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Arbade G, Jose JV, Gulbake A, Kadam S, Kashte SB. From stem cells to extracellular vesicles: a new horizon in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Cytotechnology 2024; 76:363-401. [PMID: 38933869 PMCID: PMC11196501 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-024-00631-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In the fields of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have become viable therapeutic tools. EVs produced from stem cells promote tissue healing by regulating the immune system, enhancing cell proliferation and aiding remodeling processes. Recently, EV has gained significant attention from researchers due to its ability to treat various diseases. Unlike stem cells, stem cell-derived EVs show lower immunogenicity, are less able to overcome biological barriers, and have a higher safety profile. This makes the use of EVs derived from cell-free stem cells a promising alternative to whole-cell therapy. This review focuses on the biogenesis, isolation, and characterization of EVs and highlights their therapeutic potential for bone fracture healing, wound healing, and neuronal tissue repair and treatment of kidney and intestinal diseases. Additionally, this review discusses the potential of EVs for the treatment of cancer, COVID-19, and HIV. In summary, the use of EVs derived from stem cells offers a new horizon for applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Arvind Gulbake
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati, (NIPER G), Guwahati, Assam 781101 India
| | - Sachin Kadam
- Sophisticated Analytical and Technical Help Institute, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, New Delhi 110016 India
| | - Shivaji B. Kashte
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, D. Y. Patil Education Society (Institution Deemed to be University), Kolhapur, MS 416006 India
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Wu X, Wu X, Wang Z, Tian X, Zhang C, Cao G, Gu Y, Yan T. Delivery of exogenous miR-19b by Wharton's Jelly Mesenchymal Stem Cells attenuates transplanted kidney ischemia/reperfusion injury by regulating cellular metabolism. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2024:10.1007/s13346-024-01645-3. [PMID: 38918324 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-024-01645-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) frequently occurs following kidney transplantation, and exosomes derived from umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (WJ-MSC-Exos) have shown promise in treating IRI in transplanted kidneys. Our study delved into the potential mechanism of WJ-MSC-Exos in ameliorating IRI in transplanted kidneys, revealing that miR-19b is abundantly present in WJ-MSC-Exos. Both in vivo and in vitro experiments demonstrated that the absence of miR-19b abolished the protective effects of WJ-MSC-Exos against renal IRI. Mechanistically, miR-19b suppressed glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β) expression, thereby stabilizing PDXK protein through direct binding. Treatment with WJ-MSC-Exos led to reduced PDXK levels and enhanced pyridoxine accumulation, ultimately mitigating IRI in transplanted kidneys and I/R-induced HK2 cell apoptosis. These findings elucidate the underlying mechanism of WJ-MSC-Exos in alleviating IRI in transplanted kidneys, unveiling novel therapeutic targets for post-kidney transplantation IRI and providing a solid theoretical foundation for the clinical application of WJ-MSC-Exos in IRI treatment post-transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiang Wu
- Department of Urology, Henan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, No. 7 Weiwu Road, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Xuan Wu
- Department of Urology, Henan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, No. 7 Weiwu Road, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- Department of Urology, Henan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, No. 7 Weiwu Road, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Xiangyong Tian
- Department of Urology, Henan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, No. 7 Weiwu Road, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Chan Zhang
- Department of Urology, Henan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, No. 7 Weiwu Road, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Guanghui Cao
- Department of Urology, Henan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, No. 7 Weiwu Road, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Yue Gu
- Department of Nephrology, Henan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, No. 7 Weiwu Road, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Tianzhong Yan
- Department of Urology, Henan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, No. 7 Weiwu Road, Zhengzhou, 450003, China.
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Mazini F, Abdollahifar MA, Niknejad H, Manzari-Tavakoli A, Zhaleh M, Asadi-Golshan R, Ghanbari A. Retinoic acid loaded with chitosan nanoparticles improves spermatogenesis in scrotal hyperthermia in mice. Clin Exp Reprod Med 2023; 50:230-243. [PMID: 37995751 DOI: 10.5653/cerm.2023.06149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE High temperatures can trigger cellular oxidative stress and disrupt spermatogenesis, potentially leading to male infertility. We investigated the effects of retinoic acid (RA), chitosan nanoparticles (CHNPs), and retinoic acid loaded with chitosan nanoparticles (RACHNPs) on spermatogenesis in mice induced by scrotal hyperthermia (Hyp). METHODS Thirty mice (weighing 25 to 30 g) were divided into five experimental groups of six mice each. The groups were as follows: control, Hyp induced by a water bath (43 °C for 30 minutes/day for 5 weeks), Hyp+RA (2 mg/kg/day), Hyp+CHNPs (2 mg/kg/72 hours), and Hyp+RACHNPs (4 mg/kg/72 hours). The mice were treated for 35 days. After the experimental treatments, the animals were euthanized. Sperm samples were collected for analysis of sperm parameters, and blood serum was isolated for testosterone measurement. Testis samples were also collected for histopathology assessment, reactive oxygen species (ROS) evaluation, and RNA extraction, which was done to compare the expression levels of the bax, bcl2, p53, Fas, and FasL genes among groups. Additionally, immunohistochemical staining was performed. RESULTS Treatment with RACHNPs significantly increased stereological parameters such as testicular volume, seminiferous tubule length, and testicular cell count. Additionally, it increased testosterone concentration and improved sperm parameters. We observed significant decreases in ROS production and caspase-3 immunostaining in the RACHNP group. Moreover, the expression levels of bax, p53, Fas, and FasL significantly decreased in the groups treated with RACHNPs and RA. CONCLUSION RACHNPs can be considered a potent antioxidative and antiapoptotic agent for therapeutic strategies in reproductive and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Mazini
- Department of Anatomical Science, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Amin Abdollahifar
- Urogenital Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Niknejad
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asma Manzari-Tavakoli
- ATMP Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Zhaleh
- Department of Anatomical Science, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Reza Asadi-Golshan
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Ghanbari
- Department of Anatomical Science, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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Fan H, Liu J, Sun J, Feng G, Li J. Advances in the study of B cells in renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1216094. [PMID: 38022595 PMCID: PMC10646530 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1216094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is a non-negligible clinical challenge for clinicians in surgeries such as renal transplantation. Functional loss of renal tubular epithelial cell (TEC) in IRI leads to the development of acute kidney injury, delayed graft function (DGF), and allograft rejection. The available evidence indicates that cellular oxidative stress, cell death, microvascular dysfunction, and immune response play an important role in the pathogenesis of IRI. A variety of immune cells, including macrophages and T cells, are actively involved in the progression of IRI in the immune response. The role of B cells in IRI has been relatively less studied, but there is a growing body of evidence for the involvement of B cells, which involve in the development of IRI through innate immune responses, adaptive immune responses, and negative immune regulation. Therefore, therapies targeting B cells may be a potential direction to mitigate IRI. In this review, we summarize the current state of research on the role of B cells in IRI, explore the potential effects of different B cell subsets in the pathogenesis of IRI, and discuss possible targets of B cells for therapeutic aim in renal IRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhao Fan
- Kidney Transplantation Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Dietetics Teaching and Research Section, Henan Medical College, Xinzheng, China
| | - Jiajia Sun
- Kidney Transplantation Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guiwen Feng
- Kidney Transplantation Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jinfeng Li
- Kidney Transplantation Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Kamyab H, Chelliapan S, Hayder G, Yusuf M, Taheri MM, Rezania S, Hasan M, Yadav KK, Khorami M, Farajnezhad M, Nouri J. Exploring the potential of metal and metal oxide nanomaterials for sustainable water and wastewater treatment: A review of their antimicrobial properties. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 335:139103. [PMID: 37271472 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Metallic nanoparticles (NPs) are of particular interest as antimicrobial agents in water and wastewater treatment due to their broad suppressive range against bacteria, viruses, and fungi commonly found in these environments. This review explores the potential of different types of metallic NPs, including zinc oxide, gold, copper oxide, and titanium oxide, for use as effective antimicrobial agents in water and wastewater treatment. This is due to the fact that metallic NPs possess a broad suppressive range against bacteria, viruses, as well as fungus. In addition to that, NPs are becoming an increasingly popular alternative to antibiotics for treating bacterial infections. Despite the fact that most research has been focused on silver NPs because of the antibacterial qualities that are known to be associated with them, curiosity about other metallic NPs as potential antimicrobial agents has been growing. Zinc oxide, gold, copper oxide, and titanium oxide NPs are included in this category since it has been demonstrated that these elements have antibacterial properties. Inducing oxidative stress, damage to the cellular membranes, and breakdowns throughout the protein and DNA chains are some of the ways that metallic NPs can have an influence on microbial cells. The purpose of this review was to engage in an in-depth conversation about the current state of the art regarding the utilization of the most important categories of metallic NPs that are used as antimicrobial agents. Several approaches for the synthesis of metal-based NPs were reviewed, including physical and chemical methods as well as "green synthesis" approaches, which are synthesis procedures that do not involve the employment of any chemical agents. Moreover, additional pharmacokinetics, physicochemical properties, and the toxicological hazard associated with the application of silver NPs as antimicrobial agents were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesam Kamyab
- Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism, UTE University, Calle Rumipamba S/N and Bourgeois, Quito, Ecuador; Institute of Energy Infrastructure (IEI), Universiti Tenaga Nasional (UNITEN), Selangor Darul Ehsan, Kajang, 43000, Malaysia; Department of Biomaterials, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, 600 077, India; Process Systems Engineering Centre (PROSPECT), Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia.
| | - Shreeshivadasan Chelliapan
- Engineering Department, Razak Faculty of Technology and Informatics, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jln Sultan Yahya Petra, 54100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Gasim Hayder
- Institute of Energy Infrastructure (IEI), Universiti Tenaga Nasional (UNITEN), Selangor Darul Ehsan, Kajang, 43000, Malaysia; Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional (UNITEN), Selangor Darul Ehsan, Kajang, 43000, Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Yusuf
- Institute of Hydrocarbon Recovery, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak, 32610, Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Mahdi Taheri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biomaterials, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahabaldin Rezania
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, South Korea
| | - Mudassir Hasan
- Department of Chemical Engineering King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Krishna Kumar Yadav
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Madhyanchal Professional University, Ratibad, Bhopal, 462044, India; Environmental and Atmospheric Sciences Research Group, Scientific Research Center, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, Nasiriyah, 64001, Iraq
| | - Majid Khorami
- Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism, UTE University, Calle Rumipamba S/N and Bourgeois, Quito, Ecuador; Facultad de Ingeniería en Mecánica y Ciencias de la Producción, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Campus Gustavo Galindo Km. 30.5 Vía Perimetral, P.O. Box 09-01-5863, Guayaquil, Ecuado
| | - Mohammad Farajnezhad
- Azman Hashim International Business School (AHIBS), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Kuala Lumpur, 54100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - J Nouri
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Zhao X, Li Y, Wu S, Wang Y, Liu B, Zhou H, Li F. Role of extracellular vesicles in pathogenesis and therapy of renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115229. [PMID: 37506581 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (RIRI) is a complex disorder characterized by both intrinsic damage to renal tubular epithelial cells and extrinsic inflammation mediated by cytokines and immune cells. Unfortunately, there is no cure for this devastating condition. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanosized membrane-bound vesicles secreted by various cell types that can transfer bioactive molecules to target cells and modulate their function. EVs have emerged as promising candidates for cell-free therapy of RIRI, owing to their ability to cross biological barriers and deliver protective signals to injured renal cells. In this review, we provide an overview of EVs, focusing on their functional role in RIRI and the signaling messengers responsible for EV-mediated crosstalk between various cell types in renal tissue. We also discuss the renoprotective role of EVs and their use as therapeutic agents for RIRI, highlighting the advantages and challenges encountered in the therapeutic application of EVs in renal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Zhao
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yunkuo Li
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Shouwang Wu
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yuxiong Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Honglan Zhou
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Faping Li
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
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Wang J, Ma R, Wang Y, Zhang S, Wang J, Zheng J, Xue W, Ding X. rhMYDGF Alleviates I/R-induced Kidney Injury by Inhibiting Inflammation and Apoptosis via the Akt Pathway. Transplantation 2023; 107:1729-1739. [PMID: 36698245 PMCID: PMC10358439 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000004497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is one of the crucial factors affecting the outcome of renal transplantation. In recent years, myeloid-derived growth factor (MYDGF) has received a lot of attention for its extensive beneficial effects on cardiac repair and protection of cardiomyocytes from cell death. Therefore, we hypothesized that the recombinant human MYDGF (rhMYDGF) protein might play an essential role in safeguarding renal I/R injury. METHODS In vivo experiments were conducted using a mouse unilateral I/R model. Mice were pretreated with rhMYDGF by intraperitoneal injection to study the potential mechanism of renal protection. In vitro, we established hypoxia/reoxygenation and H 2 O 2 treatment models to pretreat cells with rhMYDGF. The expression levels of oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis-related factors in tissues and cells were detected. Finally, we explored the role of the protein kinase B (Akt) pathway in the renal protective mechanism of rhMYDGF. RESULTS In this study, we found that intraperitoneal injection of 1.25 μg rhMYDGF could significantly improve renal function of I/R mice, and reduce oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. For the human proximal tubular epithelial cell line and human kidney cell line, pretreatment with 0.3 μg/mL rhMYDGF for 24 h significantly downregulated oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis via the phosphorylation of Akt, which could be ameliorated by LY294002. CONCLUSIONS rhMYDGF protects kidney from I/R injury by attenuating oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis through the activation of the Akt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Wang
- Department of Renal Transplantation, Hospital of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Ruiyang Ma
- Department of Renal Transplantation, Hospital of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Renal Transplantation, Hospital of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Shucong Zhang
- Department of Renal Transplantation, Hospital of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jiale Wang
- Department of Renal Transplantation, Hospital of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jin Zheng
- Department of Renal Transplantation, Hospital of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Wujun Xue
- Department of Renal Transplantation, Hospital of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xiaoming Ding
- Department of Renal Transplantation, Hospital of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
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Haghighitalab A, Dominici M, Matin MM, Shekari F, Ebrahimi Warkiani M, Lim R, Ahmadiankia N, Mirahmadi M, Bahrami AR, Bidkhori HR. Extracellular vesicles and their cells of origin: Open issues in autoimmune diseases. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1090416. [PMID: 36969255 PMCID: PMC10031021 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1090416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The conventional therapeutic approaches to treat autoimmune diseases through suppressing the immune system, such as steroidal and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, are not adequately practical. Moreover, these regimens are associated with considerable complications. Designing tolerogenic therapeutic strategies based on stem cells, immune cells, and their extracellular vesicles (EVs) seems to open a promising path to managing autoimmune diseases' vast burden. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs), dendritic cells, and regulatory T cells (Tregs) are the main cell types applied to restore a tolerogenic immune status; MSCs play a more beneficial role due to their amenable properties and extensive cross-talks with different immune cells. With existing concerns about the employment of cells, new cell-free therapeutic paradigms, such as EV-based therapies, are gaining attention in this field. Additionally, EVs' unique properties have made them to be known as smart immunomodulators and are considered as a potential substitute for cell therapy. This review provides an overview of the advantages and disadvantages of cell-based and EV-based methods for treating autoimmune diseases. The study also presents an outlook on the future of EVs to be implemented in clinics for autoimmune patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Haghighitalab
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR)-Khorasan Razavi, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Massimo Dominici
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University Hospital of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Maryam M. Matin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
- Novel Diagnostics and Therapeutics Research Group, Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Faezeh Shekari
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- Advanced Therapy Medicinal Product Technology Development Center (ATMP-TDC), Cell Sciences Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Rebecca Lim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton VIC, Australia
| | - Naghmeh Ahmadiankia
- Cancer Prevention Research Center, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Mahdi Mirahmadi
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR)-Khorasan Razavi, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Bahrami
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
- Industrial Biotechnology Research Group, Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
- *Correspondence: Ahmad Reza Bahrami, ; Hamid Reza Bidkhori,
| | - Hamid Reza Bidkhori
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR)-Khorasan Razavi, Mashhad, Iran
- Blood Borne Infections Research Center, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR)-Khorasan Razavi, Mashhad, Iran
- *Correspondence: Ahmad Reza Bahrami, ; Hamid Reza Bidkhori,
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Prospects and Challenges of Electrospun Cell and Drug Delivery Vehicles to Correct Urethral Stricture. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810519. [PMID: 36142432 PMCID: PMC9502833 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Current therapeutic modalities to treat urethral strictures are associated with several challenges and shortcomings. Therefore, significant strides have been made to develop strategies with minimal side effects and the highest therapeutic potential. In this framework, electrospun scaffolds incorporated with various cells or bioactive agents have provided promising vistas to repair urethral defects. Due to the biomimetic nature of these constructs, they can efficiently mimic the native cells’ niches and provide essential microenvironmental cues for the safe transplantation of multiple cell types. Furthermore, these scaffolds are versatile platforms for delivering various drug molecules, growth factors, and nucleic acids. This review discusses the recent progress, applications, and challenges of electrospun scaffolds to deliver cells or bioactive agents during the urethral defect repair process. First, the current status of electrospinning in urethral tissue engineering is presented. Then, the principles of electrospinning in drug and cell delivery applications are reviewed. Finally, the recent preclinical studies are summarized and the current challenges are discussed.
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Toghiani R, Abolmaali SS, Najafi H, Tamaddon AM. Bioengineering exosomes for treatment of organ ischemia-reperfusion injury. Life Sci 2022; 302:120654. [PMID: 35597547 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is a leading cause of death worldwide. It arises from blood reflowing after tissue hypoxia induced by ischemia that causes severe damages due to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and the activation of inflammatory responses. Exosomes are the smallest members of the extracellular vesicles' family, which originate from nearly all eukaryotic cells. Exosomes have a great potential in the treatment of I/R injury either in native or modified forms. Native exosomes are secreted by different cell types, such as stem cells, and contain components such as specific miRNA molecules with tissue protective properties. On the other hand, exosome bioengineering has recently received increased attention in context of current advances in the purification, manipulation, biological characterization, and pharmacological applications. There are various pre-isolation and post-isolation manipulation approaches that can be utilized to increase the circulation half-life of exosomes or the availability of their bioactive cargos in the target site. In this review, the various therapeutic actions of native exosomes in different I/R injury will be discussed first. Exosome bioengineering approaches will then be explained, including pre- and post-isolation manipulation methods, applicability for delivery of bioactive agents to injured tissue, clinical translation issues, and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reyhaneh Toghiani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Samira Sadat Abolmaali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Haniyeh Najafi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Mohammad Tamaddon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Liu X, Lv X, Liu Z, Zhang M, Leng Y. MircoRNA-29a in Astrocyte-derived Extracellular Vesicles Suppresses Brain Ischemia Reperfusion Injury via TP53INP1 and the NF-κB/NLRP3 Axis. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2022; 42:1487-1500. [PMID: 33620674 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-021-01040-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Brain ischemia reperfusion injury (BIRI) is defined as a series of brain injury accompanied by inflammation and oxidative stress. Astrocyte-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) are importantly participated in BIRI with involvement of microRNAs (miRs). Our study aimed to discuss the functions of miR-29a from astrocyte-derived EVs in BIRI treatment. Thus, astrocyte-derived EVs were extracted. Oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) cell models and BIR rat models were established. Then, cell and rat activities and pyroptosis-related protein levels in these two kinds of models were detected. Functional assays were performed to verify inflammation and oxidative stress. miR-29a expression in OGD cells and BIR rats was measured, and target relation between miR-29a and tumor protein 53-induced nuclear protein 1 (TP53INP1) was certified. Rat neural function was tested. Astrocyte-derived EVs improved miR-29a expression in N9 microglia and rat brains. Astrocyte-derived EVs inhibited OGD-induced injury and inflammation in vitro, reduced brain infarction, and improved BIR rat neural functions in vivo. miR-29a in EVs protected OGD-treated cells and targeted TP53INP1, whose overexpression suppressed the protective function of EVs on OGD-treated cells. miR-29a alleviated OGD and BIRI via downregulating TP53INP1 and the NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway. Briefly, our study demonstrated that miR-29a in astrocyte-derived EVs inhibits BIRI by downregulating TP53INP1 and the NF-κB/NLRP3 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- The Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xinghua Lv
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, No. 1, Donggang West Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Zhenzhen Liu
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Mengjie Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, No. 1, Donggang West Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yufang Leng
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, No. 1, Donggang West Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
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12
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Kaniowska D, Wenk K, Rademacher P, Weiss R, Fabian C, Schulz I, Guthardt M, Lange F, Greiser S, Schmidt M, Braumann UD, Emmrich F, Koehl U, Jaimes Y. Extracellular Vesicles of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Can be Taken Up by Microglial Cells and Partially Prevent the Stimulation Induced by β-amyloid. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2022; 18:1113-1126. [PMID: 35080744 PMCID: PMC8942956 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10261-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) have great capacity for immune regulation. MSCs provide protective paracrine effects, which are partially exerted by extracellular vesicles (EVs). It has been reported that MSCs-derived EVs (MSC-EVs) contain soluble factors, such as cytokines, chemokines, growth factors and even microRNAs, which confer them similar anti-inflammatory and regenerative effects to MSCs. Moreover, MSCs modulate microglia activation through a dual mechanism of action that relies both on cell contact and secreted factors. Microglia cells are the central nervous system immune cells and the main mediators of the inflammation leading to neurodegenerative disorders. Here, we investigated whether MSC-EVs affect the activation of microglia cells by β-amyloid aggregates. We show that the presence of MSC-EVs can prevent the upregulation of pro-inflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and nitric oxide (NO). Both are up-regulated in neurodegenerative diseases representing chronic inflammation, as in Alzheimer’s disease. We demonstrate that MSC-EVs are internalized by the microglia cells. Further, our study supports the use of MSC-EVs as a promising therapeutic tool to treat neuroinflammatory diseases. Significance Statement It has been reported that mesenchymal stromal/stem cells and MSC-derived small extracellular vesicles have therapeutic effects in the treatment of various degenerative and inflammatory diseases. Extracellular vesicles are loaded with proteins, lipids and RNA and act as intercellular communication mediators. Here we show that extracellular vesicles can be taken up by murine microglial cells. In addition, they partially reduce the activation of microglial cells against β-amyloid aggregates. This inhibition of microglia activation may present an effective strategy for the control/therapy of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Kaniowska
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Perlickstrasse 1, 04103, Leipzig, Germany. .,Institute for Clinical Immunology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Kerstin Wenk
- Institute for Clinical Immunology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Phil Rademacher
- Institute for Clinical Immunology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ronald Weiss
- Institute for Clinical Immunology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Claire Fabian
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Perlickstrasse 1, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Isabell Schulz
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Perlickstrasse 1, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Max Guthardt
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Perlickstrasse 1, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Franziska Lange
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Perlickstrasse 1, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sebastian Greiser
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Perlickstrasse 1, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthias Schmidt
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ulf-Dietrich Braumann
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Perlickstrasse 1, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.,Faculty of Engineering, Leipzig University of Applied Sciences (HTWK), Leipzig, Germany.,Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Frank Emmrich
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Perlickstrasse 1, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute for Clinical Immunology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ulrike Koehl
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Perlickstrasse 1, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute for Clinical Immunology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Cellular Therapeutics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Yarúa Jaimes
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Perlickstrasse 1, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute for Clinical Immunology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence for Immune-mediated Diseases CIMD, Frankfurt, Germany
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13
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Tsai H, Wu Y, Liu X, Xu Z, Liu L, Wang C, Zhang H, Huang Y, Wang L, Zhang W, Su D, Khan FU, Zhu X, Yang R, Pang Y, Eriksson JE, Zhu H, Wang D, Jia B, Cheng F, Chen H. Engineered Small Extracellular Vesicles as a FGL1/PD-L1 Dual-Targeting Delivery System for Alleviating Immune Rejection. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2102634. [PMID: 34738731 PMCID: PMC8787398 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202102634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
There is an urgent need for developing new immunosuppressive agents due to the toxicity of long-term use of broad immunosuppressive agents after organ transplantation. Comprehensive sample analysis revealed dysregulation of FGL1/LAG-3 and PD-L1/PD-1 immune checkpoints in allogeneic heart transplantation mice and clinical kidney transplant patients. In order to enhance these two immunosuppressive signal axes, a bioengineering strategy is developed to simultaneously display FGL1/PD-L1 (FP) on the surface of small extracellular vesicles (sEVs). Among various cell sources, FP sEVs derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) not only enriches FGL1/PD-L1 expression but also maintain the immunomodulatory properties of unmodified MSC sEVs. Next, it is confirmed that FGL1 and PD-L1 on sEVs are specifically bound to their receptors, LAG-3 and PD-1 on target cells. Importantly, FP sEVs significantly inhibite T cell activation and proliferation in vitro and a heart allograft model. Furthermore, FP sEVs encapsulated with low-dose FK506 (FP sEVs@FK506) exert stronger effects on inhibiting T cell proliferation, reducing CD8+ T cell density and cytokine production in the spleens and heart grafts, inducing regulatory T cells in lymph nodes, and extending graft survival. Taken together, dual-targeting sEVs have the potential to boost the immune inhibitory signalings in synergy and slow down transplant rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiang‐i Tsai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen)Sun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhen518107P. R. China
- Department of Medical ImagingThe Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang212001China
| | - Yingyi Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen)Sun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhen518107P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen)Sun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhen518107P. R. China
| | - Zhanxue Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen)Sun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhen518107P. R. China
| | - Longshan Liu
- Organ Transplant CenterThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐Sen University58 Zhongshan 2nd RoadGuangzhouGuangdong510080China
| | - Changxi Wang
- Organ Transplant CenterThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐Sen University58 Zhongshan 2nd RoadGuangzhouGuangdong510080China
| | - Huanxi Zhang
- Organ Transplant CenterThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐Sen University58 Zhongshan 2nd RoadGuangzhouGuangdong510080China
| | - Yisheng Huang
- Department of Oral SurgeryStomatological HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong510280P. R China
| | - Linglu Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen)Sun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhen518107P. R. China
| | - Weixian Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen)Sun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhen518107P. R. China
| | - Dandan Su
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen)Sun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhen518107P. R. China
| | | | - Xiaofeng Zhu
- School of Traditional Medicine Materials ResourceGuangdong Pharmaceutical University YunfuGuangdong527322China
| | - Rongya Yang
- Department of DermatologyThe Seventh Medical Center of PLA General HospitalPeking100010China
| | - Yuxin Pang
- School of Traditional Medicine Materials ResourceGuangdong Pharmaceutical University YunfuGuangdong527322China
| | - John E. Eriksson
- Cell BiologyBiosciencesFaculty of Science and EngineeringÅbo Akademi UniversityTurkuFI‐20520Finland
| | - Haitao Zhu
- Department of Medical ImagingThe Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang212001China
| | - Dongqing Wang
- Department of Medical ImagingThe Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang212001China
| | - Bo Jia
- Department of Oral SurgeryStomatological HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong510280P. R China
| | - Fang Cheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen)Sun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhen518107P. R. China
| | - Hongbo Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen)Sun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhen518107P. R. China
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14
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Zhou X, Zhao S, Li W, Ruan Y, Yuan R, Ning J, Jiang K, Xie J, Yao X, Li H, Li C, Rao T, Yu W, Cheng F. Tubular cell-derived exosomal miR-150-5p contributes to renal fibrosis following unilateral ischemia-reperfusion injury by activating fibroblast in vitro and in vivo. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:4021-4033. [PMID: 34671216 PMCID: PMC8495396 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.62478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Unilateral ischemia reperfusion injury (UIRI) with longer ischemia time is associated with an increased risk of acute renal injury and chronic kidney disease. Exosomes can transport lipid, protein, mRNA, and miRNA to corresponding target cells and mediate intercellular information exchange. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether exosome-derived miRNA mediates epithelial-mesenchymal cell communication relevant to renal fibrosis after UIRI. The secretion of exosomes increased remarkably in the kidney after UIRI and in rat renal tubular epithelium cells (NRK-52E) after hypoxia treatment. The inhibition of exosome secretion by Rab27a knockout or GW4869 treatment ameliorates renal fibrosis following UIRI in vivo. Purified exosomes from NRK-52E cells after hypoxia treatment could activate rat kidney fibroblasts (NRK-49F). The inhibition of exosome secretion in hypoxic NRK-52E cells through Rab27a knockdown or GW4869 treatment abolished NRK-49F cell activation. Interestingly, exosomal miRNA array analysis revealed that miR-150-5p expression was increased after hypoxia compared with the control group. The inhibition of exosomal miR-150-5p abolished the ability of hypoxic NRK-52E cells to promote NRK-49F cell activation in vitro, injections of miR-150-5p enriched exosomes from hypoxic NRK-52E cells aggravated renal fibrosis following UIRI, and renal fibrosis after UIRI was alleviated by miR-150-5p-deficient exosome in vivo. Furthermore, tubular cell-derived exosomal miR-150-5p could negatively regulate the expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 to activate fibroblast. Thus, our results suggest that the blockade of exosomal miR-150-5p mediated tubular epithelial cell-fibroblast communication may provide a novel therapeutic target to prevents UIRI progression to renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangjun Zhou
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Sheng Zhao
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Yuan Ruan
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Run Yuan
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Jinzhuo Ning
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Kun Jiang
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Jinna Xie
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Xiaobin Yao
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Haoyong Li
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Chenglong Li
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Ting Rao
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Weimin Yu
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Fan Cheng
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
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15
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To outline recent discoveries in epigenetic regulatory mechanisms that have potential implications in the development of renal fibrosis following kidney transplantation. RECENT FINDINGS The characterization of renal fibrosis following kidney transplantation has shown TGFβ/Smad signaling to play a major role in the progression to chronic allograft dysfunction. The onset of unregulated proinflammatory pathways are only exacerbated by the decline in regulatory mechanisms lost with progressive patient age and comorbidities such as hypertension and diabetes. However, significant developments in the recognition of epigenetic regulatory markers upstream of aberrant TGFβ-signaling has significant clinical potential to provide therapeutic targets for the treatment of renal fibrosis. In addition, discoveries in extracellular vesicles and the characterization of their cargo has laid new framework for the potential to evaluate patient outcomes independent of invasive biopsies. SUMMARY The current review summarizes the main findings in epigenetic machinery specific to the development of renal fibrosis and highlights therapeutic options that have significant potential to translate into clinical practice.
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16
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Barros I, Marcelo A, Silva TP, Barata J, Rufino-Ramos D, Pereira de Almeida L, Miranda CO. Mesenchymal Stromal Cells' Therapy for Polyglutamine Disorders: Where Do We Stand and Where Should We Go? Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:584277. [PMID: 33132851 PMCID: PMC7573388 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.584277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyglutamine (polyQ) diseases are a group of inherited neurodegenerative disorders caused by the expansion of the cytosine-adenine-guanine (CAG) repeat. This mutation encodes extended glutamine (Q) tract in the disease protein, resulting in the alteration of its conformation/physiological role and in the formation of toxic fragments/aggregates of the protein. This group of heterogeneous disorders shares common molecular mechanisms, which opens the possibility to develop a pan therapeutic approach. Vast efforts have been made to develop strategies to alleviate disease symptoms. Nonetheless, there is still no therapy that can cure or effectively delay disease progression of any of these disorders. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) are promising tools for the treatment of polyQ disorders, promoting protection, tissue regeneration, and/or modulation of the immune system in animal models. Accordingly, data collected from clinical trials have so far demonstrated that transplantation of MSC is safe and delays the progression of some polyQ disorders for some time. However, to achieve sustained phenotypic amelioration in clinics, several treatments may be necessary. Therefore, efforts to develop new strategies to improve MSC's therapeutic outcomes have been emerging. In this review article, we discuss the current treatments and strategies used to reduce polyQ symptoms and major pre-clinical and clinical achievements obtained with MSC transplantation as well as remaining flaws that need to be overcome. The requirement to cross the blood-brain-barrier (BBB), together with a short rate of cell engraftment in the lesioned area and low survival of MSC in a pathophysiological context upon transplantation may contribute to the transient therapeutic effects. We also review methods like pre-conditioning or genetic engineering of MSC that can be used to increase MSC survival in vivo, cellular-free approaches-i.e., MSC-conditioned medium (CM) or MSC-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) as a way of possibly replacing the use of MSC and methods required to standardize the potential of MSC/MSC-derived products. These are fundamental questions that need to be addressed to obtain maximum MSC performance in polyQ diseases and therefore increase clinical benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Barros
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,CIBB-Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,III-Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Adriana Marcelo
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,CIBB-Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Teresa P Silva
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,CIBB-Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Barata
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,CIBB-Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - David Rufino-Ramos
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,CIBB-Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Luís Pereira de Almeida
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,CIBB-Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Viravector-Viral Vector for Gene Transfer Core Facility, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Catarina O Miranda
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,CIBB-Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,III-Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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17
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Yokoyama H, Tsujii M, Iino T, Nakamura T, Sudo A. Inhibitory effect of edaravone on systemic inflammation and local damage in skeletal muscles following long-term ischemia to murine hind limb. J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong) 2020; 27:2309499019874470. [PMID: 31549573 DOI: 10.1177/2309499019874470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to evaluate local and systemic pathology in a murine model of ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury induced by long-term application of a tourniquet on the hind limbs and to assess the protective effects of edaravone, a potent systemic scavenger of free radicals, using this model. METHODS Sixty C57BL6 mice were divided in two groups, with one group receiving a 3 mg/kg intraperitoneal injection of edaravone and the other group receiving an identical amount of saline 30 min before ischemia under deep anesthesia. The left thigh of each animal was constricted for 4 h with a 4.5-oz. orthodontic rubber band to induce ischemia; 4 h was the critical duration for skeletal muscles. After ischemia, specimens of skeletal muscles, both kidneys, and plasma were collected at 0, 2, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h. Injury to the skeletal muscles and vacuolar degeneration of the kidneys were histologically assessed. Additionally, apoptosis of skeletal muscle cells was assessed by analysis of caspase 3/7 activity and TUNEL staining. Plasma tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α levels were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. RESULTS Skeletal muscles exhibited prominent injury of myofibers at 12 h after I/R injury, with clear upregulation of plasma TNF-α expression and histologic evidence of tubular dysfunction of the kidneys. Plasma TNF-α levels declined and histologic renal damage was ameliorated in edaravone-treated mice, but treatment did not protect skeletal muscle following ischemia for 4 h. Nonetheless, compared with group S, expression of the apoptosis marker caspase 3/7 was significantly inhibited in the skeletal hind limb muscles of Ed-group mice affected by reperfusion injury following ischemia for 4 h. CONCLUSION The present study demonstrated that edaravone is a potentially useful drug for systemic or local treatment of reperfusion injury resulting from long-term ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirokazu Yokoyama
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | - Masaya Tsujii
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | - Takahiro Iino
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | - Tomoki Nakamura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | - Akihiro Sudo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
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18
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Maqsood M, Kang M, Wu X, Chen J, Teng L, Qiu L. Adult mesenchymal stem cells and their exosomes: Sources, characteristics, and application in regenerative medicine. Life Sci 2020; 256:118002. [PMID: 32585248 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have become a hot topic in the development of cell therapies and bioengineering. All kinds of MSCs are genomic stable and have the self-renewal ability. Main sources of MSCs are bone marrow, adipose tissues, umbilical cord and placental tissues. MSCs can be cultured in many undifferentiated passages to grow into more specialized cells, produce secretory factors and also support trophic functions in the body. Exosomes, derived from MSCs also have great potential in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. Exosomes are secreted by MSCs and have the same therapeutic potential as their parent cells. MSCs and their exosomes combined with biomaterials can also be more effective in promoting the regeneration of tissues and organs. However, for use of MSCs-exosomes as a clinical agent different MSCs-exosomes have been manufactured and their therapeutics effects demonstrated in clinical studies. But there are still many characteristics which are unknown and many barriers still need to be conquered. In this review, we not only highlighted the characteristics of human MSCs and their exosomes, but also provided their latest therapeutic strategies in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Maqsood
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Mingzhu Kang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xiaotao Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jinghua Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Liping Teng
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Lipeng Qiu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
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19
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Propofol post-conditioning lessens renal ischemia/reperfusion-induced acute lung injury associated with autophagy and apoptosis through MAPK signals in rats. Gene 2020; 741:144562. [PMID: 32169629 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Renal Ischemia/Reperfusion (rI/R)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) is a major problem in rI/R. The objective of the current study was to explore the defensive roles of propofol (Pro), an intravenous anesthetic, on rI/R-induced ALI through mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling. Rats were divided into Sham, Pro (10 mg/kg), rI/R, rI/R + Pro (5 mg/kg), and rI/R + Pro (10 mg/kg) groups. Rats were treated with Pro at 1 h after rI/R treatment. Serum and lung tissues at 24 h after rI/R were collected to evaluate morphological changes and the expression of myeloperoxidase (MPO), inflammatory cytokines, and crucial proteins in the MAPK pathway. Pro attenuated the production of mediators, resulting in reduced levels of autophagy and apoptosis by restricting the MAPK pathway in rI/R-induced ALI model. Pro represses rI/R-induced pulmonary autophagy and apoptosis by decreasing the production of inflammatory molecules, and the effects of Pro are involved in the inhibition of the MAPK pathway.
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20
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Yang HC, Zhang M, Wu R, Zheng HQ, Zhang LY, Luo J, Li LL, Hu XQ. C-C chemokine receptor type 2-overexpressing exosomes alleviated experimental post-stroke cognitive impairment by enhancing microglia/macrophage M2 polarization. World J Stem Cells 2020; 12:152-167. [PMID: 32184939 PMCID: PMC7062036 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v12.i2.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human-derived mesenchymal stromal cells have been shown to improve cognitive function following experimental stroke. The activity of exosomes has been verified to be comparable to the therapeutic effects of mesenchymal stromal cells. However, the effects of exosomes derived from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (HUC-MSCs) (ExoCtrl) on post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) have rarely been reported. Moreover, whether exosomes derived from C-C chemokine receptor type 2 (CCR2)-overexpressing HUC-MSCs (ExoCCR2) can enhance the therapeutic effects on PSCI and the possible underlying mechanisms have not been studied.
AIM To investigate the effects of ExoCtrl on PSCI and whether ExoCCR2 can enhance therapeutic effects on PSCI.
METHODS Transmission electron microscopy, qNano® particles analyzer, and Western blotting were employed to determine the morphology and CCR2 expression of ExoCtrl or ExoCCR2. ELISA was used to study the binding capacity of exosomes to CC chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) in vivo. After the intravenous injection of ExoCtrl or ExoCCR2 into experimental rats, the effect of ExoCtrl and ExoCCR2 on PSCI was assessed by Morris water maze. Remyelination and oligodendrogenesis were analyzed by Western blotting and immunofluorescence microscopy. QRT-PCR and immunofluorescence microscopy were conducted to compare the microglia/macrophage polarization. The infiltration and activation of hematogenous macrophages were analyzed by Western blotting and transwell migration analysis.
RESULTS CCR2-overexpressing HUC-MSCs loaded the CCR2 receptor into their exosomes. The morphology and diameter distribution between ExoCtrl and ExoCCR2 showed no significant difference. ExoCCR2 bound significantly to CCL2 but ExoCtrl showed little CCL2 binding. Although both ExoCCR2 and ExoCtrl showed beneficial effects on PSCI, oligodendrogenesis, remyelination, and microglia/macrophage polarization, ExoCCR2 exhibited a significantly superior beneficial effect. We also found that ExoCCR2 could suppress the CCL2-induced macrophage migration and activation in vivo and in vitro, compared with ExoCtrl treated group.
CONCLUSION CCR2 over-expression enhanced the therapeutic effects of exosomes on the experimental PSCI by promoting M2 microglia/macrophage polarization, enhancing oligodendrogenesis and remyelination. These therapeutic effects are likely through suppressing the CCL2-induced hematogenous macrophage migration and activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huai-Chun Yang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Andrology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Rui Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hai-Qing Zheng
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Li-Ying Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jing Luo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Li-Li Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xi-Quan Hu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, Guangdong Province, China
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Liu C, Wang J, Hu J, Fu B, Mao Z, Zhang H, Cai G, Chen X, Sun X. Extracellular vesicles for acute kidney injury in preclinical rodent models: a meta-analysis. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:11. [PMID: 31900218 PMCID: PMC6942291 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1530-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Extracellular vesicles (EVs), especially stem cell-derived EVs, have emerged as a potential novel therapy for acute kidney injury (AKI). However, their effects remain incompletely understood. Therefore, we performed this meta-analysis to systematically review the efficacy of EVs on AKI in preclinical rodent models. Methods We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and the Web of Science up to March 2019 to identify studies that reported the treatment effects of EVs in a rodent AKI model. The primary outcome was serum creatinine (Scr) levels. The secondary outcomes were the blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels, renal injury score, percentage of apoptotic cells, and interleukin (IL)-10 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α levels. Two authors independently screened articles based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan 5.3 and R software. Results Thirty-one studies (n = 552) satisfied the inclusion criteria. Pooled analyses demonstrated that the levels of Scr (SMD = − 3.71; 95% CI = − 4.32, − 3.10; P < 0.01), BUN (SMD = − 3.68; 95% CI = − 4.42, − 2.94; P < 0.01), and TNF-α (SMD = − 2.65; 95% CI = − 4.98, − 0.32; P < 0.01); the percentage of apoptotic cells (SMD = − 6.25; 95% CI = − 8.10, − 4.39; P < 0.01); and the injury score (SMD = − 3.90; 95% CI = − 5.26, − 2.53; P < 0.01) were significantly decreased in the EV group, and the level of IL-10 (SMD = 2.10; 95% CI = 1.18, 3.02; P < 0.01) was significantly increased. Meanwhile, no significant difference was found between stem cell-derived EVs and stem cells. Conclusion The present meta-analysis confirmed that EV therapy could improve renal function and the inflammatory response status and reduce cell apoptosis in a preclinical rodent AKI model. This provides important clues for human clinical trials on EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Hu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, China.,Master Program of Medical Science in Clinical Investigation, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bo Fu
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi Mao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, China
| | - Hengda Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, China
| | - Guangyan Cai
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangmei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, China
| | - Xuefeng Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, China.
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Hu X, Yi Y, Zhu Y, Wang Z, Wu S, Zhang J, Wang J, Nie J. [Effect of adipose-derived stem cell derived exosomes on angiogenesis after skin flap transplantation in rats]. ZHONGGUO XIU FU CHONG JIAN WAI KE ZA ZHI = ZHONGGUO XIUFU CHONGJIAN WAIKE ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF REPARATIVE AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY 2019; 33:1560-1565. [PMID: 31823559 DOI: 10.7507/1002-1892.201904023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Objective To investigate the effect of adipose-derived stem cell derived exosomes (ADSC-Exos) on angiogenesis after skin flap transplantation in rats. Methods ADSCs were isolated and cultured by enzymatic digestion from voluntary donated adipose tissue of patients undergoing liposuction. The 3rd generation cells were observed under microscopy and identified by flow cytometry and oil red O staining at 14 days after induction of adipogenesis. After cells were identified as ADSCs, ADSC-Exos was extracted by density gradient centrifugation. And the morphology was observed by transmission electron microscopy, the surface marker proteins (CD63, TSG101) were detected by Western blot, and particle size distribution was measured by nanoparticle size tracking analyzer. Twenty male Sprague Dawley rats, weighing 250-300 g, were randomly divided into ADSC-Exos group and PBS group with 10 rats in each group. ADSC-Exos (ADSC-Exos group) and PBS (PBS group) were injected into the proximal, middle, and distal regions of the dorsal free flaps with an area of 9 cm×3 cm along the long axis in the two groups. The survival rate of the flap was measured on the 7th day, and then the flap tissue was harvested. The tissue morphology was observed by HE staining, and mean blood vessel density (MVD) was measured by CD31 immunohistochemical staining. Results ADSCs were identified by microscopy, flow cytometry, and adipogenic induction culture. ADSC-Exos was a round or elliptical membrane vesicle with clear edge and uniform size. It has high expression of CD63 and TSG101, and its size distribution was 30-200 nm, which was in accordance with the size range of Exos. The distal necrosis of the flaps in the ADSC-Exos group was milder than that in the PBS group. On the 7th day, the survival rate of the flaps in the ADSC-Exos group was 64.2%±11.5%, which was significantly higher than that in the PBS group (31.0%±6.6%; t=7.945, P=0.000); the skin appendages in the middle region of the flap in the ADSC-Exos group were more complete, the edema in the proximal region was lighter and the vasodilation was more extensive. MVD of the ADSC-Exos group was (103.3±27.0) /field, which was significantly higher than that of the PBS group [(45.3±16.2)/field; t=3.190, P=0.011]. Conclusion ADSC-Exos can improve the blood supply of skin flaps by promoting the formation of neovascularization after skin flap transplantation, thereby improve the survival rate of skin flaps in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Hu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang Jiangxi, 330006, P.R.China
| | - Yangyan Yi
- Department of Plastic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang Jiangxi, 330006,
| | - Yuanzheng Zhu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang Jiangxi, 330006, P.R.China
| | - Zhaohui Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang Jiangxi, 330006, P.R.China
| | - Shu Wu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang Jiangxi, 330006, P.R.China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang Jiangxi, 330006, P.R.China
| | - Jiangwen Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang Jiangxi, 330006, P.R.China
| | - Jiaying Nie
- Department of Plastic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang Jiangxi, 330006, P.R.China
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Lai P, Weng J, Guo L, Chen X, Du X. Novel insights into MSC-EVs therapy for immune diseases. Biomark Res 2019; 7:6. [PMID: 30923617 PMCID: PMC6423844 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-019-0156-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) are a heterogeneous cell population with self-renewal and the ability to differentiate into different lineages. The novel regulatory role of MSC in both adaptive and innate immune responses got extensive investigation and MSC have been widely used in clinical trials as immunosuppressive agents for autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, including graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), multiple sclerosis (MS), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), chronic kidney disease, etc. Recent studies have found that MSC exerted their immunomodulation function through secreting extracellular vesicles (EVs), which delivered parent cell cargo to recipient cells without oncogenicity or variability. Since MSC-EVs exhibit most of the properties of MSC and take advantage of their cellular immunomodulatory fuction, MSC-EVs appear to a promising none-cell therapy in various human diseases. In this review, we summarize the pivotal roles of MSC-EVs as agents for immunotherapy in diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peilong Lai
- 1Department of Hematology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080 People's Republic of China.,2Guangdong Geriatrics Institute, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080 People's Republic of China
| | - Jianyu Weng
- 1Department of Hematology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080 People's Republic of China.,2Guangdong Geriatrics Institute, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080 People's Republic of China
| | - Liyan Guo
- 1Department of Hematology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080 People's Republic of China.,2Guangdong Geriatrics Institute, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomei Chen
- 1Department of Hematology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080 People's Republic of China.,2Guangdong Geriatrics Institute, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080 People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Du
- 1Department of Hematology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080 People's Republic of China.,2Guangdong Geriatrics Institute, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080 People's Republic of China
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