza Zahid
- College of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Haozhe Liu
- College of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Yunhua Zhang
- School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China.
| | - Zaigui Wang
- College of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China.
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Vacher CM, Bonnin A, Mir IN, Penn AA. Editorial: Advances and perspectives in neuroplacentology. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1206072. [PMID: 37274324 PMCID: PMC10236794 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1206072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Claire-Marie Vacher
- Department of Pediatrics, NewYork Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, United States
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Alexandre Bonnin
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Imran N. Mir
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Anna A. Penn
- Department of Pediatrics, NewYork Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, United States
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
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Wang L, Zhang L, Fan Y, Peng Y, Song D, Fu J, Wang X. Human placenta-based genome-wide mRNA sequencing to identify TEK/IGF1/CSF1/ANGPT2 as crucial segments in the pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia. Front Genet 2022; 13:944932. [PMID: 36160014 PMCID: PMC9493102 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.944932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pre-eclampsia is a pregnancy-specific disease commonly occurring in late pregnancy and has always been threatening maternal and fetal lives, yet the etiology and pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia are still uncertain. To depict the overall changes of genes at the genome-wide level and identify potential biomarkers for early diagnosis of pre-eclampsia, we conducted this study by collecting placenta samples donated by six pregnancy women, among whom three healthy women were included as controls and three women were diagnosed with pre-eclampsia. The placental sample tissues were then subjected to high-throughput sequencing. Furthermore, we proceeded with bioinformatics analysis and formulated the hypothesis of pre-eclampsia development and verified the potential targets of pre-eclampsia by immunohistochemistry. Demographically, we found that the baseline characteristics of study subjects were highly homogeneous except for gestational weeks and blood pressure, where the blood pressure was higher and gestational weeks were shorter in the pre-eclampsia group (systolic blood pressure 123.33 ± 4.62 vs. 148.67 ± 3.79 mmHg, p = 0.046; diastolic blood pressure 79.00 ± 5.20 vs. 88.33 ± 2.89 mmHg, p = 0.068; gestational weeks 39.33 ± 1.03 vs. 35.76 ± 2.41, p = 0.050). Specific pathological changes were identified, shown as syncytial knots, fibrinoid necrosis, perivillous fibrin deposition, and vasculitis. For high-throughput sequencing, a total of 1,891 dysregulated genes were determined, of which 960 genes were downregulated and 931 genes were upregulated. The bioinformatics analysis indicated that these genes, with different molecular functions in different parts of cells, were primarily responsible for endothelium development and vascular process in the circulatory system, and more than 10 signaling pathways were involved. By focusing on the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, Rap1 signaling pathway, and disease enrichment analysis item pre-eclampsia, TEK, CSF1, IGF1, and ANGPT2 were identified to promote the development of pre-eclampsia. After confirming the placental expression of these genes at the protein level, we proposed the pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia as follows: the downregulation of TEK, CSF1, IGF1, and ANGPT2 may inhibit trophoblast proliferation and affect the remodeling of spiral arteries, causing maternal and fetal malperfusion and impeding nutrient exchange, thereby leading to clinical manifestations of pre-eclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifeng Wang
- Obstetrical Department, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Obstetrical Department, Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of National Health Commission of China, Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Shandong Province, Jinan, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Clinical Medical Research Center for Women and Children Diseases, Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Shandong Province, Jinan, China
| | - Yuqin Fan
- Obstetrical Department, Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of National Health Commission of China, Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Shandong Province, Jinan, China
| | - Yanjie Peng
- Clinical Medical Research Center for Women and Children Diseases, Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Shandong Province, Jinan, China
| | - Dandan Song
- Clinical Medical Research Center for Women and Children Diseases, Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Shandong Province, Jinan, China
| | - Jinfeng Fu
- Obstetrical Department, Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of National Health Commission of China, Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Shandong Province, Jinan, China
| | - Xietong Wang
- Obstetrical Department, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Obstetrical Department, Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of National Health Commission of China, Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Shandong Province, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Xietong Wang,
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Du J, Wang P, Gou Q, Jin S, Xue H, Li D, Tian D, Sun J, Zhang X, Teng X, Wu Y. Hydrogen sulfide ameliorated preeclampsia via suppression of toll-like receptor 4-activated inflammation in the rostral ventrolateral medulla of rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 150:113018. [PMID: 35483194 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to determine whether toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-mediated inflammation in rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) causes sympathetic overactivity leading to preeclampsia (PE) and if TLR4 inhibition with hydrogen sulfide (H2S) would reduce PE severity. Thirty patients with PE and 30 pregnant controls were involved. PE in rats was induced through deoxycorticosterone acetate and normal saline. NaHS (donor of H2S), lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (TLR4 agonist), and TAK-242 (TLR4 inhibitor) were injected in lateral cerebral ventricle to investigate their effect on microglia-mediated inflammation in RVLM, sympathetic activation, and PE symptoms. In patients with PE, plasma levels of NE, TNF-α, and interleukin-1β were high compared with those of controls, whereas levels of H2S were low. Rats with PE showed an increased amount of renal sympathetic nerve activity and plasma levels of NE, with decreased H2S levels in RVLM. Microglia-mediated inflammation was observed in the RVLM of PE rats. Central infusion of LPS in pregnant rats induced microglia-mediated inflammation, sympathetic nervous tension, and PE-like symptoms, whereas TAK-242 reduced PE symptoms. NaHS treatment lessened microglia-mediated inflammation in the RVLM, sympathetic tension, and symptoms of PE both in PE rats and LPS-treating pregnant rats.These results suggest that inflammation in the RVLM caused by microglial activation might contribute to the progression of PE via an overactive sympathetic system. H2S could reduce PE via inhibiting inflammation in the RVLM. These results might provide a new target for the treatment of PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiexian Du
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Qi Gou
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Sheng Jin
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Hongmei Xue
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Desi Li
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China; Department of Medical, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Danyang Tian
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jianping Sun
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiangjian Zhang
- Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio-Cerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xu Teng
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.
| | - Yuming Wu
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China; Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio-Cerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang, China.
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Olude MA, Mouihate A, Mustapha OA, Farina C, Quintana FJ, Olopade JO. Astrocytes and Microglia in Stress-Induced Neuroinflammation: The African Perspective. Front Immunol 2022; 13:795089. [PMID: 35707531 PMCID: PMC9190229 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.795089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Africa is laden with a youthful population, vast mineral resources and rich fauna. However, decades of unfortunate historical, sociocultural and leadership challenges make the continent a hotspot for poverty, indoor and outdoor pollutants with attendant stress factors such as violence, malnutrition, infectious outbreaks and psychological perturbations. The burden of these stressors initiate neuroinflammatory responses but the pattern and mechanisms of glial activation in these scenarios are yet to be properly elucidated. Africa is therefore most vulnerable to neurological stressors when placed against a backdrop of demographics that favor explosive childbearing, a vast population of unemployed youths making up a projected 42% of global youth population by 2030, repressive sociocultural policies towards women, poor access to healthcare, malnutrition, rapid urbanization, climate change and pollution. Early life stress, whether physical or psychological, induces neuroinflammatory response in developing nervous system and consequently leads to the emergence of mental health problems during adulthood. Brain inflammatory response is driven largely by inflammatory mediators released by glial cells; namely astrocytes and microglia. These inflammatory mediators alter the developmental trajectory of fetal and neonatal brain and results in long-lasting maladaptive behaviors and cognitive deficits. This review seeks to highlight the patterns and mechanisms of stressors such as poverty, developmental stress, environmental pollutions as well as malnutrition stress on astrocytes and microglia in neuroinflammation within the African context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Ayokunle Olude
- Vertebrate Morphology, Environmental Toxicology and Neuroscience Unit, College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
- *Correspondence: Matthew Ayokunle Olude,
| | - Abdeslam Mouihate
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Health Sciences Centre, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Oluwaseun Ahmed Mustapha
- Vertebrate Morphology, Environmental Toxicology and Neuroscience Unit, College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - Cinthia Farina
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCSS) San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE) and Division of Neuroscience, Milan, Italy
| | - Francisco Javier Quintana
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - James Olukayode Olopade
- Neuroscience Unit, Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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Investigation of the relationship between community-acquired respiratory distress syndrome toxin and the high-mobility group box protein 1-toll-like receptors-myeloid differentiation factor 88 signaling pathway in Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia. Ital J Pediatr 2022; 48:64. [PMID: 35505407 PMCID: PMC9066890 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-022-01254-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, reports of refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (RMPP) have gradually increased, including reports on how these conditions threaten the lives of children. However, the specific mechanism of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between community-acquired respiratory distress syndrome toxin (CARDS TX) and High-mobility group box protein 1-Toll-like receptors-Myeloid differentiation factor 88 (HMGB1-TLRs-MyD88) in MPP and to examine the immune pathogenesis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. METHODS Children who were diagnosed with MPP and examined by bronchoscopy were included in the MPP group. Additionally, children who underwent bronchoscopy because of bronchial foreign bodies in the same period were included in the control group. Gene expression of CARDS TX, HMGB1, Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), MyD88, and cluster of differentiation 14 (CD14) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were detected using real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Correlations between CARDS TX and HMGB1-TLRs-MyD88 were analyzed. RESULTS CARDS TX, HMGB1, TLR2, MyD88, and CD14 mRNA expression in BALF in the MPP group was significantly higher than that in the control group (all P < 0.05). CARDS TX mRNA expression was positively correlated with HMGB1, TLR2, MyD88, and CD14 mRNA expression (all P < 0.05). Furthermore, HMGB1 mRNA expression was positively correlated with TLR2, MyD88, and CD14 mRNA expression (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS CARDS TX may participate in the immune pathogenesis of MPP through the HMGB1-TLRs/CD14-MyD88 pathway.
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Novel insights into the SLC7A11-mediated ferroptosis signaling pathways in preeclampsia patients: identifying pannexin 1 and toll-like receptor 4 as innovative prospective diagnostic biomarkers. J Assist Reprod Genet 2022; 39:1115-1124. [PMID: 35325354 PMCID: PMC9107567 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-022-02443-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Ferroptosis is associated with oxidative stress (OS) and is caused by iron-dependent lipid-peroxidative damage, but its role in PE is unclear. The aim of this study is to determine whether pannexin 1 (Panx1) and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) are key regulators of ferroptosis in PE. METHODS The study included 65 patients with PE and 25 healthy pregnant women. In normal and PE placental tissues, OS and ferroptosis markers, including Fe2+, malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH) levels, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and glutathione peroxidase 4 (Gpx4) activity, were estimated. Panx1 and solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11) mRNA expression levels were relatively quantified in placental tissues using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), while serum Panx1, serum TLR4, and placental activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) levels were measured by ELISA. RESULTS In placental tissues, Panx1 and TLR4 expression levels were significantly increased in patients with PE compared to controls and were positively correlated with pro-ferroptosis mediators such as placental Fe2+ and MDA levels and negatively correlated with anti-ferroptosis regulators such as placental GSH level, HO-1, and Gpx4 activity. Additionally, Panx1 and TLR4 had a positive correlation with ATF3 and a negative correlation with SLC7A11. Serum Panx1 and TLR4 levels were positively correlated with their placental tissue expression and showed good diagnostic capabilities for ferroptosis in PE. CONCLUSION Therefore, Panx1 and TLR4 are suggested to induce ferroptosis in PE via SLC7A11-mediated signaling pathways, offering a novel perspective on PE pathogenesis and novel diagnostic tools for PE.
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Han VX, Jones HF, Patel S, Mohammad SS, Hofer MJ, Alshammery S, Maple-Brown E, Gold W, Brilot F, Dale RC. Emerging evidence of Toll-like receptors as a putative pathway linking maternal inflammation and neurodevelopmental disorders in human offspring: A systematic review. Brain Behav Immun 2022; 99:91-105. [PMID: 34562595 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is increasingly recognised to play a major role in gene-environment interactions in neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). The effects of aberrant immune responses to environmental stimuli in the mother and in the child can affect neuroimmune signalling that is central to brain development. Toll-like receptors (TLR) are the best known innate immune pattern and danger recognition sensors to various environmental threats. In animal models, maternal immune activation (MIA), secondary to inflammatory factors including maternal gestational infection, obesity, diabetes, and stress activate the TLR pathway in maternal blood, placenta, and fetal brain, which correlate with offspring neurobehavioral abnormalities. Given the central role of TLR activation in animal MIA models, we systematically reviewed the human evidence for TLR activation and response to stimulation across the maternal-fetal interface. Firstly, we included 59 TLR studies performed in peripheral blood of adults in general population (outside of pregnancy) with six chronic inflammatory factors which have epidemiological evidence for increased risk of offspring NDDs, namely, obesity, diabetes mellitus, depression, low socio-economic status, autoimmune diseases, and asthma. Secondly, eight TLR studies done in human pregnancies with chronic inflammatory factors, involving maternal blood, placenta, and cord blood, were reviewed. Lastly, ten TLR studies performed in peripheral blood of individuals with NDDs were included. Despite these studies, there were no studies which examined TLR function in both the pregnant mother and their offspring. Increased TLR2 and TLR4 mRNA and/or protein levels in peripheral blood were common in obesity, diabetes mellitus, depression, autoimmune thyroid disease, and rheumatoid arthritis. To a lesser degree, TLR 3, 7, 8, and 9 activation were found in peripheral blood of humans with autoimmune diseases and depression. In pregnancy, increased TLR4 mRNA levels were found in the peripheral blood of women with diabetes mellitus and systemic lupus erythematosus. Placental TLR activation was found in mothers with obesity or diabetes. Postnatally, dysregulated TLR response to stimulation was found in peripheral blood of individuals with NDDs. This systematic review found emerging evidence that TLR activation may represent a mechanistic link between maternal inflammation and offspring NDD, however the literature is incomplete and longitudinal outcome studies are lacking. Identification of pathogenic mechanisms in MIA could create preventive and therapeutic opportunities to mitigate NDD prevalence and severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Velda X Han
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Khoo-Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore; School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Hannah F Jones
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Department of Neuroservices, Starship Children's Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Shrujna Patel
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; The Children's Hospital at Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Shekeeb S Mohammad
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; The Children's Hospital at Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Markus J Hofer
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences and Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; The Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sarah Alshammery
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Molecular Neurobiology Research Laboratory, Kids Research, Children's Hospital at Westmead, and The Children's Medical Research Institute, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Emma Maple-Brown
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Molecular Neurobiology Research Laboratory, Kids Research, Children's Hospital at Westmead, and The Children's Medical Research Institute, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Wendy Gold
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; The Children's Hospital at Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Molecular Neurobiology Research Laboratory, Kids Research, Children's Hospital at Westmead, and The Children's Medical Research Institute, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Fabienne Brilot
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; The Children's Hospital at Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Molecular Neurobiology Research Laboratory, Kids Research, Children's Hospital at Westmead, and The Children's Medical Research Institute, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Russell C Dale
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; The Children's Hospital at Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; The Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
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12
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Hu J, Zhang R, Zou H, Xie L, Zhou Z, Xiao Y. Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults (LADA): From Immunopathogenesis to Immunotherapy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:917169. [PMID: 35937817 PMCID: PMC9350734 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.917169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) is a type of diabetes characterized by slow autoimmune damage of pancreatic β cells without insulin treatment in the early clinical stage. There are differences between LADA and classical type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) in genetic background, autoimmune response, rate of islet function decline, clinical metabolic characteristics, and so on. The disease progression and drug response of patients with LADA are closely related to the level of islet autoimmunity, thus exploring the pathogenesis of LADA is of great significance for its prevention and treatment. Previous studies reported that adaptive immunity and innate immunity play a critical role in the etiology of LADA. Recent studies have shown that the intestinal microbiota which impacts host immunity hugely, participates in the pathogenesis of LADA. In addition, the progression of autoimmune pancreatic β cell destruction in LADA is slower than in classical T1D, providing a wider window of opportunities for intervention. Therefore, therapies including antidiabetic drugs with immune-regulation effects and immunomodulators could contribute to promising interventions for LADA. We also shed light on potential interventions targeting the gut microbiota and gut-associated immunity, which may be envisaged to halt or delay the process of autoimmunity in LADA.
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13
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Sayed AM, Hassanein EHM, Ali FEM, Omar ZMM, Rashwan EK, Mohammedsaleh ZM, Abd El-Ghafar OAM. Regulation of Keap-1/Nrf2/AKT and iNOS/NF-κB/TLR4 signals by apocynin abrogated methotrexate-induced testicular toxicity: Mechanistic insights and computational pharmacological analysis. Life Sci 2021; 284:119911. [PMID: 34450167 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIM Male reproductive toxicity is becoming of growing significance due to clinical chemotherapy usage. Methotrexate (MTX) is an anti-folate used on a large scale for different tumors and autoimmune conditions. Despite its wide clinical use, MTX is associated with severe testicular intoxication. The exact underlying mechanism is unclear. METHODS Our study was conducted to explore the pathogenesis mechanism of MTX-induced testicular damage and the potential testicular protective effects of apocynin (APO) on testicular injury induced by single i.p. MTX (20 mg/kg). APO was administered orally (100 mg/kg) for ten days. RESULTS As compared to rats given MTX alone, co-administration of MTX with APO demonstrated multiple beneficial effects evidenced by a marked increase in testosterone, FSH, and LH and significantly restored testes histopathological alterations. Mechanistically, APO restored antioxidant status through up-regulation of Nrf2, cytoglobin, PPAR-γ, SIRT1, AKT, and p-AKT, while effectively lowering Keap-1. Moreover, APO significantly attenuated inflammation by down-regulating NF-κB-p65, iNOS, and TLR4 expressions confirmed by in-silico evidence. Additionally, network pharmacology analysis, a bioinformatics approach, was used to decipher various cellular processes' molecular mechanisms. SIGNIFICANCE The current investigation proves the beneficial effects of APO in MTX-associated testicular damage through activation of cytoglobin, Keap-1/Nrf2/AKT, PPAR-γ, SIRT1, and suppressing of TLR4/NF-κB-p65 signal. Our data collectively encourage extending the investigation to the clinical setting to explore APO effects in MTX-treated patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M Sayed
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Egypt
| | - Emad H M Hassanein
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Fares E M Ali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt.
| | - Zainab M M Omar
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt
| | - Eman K Rashwan
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Jouf University, Sakaka 42421, Saudi Arabia; Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Assuit 71524, Egypt
| | - Zuhair M Mohammedsaleh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omnia A M Abd El-Ghafar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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14
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Gao M, Cai C, Han X, Wang L, Zhang W, Zhang L, Yang L. The early stage of pregnancy modulates toll-like receptor signaling in the ovine liver. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2021.1990935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Meihong Gao
- Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunjiang Cai
- Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xu Han
- Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Luyu Wang
- Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weifeng Zhang
- Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Leying Zhang
- Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ling Yang
- Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, People’s Republic of China
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15
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Han VX, Patel S, Jones HF, Dale RC. Maternal immune activation and neuroinflammation in human neurodevelopmental disorders. Nat Rev Neurol 2021; 17:564-579. [PMID: 34341569 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-021-00530-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 73.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Maternal health during pregnancy plays a major role in shaping health and disease risks in the offspring. The maternal immune activation hypothesis proposes that inflammatory perturbations in utero can affect fetal neurodevelopment, and evidence from human epidemiological studies supports an association between maternal inflammation during pregnancy and offspring neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). Diverse maternal inflammatory factors, including obesity, asthma, autoimmune disease, infection and psychosocial stress, are associated with an increased risk of NDDs in the offspring. In addition to inflammation, epigenetic factors are increasingly recognized to operate at the gene-environment interface during NDD pathogenesis. For example, integrated brain transcriptome and epigenetic analyses of individuals with NDDs demonstrate convergent dysregulated immune pathways. In this Review, we focus on the emerging human evidence for an association between maternal immune activation and childhood NDDs, including autism spectrum disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and Tourette syndrome. We refer to established pathophysiological concepts in animal models, including immune signalling across the placenta, epigenetic 'priming' of offspring microglia and postnatal immune-brain crosstalk. The increasing incidence of NDDs has created an urgent need to mitigate the risk and severity of these conditions through both preventive strategies in pregnancy and novel postnatal therapies targeting disease mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Velda X Han
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shrujna Patel
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,The Children's Hospital at Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Hannah F Jones
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Neuroservices, Starship Children's Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Russell C Dale
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. .,The Children's Hospital at Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. .,The Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
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16
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Sun M, Jiang H, Meng T, Liu P, Chen H. Association Between TLR4 Gene Polymorphisms and Risk of Preeclampsia: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Med Sci Monit 2021; 27:e930438. [PMID: 34334784 PMCID: PMC8343538 DOI: 10.12659/msm.930438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) plays a pivotal role in the innate immune response and is hyperactivated in preeclampsia (PE). Several researchers have published conflicting evidence for TLR4 rs4986790 and rs4986791 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as risk factors for PE. The present meta-analysis was conducted to obtain a more definitive conclusion about the effects of these SNPs on PE susceptibility. MATERIAL AND METHODS To determine the correlation between rs4986790 and rs4986791 polymorphisms in the TLR4 gene and susceptibility to PE, the PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Chinese WANFANG databases were searched for eligible articles. Statistical analysis was performed with STATA software, version 12.0. Pooled odds ratios with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were extracted for assessment of correlation strength. RESULTS We identified 5 studies including 578 cases and 631 controls for the rs4986790 SNP and 4 studies including 469 cases and 457 controls for the rs4986791 SNP, mainly from a White population. The pooled analyses showed no statistical relationship between the polymorphisms rs4986790 and rs4986791 and PE susceptibility in 5 genetic models (all P>0.05). Moreover, the allelic and dominant gene models of rs4986790 and the allelic, heterozygous, and dominant gene models of rs4986791 had high heterogeneity. The sensitivity analysis explored potential sources of heterogeneity and confirmed the findings of this meta-analysis. CONCLUSIONS TLR4 rs4986790 and rs4986791 polymorphisms may not be implicated in PE susceptibility, primarily in a White population. More high-quality studies of genetic associations with PE are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manni Sun
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (mainland)
| | - Hui Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (mainland)
| | - Tao Meng
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (mainland)
| | - Peiyan Liu
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (mainland)
| | - Haiying Chen
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (mainland)
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17
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Zhang J, Liu X, Gao Y. Abnormal H3K27 histone methylation of RASA1 gene leads to unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion by regulating Ras-MAPK pathway in trophoblast cells. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:5109-5119. [PMID: 34173139 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06507-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Some studies suggest that the inactivation of the Ras-MAPK pathway in trophoblast cells can lead to recurrent abortion, but the molecular mechanism underlying the inactivation of this pathway in trophoblast cells is still unclear. This study aimed to explore the relationship between the mechanism of abnormal activation of RASA1, a regulatory protein of the Ras-MAPK pathway, and unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion. RT-qPCR was used to detect the transcription levels of RASA1 gene. Immunohistochemistry and Western blot were used to detect the expression levels of the RASA1, Raf and MEK proteins. CCK-8, TUNEL and Transwell assays were used to detect the proliferative, apoptotic, and invasive capacities of HTR-8/SVneo cells. ChIP assays were used to detect the enrichment of H3K27me3 in RASA1 gene promoter. Abortion villi experiments showed that the enrichment of H3K27me3 in the RASA1 gene promoter was reduced, and that both RASA1 gene transcription and RASA1 protein expression were increased. Cell experiments confirmed that RASA1 could decrease the phosphorylated Raf and MEK proteins, inhibit the proliferation and invasion ability, and promote the apoptosis ability of HTR-8/SVneo cells. It was also found that the proliferation and invasion ability as well as the Ras-MAPK pathway activity of HTR-8/SVneo cells were inhibited when treated with histone methyltransferase inhibitor DZNep. RASA1 gene was abnormally activated in unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion villi due to the decreased enrichment of H3K27me3 in the gene promoter. High expression of RASA1 could inhibit the activity of the Ras-MAPK pathway, and thus inhibit the proliferation and invasion ability of trophoblast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University), Shenzhen, 518020, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinqiong Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University), Shenzhen, 518020, People's Republic of China
| | - Yali Gao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University), Shenzhen, 518020, People's Republic of China.
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18
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Schust DJ, Bonney EA, Sugimoto J, Ezashi T, Roberts RM, Choi S, Zhou J. The Immunology of Syncytialized Trophoblast. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041767. [PMID: 33578919 PMCID: PMC7916661 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Multinucleate syncytialized trophoblast is found in three forms in the human placenta. In the earliest stages of pregnancy, it is seen at the invasive leading edge of the implanting embryo and has been called primitive trophoblast. In later pregnancy, it is represented by the immense, multinucleated layer covering the surface of placental villi and by the trophoblast giant cells found deep within the uterine decidua and myometrium. These syncytia interact with local and/or systemic maternal immune effector cells in a fine balance that allows for invasion and persistence of allogeneic cells in a mother who must retain immunocompetence for 40 weeks of pregnancy. Maternal immune interactions with syncytialized trophoblast require tightly regulated mechanisms that may differ depending on the location of fetal cells and their invasiveness, the nature of the surrounding immune effector cells and the gestational age of the pregnancy. Some specifically reflect the unique mechanisms involved in trophoblast cell–cell fusion (aka syncytialization). Here we will review and summarize several of the mechanisms that support healthy maternal–fetal immune interactions specifically at syncytiotrophoblast interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danny J. Schust
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65202, USA; (T.E.); (R.M.R.); (S.C.); (J.Z.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Elizabeth A. Bonney
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT 05405, USA;
| | - Jun Sugimoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan;
| | - Toshi Ezashi
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65202, USA; (T.E.); (R.M.R.); (S.C.); (J.Z.)
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - R. Michael Roberts
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65202, USA; (T.E.); (R.M.R.); (S.C.); (J.Z.)
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Sehee Choi
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65202, USA; (T.E.); (R.M.R.); (S.C.); (J.Z.)
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65202, USA; (T.E.); (R.M.R.); (S.C.); (J.Z.)
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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Vangrieken P, Al-Nasiry S, Bast A, Leermakers PA, Tulen CBM, Schiffers PMH, van Schooten FJ, Remels AHV. Placental Mitochondrial Abnormalities in Preeclampsia. Reprod Sci 2021; 28:2186-2199. [PMID: 33523425 PMCID: PMC8289780 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-021-00464-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Preeclampsia complicates 5–8% of all pregnancies worldwide, and although its pathophysiology remains obscure, placental oxidative stress and mitochondrial abnormalities are considered to play a key role. Mitochondrial abnormalities in preeclamptic placentae have been described, but the extent to which mitochondrial content and the molecular pathways controlling this (mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy) are affected in preeclamptic placentae is unknown. Therefore, in preeclamptic (n = 12) and control (n = 11) placentae, we comprehensively assessed multiple indices of placental antioxidant status, mitochondrial content, mitochondrial biogenesis, mitophagy, and mitochondrial fusion and fission. In addition, we also explored gene expression profiles related to inflammation and apoptosis. Preeclamptic placentae were characterized by higher levels of oxidized glutathione, a higher total antioxidant capacity, and higher mRNA levels of the mitochondrial-located antioxidant enzyme manganese-dependent superoxide dismutase 2 compared to controls. Furthermore, mitochondrial content was significantly lower in preeclamptic placentae, which was accompanied by an increased abundance of key constituents of glycolysis. Moreover, mRNA and protein levels of key molecules involved in the regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis were lower in preeclamptic placentae, while the abundance of constituents of the mitophagy, autophagy, and mitochondrial fission machinery was higher compared to controls. In addition, we found evidence for activation of apoptosis and inflammation in preeclamptic placentae. This study is the first to comprehensively demonstrate abnormalities at the level of the mitochondrion and the molecular pathways controlling mitochondrial content/function in preeclamptic placentae. These aberrations may well contribute to the pathophysiology of preeclampsia by upregulating placental inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. Graphical Abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Vangrieken
- School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands. .,School for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM), Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Salwan Al-Nasiry
- School for Oncology and Developmental Biology (GROW), Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Aalt Bast
- School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter A Leermakers
- School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Christy B M Tulen
- School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Paul M H Schiffers
- School for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Frederik J van Schooten
- School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Alex H V Remels
- School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Li M, Shen X, Liu H, Yang B, Lu S, Tang M, Ling Y, Li Y, Kuang H. Reduced neuropathy target esterase in pre-eclampsia suppresses tube formation of HUVECs via dysregulation of phospholipid metabolism. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:4435-4444. [PMID: 33184906 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recently, studies have shown that neuropathy target esterase (NTE) is essential to placental and normal blood vessel development. However, whether it is involved in abnormal placenta angiogenesis of pre-eclampsia remains unknown. Thus, our aim was to observe the expression of NTE in pre-eclamptic placentas and its effects and mechanism of NTE on the migration and the tube formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Immunohistochemical staining showed that the NTE protein was intensely located in blood vessels of the normal pregnant placenta. However, western blot revealed that the expression level of NTE protein was significantly reduced in pre-eclamptic placenta. The results indicated that overexpression of NTE significantly promoted the migration and the tube formation of HUVECs compared with those of the control and scramble short hairpin RNA (shRNA) group. Conversely, NTE shRNA obviously inhibited the migration and the tube formation of HUVECs. Additionally, chromatography assay evidenced that NTE overexpression significantly reduced the level of phosphatidylcholine (PC) of HUVECs, but NTE shRNA obviously increased the level of PC of HUVECs. Furthermore, exogenous PC and lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) significantly inhibited the tube formation of HUVECs in a dose-dependent manner. Collectively, our results suggest that reduced NTE in placenta may contribute to abnormal placenta angiogenesis of pre-eclampsia via the dysregulation of PC and LPC metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mo Li
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Shen
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Bei Yang
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Siying Lu
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Tang
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Ling
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuezhen Li
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology and Pathology, Medical Experimental Teaching Center, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Haibin Kuang
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China.,Department of Reproductive Medicine, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology and Pathology, Medical Experimental Teaching Center, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
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Wang B, Yang Y, Deng X, Ban Y, Chao L. Interaction of M2 macrophages and endometrial cells induces downregulation of GRIM-19 in endometria of adenomyosis. Reprod Biomed Online 2020; 41:790-800. [PMID: 32896475 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2020.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
RESEARCH QUESTION Does the aggregation of M2 macrophages affect the expression of gene associated with retinoid-interferon-induced mortality 19 (GRIM-19) in adenomyosis? DESIGN Endometrial tissues were collected from patients with (n = 15) and without (n = 15) adenomyosis. Tissues were analysed for GRIM-19 and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) expression by immunohistochemistry and western blotting. Apoptosis was analysed by TdT (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase)-mediated dUDP nick-end labelling (TUNEL) assay. Human endometrial stromal cells (HESC) were transfected with GRIM-19 small interfering RNA (SiRNA) to knockdown GRIM-19 expression. The HESC were co-cultured with M2 macrophages to detect the influence of M2 macrophages in HESC cells. Analyses included GRIM-19, caspase-3 and TLR4 expression by western blotting, and GRIM-19 and TLR4 by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry and TUNEL assay. Cell proliferation (Cell Counting Kit-8 assay) and migration assays were carried out. RESULTS The expression of GRIM-19 was significantly lower in adenomyosis lesions compared with controls (P < 0.001). Deficiency of GRIM-19 induced by siRNA decreased apoptosis and increased proliferation and migration in HESC. A significant decrease in GRIM-19 expression occurred in HESC after co-culture with M2 macrophages (P = 0.018). After co-culture with M2 macrophage, apoptosis decreased and proliferation and cell invasion in HESC increased. Protein (P = 0.006) and mRNA (P = 0.013) expression of TLR4 in HESC also reduced after this co-culture. Up-regulation of GRIM-19 occurred in HESC treated with the activator TLR4 (P = 0.016). Up-regulation of GRIM-19 was significantly reversed in cells treated with the TLR4 inhibitor (P = 0.011). CONCLUSION M2 macrophages may be involved in regulating the expression of GRIM-19 partly through the TLR4 signalling axis in adenomyosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingyu Wang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, PR China
| | - Yang Yang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, PR China
| | - Xiaohui Deng
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, PR China
| | - Yanli Ban
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, PR China
| | - Lan Chao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, PR China.
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22
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Justina VD, Giachini FR, Sullivan JC, Webb RC. Toll-Like Receptors Contribute to Sex Differences in Blood Pressure Regulation. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2020; 76:255-266. [PMID: 32902942 PMCID: PMC7751064 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play an important role in the innate immune system, and recently, they have been shown to be involved in the regulation of blood pressure. The incidence of hypertension is higher in men, and it increases in postmenopausal women. In fact, premenopausal women are protected from cardiovascular disease compared with age-matched men, and it is well established that this protective effect is lost with menopause. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this protection in women are unknown. Whether or not it could be related to differential activation of the innate immune system remains to be elucidated. This review focuses on (1) the differences between men and women in TLR activation and (2) whether TLR activation may influence the regulation of blood pressure in a sex-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Dela Justina
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Fernanda R. Giachini
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
- Institute of Health Sciences and Health, Universidad Federal De Mato Grosso, Barra Do Garcas, Brazil
| | - Jennifer C. Sullivan
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - R. Clinton Webb
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA
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23
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Firmal P, Shah VK, Chattopadhyay S. Insight Into TLR4-Mediated Immunomodulation in Normal Pregnancy and Related Disorders. Front Immunol 2020; 11:807. [PMID: 32508811 PMCID: PMC7248557 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Unlike organ transplants where an immunosuppressive environment is required, a successful pregnancy involves an extremely robust, dynamic, and responsive maternal immune system to maintain the development of the fetus. A specific set of hormones and cytokines are associated with a particular stage of pregnancy. Any disturbance that alters this fine balance could compromise the development and function of the placenta. Although there are numerous underlying causes of pregnancy-related complications, untimely activation of Toll-like receptors (TLR), primarily TLR4, by intrauterine microbes poses the greatest risk. TLR4 is an important Pattern Recognition Receptor (PRR), which activates both innate and adaptive immune cells. TLR4 activation by LPS or DAMPs leads to the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines via the MyD88 dependent or independent pathway. Immune cells modulate the materno–fetal interface by TLR4-mediated cytokine production, which changes at different stages of pregnancy. In most pregnancy disorders, such as PTB, PE, or placental malaria, the TLR4 expression is upregulated in immune cells or in maternal derived cells, leading to the aberrant production of pro-inflammatory cytokines at the materno–fetal interface. Lack of functional TLR4 in mice has reduced the pro-inflammatory responses, leading to an improved pregnancy, which further strengthens the fact that abnormal TLR4 activation creates a hostile environment for the developing fetus. A recent study proposed that endothelial and perivascular stromal cells should interact with each other in order to maintain a homeostatic balance during TLR4-mediated inflammation. It has been reported that depleting immune cells or supplying anti-inflammatory cytokines can prevent PTB, PE, or fetal death. Blocking TLR4 signaling or its downstream molecule by inhibitors or antagonists has proven to improve pregnancy-related complications to some extent in clinical and animal models. To date, there has been a lack of knowledge regarding whether TLR4 accessories such as CD14 and MD-2 are important in pregnancy and whether these accessory molecules could be promising drug targets for combinatorial treatment of various pregnancy disorders. This review mainly focuses on the activation of TLR4 during pregnancy, its immunomodulatory functions, and the upcoming advancement in this field regarding the improvement of pregnancy-related issues by various therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Firmal
- National Centre for Cell Science, S. P. Pune University Campus, Pune, India
| | - Vibhuti Kumar Shah
- National Centre for Cell Science, S. P. Pune University Campus, Pune, India
| | - Samit Chattopadhyay
- National Centre for Cell Science, S. P. Pune University Campus, Pune, India.,Department of Biological Sciences, BITS Pilani, K. K. Birla Goa Campus, Goa, India.,Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
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24
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Characteristics of Changes in Inflammatory Cytokines as a Function of Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Stage in Mice. Inflammation 2020; 42:2139-2147. [PMID: 31494794 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-019-01078-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Liver ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) can severely compromise the prognosis of patients receiving liver surgery. While inflammation contributes to the damage resulting from IRI, only a limited number of inflammation biomarkers have been identified as being associated with the different stages of hepatic IRI. As an approach to identify some of these inflammatory cytokines and the molecular mechanisms involved within different stages of hepatic IRI, we used an advanced antibody array assay to detect multiple proteins. With this technology, we observed specific differences in the content of inflammatory cytokines between ischemic and sham controls, as well as a function of the different reperfusion stages in a hepatic IRI mouse model. For example, while liver tissue content of IL-12p40/p70 was significantly increased in the ischemic stage, it was significantly decreased in the reperfusion stage as compared with that of the sham group. For other inflammatory cytokines, no changes were obtained between the ischemic and reperfusion stages with levels of IL-17, Eotaxin-2, Eotaxin, and sTNF RII all being consistently increased, while those of TIMP-1, TIMP-2, BLC, and MCSF consistently decreased as compared with that of the sham group at all reperfusion stages examined. Results from protein function annotation Gene Ontology and the KEGG pathway revealed that inflammatory cytokines are enriched in a network associated with activation of inflammatory response signaling pathways such as TLR, TNF, and IL-17 when comparing responses of the IR versus sham groups. The identification of cytokines along with their roles at specific stages of IRI may reveal important new biological markers for the diagnosis and prognosis of hepatic IRI.
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25
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Ovayolu A, Turksoy VA, Ovayolu G, Ozek MA, Dogan I, Karaman E. Analyses of interleukin-6, presepsin and pentraxin-3 in the diagnosis and severity of late-onset preeclampsia. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2020; 35:299-307. [PMID: 31964198 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2020.1716718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: The etiology/pathophysiology of preeclampsia remains an enigma. Maternal inflammation (humoral and cellular) is a key factor in the etiology of late-onset preeclampsia (L-PrE). Presepsin is split out from the phagocytes membranes after phagocytosis. It is known as a novel inflammation marker. To our knowledge, this is the first study in literature in English to investigate maternal blood concentrations of presepsin in preeclampsia and healthy pregnant women.Methods: We examined maternal plasma interleukin-6, presepsin and pentraxin-3 concentrations in pregnant women with (n = 44) and without L-PrE (n = 44). These three inflammatory markers concentrations measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were compared.Results: The mean maternal age and gestational age at sampling are similar in the both groups (p ≥ .05). Interleukin-6, presepsin and pentraxin-3 concentrations differed between the groups (p < .05). There was no difference between the three inflammatory markers concentrations in patients with mild (22 patients) and severe (22 patients) preeclampsia in L-PrE (p ≥ .05). A significant discriminative role of interleukin-6, presepsin and pentraxin-3 for presence of L-PrE, with cutoff values of 39.74 pg/mL, 309.88 mg/L and 34.96 ng/mL, respectively, were reported in a ROC curve analysis. When the patients with and without small for gestational age infants (12 patients and 76 patients, respectively) were compared, it was determined that there was no differences between the interleukin-6, but there were differences between the presepsin and pentraxin-3 concentrations (p = .016, p = .008, respectively).Conclusion: Lower concentrations of interleukin-6/presepsin and higher concentrations of pentraxin-3 were associated with the development of preeclampsia. Further investigations of inflammatory/immunity markers in pregnancy are required and may ultimately lead to novel therapeutic approaches to treat complications of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ovayolu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cengiz Gokcek Women's and Children's Hospital, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Vugar Ali Turksoy
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Bozok University, Yozgat, Turkey
| | | | - Murat Aykut Ozek
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cengiz Gokcek Women's and Children's Hospital, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Ilkay Dogan
- Department of Biostatistics, Gaziantep University Medical Faculty, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Erbil Karaman
- Department of Obstetric and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Yuzuncu Yil Universitesi, Van, Turkey
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26
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Research Progress of Mechanisms and Drug Therapy For Atherosclerosis on Toll-Like Receptor Pathway. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2019; 74:379-388. [PMID: 31730559 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Recent reports have established atherosclerosis (AS) as a major factor in the pathogenetic process of cardiovascular diseases such as ischemic stroke and coronary heart disease. Although the possible pathogenesis of AS remains to be elucidated, a large number of investigations strongly suggest that the inhibition of toll-like receptors (TLRs) alleviates the severity of AS to some extent by suppressing vascular inflammation and the formation of atherosclerotic plaques. As pattern recognition receptors, TLRs occupy a vital position in innate immunity, mediating various signaling pathways in infective and sterile inflammation. This review summarizes the available data on the research progress of AS and the latest antiatherosclerotic drugs associated with TLR pathway.
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27
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Beckers KF, Sones JL. Maternal microbiome and the hypertensive disorder of pregnancy, preeclampsia. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2019; 318:H1-H10. [PMID: 31626558 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00469.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy-specific disorder that can be life threatening for both mother and baby. It is characterized by a new onset hypertension during the second half of pregnancy and affects ~300,000 women in the United States every year. There is no cure for PE, and the only effective treatment is delivery of the placenta and the fetus, which is often preterm. PE is believed to be a severe manifestation of placental dysfunction due to early angiogenic imbalances and inflammatory disturbances; however, the cause of this is unknown. The once thought "sterile" placenta now has been proposed to have a unique microbiome of its own. Under ideal conditions, the microbiome represents a balanced bacterial community that is important to the maintenance of a healthy environment. Dysbiosis of these communities may lead to inflammation that potentially contributes to adverse pregnancy outcomes, such as preterm birth and PE. Thus far, the female reproductive tract microbiome has been found to be influenced by periodontal disease, cardiometabolic complications, and maternal obesity, all of which have been identified as contributors to PE. This review will look at the maternal reproductive tract microbiome, evidence for and against, and its role in pregnancy and PE-related events as well as data from relevant mouse models that could be useful for further investigating the influence of the reproductive tract microbiome on the pathogenesis of PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalie F Beckers
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Jenny L Sones
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
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28
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Hemmatzadeh M, Shomali N, Yousefzadeh Y, Mohammadi H, Ghasemzadeh A, Yousefi M. MicroRNAs: Small molecules with a large impact on pre-eclampsia. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:3235-3248. [PMID: 31595979 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
As critical mediators in biological processes, microRNAs (miRNAs) which are small and endogenous noncoding RNAs have been associated with disease progression, cell proliferation, and development. Pre-eclampsia (PE), a pregnancy-related disorder with no early markers or symptoms is recognized as the main reason for fetal and maternal mortality and morbidity in the initial steps or even during pregnancy, worldwide. Clinical symptoms usually appear in the third trimester of the pregnancy. Although numerous research have unraveled several aspects of placenta development abnormalities associated with abnormal trophoblastic invasion and angiogenesis modification, many questions about the PE pathogenesis remains unanswered. A large number of studies have shown the important role of miRNAs as potential biomarkers in the PE prognosis and diagnosis. Here, the latest investigations about the PE and placental miRNAs expression, as well as, the crucial role of miRNA molecules including miR-210 and miR-155 which are deregulated in patients with PE, will be argued.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Hemmatzadeh
- Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Navid Shomali
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Yousef Yousefzadeh
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamed Mohammadi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.,Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Aliyeh Ghasemzadeh
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Yousefi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Reproductive Biology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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29
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Paudel YN, Angelopoulou E, Piperi C, Balasubramaniam VR, Othman I, Shaikh MF. Enlightening the role of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) in inflammation: Updates on receptor signalling. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 858:172487. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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30
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Zhao L, Ma R, Zhang L, Yuan X, Wu J, He L, Liu G, Du R. Inhibition of HIF-1a-mediated TLR4 activation decreases apoptosis and promotes angiogenesis of placental microvascular endothelial cells during severe pre-eclampsia pathogenesis. Placenta 2019; 83:8-16. [PMID: 31477211 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2019.06.375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hypoxia-induced factor 1a (HIF-1a) and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) are involved in pre-eclampsia (PE) pathogenesis. However, little is known about their relationships. This study aimed to investigate the interaction of HIF-1a and TLR4 in PE pathogenesis. METHODS The expression of HIF-1a and TLR4 were analyzed by qRT-PCR. Celluar PE model was established by hypoxia/reoxygenation treatment of human placental microvascular endothelial cells (hPMEC). Cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion and migration were analyzed by CCK-8, flow cytometry, Transwell and scratch adhesion test, respectively. Angiogenesis was performed by tube formation, Ang-1 in culture supernatant was analyzed by ELISA. RESULTS HIF-1a and TLR4 expression were significantly elevated in placental tissues from early-onset and late-onset severe pre-eclampsia patients compared with control, with increased Bax, TRIF and PUMA, and decreased Bcl-2 and VEGFA; Down-regulation of HIF-1a expression decreased TLR4 expression, promoted proliferation, invasion, migration and angiogenesis but suppressed apoptosis in cellular model. In addition, silencing HIF-1a and TAK232 treatment synergically promoted some more proliferation, invasion, migration and angiogenesis but suppressed apoptosis in cellular model. CONCLUSION HIF-1a could promote hPMEC apoptosis by regulating TLR4 expression during PE pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics, Guangdong Woman and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ruixia Ma
- Department of Obstetrics, Guangdong Woman and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics, Guangdong Woman and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaolan Yuan
- Department of Obstetrics, Guangdong Woman and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinhua Wu
- Department of Obstetrics, Guangdong Woman and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lirong He
- Department of Obstetrics, Guangdong Woman and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guocheng Liu
- Department of Obstetrics, Guangdong Woman and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Rui Du
- Depaertment of Pathology, Guangdong Woman and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1 is a unique prophylactic agent that suppresses infection-induced myometrial cell responses. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4698. [PMID: 30886179 PMCID: PMC6423128 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41133-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Preterm birth (PTB) is a multifactorial syndrome affecting millions of neonates worldwide. Intrauterine infection can induce PTB through the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and untimely activation of uterine contractions. In pregnant mice, prophylactic administration of probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1 supernatant (GR1SN) prevented lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced PTB and reduced cytokine expression in the uterine muscle (myometrium). In this study we sought to delineate the mechanisms by which GR1SN suppressed cytokine secretion in the myometrium. We observed that L. rhamnosus GR-1 uniquely secretes heat-resistant but trypsin-sensitive factors, which significantly suppressed LPS-induced secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1 in the human myometrial cell line, hTERT-HM. This effect was unique to GR1SN and could not be replicated using supernatant derived from non-GR-1 commensal lactobacilli species: L. rhamnosus GG, L. lactis, L. casei, or L. reuteri RC-14. Furthermore, pre-incubation of hTERT-HM cells with low-dose Pam3CSK (a TLR1/2 synthetic agonist which mimics LPS action) prior to LPS administration also significantly decreased LPS-induced cytokine secretion. This study highlights the distinct capacity of protein-like moieties secreted by L. rhamnosus GR-1 to inhibit pro-inflammatory cytokine production by human myometrial cells, potentially through a TLR1/2-mediated mechanism.
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