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Gambari R, Waziri AD, Goonasekera H, Peprah E. Pharmacogenomics of Drugs Used in β-Thalassemia and Sickle-Cell Disease: From Basic Research to Clinical Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4263. [PMID: 38673849 PMCID: PMC11050010 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In this short review we have presented and discussed studies on pharmacogenomics (also termed pharmacogenetics) of the drugs employed in the treatment of β-thalassemia or Sickle-cell disease (SCD). This field of investigation is relevant, since it is expected to help clinicians select the appropriate drug and the correct dosage for each patient. We first discussed the search for DNA polymorphisms associated with a high expression of γ-globin genes and identified this using GWAS studies and CRISPR-based gene editing approaches. We then presented validated DNA polymorphisms associated with a high HbF production (including, but not limited to the HBG2 XmnI polymorphism and those related to the BCL11A, MYB, KLF-1, and LYAR genes). The expression of microRNAs involved in the regulation of γ-globin genes was also presented in the context of pharmacomiRNomics. Then, the pharmacogenomics of validated fetal hemoglobin inducers (hydroxyurea, butyrate and butyrate analogues, thalidomide, and sirolimus), of iron chelators, and of analgesics in the pain management of SCD patients were considered. Finally, we discuss current clinical trials, as well as international research networks focusing on clinical issues related to pharmacogenomics in hematological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Gambari
- Center “Chiara Gemmo and Elio Zago” for the Research on Thalassemia, Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Ferrara University, 40124 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Aliyu Dahiru Waziri
- Department of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital Zaria, Kaduna 810001, Nigeria;
| | - Hemali Goonasekera
- Department of Anatomy, Genetics and Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo P.O. Box 271, Sri Lanka;
| | - Emmanuel Peprah
- Implementing Sustainable Evidence-Based Interventions through Engagement (ISEE) Lab, Department of Global and Environmental Health, School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA;
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Gotardo ÉMF, Brito PL, Gushiken LFS, Chweih H, Leonardo FC, Costa FF, Conran N. Molecular and cellular effects of in vivo chronic intravascular hemolysis and anti-inflammatory therapeutic approaches. Vascul Pharmacol 2023; 150:107176. [PMID: 37116732 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2023.107176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Intravascular hemolysis (IVH) occurs in numerous inherited and acquired disorders, including sickle cell disease (SCD), malaria and sepsis. These diseases display unique symptoms, but often share complications, such as vasomotor dysfunction and pulmonary hypertension. Consequently, in vivo models are needed to study the effects of continuous intravascular hemolytic processes, independently of the molecular or extrinsic alteration that leads to erythrocyte destruction. We gave twice-weekly low-dose phenylhydrazine (LDPHZ) to C57BL/6 J mice for 4 weeks, and measured parameters indicative of anemia, hemoglobin-clearance pathways, inflammation and iron turnover, comparing these to those of a murine model of SCD, which displays associated IVH. LDPHZ administration provoked discreet anemia in mice and significant reticulocytosis, in association with hemoglobin/heme-clearance pathway protein depletion. Mice subjected to chronic hemolysis displayed elevated leukocyte counts and plasma levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, soluble ICAM-1, endothelin-1 and anti-inflammatory IL-10, closely emulating alterations indicative of systemic inflammatory and endothelial activation in SCD, and confirming chronic IVH in itself as a serious complication. Discreet accelerations in hepatic and splenic iron turnover also occurred in LDPHZ mice, without alterations in liver damage markers. Examining the effects of two therapies on hemolysis-induced inflammation, the administration of hydroxyurea (and to a lesser extent, l-glutamine) significantly abrogated hemolytic inflammation in mice, without apparent inhibition of hemolysis. In conclusion, the isolation of chronic IVH, a common disease mechanism, using this model, may allow the study of hemolysis-specific sequelae at the cellular and systemic level, and the investigation of candidate agents that could potentially counter hemolytic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Érica M F Gotardo
- Hematology and Transfusion Center, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Pâmela L Brito
- Hematology and Transfusion Center, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucas F S Gushiken
- Hematology and Transfusion Center, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Hanan Chweih
- Hematology and Transfusion Center, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Flavia C Leonardo
- Hematology and Transfusion Center, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernando F Costa
- Hematology and Transfusion Center, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Nicola Conran
- Hematology and Transfusion Center, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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Shash H. Non-Transfusion-Dependent Thalassemia: A Panoramic Review. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2022; 58:medicina58101496. [PMID: 36295656 PMCID: PMC9608723 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58101496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Non-transfusion-dependent thalassemia (NTDT) has been considered less severe than its transfusion-dependent variants. The most common forms of NTDT include β-thalassemia intermedia, hemoglobin E/beta thalassemia, and hemoglobin H disease. Patients with NTDT develop several clinical complications, despite their regular transfusion independence. Ineffective erythropoiesis, iron overload, and hypercoagulability are pathophysiological factors that lead to morbidities in these patients. Therefore, an early and accurate diagnosis of NTDT is essential to ascertaining early interventions. Currently, several conventional management options are available, with guidelines suggested by the Thalassemia International Federation, and novel therapies are being developed in light of the advancement of the understanding of this disease. This review aimed to increase clinicians’ awareness of NTDT, from its basic medical definition and genetics to its pathophysiology. Specific complications to NTDT were reviewed, along with the risk factors for its development. The indications of different therapeutic options were outlined, and recent advancements were reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwazen Shash
- College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Pediatrics, King Fahad Hospital of the University, Al-Khobar 31952, Saudi Arabia
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Evaluation of the combination therapy of hydroxyurea and thalidomide in β-thalassemia. Blood Adv 2022; 6:6162-6168. [PMID: 35477175 PMCID: PMC9772794 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2022007031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Transfusion-related complications and lack of resources in low-to-middle-income countries have led to a search for novel therapies to reduce the need for blood transfusions in patients with β-thalassemia. Hydroxyurea (HU) has demonstrated promising outcomes; additionally, thalidomide has also shown improvement in hemoglobin (Hb) levels for patients with β-thalassemia in some studies. This study presents the findings of a single-arm nonrandomized trial to evaluate the efficacy of combination therapy of HU and thalidomide in children with β-thalassemia. A total of 135 patients (median age, 6 [interquartile range, 3-10] years), 77 (57%) males and 58 (43%) females, were followed first using HU alone, for 6 months, and then using the combination of HU and thalidomide for another 6 months. The primary outcome was a response to therapy, as measured by the number of transfusions required and Hb levels, for patients while receiving HU alone and then while using the combination therapy. Study findings showed a significant decline in blood transfusion volume (P < .001) and a significant increase in median Hb levels within 3 and 6 months of the combination therapy (P < .001). Eighty-nine (65.93%) participants were good responders, 16 (11.85%) were responders, and 30 (22.22%) were nonresponders, whereas the responders had variable genetic mutations. A total of 38 adverse events were reported that resolved on supportive treatment or temporary hold of the intervention. The combination therapy demonstrated promising results and could be considered for a diverse patient population with β-thalassemia. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT05132270.
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Ansari SH, Hussain Z, Zohaib M, Parveen S, Kaleem B, Qamar H, Adil O, Khan MT, Shamsi TS. A Pragmatic Scoring Tool to Predict Hydroxyurea Response Among β-Thalassemia Major Patients in Pakistan. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2022; 44:e77-e83. [PMID: 33710118 DOI: 10.1097/mph.0000000000002136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Despite high prevalence and incidence of β-thalassemia in Pakistan, there is very limited work on the use of hydroxyurea (HU) in thalassemia patients in the country. This is the first insight regarding genetic profiling of BCL11A and HU responses in Pakistani β-thalassemia. It correlates single-nucleotide polymorphisms on BCL11A (rs4671393, rs766432) and HBG2 (XmnI), age at first transfusion, and β-globin mutations with HU response in β-thalassemia major (BTM). Of 272 patients treated with HU, 98 were complete responders, 55 partial responders, and 119 nonresponders. Our analysis shows that HU response was significantly associated with patients having IVSI-1 or CD 30 mutation (P<0.001), age at first transfusion >1 year (P<0.001), and with the presence of XmnI polymorphism (P<0.001). The single-nucleotide polymorphisms of BCL11A were more prevalent among responders, but could not show significant association with HU response (P>0.05). Cumulative effect of all 5 predicting factors through simple binary scoring indicates that the likelihood of HU response increases with the number of primary and secondary genetic modifiers (P<0.001). Predictors scoring is a pragmatic tool to foresee HU response in patients with BTM. The authors recommend a score of ≥2 for starting HU therapy in Pakistani patients with BTM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saqib H Ansari
- National Institute of Blood Diseases and Bone Marrow Transplantation
| | - Zeeshan Hussain
- National Institute of Blood Diseases and Bone Marrow Transplantation
- Omair Sana Foundation
| | - Muhammad Zohaib
- Omair Sana Foundation
- National Center for Proteomics, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Sadia Parveen
- National Institute of Blood Diseases and Bone Marrow Transplantation
| | - Bushra Kaleem
- National Institute of Blood Diseases and Bone Marrow Transplantation
| | - Hina Qamar
- National Institute of Blood Diseases and Bone Marrow Transplantation
| | | | | | - Tahir S Shamsi
- National Institute of Blood Diseases and Bone Marrow Transplantation
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Long-term safety and efficacy of hydroxyurea in patients with non-transfusion-dependent β-thalassemia: a comprehensive single-center experience. Ann Hematol 2021; 100:2901-2907. [PMID: 34383102 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-021-04627-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Over the past 20 years, hydroxyurea (HU) has emerged as an effective therapeutic agent in thalassemic patients to improve anemia and decrease the transfusion dependency. We evaluated long-term safety and clinical response to HU in patients with non-transfusion-dependent β-thalassemia (NTDT). In this retrospective study, medical records of 181 patients with NTDT were evaluated during October to December 2020 in Southern Iran. No requirement to blood transfusion was considered as sustained transfusion independence response. All patients were regularly examined and monitored for the occurrence of any adverse event (AE) of HU. The mean duration of HU consumption ± SD was 18.2 ± 4.0 (8-22) years. Overall, 149 patients (82.3%) had sustained transfusion independence response. β-globin gene mutations and XmnI polymorphisms were not significantly associated with clinical response (P > 0.05). Mild and transient AEs were reported in 60 patients (33%) with no requirement to drug interruption. Hydroxyurea with the dose of 8-15 mg/kg can be used as a safe and effective treatment in NTDT patients. It was well tolerated in long term without any serious complication or secondary malignancy. No relationship between XmnI or β-globin gene mutations with HU response was observed in this geographic area of the world.
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NasrEldin E, Khaled SAA, Abdelhameed NO, Atwa M, Thabet MM, Elsayh KI, Elgammal SA. Genotyping versus phenotyping of non-ABO erythrocyte antigens in patients with the Mediterranean hemopathic syndromes: Effect of transfusion therapy. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251576. [PMID: 34228734 PMCID: PMC8260000 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Mediterranean hemopathic syndromes (MHS) are the most prevalent hemoglobinopathies in the Mediterranean basin. Transfusion therapy is the main therapy for these disorders, particularly for severe forms of the disease. Currently, pre-transfusion serological typing of erythrocyte antigens is the standard tool for reducing complications of transfusion in those patients. This study compared genotyping with phenotyping of non-ABO erythrocyte antigens in patients with MHS and assessed the effect of transfusion therapy on their results. One-hundred ninety-eight MHS patients were recruited, screened, and proven negative for allo-antibodies. They were grouped into two groups: (1) 20 newly diagnosed patients with no transfusion history and (2) 178 previously diagnosed patients undergoing transfusion therapy. Patients were interviewed and clinically examined. Full blood count (FBC) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were done for group 1 only. Genotyping and phenotyping of non-ABO erythrocyte antigens were performed for group 1, and 25 patients out of group 2 were propensity score-matched (PSM) with group 1. Both groups were gender and age matched; 55% and 74% of groups 1 and 2 had major disease, respectively. Insignificant differences were observed between genotyping and phenotyping of non-ABO erythrocyte antigens in group 1, while significant discrepancies and mixed field results were noted in group 2 patients. Discrepancies were obvious with JKa, JKb, and little c antigens. Conclusively, molecular typing is a powerful tool for pre-transfusion testing in chronically transfused MHS patients. This testing reduces incidence of transfusion reactions. JKa, JKb and little c antigens are the most clinically significant non-ABO erythrocyte antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman NasrEldin
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Safaa A. A. Khaled
- Department of Internal Medicine-Clinical Hematology Unit, Assiut University Hospital /Unit of Bone Marrow Transplantation, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
- * E-mail: ,
| | - Nada O. Abdelhameed
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Maha Atwa
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Marwa M. Thabet
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Khalid I. Elsayh
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Sahar A. Elgammal
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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Ineffective Erythropoiesis in β-Thalassaemia: Key Steps and Therapeutic Options by Drugs. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22137229. [PMID: 34281283 PMCID: PMC8268821 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
β-thalassaemia is a rare genetic condition caused by mutations in the β-globin gene that result in severe iron-loading anaemia, maintained by a detrimental state of ineffective erythropoiesis (IE). The role of multiple mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of the disease has been recently unravelled. The unbalanced production of α-globin is a major source of oxidative stress and membrane damage in red blood cells (RBC). In addition, IE is tightly linked to iron metabolism dysregulation, and the relevance of new players of this pathway, i.e., hepcidin, erythroferrone, matriptase-2, among others, has emerged. Advances have been made in understanding the balance between proliferation and maturation of erythroid precursors and the role of specific factors in this process, such as members of the TGF-β superfamily, and their downstream effectors, or the transcription factor GATA1. The increasing understanding of IE allowed for the development of a broad set of potential therapeutic options beyond the current standard of care. Many candidates of disease-modifying drugs are currently under clinical investigation, targeting the regulation of iron metabolism, the production of foetal haemoglobin, the maturation process, or the energetic balance and membrane stability of RBC. Overall, they provide tools and evidence for multiple and synergistic approaches that are effectively moving clinical research in β-thalassaemia from bench to bedside.
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Yasara N, Premawardhena A, Mettananda S. A comprehensive review of hydroxyurea for β-haemoglobinopathies: the role revisited during COVID-19 pandemic. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2021; 16:114. [PMID: 33648529 PMCID: PMC7919989 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-021-01757-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hydroxyurea is one of the earliest drugs that showed promise in the management of haemoglobinopathies that include β-thalassaemia and sickle cell disease. Despite this, many aspects of hydroxyurea are either unknown or understudied; specifically, its usefulness in β-thalassaemia major and haemoglobin E β-thalassaemia is unclear. However, during COVID-19 pandemic, it has become a valuable adjunct to transfusion therapy in patients with β-haemoglobinopathies. In this review, we aim to explore the available in vitro and in vivo mechanistic data and the clinical utility of hydroxyurea in β-haemoglobinopathies with a special emphasis on its usefulness during the COVID-19 pandemic. Main body Hydroxyurea is an S-phase-specific drug that reversibly inhibits ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase enzyme which catalyses an essential step in the DNA biosynthesis. In human erythroid cells, it induces the expression of γ-globin, a fetal globin gene that is suppressed after birth. Through several molecular pathways described in this review, hydroxyurea exerts many favourable effects on the haemoglobin content, red blood cell indices, ineffective erythropoiesis, and blood rheology in patients with β-haemoglobinopathies. Currently, it is recommended for sickle cell disease and non-transfusion dependent β-thalassaemia. A number of clinical trials are ongoing to evaluate its usefulness in transfusion dependent β-thalassaemia. During the COVID-19 pandemic, it was widely used as an adjunct to transfusion therapy due to limitations in the availability of blood and logistical disturbances. Thus, it has become clear that hydroxyurea could play a remarkable role in reducing transfusion requirements of patients with haemoglobinopathies, especially when donor blood is a limited resource. Conclusion Hydroxyurea is a well-tolerated oral drug which has been in use for many decades. Through its actions of reversible inhibition of ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase enzyme and fetal haemoglobin induction, it exerts many favourable effects on patients with β-haemoglobinopathies. It is currently approved for the treatment of sickle cell disease and non-transfusion dependent β-thalassaemia. Also, there are various observations to suggest that hydroxyurea is an important adjunct in the treatment of transfusion dependent β-thalassaemia which should be confirmed by randomised clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirmani Yasara
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Thalagolla Road, Ragama, 11010, Sri Lanka
| | - Anuja Premawardhena
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Ragama, Sri Lanka.,Colombo North Teaching Hospital, Ragama, Sri Lanka
| | - Sachith Mettananda
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Thalagolla Road, Ragama, 11010, Sri Lanka. .,Colombo North Teaching Hospital, Ragama, Sri Lanka.
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Lin Y, Xiong W, Xiao S, Li F, Lu Z, Yan J, Fang X, Cui X, Wen Y, Liang J, Yu K. Pharmacoproteomics reveals the mechanism of Chinese dragon's blood in regulating the RSK/TSC2/mTOR/ribosome pathway in alleviation of DSS-induced acute ulcerative colitis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 263:113221. [PMID: 32783984 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Chinese dragon's blood (CDB), a crude drug extracted from Dracaena cochinchinensis (Lour.) S.C. Chen, has been historically applied for the treatment of various diseases, including ulcerative colitis (UC). Unfortunately, the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this paper, the effects of CDB treatment on a mouse model of acute UC and proteomic variation in colonic tissue were investigated. The acute UC model in Balb/c mice was induced by administration of 2.5% (wt/vol) dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in drinking water for 8 days. After the mice with UC were intragastrically administered CDB and intraperitoneally injected with rapamycin (RAPA, a specific inhibitor of mTORC1), the disease activity index (DAI) and histopathological score were recorded. An isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) based LC-MS/MS proteomic technique was adopted to identify the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in colonic tissue. Bioinformatics analysis was used to discover the molecular functions and pathways of the DEPs. Finally, Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry were used to verify the protein expression. RESULTS The results showed that CDB treatment significantly ameliorated the symptoms and intestinal damage in acute UC, while RAPA treatment led to severe symptoms and intestinal damage. A total of 489 DEPs were reversed in the control check (CK) group and the CDB group. Most DEPs were enriched in the structural constituents of ribosomes and the ribosome pathway. CDB treatment significantly upregulated the expression of the mTOR, p-mTOR and p70S6K proteins and downregulated the expression of the Akt, p-Akt, and p4EBP1 proteins. However, RAPA treatment, unlike CDB, did not return the levels of mTOR, Akt, and their phosphorylated forms to nearly normal. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, the dysfunction of the mTOR/ribosome pathway resulting in the inhibition of ribosome synthesis played an important role in the development of acute UC in mice, and CDB, but not RAPA, was an alternative drug for the treatment of acute UC by enhancing ribosome synthesis via the mTOR/ribosome pathway and further promoting protein synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilong Lin
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China
| | - Wanna Xiong
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical College, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Simeng Xiao
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China
| | - Fang Li
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China
| | - Zhuo Lu
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China
| | - Jiongyi Yan
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China
| | - Xuewan Fang
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China
| | - Xiaojuan Cui
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China
| | - Yilei Wen
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China
| | - Jianqin Liang
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China.
| | - Kai Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China.
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Khan F, Ali A, Iqbal A, Musharraf SG. Profiling of hydroxyurea-treated β-thalassemia/ serum proteome through nano-LC-ESI-MS/ MS in combination with microsol-isoelectric focusing. Biomed Chromatogr 2019; 34:e4753. [PMID: 31777090 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Advancements in proteomic tools offer a comprehensive solution to studying the complexity of diseases at molecular level. This study focusses on the clinical proteomic profiling of pre- and post-hydroxyurea (HU)-treated β-thalassemia patients in parallel with healthy individuals to better understand the role of HU in the treatment of β-thalassemia. The strategy encompasses sequential high-resolution protein fractionation using MicroSol-isoelectric focusing (ZOOM- IEF) followed by one-dimensional SDS-PAGE before nano-RP-LC-MS/ MS analysis of tryptic peptides. Protein identification was performed through Mascot search using NCBInr and SwissProt databases. Several different proteins were observed in pool serum samples of each of the three study groups. Approximately, 1250 proteins exclusive to each group were identified, and after removing the redundant and low sequence coverage proteins, the number was reduced to 576 (201 in healthy, 187 in HU-untreated and 188 in HU-treated group). Uniquely identified proteins in the HU-treated group regulate the focal adhesion, ECM-receptor interaction, PI3K-Akt signaling, Rap1 signaling, cAMP signaling, platelet activation, and Ca2+ signaling pathways in the HU-treated group. The proteomic profile presented here will add to the current state of understanding of molecular mechanisms involved in hydroxyurea treatment of β-thalassemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Khan
- Dr Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Arslan Ali
- Dr Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Iqbal
- Dr Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Syed Ghulam Musharraf
- Dr Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan.,H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
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Managing thalassemia in the developing world: an evidence-based approach for prevention, transfusion independency, and curative treatment with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Blood Adv 2019; 2:42-45. [PMID: 30504199 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2018gs112057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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13
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Abdullah UY, Ibrahim HM, Mahmud NB, Salleh MZ, Kek TL, Noorizhab MN, Jassim HM, Othman I, Zainal Abidin SA, Zilfalil BA, Wilairat P, Fucharoen S. Quadrupole-Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometric Identification of Hemoglobin Subunits α, β, γ and δ in Unknown Peaks of High Performance Liquid Chromatography of Hemoglobin in β-Thalassemias. Hemoglobin 2019; 43:182-187. [DOI: 10.1080/03630269.2019.1632893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Uday Y.H. Abdullah
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Medical Campus, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Hishamshah M. Ibrahim
- Paediatric department, Hospital Kuala Lumpur (HKL), Jalan Pahang, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Noraesah B. Mahmud
- Pathology Department, Haematology Unit, Hospital Kuala Lumpur (HKL), Jalan Pahang, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohamad Z. Salleh
- Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute (iPROMISE), Universiti Teknologi Mara (UiTM), Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor State, Malaysia
| | - Teh L. Kek
- Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute (iPROMISE), Universiti Teknologi Mara (UiTM), Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor State, Malaysia
| | - Mohd N.F.B. Noorizhab
- Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute (iPROMISE), Universiti Teknologi Mara (UiTM), Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor State, Malaysia
| | - Haitham M. Jassim
- Emergency Department, Rockingham Peel Group, South Metropolitan Health Service, Rockingham, West Australia
| | - Iekhsan Othman
- Jeffery Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University, Subang Jaya, Selangor State, Malaysia
| | - Syafiq A. Zainal Abidin
- LCMS Platform, Jefferey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Selangor State, Malaysia
| | - Bin Alwi Zilfalil
- School of Medical Science, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Prapin Wilairat
- National Doping Control Centre, Mahidol University, Rachathawee, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Suthat Fucharoen
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya Campus, Nakornpathom, Thailand
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14
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Plasma proteomics has been extensively utilized for studies that investigate various disease settings (e.g. cardiovascular disease), as well as to monitor the effect of pharmaceuticals on the plasma proteome (e.g. chemotherapy). However, plasma proteomic studies focusing on children represent a very small proportion of the plasma proteomic studies completed to date. Early disease detection and prevention is critical in pediatrics, as children must live with the disease outcomes for many years and often carry negative outcomes into adulthood. Pediatrics represents an area of plasma proteomics that is about to undergo a significant expansion. Areas covered: This review is based on a PubMed search focusing on five keywords that are plasma, biomarkers, pediatric, proteomics, and children. It is a comprehensive summary of plasma proteomic studies specific to the pediatric patient and discusses aspects such as the clinical setting, sample size, methodological approaches and outlines the significance of the findings. Expert commentary: Plasma proteomics is expanding significantly as a result of major advancements in proteomic technology. This is in synergy with the growing focus on true early disease detection and prevention in early life. We are about to see a new era of advanced medical science built from pediatric proteomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conor McCafferty
- a Haematology Research Laboratory, Murdoch Children's Research Institute , Melbourne , Australia
| | - Jessica Chaaban
- a Haematology Research Laboratory, Murdoch Children's Research Institute , Melbourne , Australia
| | - Vera Ignjatovic
- a Haematology Research Laboratory, Murdoch Children's Research Institute , Melbourne , Australia.,b Department of Paediatrics , The University of Melbourne , Melbourne , Australia
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