1
|
Cotter JA, Plaza-Florido A, Adams GR, Haddad F, Scott JM, Everett M, Ploutz-Snyder L, Radom-Aizik S. Exercise Training Attenuates the Muscle Mitochondria Genomic Response to Bed Rest. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2024; 56:1615-1622. [PMID: 38650118 PMCID: PMC11326991 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Exercise training during the National Aeronautics and Space Administration 70-d bed rest study effectively counteracted the decline in aerobic capacity, muscle mass, strength, and endurance. We aimed to characterize the genomic response of the participants' vastus lateralis on day 64 of bed rest with and without exercise countermeasures. METHODS Twenty-two healthy young males were randomized into three groups: 1) bed rest only ( n = 7), 2) bed rest + aerobic (6 d·wk -1 ) and resistance training (3 d·wk -1 ) on standard equipment ( n = 7), and 3) bed rest + aerobic and resistance training using a flywheel device ( n = 8). The vastus lateralis gene and microRNA microarrays were analyzed using GeneSpring GX 14.9.1 (Agilent Technologies, Palo Alto, CA). RESULTS Bed rest significantly altered the expression of 2113 annotated genes in at least one out of the three study groups (fold change (FC) > 1.2; P < 0.05). Interaction analysis revealed that exercise attenuated the bed rest effect of 511 annotated genes (FC = 1.2, P < 0.05). In the bed rest only group, a predominant downregulation of genes was observed, whereas in the two exercise groups, there was a notable attenuation or reversal of this effect, with no significant differences between the two exercise modalities. Enrichment analysis identified functional categories and gene pathways, many of them related to the mitochondria. In addition, bed rest significantly altered the expression of 35 microRNAs (FC > 1.2, P < 0.05) with no difference between the three groups. Twelve are known to regulate some of the mitochondrial-related genes that were altered following bed rest. CONCLUSIONS Mitochondrial gene expression was a significant component of the molecular response to long-term bed rest. Although exercise attenuated the FC in the downregulation of many genes, it did not completely counteract all the molecular consequences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Abel Plaza-Florido
- Pediatric Exercise and Genomics Research Center, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA
| | - Gregory R Adams
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA
| | - Fadia Haddad
- Pediatric Exercise and Genomics Research Center, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA
| | | | - Meghan Everett
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Houston, TX
| | | | - Shlomit Radom-Aizik
- Pediatric Exercise and Genomics Research Center, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
McKendry J, Coletta G, Nunes EA, Lim C, Phillips SM. Mitigating disuse-induced skeletal muscle atrophy in ageing: Resistance exercise as a critical countermeasure. Exp Physiol 2024. [PMID: 39106083 DOI: 10.1113/ep091937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
The gradual deterioration of physiological systems with ageing makes it difficult to maintain skeletal muscle mass (sarcopenia), at least partly due to the presence of 'anabolic resistance', resulting in muscle loss. Sarcopenia can be transiently but markedly accelerated through periods of muscle disuse-induced (i.e., unloading) atrophy due to reduced physical activity, sickness, immobilisation or hospitalisation. Periods of disuse are detrimental to older adults' overall quality of life and substantially increase their risk of falls, physical and social dependence, and early mortality. Disuse events induce skeletal muscle atrophy through various mechanisms, including anabolic resistance, inflammation, disturbed proteostasis and mitochondrial dysfunction, all of which tip the scales in favour of a negative net protein balance and subsequent muscle loss. Concerningly, recovery from disuse atrophy is more difficult for older adults than their younger counterparts. Resistance training (RT) is a potent anabolic stimulus that can robustly stimulate muscle protein synthesis and mitigate muscle losses in older adults when implemented before, during and following unloading. RT may take the form of traditional weightlifting-focused RT, bodyweight training and lower- and higher-load RT. When combined with sufficient dietary protein, RT can accelerate older adults' recovery from a disuse event, mitigate frailty and improve mobility; however, few older adults regularly participate in RT. A feasible and practical approach to improving the accessibility and acceptability of RT is through the use of resistance bands. Moving forward, RT must be prescribed to older adults to mitigate the negative consequences of disuse atrophy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James McKendry
- Exercise Metabolism Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Giulia Coletta
- Exercise Metabolism Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Everson A Nunes
- Exercise Metabolism Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Changhyun Lim
- Exercise Metabolism Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stuart M Phillips
- Exercise Metabolism Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Deane C, Piasecki M, Atherton P. Skeletal muscle immobilisation-induced atrophy: mechanistic insights from human studies. Clin Sci (Lond) 2024; 138:741-756. [PMID: 38895777 PMCID: PMC11186857 DOI: 10.1042/cs20231198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Periods of skeletal muscle disuse lead to rapid declines in muscle mass (atrophy), which is fundamentally underpinned by an imbalance between muscle protein synthesis (MPS) and muscle protein breakdown (MPB). The complex interplay of molecular mechanisms contributing to the altered regulation of muscle protein balance during disuse have been investigated but rarely synthesised in the context of humans. This narrative review discusses human models of muscle disuse and the ensuing inversely exponential rate of muscle atrophy. The molecular processes contributing to altered protein balance are explored, with a particular focus on growth and breakdown signalling pathways, mitochondrial adaptations and neuromuscular dysfunction. Finally, key research gaps within the disuse atrophy literature are highlighted providing future avenues to enhance our mechanistic understanding of human disuse atrophy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Colleen S. Deane
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, U.K
| | - Matthew Piasecki
- Centre of Metabolism, Ageing and Physiology (CoMAP), Medical Research Council/Versus Arthritis UK Centre of Excellence for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research (CMAR), National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), University of Nottingham, U.K
| | - Philip J. Atherton
- Centre of Metabolism, Ageing and Physiology (CoMAP), Medical Research Council/Versus Arthritis UK Centre of Excellence for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research (CMAR), National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), University of Nottingham, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hiam D, Jones P, Pitsiladis Y, Eynon N. Genomics and Biology of Exercise, Where Are We Now? Clin J Sport Med 2023; 33:e112-e114. [PMID: 37656977 DOI: 10.1097/jsm.0000000000001012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Hiam
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; and
| | - Patrice Jones
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Yannis Pitsiladis
- School of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Brighton, Eastbourne, United Kingdom
| | - Nir Eynon
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Argentato PP, Guerra JVDS, Luzia LA, Ramos ES, Maschietto M, Rondó PHDC. Excessive Gestational Weight Gain Alters DNA Methylation and Influences Foetal and Neonatal Body Composition. EPIGENOMES 2023; 7:18. [PMID: 37606455 PMCID: PMC10443290 DOI: 10.3390/epigenomes7030018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Changes in body weight are associated with the regulation of DNA methylation (DNAm). In this study, we investigated the associations between maternal gestational weight gain-related DNAm and foetal and neonatal body composition. METHODS Brazilian pregnant women from the Araraquara Cohort Study were followed up during pregnancy, delivery, and after hospital discharge. Women with normal pre-pregnancy BMI were allocated into two groups: adequate gestational weight gain (AGWG, n = 45) and excessive gestational weight gain (EGWG, n = 30). Foetal and neonatal body composition was evaluated via ultrasound and plethysmography, respectively. DNAm was assessed in maternal blood using Illumina Infinium MethylationEPIC BeadChip arrays. Linear regression models were used to explore the associations between DNAm and foetal and neonatal body composition. RESULTS Maternal weight, GWG, neonatal weight, and fat mass were higher in the EGWG group. Analysis of DNAm identified 46 differentially methylated positions and 11 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) between the EGWG and AGWG groups. Nine human phenotypes were enriched for these 11 DMRs located in 13 genes (EMILIN1, HOXA5, CPT1B, CLDN9, ZFP57, BRCA1, POU5F1, ANKRD33, HLA-B, RANBP17, ZMYND11, DIP2C, TMEM232), highlighting the terms insulin resistance, and hyperglycaemia. Maternal DNAm was associated with foetal total thigh and arm tissues and subcutaneous thigh and arm fat, as well as with neonatal fat mass percentage and fat mass. CONCLUSION The methylation pattern in the EGWG group indicated a risk for developing chronic diseases and involvement of maternal DNAm in foetal lean and fat mass and in neonatal fat mass.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Perla Pizzi Argentato
- Nutrition Department, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Avenida Dr. Arnaldo 715, São Paulo 01246-904, SP, Brazil; (P.P.A.); (L.A.L.)
| | - João Victor da Silva Guerra
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Centre for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM) and Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas, Rua Giuseppe Máximo Scolfaro 10.000, Cidade Universitária, Campinas 13083-970, SP, Brazil;
| | - Liania Alves Luzia
- Nutrition Department, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Avenida Dr. Arnaldo 715, São Paulo 01246-904, SP, Brazil; (P.P.A.); (L.A.L.)
| | - Ester Silveira Ramos
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil;
| | - Mariana Maschietto
- Boldrini Children’s Hospital, University of Campinas, Rua Márcia Mendes 619, Cidade Universitária, Campinas 13083-884, SP, Brazil;
| | - Patrícia Helen de Carvalho Rondó
- Nutrition Department, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Avenida Dr. Arnaldo 715, São Paulo 01246-904, SP, Brazil; (P.P.A.); (L.A.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Vintila AR, Slade L, Cooke M, Willis CRG, Torregrossa R, Rahman M, Anupom T, Vanapalli SA, Gaffney CJ, Gharahdaghi N, Szabo C, Szewczyk NJ, Whiteman M, Etheridge T. Mitochondrial sulfide promotes life span and health span through distinct mechanisms in developing versus adult treated Caenorhabditis elegans. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2216141120. [PMID: 37523525 PMCID: PMC10410709 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2216141120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Living longer without simultaneously extending years spent in good health ("health span") is an increasing societal burden, demanding new therapeutic strategies. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) can correct disease-related mitochondrial metabolic deficiencies, and supraphysiological H2S concentrations can pro health span. However, the efficacy and mechanisms of mitochondrion-targeted sulfide delivery molecules (mtH2S) administered across the adult life course are unknown. Using a Caenorhabditis elegans aging model, we compared untargeted H2S (NaGYY4137, 100 µM and 100 nM) and mtH2S (AP39, 100 nM) donor effects on life span, neuromuscular health span, and mitochondrial integrity. H2S donors were administered from birth or in young/middle-aged animals (day 0, 2, or 4 postadulthood). RNAi pharmacogenetic interventions and transcriptomics/network analysis explored molecular events governing mtH2S donor-mediated health span. Developmentally administered mtH2S (100 nM) improved life/health span vs. equivalent untargeted H2S doses. mtH2S preserved aging mitochondrial structure, content (citrate synthase activity) and neuromuscular strength. Knockdown of H2S metabolism enzymes and FoxO/daf-16 prevented the positive health span effects of mtH2S, whereas DCAF11/wdr-23 - Nrf2/skn-1 oxidative stress protection pathways were dispensable. Health span, but not life span, increased with all adult-onset mtH2S treatments. Adult mtH2S treatment also rejuvenated aging transcriptomes by minimizing expression declines of mitochondria and cytoskeletal components, and peroxisome metabolism hub components, under mechanistic control by the elt-6/elt-3 transcription factor circuit. H2S health span extension likely acts at the mitochondrial level, the mechanisms of which dissociate from life span across adult vs. developmental treatment timings. The small mtH2S doses required for health span extension, combined with efficacy in adult animals, suggest mtH2S is a potential healthy aging therapeutic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Raluca Vintila
- Public Health and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, ExeterEX1 2LU, United Kingdom
| | - Luke Slade
- Public Health and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, ExeterEX1 2LU, United Kingdom
- University of Exeter Medical School, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, ExeterEX1 2LU, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Cooke
- Public Health and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, ExeterEX1 2LU, United Kingdom
- Medical Research Council Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Nottingham Biomedical Research Center, School of Medicine, Royal Derby Hospital, University of Nottingham, DerbyDE22 3DT, United Kingdom
| | - Craig R. G. Willis
- School of Chemistry and Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, BradfordBD7 1DP, United Kingdom
| | - Roberta Torregrossa
- University of Exeter Medical School, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, ExeterEX1 2LU, United Kingdom
| | - Mizanur Rahman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX79409
| | - Taslim Anupom
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX74909
| | - Siva A. Vanapalli
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX79409
| | - Christopher J. Gaffney
- Lancaster University Medical School, Lancaster University, LancasterLA1 4YW, United Kingdom
| | - Nima Gharahdaghi
- University of Exeter Medical School, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, ExeterEX1 2LU, United Kingdom
| | - Csaba Szabo
- Chair of Pharmacology, Section of Medicine, University of Fribourg, FribourgCH-1700, Switzerland
| | - Nathaniel J. Szewczyk
- Medical Research Council Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Nottingham Biomedical Research Center, School of Medicine, Royal Derby Hospital, University of Nottingham, DerbyDE22 3DT, United Kingdom
- Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurologic Institute, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH45701
| | - Matthew Whiteman
- University of Exeter Medical School, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, ExeterEX1 2LU, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy Etheridge
- Public Health and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, ExeterEX1 2LU, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zeng X, Li L, Xia Z, Zou L, Kwok T, Su Y. Transcriptomic Analysis of Human Skeletal Muscle in Response to Aerobic Exercise and Protein Intake. Nutrients 2023; 15:3485. [PMID: 37571423 PMCID: PMC10421363 DOI: 10.3390/nu15153485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to provide a more comprehensive molecular insight into the effects of aerobic exercise (AE), protein intake (PI), and AE combined with PI on human skeletal muscle by comparing their transcriptomic profiles. Fourteen published datasets obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database were used. The hub genes were identified in response to acute AE (ACTB, IL6), training AE (UBB, COL1A1), PI (EZH2), acute AE combined with PI (DDIT3), and training AE combined with PI (MYC). Both FOS and MYC were upregulated in response to acute AE, and they were, respectively, downregulated by higher PI and a combination of AE and PI. COL1A1 was upregulated by training AE but was downregulated by higher PI. Results from the gene set enrichment analysis (p < 0.05 and FDR < 25%) showed that AE and PI delivered their impacts on human skeletal muscle in analogous pathways, including aerobic respiration, mitochondrial complexes, extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, metabolic process, and immune/inflammatory responses, whereas, PI may attenuate the response of immune/inflammation and ECM remodeling which would be promoted by AE, irrespective of its types. Compared to PI alone, acute AE combined with PI would further promote protein turnover and synthesis, but suppress skeletal muscle contraction and movement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xueqing Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, China (Z.X.)
| | - Linghong Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, China (Z.X.)
| | - Zhilin Xia
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, China (Z.X.)
| | - Lianhong Zou
- Hunan Provincial Institute of Emergency Medicine, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital, Changsha 410009, China
| | - Timothy Kwok
- Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yi Su
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, China (Z.X.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Scott A, Willis CR, Muratani M, Higashitani A, Etheridge T, Szewczyk NJ, Deane CS. Caenorhabditis elegans in microgravity: An omics perspective. iScience 2023; 26:107189. [PMID: 37456835 PMCID: PMC10344948 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The application of omics to study Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) in the context of spaceflight is increasing, illuminating the wide-ranging biological impacts of spaceflight on physiology. In this review, we highlight the application of omics, including transcriptomics, genomics, proteomics, multi-omics, and integrated omics in the study of spaceflown C. elegans, and discuss the impact, use, and future direction of this branch of research. We highlight the variety of molecular alterations that occur in response to spaceflight, most notably changes in metabolic and neuromuscular gene regulation. These transcriptional features are reproducible and evident across many spaceflown species (e.g., mice and astronauts), supporting the use of C. elegans as a model organism to study spaceflight physiology with translational capital. Integrating tissue-specific, spatial, and multi-omics approaches, which quantitatively link molecular responses to phenotypic adaptations, will facilitate the identification of candidate regulatory molecules for therapeutic intervention and thus represents the next frontiers in C. elegans space omics research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Scott
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Craig R.G. Willis
- School of Chemistry and Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
| | - Masafumi Muratani
- Transborder Medical Research Center and Department of Genome Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | | | - Timothy Etheridge
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Nathaniel J. Szewczyk
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Colleen S. Deane
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
- Human Development & Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Taylor JA, Greenhaff PL, Bartlett DB, Jackson TA, Duggal NA, Lord JM. Multisystem physiological perspective of human frailty and its modulation by physical activity. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:1137-1191. [PMID: 36239451 PMCID: PMC9886361 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00037.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
"Frailty" is a term used to refer to a state characterized by enhanced vulnerability to, and impaired recovery from, stressors compared with a nonfrail state, which is increasingly viewed as a loss of resilience. With increasing life expectancy and the associated rise in years spent with physical frailty, there is a need to understand the clinical and physiological features of frailty and the factors driving it. We describe the clinical definitions of age-related frailty and their limitations in allowing us to understand the pathogenesis of this prevalent condition. Given that age-related frailty manifests in the form of functional declines such as poor balance, falls, and immobility, as an alternative we view frailty from a physiological viewpoint and describe what is known of the organ-based components of frailty, including adiposity, the brain, and neuromuscular, skeletal muscle, immune, and cardiovascular systems, as individual systems and as components in multisystem dysregulation. By doing so we aim to highlight current understanding of the physiological phenotype of frailty and reveal key knowledge gaps and potential mechanistic drivers of the trajectory to frailty. We also review the studies in humans that have intervened with exercise to reduce frailty. We conclude that more longitudinal and interventional clinical studies are required in older adults. Such observational studies should interrogate the progression from a nonfrail to a frail state, assessing individual elements of frailty to produce a deep physiological phenotype of the syndrome. The findings will identify mechanistic drivers of frailty and allow targeted interventions to diminish frailty progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A Taylor
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Paul L Greenhaff
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom.,NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - David B Bartlett
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina.,Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas A Jackson
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, https://ror.org/03angcq70University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Niharika A Duggal
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, https://ror.org/03angcq70University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Janet M Lord
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, https://ror.org/03angcq70University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Birmingham and University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Bennett JL, Pratt AG, Dodds R, Sayer AA, Isaacs JD. Rheumatoid sarcopenia: loss of skeletal muscle strength and mass in rheumatoid arthritis. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2023; 19:239-251. [PMID: 36801919 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-023-00921-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Sarcopenia, a disorder that involves the generalized loss of skeletal muscle strength and mass, was formally recognized as a disease by its inclusion in the International Classification of Diseases in 2016. Sarcopenia typically affects older people, but younger individuals with chronic disease are also at risk. The risk of sarcopenia is high (with a prevalence of ≥25%) in individuals with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and this rheumatoid sarcopenia is associated with increased likelihood of falls, fractures and physical disability, in addition to the burden of joint inflammation and damage. Chronic inflammation mediated by cytokines such as TNF, IL-6 and IFNγ contributes to aberrant muscle homeostasis (for instance, by exacerbating muscle protein breakdown), and results from transcriptomic studies have identified dysfunction of muscle stem cells and metabolism in RA. Progressive resistance exercise is an effective therapy for rheumatoid sarcopenia but it can be challenging or unsuitable for some individuals. The unmet need for anti-sarcopenia pharmacotherapies is great, both for people with RA and for otherwise healthy older adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua L Bennett
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
- NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
- Musculoskeletal Unit, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
| | - Arthur G Pratt
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Musculoskeletal Unit, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Richard Dodds
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Avan A Sayer
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - John D Isaacs
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Musculoskeletal Unit, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Deane CS, Phillips BE, Willis CRG, Wilkinson DJ, Smith K, Higashitani N, Williams JP, Szewczyk NJ, Atherton PJ, Higashitani A, Etheridge T. Proteomic features of skeletal muscle adaptation to resistance exercise training as a function of age. GeroScience 2022:10.1007/s11357-022-00658-5. [PMID: 36161583 PMCID: PMC10400508 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-022-00658-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance exercise training (RET) can counteract negative features of muscle ageing but older age associates with reduced adaptive capacity to RET. Altered muscle protein networks likely contribute to ageing RET adaptation; therefore, associated proteome-wide responses warrant exploration. We employed quantitative sarcoplasmic proteomics to compare age-related proteome and phosphoproteome responses to RET. Thigh muscle biopsies were collected from eight young (25 ± 1.1 years) and eight older (67.5 ± 2.6 years) adults before and after 20 weeks supervised RET. Muscle sarcoplasmic fractions were pooled for each condition and analysed using Isobaric Tags for Relative and Absolute Quantification (iTRAQ) labelling, tandem mass spectrometry and network-based hub protein identification. Older adults displayed impaired RET-induced adaptations in whole-body lean mass, body fat percentage and thigh lean mass (P > 0.05). iTRAQ identified 73 differentially expressed proteins with age and/or RET. Despite possible proteomic stochasticity, RET improved ageing profiles for mitochondrial function and glucose metabolism (top hub; PYK (pyruvate kinase)) but failed to correct altered ageing expression of cytoskeletal proteins (top hub; YWHAZ (14-3-3 protein zeta/delta)). These ageing RET proteomic profiles were generally unchanged or oppositely regulated post-RET in younger muscle. Similarly, RET corrected expression of 10 phosphoproteins altered in ageing, but these responses were again different vs. younger adults. Older muscle is characterised by RET-induced metabolic protein profiles that, whilst not present in younger muscle, improve untrained age-related proteomic deficits. Combined with impaired cytoskeletal adhesion responses, these results provide a proteomic framework for understanding and optimising ageing muscle RET adaptation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Colleen S Deane
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, St. Luke's Campus, Exeter, EX1 2LU, UK
- Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, UK
- Human Development & Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Bethan E Phillips
- School of Medicine, MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and National Institute for Health Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Derby, UK
| | - Craig R G Willis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- School of Chemistry and Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
| | - Daniel J Wilkinson
- School of Medicine, MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and National Institute for Health Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Derby, UK
| | - Ken Smith
- School of Medicine, MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and National Institute for Health Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Derby, UK
| | - Nahoko Higashitani
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8577, Japan
| | - John P Williams
- School of Medicine, MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and National Institute for Health Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Derby, UK
- University Hospitals Derby & Burton NHS Foundation Trust, Royal Derby Hospital, Derby, UK
| | - Nathaniel J Szewczyk
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Philip J Atherton
- School of Medicine, MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and National Institute for Health Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Derby, UK
| | - Atsushi Higashitani
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Timothy Etheridge
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, St. Luke's Campus, Exeter, EX1 2LU, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Choi Y, Cho J, Kim J, Bae JH, Cho EJ, Chang E, Joa KL, Kim J, Park DH, Kang JH, Kwak HB. Dynapenic-abdominal obesity as an independent risk factor for chronic kidney disease in postmenopausal women: a population-based cohort study. Menopause 2022; 29:1040-1046. [PMID: 36040432 PMCID: PMC9422766 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000002032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Low muscle strength and obesity lead to a higher risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Perimenopause is associated with a natural decline in muscle strength and an increase in visceral adiposity. Dynapenic obesity, which is the coexistence of low muscle strength and obesity, is expected to synergistically increase the prevalence of CKD in postmenopausal women. The aim of this study was to determine combined associations of dynapenia and obesity with CKD in postmenopausal women. METHODS This study used data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2016 to 2019. The study included 4,525 postmenopausal women aged 42 to 80 years that were classified into four groups based on waist circumference (≥85 cm) and hand grip strength (<18 kg): normal, dynapenic, obese, or dynapenic-obese. According to the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes, we defined CKD as an estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min per 1.73 m2. Complex sample logistic regression models were conducted to determine the relationships among coexistence of dynapenia, abdominal obesity, and the risk of CKD. RESULTS Dynapenic-abdominal obese group displayed lower estimated glomerular filtration rate levels than other groups (P < 0.05 for all data). The prevalence rates of CKD were 15.5%, 7.8%, 6.2%, and 2.4% in the dynapenic-abdominal obese, dynapenic, abdominal obese, and normal groups, respectively (P < 0.001). Complex sample logistic regression analyses, after adjusting for age, height, health behaviors, and comorbidities, showed that the odds ratio for CKD with respect to dynapenic-abdominal obesity was 1.82 (95% confidence interval, 1.19-2.79) and to abdominal obesity was 1.54 (95% confidence interval, 1.07-2.22) than in the normal group. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that dynapenic-abdominal obesity, as determined by low handgrip strength and high waist circumference values, was associated with increased risk of CKD in postmenopausal women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Youngju Choi
- From the Institute of Sports and Arts Convergence (ISAC), Inha University, Incheon
| | - Jinkyung Cho
- From the Institute of Sports and Arts Convergence (ISAC), Inha University, Incheon
- Korea Institute of Sports Science, Seoul
| | - Jiyeon Kim
- From the Institute of Sports and Arts Convergence (ISAC), Inha University, Incheon
| | - Jun Hyun Bae
- From the Institute of Sports and Arts Convergence (ISAC), Inha University, Incheon
| | - Eun-Jeong Cho
- From the Institute of Sports and Arts Convergence (ISAC), Inha University, Incheon
- Department of Biomedical Science, Program in Biomedical Science and Engineering, Inha University
| | - Eunwook Chang
- From the Institute of Sports and Arts Convergence (ISAC), Inha University, Incheon
- Department of Kinesiology, College of Arts & Sports, Inha University
| | - Kyung-Lim Joa
- From the Institute of Sports and Arts Convergence (ISAC), Inha University, Incheon
- Department of Physical & Rehabilitation Medicine, College of Medicine, Inha University
| | - Junghoon Kim
- Sports and Exercise Medicine Laboratory, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan
| | - Dong-Ho Park
- From the Institute of Sports and Arts Convergence (ISAC), Inha University, Incheon
- Department of Biomedical Science, Program in Biomedical Science and Engineering, Inha University
- Department of Kinesiology, College of Arts & Sports, Inha University
| | - Ju-Hee Kang
- From the Institute of Sports and Arts Convergence (ISAC), Inha University, Incheon
- Department of Biomedical Science, Program in Biomedical Science and Engineering, Inha University
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Bum Kwak
- From the Institute of Sports and Arts Convergence (ISAC), Inha University, Incheon
- Department of Biomedical Science, Program in Biomedical Science and Engineering, Inha University
- Department of Kinesiology, College of Arts & Sports, Inha University
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
miR-27b-3p Attenuates Muscle Atrophy by Targeting Cbl-b in Skeletal Muscles. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12020191. [PMID: 35204692 PMCID: PMC8961554 DOI: 10.3390/biom12020191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
As it is well known, muscle atrophy is a process in which protein degradation increases and protein synthesis decreases. This process is regulated by a variety of links. Among them, microRNAs play an essential role in this process, which has attracted widespread attention. In this paper, we find that miR-27b-3p and Cbl-b genes are significantly differentially expressed in the induced atrophy model. The dual-luciferase experiment and Western blot analysis confirmed that miR-27b-3p could regulate the expression of Cbl-b. In C2C12-differentiated myotubes, the overexpression of the Cbl-b gene showed that Cbl-b could upregulate the expression of MuRF-1 and Atrogin-1, which are related marker genes of muscle atrophy, at both the mRNA and protein levels, indicating that the Cbl-b gene can specifically affect muscle atrophy. The knockdown of the Cbl-b gene after C2C12-differentiated myotubes induced atrophy treatment can downregulate the expression of muscle-atrophy-related genes, indicating that manual intervention to downregulate the expression of Cbl-b has a certain alleviating effect on muscle atrophy. These data suggest that miR-27b-3p can regulate the expression of the Cbl-b gene and then exert a particular influence on muscle atrophy through the Cbl-b gene.
Collapse
|
14
|
Deane CS, Willis CRG, Phillips BE, Atherton PJ, Harries LW, Ames RM, Szewczyk NJ, Etheridge T. Transcriptomic meta-analysis of disuse muscle atrophy vs. resistance exercise-induced hypertrophy in young and older humans. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2021; 12:629-645. [PMID: 33951310 PMCID: PMC8200445 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skeletal muscle atrophy manifests across numerous diseases; however, the extent of similarities/differences in causal mechanisms between atrophying conditions in unclear. Ageing and disuse represent two of the most prevalent and costly atrophic conditions, with resistance exercise training (RET) being the most effective lifestyle countermeasure. We employed gene-level and network-level meta-analyses to contrast transcriptomic signatures of disuse and RET, plus young and older RET to establish a consensus on the molecular features of, and therapeutic targets against, muscle atrophy in conditions of high socio-economic relevance. METHODS Integrated gene-level and network-level meta-analysis was performed on publicly available microarray data sets generated from young (18-35 years) m. vastus lateralis muscle subjected to disuse (unilateral limb immobilization or bed rest) lasting ≥7 days or RET lasting ≥3 weeks, and resistance-trained older (≥60 years) muscle. RESULTS Disuse and RET displayed predominantly separate transcriptional responses, and transcripts altered across conditions were mostly unidirectional. However, disuse and RET induced directly inverted expression profiles for mitochondrial function and translation regulation genes, with COX4I1, ENDOG, GOT2, MRPL12, and NDUFV2, the central hub components of altered mitochondrial networks, and ZMYND11, a hub gene of altered translation regulation. A substantial number of genes (n = 140) up-regulated post-RET in younger muscle were not similarly up-regulated in older muscle, with young muscle displaying a more pronounced extracellular matrix (ECM) and immune/inflammatory gene expression response. Both young and older muscle exhibited similar RET-induced ubiquitination/RNA processing gene signatures with associated PWP1, PSMB1, and RAF1 hub genes. CONCLUSIONS Despite limited opposing gene profiles, transcriptional signatures of disuse are not simply the converse of RET. Thus, the mechanisms of unloading cannot be derived from studying muscle loading alone and provides a molecular basis for understanding why RET fails to target all transcriptional features of disuse. Loss of RET-induced ECM mechanotransduction and inflammatory profiles might also contribute to suboptimal ageing muscle adaptations to RET. Disuse and age-dependent molecular candidates further establish a framework for understanding and treating disuse/ageing atrophy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Colleen S Deane
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, St. Luke's Campus, Exeter, UK.,Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Craig R G Willis
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, St. Luke's Campus, Exeter, UK
| | - Bethan E Phillips
- MRC-ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and National Institute of Health Research, Biomedical Research Centre, Division of Medical Sciences and Graduate Entry Medicine, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby, UK
| | - Philip J Atherton
- MRC-ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and National Institute of Health Research, Biomedical Research Centre, Division of Medical Sciences and Graduate Entry Medicine, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby, UK
| | - Lorna W Harries
- RNA-Mediated Mechanisms of Disease Group, Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Ryan M Ames
- Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Nathaniel J Szewczyk
- MRC-ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and National Institute of Health Research, Biomedical Research Centre, Division of Medical Sciences and Graduate Entry Medicine, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby, UK.,Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute & Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Timothy Etheridge
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, St. Luke's Campus, Exeter, UK
| |
Collapse
|