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Woodhead JL, Gebremichael Y, Macwan J, Qureshi IA, Bertz R, Wirtz V, Howell BA. Prediction of the Liver Safety Profile of a First-in-Class Myeloperoxidase Inhibitor Using Quantitative Systems Toxicology Modeling. Xenobiotica 2024:1-10. [PMID: 38874513 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2024.2361027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
The novel myeloperoxidase inhibitor verdiperstat was developed as a treatment for neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases. During development, a computational prediction of verdiperstat liver safety was performed using DILIsym v8A, a quantitative systems toxicology (QST) model of liver safety.A physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model of verdiperstat was constructed in GastroPlus 9.8, and outputs for liver and plasma time courses of verdiperstat were input into DILIsym. In vitro experiments measured the likelihood that verdiperstat would inhibit mitochondrial function, inhibit bile acid transporters, and generate reactive oxygen species (ROS); these results were used as inputs into DILIsym, with two alternate sets of parameters used in order to fully explore the sensitivity of model predictions. Verdiperstat dosing protocols up to 600 mg BID were simulated for up to 48 weeks using a simulated population (SimPops) in DILIsym.Verdiperstat was predicted to be safe, with only very rare, mild liver enzyme increases as a potential possibility in highly sensitive individuals. Subsequent Phase 3 clinical trials found that ALT elevations in the verdiperstat treatment group were generally similar to those in the placebo group. This validates the DILIsym simulation results and demonstrates the power of QST modeling to predict the liver safety profile of novel therapeutics.
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2
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Liu M, Wang Z, Shang H. Multiple system atrophy: an update and emerging directions of biomarkers and clinical trials. J Neurol 2024; 271:2324-2344. [PMID: 38483626 PMCID: PMC11055738 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-024-12269-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Multiple system atrophy is a rare, debilitating, adult-onset neurodegenerative disorder that manifests clinically as a diverse combination of parkinsonism, cerebellar ataxia, and autonomic dysfunction. It is pathologically characterized by oligodendroglial cytoplasmic inclusions containing abnormally aggregated α-synuclein. According to the updated Movement Disorder Society diagnostic criteria for multiple system atrophy, the diagnosis of clinically established multiple system atrophy requires the manifestation of autonomic dysfunction in combination with poorly levo-dopa responsive parkinsonism and/or cerebellar syndrome. Although symptomatic management of multiple system atrophy can substantially improve quality of life, therapeutic benefits are often limited, ephemeral, and they fail to modify the disease progression and eradicate underlying causes. Consequently, effective breakthrough treatments that target the causes of disease are needed. Numerous preclinical and clinical studies are currently focusing on a set of hallmarks of neurodegenerative diseases to slow or halt the progression of multiple system atrophy: pathological protein aggregation, synaptic dysfunction, aberrant proteostasis, neuronal inflammation, and neuronal cell death. Meanwhile, specific biomarkers and measurements with higher specificity and sensitivity are being developed for the diagnosis of multiple system atrophy, particularly for early detection of the disease. More intriguingly, a growing number of new disease-modifying candidates, which can be used to design multi-targeted, personalized treatment in patients, are being investigated, notwithstanding the failure of most previous attempts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Liu
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Rare Disease Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhiyao Wang
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Rare Disease Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Huifang Shang
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Rare Disease Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
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Regard JB, Harrison TJ, Axford J, Axford L, Lee L, Ren X, Deng L, Reynolds A, Mao J, Liu Q, Patnaik A, Cohick E, Hollis-Symynkywicz M, Loi S, Riek S, McKeever U, Dunstan D, Sung M, Ware NF, Brown AP, Hamann LG, Marcinkeviciene J, Patterson AW, Marro ML. Discovery of a novel, highly potent and orally bioavailable pyrrolidinone indole series of irreversible Myeloperoxidase (MPO) inhibitors. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 209:115418. [PMID: 36693437 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is a heme-containing peroxidase from phagocytic cells, which plays an important role in the innate immune response. The primary anti-microbial function of MPO is achieved by catalyzing the oxidation of halides by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Upon activation of phagocytes, MPO activity is detectable in both phagosomes and extracellularly, where it can remain or transcytose into interstitial compartments. Activated MPO leads to oxidative stress and tissue damage in many inflammatory states, including cardiovascular disease. Starting from a low molecular weight (LMW) high throughput screening (HTS) hit, here we report the discovery of a novel pyrrolidinone indole (IN-4) as a highly potent MPO inhibitor. This compound displays similar in vitro potency across peroxidation, plasma and NETosis assays. In a dilution/dialysis study, <5% of the original MPO activity was detected post-incubation of MPO with IN-4, suggesting irreversible enzyme inhibition. A fast MPO inactivation rate (kinact/Ki) and low partition ratio (k3/k4) make IN-4 kinetic properties attractive for an MPO inhibitor. This compound also displays significant selectivity over the closely related thyroid peroxidase (TPO), and is selective for extracellular MPO over intracellular (neutrophil) MPO. Moreover, IN-4 shows good exposure, low clearance and high oral bioavailability in mice, rats and dogs. The high in vitro MPO activity and high oral exposure observed with IN-4 result in a dose-dependent inhibition of MPO activity in three mouse models of inflammation. In conclusion, IN-4 is a novel, potent, mechanism-based and selective MPO inhibitor, which may be used as superior therapeutic agent to treat multiple inflammatory conditions, including cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean B Regard
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Jake Axford
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Laura Axford
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Lac Lee
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Xianglin Ren
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Justin Mao
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Qian Liu
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Evan Cohick
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Sally Loi
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Simone Riek
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Autoimmunity, Transplantation and Inflammation, Switzlerland
| | - Una McKeever
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Autoimmunity, Transplantation and Inflammation, Switzlerland
| | | | - MooJe Sung
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Alan P Brown
- Preclinical Safety, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Fabrikstrasse 2 Novartis Campus, Basel CH-4056, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Martin L Marro
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Cambridge, MA, USA
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4
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Schroder AL, Chami B, Liu Y, Doyle CM, El Kazzi M, Ahlenstiel G, Ahmad G, Pathma-Nathan N, Collins G, Toh J, Harman A, Byrne S, Ctercteko G, Witting PK. Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Density Increases With Increasing Histopathological Severity of Crohn's Disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2022; 28:586-598. [PMID: 34724042 PMCID: PMC9036391 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izab239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal neutrophil recruitment is a characteristic feature of the earliest stages of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Neutrophil elastase (NE) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) mediate the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs); NETs produce the bactericidal oxidant hypochlorous acid (HOCl), causing host tissue damage when unregulated. The project aim was to investigate the relationship between NET formation and clinical IBD in humans. METHODS Human intestinal biopsies were collected from Crohn's disease (CD) patients, endoscopically categorized as unaffected, transitional, or diseased, and assigned a histopathological score. RESULTS A significant linear correlation was identified between pathological score and cell viability (TUNEL+). Immunohistochemical analysis revealed the presence of NET markers NE, MPO, and citrullinated histone (CitH3) that increased significantly with increasing histopathological score. Diseased specimens showed greater MPO+-immunostaining than control (P < .0001) and unaffected CD (P < .0001), with transitional CD specimens also showing greater staining than controls (P < .05) and unaffected CD (P < .05). Similarly, NE+-immunostaining was elevated significantly in diseased CD than controls (P < .0001) and unaffected CD (P < .0001) and was significantly higher in transitional CD than in controls (P < .0001) and unaffected CD (P < .0001). The CitH3+-immunostaining of diseased CD was significantly higher than controls (P < .05), unaffected CD (P < .0001) and transitional CD (P < .05), with transitional CD specimens showing greater staining than unaffected CD (P < .01). Multiplex immunohistochemistry with z-stacking revealed colocalization of NE, MPO, CitH3, and DAPI (cell nuclei), confirming the NET assignment. CONCLUSION These data indicate an association between increased NET formation and CD severity, potentially due to excessive MPO-mediated HOCl production in the extracellular domain, causing host tissue damage that exacerbates CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angie L Schroder
- The University of Sydney, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, NSW, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Belal Chami
- The University of Sydney, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, NSW, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Yuyang Liu
- The University of Sydney, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, NSW, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Chloe M Doyle
- The University of Sydney, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, NSW, Australia
- Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Centre for Immunology and Allergy Research, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Mary El Kazzi
- The University of Sydney, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, NSW, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Golo Ahlenstiel
- Western Sydney University, Westmead Clinical School and The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Blacktown Hospital, Blacktown, NSW, Australia
| | - Gulfam Ahmad
- The University of Sydney, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, NSW, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nimalan Pathma-Nathan
- Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Centre for Immunology and Allergy Research, Westmead, NSW, Australia
- Centre for Virus Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, NSW,Australia
| | - Geoff Collins
- Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Centre for Immunology and Allergy Research, Westmead, NSW, Australia
- Centre for Virus Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, NSW,Australia
| | - James Toh
- Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Centre for Immunology and Allergy Research, Westmead, NSW, Australia
- Centre for Virus Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, NSW,Australia
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Westmead Hospital, NSW,Australia
| | - Andrew Harman
- The University of Sydney, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, NSW, Australia
- Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Centre for Immunology and Allergy Research, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Scott Byrne
- The University of Sydney, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, NSW, Australia
- Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Centre for Immunology and Allergy Research, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Grahame Ctercteko
- Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Centre for Immunology and Allergy Research, Westmead, NSW, Australia
- Centre for Virus Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, NSW,Australia
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Westmead Hospital, NSW,Australia
| | - Paul K Witting
- The University of Sydney, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, NSW, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Hu CH, Neissel Valente MW, Halpern OS, Jusuf S, Khan JA, Locke GA, Duke GJ, Liu X, Duclos FJ, Wexler RR, Kick EK, Smallheer JM. Small molecule and macrocyclic pyrazole derived inhibitors of myeloperoxidase (MPO). Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 42:128010. [PMID: 33811992 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.128010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Myeloperoxidase (MPO), a critical enzyme in antimicrobial host-defense, has been implicated in chronic inflammatory diseases such as coronary artery disease. The design and evaluation of MPO inhibitors for the treatment of cardiovascular disease are reported herein. Starting with the MPO and triazolopyridine 3 crystal structure, novel inhibitors were designed incorporating a substituted pyrazole, which allowed for substituents to interact with hydrophobic and hydrophilic patches in the active site. SAR exploration of the substituted pyrazoles led to piperidine 17, which inhibited HOCl production from activated neutrophils with an IC50 value of 2.4 μM and had selectivity against thyroid peroxidase (TPO). Optimization of alkylation chemistry on the pyrazole nitrogen facilitated the preparation of many analogs, including macrocycles designed to bridge two hydrophobic regions of the active site. Multiple macrocyclization strategies were pursued to prepare analogs that optimally bound to the active site, leading to potent macrocyclic MPO inhibitors with TPO selectivity, such as compound 30.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol H Hu
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, P. O. Box 5400, Princeton, NJ 08543, United States.
| | - Meriah W Neissel Valente
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, P. O. Box 5400, Princeton, NJ 08543, United States.
| | - O Scott Halpern
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, P. O. Box 5400, Princeton, NJ 08543, United States
| | - Sutjano Jusuf
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, P. O. Box 5400, Princeton, NJ 08543, United States
| | - Javed A Khan
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, P. O. Box 5400, Princeton, NJ 08543, United States
| | - Gregory A Locke
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, P. O. Box 5400, Princeton, NJ 08543, United States
| | - Gerald J Duke
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, P. O. Box 5400, Princeton, NJ 08543, United States
| | - Xiaoqin Liu
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, P. O. Box 5400, Princeton, NJ 08543, United States
| | - Franck J Duclos
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, P. O. Box 5400, Princeton, NJ 08543, United States
| | - Ruth R Wexler
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, P. O. Box 5400, Princeton, NJ 08543, United States
| | - Ellen K Kick
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, P. O. Box 5400, Princeton, NJ 08543, United States
| | - Joanne M Smallheer
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, P. O. Box 5400, Princeton, NJ 08543, United States
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Guan XD, Tang XG, Zhang YJ, Xie HM, Luo L, Wu D, Chen R, Hu P. Population Pharmacokinetic Analysis of Yimitasvir in Chinese Healthy Volunteers and Patients With Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:617122. [PMID: 33584296 PMCID: PMC7876056 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.617122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Yimitasvir is a novel, oral hepatitis C virus (HCV) non-structural protein 5A inhibitor for the treatment of chronic HCV genotype 1 infection. The objective of this analysis was to develop a population pharmacokinetic model of yimitasvir in Chinese healthy volunteers and HCV infection patients. The model was performed using data from 219 subjects across six studies. Nonlinear mixed effects models were developed using Phoenix NLME software. The covariates were evaluated using a stepwise forward inclusion (p < 0.01) and then a backward exclusion procedure (p < 0.001). A two-compartment model with sequential zero-first order absorption and first-order elimination reasonably described yimitasvir pharmacokinetics (PK). The apparent oral clearance and central volume of distribution were 13.8 l·h−1 and 188 l, respectively. The bioavailability (F) of yimitasvir decreased 12.9% for each 100 mg dose increase. Food was found to affect absorption rate (Ka) and F. High-fat meal decreased Ka and F by 90.9% and 38.5%, respectively. Gender and alanine aminotransferase were identified as significant covariates on apparent oral clearance. Female subjects had lower clearance than male subjects. Zero-order absorption duration was longer in healthy volunteers (2.17 h) than that in patients (1.43 h). The population pharmacokinetic model described yimitasvir PK profile well. Food decreased Ka and F significantly, so it was recommended to take yimitasvir at least 2 h before or after a meal. Other significant covariates were not clinically important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Duo Guan
- Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical PK and PD Investigation for Innovative Drugs, Beijing, China
| | - Xian-Ge Tang
- Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical PK and PD Investigation for Innovative Drugs, Beijing, China
| | - Ying-Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Anti-Infective Drug Development, Dongguan, China.,Sunshine Lake Pharma Co., Ltd., Dongguan, China
| | - Hong-Ming Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Anti-Infective Drug Development, Dongguan, China.,Sunshine Lake Pharma Co., Ltd., Dongguan, China
| | - Lin Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Anti-Infective Drug Development, Dongguan, China.,Sunshine Lake Pharma Co., Ltd., Dongguan, China
| | - Dan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Anti-Infective Drug Development, Dongguan, China.,Sunshine Lake Pharma Co., Ltd., Dongguan, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical PK and PD Investigation for Innovative Drugs, Beijing, China
| | - Pei Hu
- Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical PK and PD Investigation for Innovative Drugs, Beijing, China
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7
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Ahmad G, Chami B, Liu Y, Schroder AL, San Gabriel PT, Gao A, Fong G, Wang X, Witting PK. The Synthetic Myeloperoxidase Inhibitor AZD3241 Ameliorates Dextran Sodium Sulfate Stimulated Experimental Colitis. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:556020. [PMID: 33041796 PMCID: PMC7522858 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.556020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a condition with multifactorial pathophysiology. To date, there is no permanent cure and the disease is primarily managed by immunosuppressive drugs; long-term use promotes serious side effects including increased risk malignancies. The current study aimed to target neutrophil-myeloperoxidase, a key contributor to the pathogenesis of IBD, through the use of AZD3241that inhibits extracellular myeloperoxidase. Experimental colitis was induced in C57BL/6 male mice by 2% dextran sodium sulfate in drinking water ad libitum over 9 days. Mice received either normal drinking water and peanut butter (control), 2% DSS in drinking water and peanut butter or 2% DSS in drinking water and AZD3241 (30 mg/kg) dispersed in peanut butter daily for 9 days. Administered AZD3241 attenuated body weight loss (10% p<0.05) and improved clinical score (9 fold p<0.05; a score comprising the time-dependent assessment of stool consistency and extent of rectal bleeding), loss of colonic crypts (p<0.001), preserved surface epithelium (p<0.001) and enhanced expression of the transcription factor Nrf-2 (regulator of antioxidants) and enhanced expression of the downstream antioxidant response element haeoxygenase-1 (HO-1) in the colon tissue. Also, the concentration of fecal hemoglobin and the myeloperoxidase specific oxidative damage biomarker 3-chlorotyrosine in the colon were significantly decreased in the presence of AZD3241. This latter result was consistent with AZD3241 inhibiting MPO activity in vitro. Overall, AZD3241 ameliorated the course and severity of experimental colitis through ameliorating MPO derived tissue damage and could be considered a potential therapeutic option, subject to further validation in chronic IBD models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulfam Ahmad
- Discipline of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Belal Chami
- Discipline of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Dentistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Yuyang Liu
- Discipline of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Angie L Schroder
- Discipline of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Patrick T San Gabriel
- Discipline of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Antony Gao
- Discipline of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Genevieve Fong
- Discipline of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - XiaoSuo Wang
- Discipline of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Paul K Witting
- Discipline of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Soubhye J, Van Antwerpen P, Dufrasne F. A patent review of myeloperoxidase inhibitors for treating chronic inflammatory syndromes (focus on cardiovascular diseases, 2013-2019). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2020; 30:595-608. [DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2020.1780210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jalal Soubhye
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Bioanalysis and Drug Discovery, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universite Libre De Bruxelles (ULB), Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Pierre Van Antwerpen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Bioanalysis and Drug Discovery, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universite Libre De Bruxelles (ULB), Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - François Dufrasne
- Microbiology, Bioorganic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universite Libre De Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
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9
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Xu H, Tong X, Mugundu G, Scott ML, Cook C, Arfvidsson C, Pease E, Zhou D, Lyne P, Al-Huniti N. Population pharmacokinetic analysis of danvatirsen supporting flat dosing switch. J Pharmacokinet Pharmacodyn 2019; 46:65-74. [PMID: 30661177 DOI: 10.1007/s10928-019-09619-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Danvatirsen is a Generation 2.5 antisense oligonucleotide under clinical development. Population PK modelling was conducted using data from 3 available danvatirsen Phase I/II studies in oncology patients to investigate the impact of flat dosing on exposure compared to ideal body weight-based dosing. A total of 126 patients who received danvatirsen doses ranging from 1 to 4 mg/kg as monotherapy or in combination with durvalumab, most at 3 mg/kg (n = 70), was used in the danvatirsen population PK analysis. A 2-compartment model with linear elimination described the data well. Covariate analysis revealed ideal body weight was not a significant covariate on the PK of danvatirsen; nor was age, sex or race. The model-based simulation suggested that steady state weekly AUC and Cmax were very similar between 3 mg/kg and 200 mg flat dosing (geometric mean of AUC: 62.5 vs. 63.4 mg h/L and Cmax: 26.2 vs. 26.5 mg/L for two dose groups) with slightly less overall between-subject variability in the flat dosing regimen. The switch to flat dosing was approved by multiple regulatory agencies, including FDA, EMA, PMDA and ANSM. Several ongoing studies have been evaluating flat dosing. Interim analysis from an ongoing study (D5660C00016, NCT03421353) has shown the observed steady state concentration from 200 mg flat dose is in agreement with the model predictions. The population PK model could be further utilized in subsequent exposure-response efficacy and safety modelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Xu
- Quantitative Clinical Pharmacology, Early Clinical Development, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xiao Tong
- Quantitative Clinical Pharmacology, Early Clinical Development, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ganesh Mugundu
- Quantitative Clinical Pharmacology, Early Clinical Development, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Boston, MA, USA. .,AstraZeneca, 35 Gatehouse Dr., Waltham, MA, 02451, USA.
| | | | - Carl Cook
- Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Boston, USA
| | - Cecilia Arfvidsson
- Clinical Sample and Bioanalytical Science, Early Clinical Development, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Diansong Zhou
- Quantitative Clinical Pharmacology, Early Clinical Development, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paul Lyne
- Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Boston, USA
| | - Nidal Al-Huniti
- Quantitative Clinical Pharmacology, Early Clinical Development, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Boston, MA, USA
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