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Lu D, Zhang X, Ye H, Wang J, Han D. Milk-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Carrying ssc-let-7 c Alleviate Early Intestinal Inflammation and Regulate Macrophage Polarization via Targeting the PTEN-Mediated PI3K/Akt Pathway. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024. [PMID: 39188059 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c03155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
Milk-derived extracellular vesicles (mEVs) are beneficial to the health of infants. However, the effect of mEVs on early intestinal inflammation is not well established. Herein, weaned colitic mice were used to explore the potential effects and underlying mechanisms of porcine mEVs (pmEVs) on intestinal inflammation during early life. We found that pmEVs administration attenuated early life intestinal inflammation and promoted colonic barrier integrity in mice. The anti-inflammatory effect of pmEVs was achieved by shifting a proinflammatory macrophage (M1) toward an anti-inflammatory macrophage (M2). Moreover, pmEVs can be absorbed by macrophages and reduce proinflammatory polarization (stimulated by LPS) in vitro. Noteworthily, ssc-let-7c was found to be highly expressed in pmEVs that can regulate the polarization of macrophages by targeting the tensin homologue deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN), thereby activating the PI3K/Akt pathway. Collectively, our findings revealed a crucial role of mEVs in early intestinal immunity and its underlying mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Department of Animal Science, Wageningen University& Research, Wageningen 6700 AH, The Netherlands
| | - Xiangyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hao Ye
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Department of Animal Science, Wageningen University& Research, Wageningen 6700 AH, The Netherlands
| | - Junjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Dandan Han
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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2
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Llorente A, Brokāne A, Mlynska A, Puurand M, Sagini K, Folkmane S, Hjorth M, Martin‐Gracia B, Romero S, Skorinkina D, Čampa M, Cešeiko R, Romanchikova N, Kļaviņa A, Käämbre T, Linē A. From sweat to hope: The role of exercise-induced extracellular vesicles in cancer prevention and treatment. J Extracell Vesicles 2024; 13:e12500. [PMID: 39183543 PMCID: PMC11345496 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The benefits of regular physical exercise on cancer prevention, as well as reducing fatigue, treatment side effects and recurrence, and improving quality of life and overall survival of cancer patients, are increasingly recognised. Initial studies showed that the concentration of extracellular vesicles (EVs) increases during physical activity and that EVs carry biologically active cargo. These EVs are released by blood cells, skeletal muscle and other organs involved in exercise, thus suggesting that EVs may mediate tissue crosstalk during exercise. This possibility triggered a great interest in the study of the roles of EVs in systemic adaptation to exercise and in their potential applications in the prevention and treatment of various diseases, including cancer. This review presents studies exploring the concentration and molecular cargo of EVs released during exercise. Furthermore, we discuss putative stimuli that may trigger EV release from various cell types, the biological functions and the impact of exercise-induced EVs on cancer development and progression. Understanding the interplay between exercise, EVs, and cancer biology may offer insights into novel therapeutic strategies and preventive measures for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Llorente
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer ResearchOslo University HospitalOsloNorway
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
- Department for Mechanical, Electronics and Chemical EngineeringOslo Metropolitan UniversityOsloNorway
| | - Agnese Brokāne
- Cancer Biomarker groupLatvian Biomedical Research and Study CentreRigaLatvia
| | - Agata Mlynska
- Laboratory of ImmunologyNational Cancer InstituteVilniusLithuania
- Department of Chemistry and BioengineeringVilnius Gediminas Technical UniversityVilniusLithuania
| | - Marju Puurand
- Laboratory of Chemical BiologyNational Institute of Chemical Physics and BiophysicsTallinnEstonia
| | - Krizia Sagini
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer ResearchOslo University HospitalOsloNorway
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Signe Folkmane
- Cancer Biomarker groupLatvian Biomedical Research and Study CentreRigaLatvia
| | - Marit Hjorth
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical SciencesUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Beatriz Martin‐Gracia
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer ResearchOslo University HospitalOsloNorway
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Silvana Romero
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer ResearchOslo University HospitalOsloNorway
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Diana Skorinkina
- Cancer Biomarker groupLatvian Biomedical Research and Study CentreRigaLatvia
| | - Mārtiņš Čampa
- Latvian Academy of Sport Education, Riga Stradins UniversityRigaLatvia
| | - Rūdolfs Cešeiko
- Latvian Academy of Sport Education, Riga Stradins UniversityRigaLatvia
| | | | - Aija Kļaviņa
- Latvian Academy of Sport Education, Riga Stradins UniversityRigaLatvia
- Department of Health Promotion and RehabilitationLithuanian Sports UniversityKaunasLithuania
| | - Tuuli Käämbre
- Laboratory of Chemical BiologyNational Institute of Chemical Physics and BiophysicsTallinnEstonia
| | - Aija Linē
- Cancer Biomarker groupLatvian Biomedical Research and Study CentreRigaLatvia
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3
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Espejo C, Ezenwa VO. Extracellular vesicles: an emerging tool for wild immunology. DISCOVERY IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 3:kyae011. [PMID: 39005930 PMCID: PMC11244269 DOI: 10.1093/discim/kyae011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
The immune system is crucial for defending organisms against pathogens and maintaining health. Traditionally, research in immunology has relied on laboratory animals to understand how the immune system works. However, there is increasing recognition that wild animals, due to their greater genetic diversity, lifespan, and environmental exposures, have much to contribute to basic and translational immunology. Unfortunately, logistical challenges associated with collecting and storing samples from wildlife, and the lack of commercially available species-specific reagents have hindered the advancement of immunological research on wild species. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived nanoparticles present in all body fluids and tissues of organisms spanning from bacteria to mammals. Human and lab animal studies indicate that EVs are involved in a range of immunological processes, and recent work shows that EVs may play similar roles in diverse wildlife species. Thus, EVs can expand the toolbox available for wild immunology research, helping to overcome some of the challenges associated with this work. In this paper, we explore the potential application of EVs to wild immunology. First, we review current understanding of EV biology across diverse organisms. Next, we discuss key insights into the immune system gained from research on EVs in human and laboratory animal models and highlight emerging evidence from wild species. Finally, we identify research themes in wild immunology that can immediately benefit from the study of EVs and describe practical considerations for using EVs in wildlife research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Espejo
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Vanessa O Ezenwa
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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4
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Papakonstantinou E, Dragoumani K, Mataragka A, Bacopoulou F, Yapijakis C, Balatsos NA, Pissaridi K, Ladikos D, Eftymiadou A, Katsaros G, Gikas E, Hatzis P, Samiotaki M, Aivaliotis M, Megalooikonomou V, Giannakakis A, Iliopoulos C, Bongcam-Rudloff E, Kossida S, Eliopoulos E, Chrousos GP, Vlachakis D. Fingerprinting Breast Milk; insights into Milk Exosomics. EMBNET.JOURNAL 2024; 29:e1048. [PMID: 38845752 PMCID: PMC11155295 DOI: 10.14806/ej.29.0.1048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Breast milk, often referred to as "liquid gold," is a complex biofluid that provides essential nutrients, immune factors, and developmental cues for newborns. Recent advancements in the field of exosome research have shed light on the critical role of exosomes in breast milk. Exosomes are nanosized vesicles that carry bioactive molecules, including proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and miRNAs. These tiny messengers play a vital role in intercellular communication and are now being recognized as key players in infant health and development. This paper explores the emerging field of milk exosomics, emphasizing the potential of exosome fingerprinting to uncover valuable insights into the composition and function of breast milk. By deciphering the exosomal cargo, we can gain a deeper understanding of how breast milk influences neonatal health and may even pave the way for personalized nutrition strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Papakonstantinou
- Laboratory of Genetics, Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health & Precision Medicine, and UNESCO Chair on Adolescent Health Care, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantina Dragoumani
- Laboratory of Genetics, Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Antonia Mataragka
- Laboratory of Genetics, Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Flora Bacopoulou
- University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health & Precision Medicine, and UNESCO Chair on Adolescent Health Care, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Christos Yapijakis
- University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health & Precision Medicine, and UNESCO Chair on Adolescent Health Care, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Aa Balatsos
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, Larissa, Greece
| | | | | | - Aspasia Eftymiadou
- Institute of Technology of Agricultural Products, Hellenic Agricultural Organization "DEMETER", Lykovrisi, Greece
| | - George Katsaros
- Institute of Technology of Agricultural Products, Hellenic Agricultural Organization "DEMETER", Lykovrisi, Greece
| | - Evangelos Gikas
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Pantelis Hatzis
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Biomedical Sciences Research Center Alexander Fleming, Athens, Greece
| | - Martina Samiotaki
- Institute for Bioinnovation, Biomedical Sciences Research Center "Alexander Fleming", Vari, Greece
| | - Michalis Aivaliotis
- Basic and Translational Research Unit, Special Unit for Biomedical Research and Education, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Vasileios Megalooikonomou
- Multidimensional Data Analysis and Knowledge Management Laboratory, Computer Engineering and Informatics Department, School of Engineering, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Antonis Giannakakis
- Laboratory of Gene Expression, Molecular Diagnostics and Modern Therapeutics, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Costas Iliopoulos
- School of Informatics, Faculty of Natural & Mathematical Sciences, King's College London, London, U.K
| | - Erik Bongcam-Rudloff
- Department of Animal Biosciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sofia Kossida
- IMGT, the international ImMunoGenetics information system, Laboratoire d'ImmunoGénétique Moléculaire LIGM, Institut de Génétique Humaine, (IGH), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Montpellier (UM), Montpellier, France
| | - Elias Eliopoulos
- Laboratory of Genetics, Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - George P Chrousos
- University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health & Precision Medicine, and UNESCO Chair on Adolescent Health Care, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Vlachakis
- Laboratory of Genetics, Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health & Precision Medicine, and UNESCO Chair on Adolescent Health Care, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
- School of Informatics, Faculty of Natural & Mathematical Sciences, King's College London, London, U.K
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5
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Oliver C, Mishra VSN, Santoro J, Mukhopadhya A, Buckley F, O'Driscoll L, Giblin L, Brodkorb A. Effect of In Vitro Enzyme Digestion and Bile Treatment on Milk Extracellular Vesicles Stability. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024; 68:e2300620. [PMID: 38708685 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
SCOPE Milk extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanosized particles with potential immune bioactivities. This study examines their fate during in vitro infant gastrointestinal digestion (GI). METHODS AND RESULTS Bovine milk is digested using the in vitro INFOGEST method, adjusted for the infant. To unravel the contribution of digestive enzymes from bile, milk is treated with digestive enzymes, bile, or a combination of both. EVs are collected posttreatment using differential ultracentrifugation. EVs characterization includes electrophoresis, immunoblotting, nanoparticle tracking analysis, and atomic force microscopy. EVs protein markers programmed cell death 6-interacting protein (ALIX), tumor susceptibility gene 101 (TSG101), cluster of differentiation 9 (CD9), and xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) are detected after gastric digestion (G60), but their signal intensity is significantly reduced by intestinal conditions (p < 0.05). Enzyme digestion, compared to bile treatment (I60 + bile), results in a significant reduction of signal intensities for TSG101 and CD9 (p < 0.05). Nanoparticle tracking analysis shows a significant reduction (p < 0.05) of EV numbers at the end of the intestinal phase. EVs are detected by atomic force microscopy at the end of the intestinal phase, showing that intact EVs can survive upper gut digestion. CONCLUSION Intact EVs can be found at the end of the intestinal phase. However, digestive enzymes and bile reduce the quantity and characteristics of EVs, with digestive enzymes playing a larger role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Oliver
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, P61C996, Ireland
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences & Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Vinay S N Mishra
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, P61C996, Ireland
| | - Jessie Santoro
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences & Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Anindya Mukhopadhya
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences & Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Frank Buckley
- Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, P61 P302, Ireland
| | - Lorraine O'Driscoll
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences & Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Linda Giblin
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, P61C996, Ireland
| | - André Brodkorb
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, P61C996, Ireland
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6
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Dai C, Xu Q, Li L, Liu Y, Qu S. Milk Extracellular Vesicles: Natural Nanoparticles for Enhancing Oral Drug Delivery against Bacterial Infections. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024; 10:1988-2000. [PMID: 38529792 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c01824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Oral drug delivery is typically preferred as a therapeutic intervention due to the complexities and expenses associated with intravenous administration. However, some drugs are poorly absorbed orally, requiring intravenous administration to bypass the gastrointestinal tract and deliver the drug directly into the bloodstream. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop novel drug delivery platforms to overcome the challenges of oral drug delivery with low solubility, low permeability, oral degradation, and low bioavailability. Advances in extracellular vesicles (EVs) as natural carriers have provided emerging approaches to improve potential therapeutic applications. Milk not only contains traditional nutrients but is also rich in EVs. In this Review, we focus mainly on the purification of milk EVs (mEVs), their safety, and the advantages of mEV-based drug carriers in combatting intestinal infections. Additionally, we summarize several advantages of mEVs over conventional synthetic carriers, such as low immunogenicity, high biocompatibility, and the ability to transfer bioactive molecules between cells. Considering the unmet gaps of mEVs in clinical translation, it is essential to review the cargo loading into mEVs and future perspectives for their use as natural drug carriers for oral delivery. This overview of mEV-based drug carriers for oral delivery sheds light on alternative approaches to treat clinical infections associated with intestinal pathogens and the development of novel oral delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cunchun Dai
- Animal-Derived Food Safety Innovation Team, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Qingjun Xu
- Animal-Derived Food Safety Innovation Team, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Lin Li
- Animal-Derived Food Safety Innovation Team, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Shaoqi Qu
- Animal-Derived Food Safety Innovation Team, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
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7
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Yung C, Zhang Y, Kuhn M, Armstrong RJ, Olyaei A, Aloia M, Scottoline B, Andres SF. Neonatal enteroids absorb extracellular vesicles from human milk-fed infant digestive fluid. J Extracell Vesicles 2024; 13:e12422. [PMID: 38602306 PMCID: PMC11007820 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Human milk contains extracellular vesicles (HMEVs). Pre-clinical models suggest that HMEVs may enhance intestinal function and limit inflammation; however, it is unknown if HMEVs or their cargo survive neonatal human digestion. This limits the ability to leverage HMEV cargo as additives to infant nutrition or as therapeutics. This study aimed to develop an EV isolation pipeline from small volumes of human milk and neonatal intestinal contents after milk feeding (digesta) to address the hypothesis that HMEVs survive in vivo neonatal digestion to be taken up intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). Digesta was collected from nasoduodenal sampling tubes or ostomies. EVs were isolated from raw and pasteurized human milk and digesta by density-gradient ultracentrifugation following two-step skimming, acid precipitation of caseins, and multi-step filtration. EVs were validated by electron microscopy, western blotting, nanoparticle tracking analysis, resistive pulse sensing, and super-resolution microscopy. EV uptake was tested in human neonatal enteroids. HMEVs and digesta EVs (dEVs) show typical EV morphology and are enriched in CD81 and CD9, but depleted of β-casein and lactalbumin. HMEV and some dEV fractions contain mammary gland-derived protein BTN1A1. Neonatal human enteroids rapidly take up dEVs in part via clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Our data suggest that EVs can be isolated from digestive fluid and that these dEVs can be absorbed by IECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Yung
- Department of PediatricsPediatric GI Division, School of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science UniversityPortlandOregonUSA
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of PediatricsPediatric GI Division, School of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science UniversityPortlandOregonUSA
| | - Madeline Kuhn
- Department of PediatricsPediatric GI Division, School of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science UniversityPortlandOregonUSA
| | - Randall J. Armstrong
- Knight Cancer InstituteOregon Health and Science UniversityPortlandOregonUSA
- Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research (CEDAR)Oregon Health and Science UniversityPortlandOregonUSA
| | - Amy Olyaei
- Division of Neonatology, Department of PediatricsOregon Health and Science UniversityPortlandOregonUSA
| | - Molly Aloia
- Division of Neonatology, Department of PediatricsOregon Health and Science UniversityPortlandOregonUSA
| | - Brian Scottoline
- Department of PediatricsPediatric GI Division, School of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science UniversityPortlandOregonUSA
- Division of Neonatology, Department of PediatricsOregon Health and Science UniversityPortlandOregonUSA
| | - Sarah F. Andres
- Department of PediatricsPediatric GI Division, School of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science UniversityPortlandOregonUSA
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8
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Du S, Zhou X, Zheng B. Beyond Traditional Medicine: EVs-Loaded Hydrogels as a Game Changer in Disease Therapeutics. Gels 2024; 10:162. [PMID: 38534580 DOI: 10.3390/gels10030162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), especially exosomes, have shown great therapeutic potential in the treatment of diseases, as they can target cells or tissues. However, the therapeutic effect of EVs is limited due to the susceptibility of EVs to immune system clearance during transport in vivo. Hydrogels have become an ideal delivery platform for EVs due to their good biocompatibility and porous structure. This article reviews the preparation and application of EVs-loaded hydrogels as a cell-free therapy strategy in the treatment of diseases. The article also discusses the challenges and future outlook of EVs-loaded hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shutong Du
- Institute for Cell Analysis, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518132, China
| | - Xiaohu Zhou
- Institute for Cell Analysis, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518132, China
| | - Bo Zheng
- Institute for Cell Analysis, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518132, China
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9
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Lu D, Liu Y, Kang L, Zhang X, Hu J, Ye H, Huang B, Wu Y, Zhao J, Dai Z, Wang J, Han D. Maternal fiber-rich diet promotes early-life intestinal development in offspring through milk-derived extracellular vesicles carrying miR-146a-5p. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:65. [PMID: 38365722 PMCID: PMC10870446 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02344-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS The intestinal development in early life is profoundly influenced by multiple biological components of breast milk, in which milk-derived extracellular vesicles (mEVs) contain a large amount of vertically transmitted signal from the mother. However, little is known about how maternal fiber-rich diet regulates offspring intestinal development by influencing the mEVs. RESULTS In this study, we found that maternal resistant starch (RS) consumption during late gestation and lactation improved the growth and intestinal health of offspring. The mEVs in breast milk are the primary factor driving these beneficial effects, especially enhancing intestinal cell proliferation and migration. To be specific, administration of mEVs after maternal RS intake enhanced intestinal cell proliferation and migration in vivo (performed in mice model and indicated by intestinal histological observation, EdU assay, and the quantification of cyclin proteins) and in vitro (indicated by CCK8, MTT, EdU, and wound healing experiments). Noteworthily, miR-146a-5p was found to be highly expressed in the mEVs from maternal RS group, which also promotes intestinal cell proliferation in cells and mice models. Mechanically, miR-146a-5p target to silence the expression of ubiquitin ligase 3 gene NEDD4L, thereby inhibiting DVL2 ubiquitination, activating the Wnt pathway, and promoting intestinal development. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrated the beneficial role of mEVs in the connection between maternal fiber rich diet and offspring intestinal growth. In addition, we identified a novel miRNA-146a-5p-NEDD4L-β-catenin/Wnt signaling axis in regulating early intestinal development. This work provided a new perspective for studying the influence of maternal diet on offspring development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, 6700 AH, The Netherlands
| | - Yisi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Luyuan Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiangyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jie Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Hao Ye
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, 6700 AH, The Netherlands
| | - Bingxu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yujun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jinbiao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhaolai Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Junjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Dandan Han
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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10
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Yung C, Zhang Y, Kuhn M, Armstrong RJ, Olyaei A, Aloia M, Scottoline B, Andres SF. Neonatal enteroids absorb extracellular vesicles from human milk-fed infant digestive fluid. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.09.03.556067. [PMID: 38187651 PMCID: PMC10769189 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.03.556067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Human milk contains extracellular vesicles (HMEVs). Pre-clinical models suggest that HMEVs may enhance intestinal function and limit inflammation; however, it is unknown if HMEVs or their cargo survive neonatal human digestion. This limits the ability to leverage HMEV cargo as additives to infant nutrition or as therapeutics. This study aimed to develop an EV isolation pipeline from small volumes of human milk and neonatal intestinal contents after milk feeding (digesta) to address the hypothesis that HMEVs survive in vivo neonatal digestion to be taken up intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). Digesta was collected from nasoduodenal sampling tubes or ostomies. EVs were isolated from raw and pasteurized human milk and digesta by density-gradient ultracentrifugation following two-step skimming, acid precipitation of caseins, and multi-step filtration. EVs were validated by electron microscopy, western blotting, nanoparticle tracking analysis, resistive pulse sensing, and super-resolution microscopy. EV uptake was tested in human neonatal enteroids. HMEVs and digesta EVs (dEVs) show typical EV morphology and are enriched in CD81 and CD9, but depleted of β-casein and lactalbumin. HMEV and some dEV fractions contain mammary gland-derived protein BTN1A1. Neonatal human enteroids rapidly take up dEVs in part via clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Our data suggest that EVs can be isolated from digestive fluid and that these dEVs can be absorbed by IECs.
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11
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Vahkal B, Altosaar I, Tremblay E, Gagné D, Hüttman N, Minic Z, Côté M, Blais A, Beaulieu J, Ferretti E. Gestational age at birth influences protein and RNA content in human milk extracellular vesicles. JOURNAL OF EXTRACELLULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 3:e128. [PMID: 38938674 PMCID: PMC11080785 DOI: 10.1002/jex2.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Human milk extracellular vesicles (HM EVs) are proposed to protect against disease development in infants. This protection could in part be facilitated by the bioactive EV cargo of proteins and RNA. Notably, mothers birth infants of different gestational ages with unique needs, wherein the EV cargo of HM may diverge. We collected HM from lactating mothers within two weeks of a term or preterm birth. Following purification of EVs, proteins and mRNA were extracted for proteomics and sequencing analyses, respectively. Over 2000 protein groups were identified, and over 8000 genes were quantified. The total number of proteins and mRNA did not differ significantly between the two conditions, while functional bioinformatics of differentially expressed cargo indicated enrichment in immunoregulatory cargo for preterm HM EVs. In term HM EVs, significantly upregulated cargo was enriched in metabolism-related functions. Based on gene expression signatures from HM-contained single cell sequencing data, we proposed that a larger portion of preterm HM EVs are secreted by immune cells, whereas term HM EVs contain more signatures of lactocyte epithelial cells. Proposed differences in EV cargo could indicate variation in mother's milk based on infants' gestational age and provide basis for further functional characterisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett Vahkal
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of OttawaOttawaCanada
- uOttawa Centre for Infection, Immunity, and InflammationOttawaCanada
- Ottawa Institute of Systems BiologyOttawaCanada
| | - Illimar Altosaar
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of OttawaOttawaCanada
| | - Eric Tremblay
- Department of Immunology and Cell BiologyUniversité de SherbrookeSherbrookeCanada
| | - David Gagné
- Department of Immunology and Cell BiologyUniversité de SherbrookeSherbrookeCanada
| | - Nico Hüttman
- Faculty of Science, John L. Holmes Mass Spectrometry FacilityUniversity of OttawaOttawaCanada
| | - Zoran Minic
- Faculty of Science, John L. Holmes Mass Spectrometry FacilityUniversity of OttawaOttawaCanada
| | - Marceline Côté
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of OttawaOttawaCanada
- uOttawa Centre for Infection, Immunity, and InflammationOttawaCanada
- Ottawa Institute of Systems BiologyOttawaCanada
| | - Alexandre Blais
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of OttawaOttawaCanada
- uOttawa Centre for Infection, Immunity, and InflammationOttawaCanada
- Ottawa Institute of Systems BiologyOttawaCanada
- Brain and Mind InstituteUniversity of OttawaOttawaCanada
- Éric Poulin Centre for Neuromuscular DiseaseOttawaCanada
| | | | - Emanuela Ferretti
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of NeonatologyChildren's Hospital of Eastern OntarioOttawaCanada
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12
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Gómez-Ferrer M, Amaro-Prellezo E, Albiach-Delgado A, Ten-Domenech I, Kuligowski J, Sepúlveda P. Identification of omega-3 oxylipins in human milk-derived extracellular vesicles with pro-resolutive actions in gastrointestinal inflammation. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1293737. [PMID: 38054009 PMCID: PMC10694275 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1293737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Premature infants (PIs) are at risk of suffering necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), and infants consuming human milk (HM) show a lower incidence than infants receiving formula. The composition of HM has been studied in depth, but the lipid content of HM-derived small extracellular vesicles (HM sEVs) remains unexplored. Identifying these molecules and their biological effects has potential for the treatment of intestinal disorders in PIs and could contribute to the development of HM-based fortified formulas. Methods We isolated HM sEVs from HM samples and analyzed their oxylipin content using liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry, which revealed the presence of anti-inflammatory oxylipins. We then examined the efficacy of a mixture of these oxylipins in combating inflammation and fibrosis, in vitro and in a murine model of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Results HM-related sEVs contained higher concentrations of oxylipins derived from docosahexaenoic acid, an omega-3 fatty acid. Three anti-inflammatory oxylipins, 14-HDHA, 17-HDHA, and 19,20-DiHDPA (ω3 OXLP), demonstrated similar efficacy to HM sEVs in preventing cell injury, inducing re-epithelialization, mitigating fibrosis, and modulating immune responses. Both ω3 OXLP and HM sEVs effectively reduced inflammation in IBD-model mice, preventing colon shortening, infiltration of inflammatory cells and tissue fibrosis. Discussion Incorporating this unique cocktail of oxylipins into fortified milk formulas might reduce the risk of NEC in PIs and also provide immunological and neurodevelopmental support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Gómez-Ferrer
- Regenerative Medicine and Heart Transplantation Unit, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Elena Amaro-Prellezo
- Regenerative Medicine and Heart Transplantation Unit, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Abel Albiach-Delgado
- Neonatal Research Group, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Isabel Ten-Domenech
- Neonatal Research Group, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Julia Kuligowski
- Neonatal Research Group, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Pilar Sepúlveda
- Regenerative Medicine and Heart Transplantation Unit, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
- Cardiology Service, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pathology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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13
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Ridolfi A, Cardellini J, Gashi F, van Herwijnen MJC, Trulsson M, Campos-Terán J, H M Wauben M, Berti D, Nylander T, Stenhammar J. Electrostatic interactions control the adsorption of extracellular vesicles onto supported lipid bilayers. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 650:883-891. [PMID: 37450977 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Communication between cells located in different parts of an organism is often mediated by membrane-enveloped nanoparticles, such as extracellular vesicles (EVs). EV binding and cell uptake mechanisms depend on the heterogeneous composition of the EV membrane. From a colloidal perspective, the EV membrane interacts with other biological interfaces via both specific and non-specific interactions, where the latter include long-ranged electrostatic and van der Waals forces, and short-ranged repulsive "steric-hydration" forces. While electrostatic forces are generally exploited in most EV immobilization protocols, the roles played by various colloidal forces in controlling EV adsorption on surfaces have not yet been thoroughly addressed. In the present work, we study the adsorption of EVs onto supported lipid bilayers (SLBs) carrying different surface charge densities using a combination of quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). We demonstrate that EV adsorption onto lipid membranes can be controlled by varying the strength of electrostatic forces and we theoretically describe the observed phenomena within the framework of nonlinear Poisson-Boltzmann theory. Our modelling results confirm the experimental observations and highlight the crucial role played by attractive electrostatics in EV adsorption onto lipid membranes. They furthermore show that simplified theories developed for model lipid systems can be successfully applied to the study of their biological analogues and provide new fundamental insights into EV-membrane interactions with potential use in developing novel EV separation and immobilization strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ridolfi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and LaserLaB Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
| | - Jacopo Cardellini
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Florence, Italy; CSGI, Consorzio Sistemi a Grande Interfase, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Fatlinda Gashi
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Martijn J C van Herwijnen
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Martin Trulsson
- Division of Computational Chemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - José Campos-Terán
- Departamento de Procesos y Tecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Cuajimalpa, México City, Mexico; LINXS - Institute of Advanced Neutron and X-ray Science, Lund, Sweden
| | - Marca H M Wauben
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Debora Berti
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Florence, Italy; CSGI, Consorzio Sistemi a Grande Interfase, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Tommy Nylander
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; LINXS - Institute of Advanced Neutron and X-ray Science, Lund, Sweden; NanoLund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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14
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van Maanen JC, Bach FC, Braun TS, Giovanazzi A, van Balkom BW, Templin M, Wauben MH, Tryfonidou MA. A Combined Western and Bead-Based Multiplex Platform to Characterize Extracellular Vesicles. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2023; 29:493-504. [PMID: 37470213 PMCID: PMC10654656 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2023.0056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In regenerative medicine, extracellular vesicles (EVs) are considered as a promising cell-free approach. EVs are lipid bilayer-enclosed vesicles secreted by cells and are key players in intercellular communication. EV-based therapeutic approaches have unique advantages over the use of cell-based therapies, such as a high biological, but low immunogenic and tumorigenic potential. To analyze the purity and biochemical composition of EV preparations, the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV) has prepared guidelines recommending the analysis of multiple (EV) markers, as well as proteins coisolated/recovered with EVs. Traditional methods for EV characterization, such as Western blotting, require a relatively high EV sample/protein input for the analysis of one protein. We here evaluate a combined Western and bead-based multiplex platform, called DigiWest, for its ability to detect simultaneously multiple EV markers in an EV-containing sample with inherent low protein input. DigiWest analysis was performed on EVs from various sources and species, including mesenchymal stromal cells, notochordal cells, and milk, from human, pig, and dog. The study established a panel of nine antibodies that can be used as cross-species for the detection of general EV markers and coisolates in accordance with the ISEV guidelines. This optimized panel facilitates the parallel evaluation of EV-containing samples, allowing for a comprehensive characterization and assessment of their purity. The total protein input for marker analysis with DigiWest was 1 μg for all nine antibodies, compared with ∼10 μg protein input required for traditional Western blotting for one antibody. These findings demonstrate the potential of the DigiWest technique for characterizing various types of EVs in the regenerative medicine field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josette C. van Maanen
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Frances C. Bach
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Theresa S. Braun
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Alberta Giovanazzi
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Bas W.M. van Balkom
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Markus Templin
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
- NMI TT Pharmaservices, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marca H.M. Wauben
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Marianna A. Tryfonidou
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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15
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Lozano‐Andrés E, Enciso‐Martinez A, Gijsbers A, Ridolfi A, Van Niel G, Libregts SFWM, Pinheiro C, van Herwijnen MJC, Hendrix A, Brucale M, Valle F, Peters PJ, Otto C, Arkesteijn GJA, Wauben MHM. Physical association of low density lipoprotein particles and extracellular vesicles unveiled by single particle analysis. J Extracell Vesicles 2023; 12:e12376. [PMID: 37942918 PMCID: PMC10634195 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) in blood plasma are recognized as potential biomarkers for disease. Although blood plasma is easily obtainable, analysis of EVs at the single particle level is still challenging due to the biological complexity of this body fluid. Besides EVs, plasma contains different types of lipoproteins particles (LPPs), that outnumber EVs by orders of magnitude and which partially overlap in biophysical properties such as size, density and molecular makeup. Consequently, during EV isolation LPPs are often co-isolated. Furthermore, physical EV-LPP complexes have been observed in purified EV preparations. Since co-isolation or association of LPPs can impact EV-based analysis and biomarker profiling, we investigated the presence and formation of EV-LPP complexes in biological samples by using label-free atomic force microscopy, cryo-electron tomography and synchronous Rayleigh and Raman scattering analysis of optically trapped particles and fluorescence-based high sensitivity single particle flow cytometry. Furthermore, we evaluated the impact on flow cytometric analysis in the presence of LPPs using in vitro spike-in experiments of purified tumour cell line-derived EVs in different classes of purified human LPPs. Based on orthogonal single-particle analysis techniques we demonstrate that EV-LPP complexes can form under physiological conditions. Furthermore, we show that in fluorescence-based flow cytometric EV analysis staining of LPPs, as well as EV-LPP associations, can influence quantitative and qualitative EV analysis. Lastly, we demonstrate that the colloidal matrix of the biofluid in which EVs reside impacts their buoyant density, size and/or refractive index (RI), which may have consequences for down-stream EV analysis and EV biomarker profiling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefanía Lozano‐Andrés
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Agustin Enciso‐Martinez
- Department of Cell and Chemical BiologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
- Medical Cell Biophysics GroupUniversity of TwenteEnschedeThe Netherlands
| | - Abril Gijsbers
- Maastricht Multimodal Molecular Imaging Institute, Division of NanoscopyMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Andrea Ridolfi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and LaserLaB AmsterdamVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Guillaume Van Niel
- Institute for Psychiatry and Neuroscience of ParisHopital Saint‐Anne, Université DescartesParisFrance
| | - Sten F. W. M. Libregts
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Cláudio Pinheiro
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer ResearchDepartment of Human Structure and Repair Ghent UniversityGhentBelgium
- Cancer Research Institute GhentGhentBelgium
| | - Martijn J. C. van Herwijnen
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - An Hendrix
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer ResearchDepartment of Human Structure and Repair Ghent UniversityGhentBelgium
- Cancer Research Institute GhentGhentBelgium
| | - Marco Brucale
- Institute for the Study of Nanostructured Materials (ISMN)Italian National Research Council (CNR)BolognaItaly
| | - Francesco Valle
- Institute for the Study of Nanostructured Materials (ISMN)Italian National Research Council (CNR)BolognaItaly
| | - Peter J. Peters
- Maastricht Multimodal Molecular Imaging Institute, Division of NanoscopyMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Cees Otto
- Medical Cell Biophysics GroupUniversity of TwenteEnschedeThe Netherlands
| | - Ger J. A. Arkesteijn
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Marca H. M. Wauben
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
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16
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Samuel M, Sanwlani R, Pathan M, Anand S, Johnston EL, Ang CS, Kaparakis-Liaskos M, Mathivanan S. Isolation and Characterization of Cow-, Buffalo-, Sheep- and Goat-Milk-Derived Extracellular Vesicles. Cells 2023; 12:2491. [PMID: 37887335 PMCID: PMC10605021 DOI: 10.3390/cells12202491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Milk is a complex biological fluid that has high-quality proteins including growth factors and also contains extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs are a lipid bilayer containing vesicles that contain proteins, metabolites and nucleic acids. Several studies have proposed that EVs in cow milk can survive the gut and can illicit cross-species communication in the consuming host organism. In this study, we isolated and characterized extracellular vesicles from the raw milk of the four species of the Bovidae family, namely cow, sheep, goat and buffalo, that contribute 99% of the total milk consumed globally. A comparative proteomic analysis of these vesicles was performed to pinpoint their potential functional role in health and disease. Vesicles sourced from buffalo and cow milk were particularly enriched with proteins implicated in modulating the immune system. Furthermore, functional studies were performed to determine the anti-cancer effects of these vesicles. The data obtained revealed that buffalo-milk-derived EVs induced significantly higher cell death in colon cancer cells. Overall, the results from this study highlight the potent immunoregulatory and anti-cancer nature of EVs derived from the milk of Bovidae family members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monisha Samuel
- Department of Biochemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia (R.S.); (S.A.)
- Research Centre for Extracellular Vesicles, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Rahul Sanwlani
- Department of Biochemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia (R.S.); (S.A.)
- Research Centre for Extracellular Vesicles, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Mohashin Pathan
- Department of Biochemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia (R.S.); (S.A.)
- Research Centre for Extracellular Vesicles, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Sushma Anand
- Department of Biochemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia (R.S.); (S.A.)
- Research Centre for Extracellular Vesicles, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Ella L. Johnston
- Research Centre for Extracellular Vesicles, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Ching-Seng Ang
- Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Victoria, VIC 2010, Australia
| | - Maria Kaparakis-Liaskos
- Research Centre for Extracellular Vesicles, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Suresh Mathivanan
- Department of Biochemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia (R.S.); (S.A.)
- Research Centre for Extracellular Vesicles, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
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17
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Turner NP, Abeysinghe P, Sadowski P, Mitchell MD. Omics Analysis of Extracellular Vesicles Recovered from Infant Formula Products and Milk: Towards Personalized Infant Nutrition. Mol Nutr Food Res 2023; 67:e2300404. [PMID: 37562982 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Milk and milk products such as infant formula (IF) play a fundamental role in serving the nutritional needs of the developing infant. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) in human (HM) and cow milk (CM) contain molecular cargo such as proteins and micro(mi)RNAs that serve as functional messengers between cells and may be of importance to infant health. Most IF is derived from a CM protein base, however differences between HM and CM EV molecular cargo have not been extensively studied. METHODS AND RESULTS This study develops a pipeline using advanced proteomics and transcriptomics to enable cross-species comparison of milk and IF EVs. The number of nanoparticles per mL of IF is significantly reduced compared to unprocessed CM. 130 proteins and 514 miRNAs are differentially abundant between HM and CM EVs. While 90% of CM EV miRNAs are also identified in IF EVs, only 20% of CM EV proteins are identified in IF EVs. CONCLUSIONS This workflow identifies key species-specific differences that can be used to optimize IF recipes and enhance infant nutrition. Improved preservation of EV functional molecular cargo in IF products is of critical importance to retaining molecular drivers of good health and should be the focus of future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie P Turner
- Centre for Children's Health Research (CCHR), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 62 Graham Street, South Brisbane, QLD, 4101, Australia
| | - Pevindu Abeysinghe
- Centre for Children's Health Research (CCHR), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 62 Graham Street, South Brisbane, QLD, 4101, Australia
| | - Pawel Sadowski
- Central Analytical Research Facility (CARF), QUT, Gardens Point Campus, 2 George Street, Brisbane City, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Murray D Mitchell
- Centre for Children's Health Research (CCHR), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 62 Graham Street, South Brisbane, QLD, 4101, Australia
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18
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Roerig J, Schulz-Siegmund M. Standardization Approaches for Extracellular Vesicle Loading with Oligonucleotides and Biologics. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2301763. [PMID: 37287374 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202301763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are widely recognized for their potential as drug delivery systems. EVs are membranous nanoparticles shed from cells. Among their natural features are their ability to shield cargo molecules against degradation and enable their functional internalization into target cells. Especially biological or bio-inspired large molecules (LMs), like nucleic acids, proteins, peptides, and others, may profit from encapsulation in EVs for drug delivery purposes. In the last years, a variety of loading protocols are explored for different LMs. The lack of standardization in the EV drug delivery field has impeded their comparability so far. Currently, the first reporting frameworks and workflows for EV drug loading are proposed. The aim of this review is to summarize these evolving standardization approaches and set recently developed methods into context. This will allow for enhanced comparability of future work on EV drug loading with LMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josepha Roerig
- Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, 04317, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michaela Schulz-Siegmund
- Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, 04317, Leipzig, Germany
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19
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Sanwlani R, Kang T, Gummadi S, Nedeva C, Ang CS, Mathivanan S. Bovine milk-derived extracellular vesicles enhance doxorubicin sensitivity in triple negative breast cancer cells by targeting metabolism and STAT signalling. Proteomics 2023; 23:e2200482. [PMID: 37376799 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202200482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has a low 5-year survival rate of below 30% with systemic chemotherapy being the most widely used treatment. Bovine milk-derived extracellular vesicles (MEVs) have been previously demonstrated to have anti-cancer attributes. In this study, we isolated bovine MEVs from commercial milk and characterised them according to MISEV guidelines. Bovine MEVs sensitised TNBC cells to doxorubicin, resulting in reduced metabolic potential and cell-viability. Label-free quantitative proteomics of cells treated with MEVs and/or doxorubicin suggested that combinatorial treatment depleted various pro-tumorigenic interferon-inducible gene products and proteins with metabolic function, previously identified as therapeutic targets in TNBC. Combinatorial treatment also led to reduced abundance of various STAT proteins and their downstream oncogenic targets with roles in cell-cycle and apoptosis. Taken together, this study highlights the ability of bovine MEVs to sensitise TNBC cells to standard-of-care therapeutic drug doxorubicin, paving the way for novel treatment regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Sanwlani
- Department of Biochemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Taeyoung Kang
- Department of Biochemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sriram Gummadi
- Department of Biochemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christina Nedeva
- Department of Biochemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ching-Seng Ang
- The Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Suresh Mathivanan
- Department of Biochemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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20
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Li S, Xu K, Cheng Y, Chen L, Yi A, Xiao Z, Zhao X, Chen M, Tian Y, Meng W, Tang Z, Zhou S, Ruan G, Wei Y. The role of complex interactions between the intestinal flora and host in regulating intestinal homeostasis and inflammatory bowel disease. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1188455. [PMID: 37389342 PMCID: PMC10303177 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1188455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pharmacological treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is inefficient and difficult to discontinue appropriately, and enterobacterial interactions are expected to provide a new target for the treatment of IBD. We collected recent studies on the enterobacterial interactions among the host, enterobacteria, and their metabolite products and discuss potential therapeutic options. Intestinal flora interactions in IBD are affected in the reduced bacterial diversity, impact the immune system and are influenced by multiple factors such as host genetics and diet. Enterobacterial metabolites such as SCFAs, bile acids, and tryptophan also play important roles in enterobacterial interactions, especially in the progression of IBD. Therapeutically, a wide range of sources of probiotics and prebiotics exhibit potential therapeutic benefit in IBD through enterobacterial interactions, and some have gained wide recognition as adjuvant drugs. Different dietary patterns and foods, especially functional foods, are novel therapeutic modalities that distinguish pro-and prebiotics from traditional medications. Combined studies with food science may significantly improve the therapeutic experience of patients with IBD. In this review, we provide a brief overview of the role of enterobacteria and their metabolites in enterobacterial interactions, discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the potential therapeutic options derived from such metabolites, and postulate directions for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Digestive Malignancies, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Basic Medicine College of Army Medical University, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kan Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Digestive Malignancies, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Basic Medicine College of Army Medical University, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Cheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Digestive Malignancies, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Digestive Malignancies, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Ailin Yi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Digestive Malignancies, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Zhifeng Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Digestive Malignancies, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xuefei Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Digestive Malignancies, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Minjia Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Digestive Malignancies, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yuting Tian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Digestive Malignancies, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Meng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Digestive Malignancies, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Zongyuan Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Digestive Malignancies, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Shuhong Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Animal Center, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Guangcong Ruan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Digestive Malignancies, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yanling Wei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Digestive Malignancies, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
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21
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Chen L, Ou Q, Kou X. Extracellular vesicles and their indispensable roles in pathogenesis and treatment of inflammatory bowel disease: A comprehensive review. Life Sci 2023; 327:121830. [PMID: 37286163 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a global disease with rising incidence worldwide, and its debilitating symptoms and dissatisfactory therapies have brought heavy burdens for patients. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), a heterogeneous population of lipid bilayer membranes containing abundant bioactive molecules, have been indicated to play important roles in the pathogenesis and treatment of many diseases. However, to our knowledge, comprehensive reviews summarizing the various roles of diverse source-derived EVs in the pathogenesis and treatment of IBD are still lacking. This review, not only summarizes the EV characteristics, but also focuses on the multiple roles of diverse EVs in IBD pathogenesis and their treatment potential. In addition, hoping to push forward the research frontiers, we point out several challenges that the researchers are faced, about EVs in current IBD research and future therapeutic applications. We also put forward our prospects on future exploration regarding EVs in IBD treatment, including developing IBD vaccines and paying more attention on apoptotic vesicles. This review is aimed to enrich the knowledge on the indispensable roles of EVs in IBD pathogenesis and treatment, providing ideas and reference for future therapeutic strategy for IBD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linling Chen
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, South China Center of Craniofacial Stem Cell Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, 510055 Guangzhou, China
| | - Qianmin Ou
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, South China Center of Craniofacial Stem Cell Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, 510055 Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxing Kou
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, South China Center of Craniofacial Stem Cell Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, 510055 Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, China.
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22
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Giovanazzi A, van Herwijnen MJC, Kleinjan M, van der Meulen GN, Wauben MHM. Surface protein profiling of milk and serum extracellular vesicles unveils body fluid-specific signatures. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8758. [PMID: 37253799 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35799-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) are currently in the limelight as potential disease biomarkers. The promise of EV-based liquid biopsy resides in the identification of specific disease-associated EV signatures. Knowing the reference EV profile of a body fluid can facilitate the identification of such disease-associated EV-biomarkers. With this aim, we purified EVs from paired human milk and serum samples and used the MACSPlex bead-based flow-cytometry assay to capture EVs on bead-bound antibodies specific for a certain surface protein, followed by EV detection by the tetraspanins CD9, CD63, and CD81. Using this approach we identified body fluid-specific EV signatures, e.g. breast epithelial cell signatures in milk EVs and platelet signatures in serum EVs, as well as body fluid-specific markers associated to immune cells and stem cells. Interestingly, comparison of pan-tetraspanin detection (simultaneous CD9, CD63 and CD81 detection) and single tetraspanin detection (detection by CD9, CD63 or CD81) also unveiled body fluid-specific tetraspanin distributions on EVs. Moreover, certain EV surface proteins were associated with a specific tetraspanin distribution, which could be indicative of the biogenesis route of this EV subset. Altogether, the identified body fluid-specific EV profiles can contribute to study EV profile deviations in these fluids during disease processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberta Giovanazzi
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- TRAIN-EV Marie Skłodowska-Curie Action-ITN, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn J C van Herwijnen
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marije Kleinjan
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Marca H M Wauben
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- TRAIN-EV Marie Skłodowska-Curie Action-ITN, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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23
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Tong L, Zhang S, Liu Q, Huang C, Hao H, Tan MS, Yu X, Lou CKL, Huang R, Zhang Z, Liu T, Gong P, Ng CH, Muthiah M, Pastorin G, Wacker MG, Chen X, Storm G, Lee CN, Zhang L, Yi H, Wang JW. Milk-derived extracellular vesicles protect intestinal barrier integrity in the gut-liver axis. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eade5041. [PMID: 37043568 PMCID: PMC10096581 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade5041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Milk-derived extracellular vesicles (mEVs) have been proposed as a potential nanomedicine for intestinal disorders; however, their impact on intestinal barrier integrity in gut inflammation and associated metabolic diseases has not been explored yet. Here, mEVs derived from bovine and human breast milk exert similar protective effects on epithelial tight junction functionality in vitro, survive harsh gastrointestinal conditions ex vivo, and reach the colon in vivo. Oral administration of mEVs restores gut barrier integrity at multiple levels, including mucus, epithelial, and immune barriers, and prevents endotoxin translocation into the liver in chemical-induced experimental colitis and diet-induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), thereby alleviating gut disorders, their associated liver inflammation, and NASH. Oral administration of mEVs has potential in the treatment of gut inflammation and gut-liver axis-associated metabolic diseases via protection of intestinal barrier integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingjun Tong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, P. R. China
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore,, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 6699 Qingdao Road, Jinan 250117, P. R. China
| | - Sitong Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore,, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Programme, Centre for NanoMedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117609, Singapore
| | - Qiqi Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, P. R. China
| | - Chenyuan Huang
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore,, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Programme, Centre for NanoMedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117609, Singapore
| | - Haining Hao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, P. R. China
| | - Michelle Siying Tan
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore,, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Programme, Centre for NanoMedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117609, Singapore
| | - Xiaodong Yu
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore,, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Programme, Centre for NanoMedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117609, Singapore
| | - Charles Kang Liang Lou
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore,, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Programme, Centre for NanoMedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117609, Singapore
| | - Rong Huang
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 6699 Qingdao Road, Jinan 250117, P. R. China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, P. R. China
| | - Tongjie Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, P. R. China
| | - Pimin Gong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Han Ng
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mark Muthiah
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- National University Centre for Organ Transplantation, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Giorgia Pastorin
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Matthias Gerhard Wacker
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore,, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Programme, Centre for NanoMedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117609, Singapore
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Departments of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Centre for Translational Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gert Storm
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore,, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Programme, Centre for NanoMedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117609, Singapore
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Cheun Neng Lee
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore,, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Programme, Centre for NanoMedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117609, Singapore
| | - Lanwei Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, P. R. China
| | - Huaxi Yi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, P. R. China
| | - Jiong-Wei Wang
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore,, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Programme, Centre for NanoMedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117609, Singapore
- Cardiovascular Research Institute (CVRI), National University Heart Centre Singapore (NUHCS), 14 Medical Drive, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 2 Medical Drive, Singapore 117593, Singapore
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24
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Loric S, Denis JA, Desbene C, Sabbah M, Conti M. Extracellular Vesicles in Breast Cancer: From Biology and Function to Clinical Diagnosis and Therapeutic Management. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:7208. [PMID: 37108371 PMCID: PMC10139222 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the first worldwide most frequent cancer in both sexes and the most commonly diagnosed in females. Although BC mortality has been thoroughly declining over the past decades, there are still considerable differences between women diagnosed with early BC and when metastatic BC is diagnosed. BC treatment choice is widely dependent on precise histological and molecular characterization. However, recurrence or distant metastasis still occurs even with the most recent efficient therapies. Thus, a better understanding of the different factors underlying tumor escape is mainly mandatory. Among the leading candidates is the continuous interplay between tumor cells and their microenvironment, where extracellular vesicles play a significant role. Among extracellular vesicles, smaller ones, also called exosomes, can carry biomolecules, such as lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, and generate signal transmission through an intercellular transfer of their content. This mechanism allows tumor cells to recruit and modify the adjacent and systemic microenvironment to support further invasion and dissemination. By reciprocity, stromal cells can also use exosomes to profoundly modify tumor cell behavior. This review intends to cover the most recent literature on the role of extracellular vesicle production in normal and cancerous breast tissues. Specific attention is paid to the use of extracellular vesicles for early BC diagnosis, follow-up, and prognosis because exosomes are actually under the spotlight of researchers as a high-potential source of liquid biopsies. Extracellular vesicles in BC treatment as new targets for therapy or efficient nanovectors to drive drug delivery are also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Loric
- INSERM U538, CRSA, Saint-Antoine University Hospital, 75012 Paris, France; (J.A.D.)
| | | | - Cédric Desbene
- INSERM U538, CRSA, Saint-Antoine University Hospital, 75012 Paris, France; (J.A.D.)
| | - Michèle Sabbah
- INSERM U538, CRSA, Saint-Antoine University Hospital, 75012 Paris, France; (J.A.D.)
| | - Marc Conti
- INSERM U538, CRSA, Saint-Antoine University Hospital, 75012 Paris, France; (J.A.D.)
- INTEGRACELL SAS, 91160 Longjumeau, France
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25
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Jiang X, Wu Y, Zhong H, Zhang X, Sun X, Liu L, Cui X, Chi X, Ji C. Human milk-derived extracellular vesicles alleviate high fat diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in mice. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:2257-2268. [PMID: 36575319 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-08206-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), characterized by excessive hepatic lipid accumulation, imposes serious challenges on public health worldwide. Breastfeeding has been reported to reduce the risk of NAFLD. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are bilayer membrane vesicles released from various cells into the extracellular space, participating in multiple life processes. Whether EVs from human milk exert metabolic benefits against NAFLD is worth investigating. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, the EVs were isolated from human milk collected from healthy mothers and quantified. Functional analyses were performed using the NAFLD mouse model and free fatty acid (FFA)-stimulated mouse primary hepatocytes. The results showed that human milk-derived EVs could effectively alleviate high fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance in mice with NAFLD via inhibiting lipogenesis and increasing lipolysis. The FFA-induced lipid accumulation was also inhibited in hepatocytes after treatment with human milk-derived EVs. Mechanistically, the human milk derived-EVs cargo (proteins and miRNAs), which linked to lipid metabolism, may be responsible for these beneficial effects. CONCLUSION The findings of this study highlighted the therapeutic benefits of human milk-derived EVs and provided a new strategy for NAFLD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Jiang
- Department of Children Health Care, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Institute, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,School of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yangyang Wu
- Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Institute, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hong Zhong
- Department of Children Health Care, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Institute, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,School of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Zhang
- Department of Children Health Care, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Institute, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,School of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xingzhen Sun
- School of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Children Health Care, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Institute, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,School of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xianwei Cui
- Department of Children Health Care, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China. .,Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Institute, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China. .,School of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xia Chi
- Department of Children Health Care, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China. .,Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Institute, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China. .,School of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Chenbo Ji
- Department of Children Health Care, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China. .,Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Institute, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China. .,School of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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26
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Xu B, Zuo C. Effect of exosomes as drug carriers in chemotherapy of pancreatic cancer. ZHONG NAN DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF CENTRAL SOUTH UNIVERSITY. MEDICAL SCIENCES 2023; 48:268-274. [PMID: 36999474 PMCID: PMC10930337 DOI: 10.11817/j.issn.1672-7347.2023.220439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a malignant tumor of the digestive tract with poor patient prognosis. The PC incidence is still increasing with a 5-year survival rate of only 10%. At present, surgical resection is the most effective method to treat PC, however, 80% of the patients missed the best time for surgery after they have been diagnosed as PC. Chemotherapy is one of the main treating methods but PC is insensitive to chemotherapy, prone to drug resistance, and is accompanied by many side effects which are related to a lack of specific target. Exosomes are nanoscale vesicles secreted by almost all cell types and can carry various bioactive substances which mediate cell communication and material transport. They are characterized by a low immunogenicity, low cytotoxicity, high penetration potential and homing capacity, and possess the potential of being used as advanced drug carriers. Therefore, it is a hot research topic to use drug-loaded exosomes for tumor therapy. They may alleviate chemotherapy resistance, reduce side effects, and enhance the curative effect. In recent years, exosome drug carriers have achieved considerable results in PC chemotherapy studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biaoming Xu
- Hengyang Medical School, University of South China; Graduate Collaborative Training Base of Hunan Cancer Hospital, Hengyang Hunan 421001.
| | - Chaohui Zuo
- Department of Gastroduodenal and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University & Hunan Cancer Hospital; Translational Medicine Research Center of Liver Cancer and Laboratory of Digestive Oncology of Hunan Cancer Hospital & Hunan Cancer Control Institute, Changsha 410013, China.
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27
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Pérez-Escamilla R, Tomori C, Hernández-Cordero S, Baker P, Barros AJD, Bégin F, Chapman DJ, Grummer-Strawn LM, McCoy D, Menon P, Ribeiro Neves PA, Piwoz E, Rollins N, Victora CG, Richter L. Breastfeeding: crucially important, but increasingly challenged in a market-driven world. Lancet 2023; 401:472-485. [PMID: 36764313 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(22)01932-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 124.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
In this Series paper, we examine how mother and baby attributes at the individual level interact with breastfeeding determinants at other levels, how these interactions drive breastfeeding outcomes, and what policies and interventions are necessary to achieve optimal breastfeeding. About one in three neonates in low-income and middle-income countries receive prelacteal feeds, and only one in two neonates are put to the breast within the first hour of life. Prelacteal feeds are strongly associated with delayed initiation of breastfeeding. Self-reported insufficient milk continues to be one of the most common reasons for introducing commercial milk formula (CMF) and stopping breastfeeding. Parents and health professionals frequently misinterpret typical, unsettled baby behaviours as signs of milk insufficiency or inadequacy. In our market-driven world and in violation of the WHO International Code for Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes, the CMF industry exploits concerns of parents about these behaviours with unfounded product claims and advertising messages. A synthesis of reviews between 2016 and 2021 and country-based case studies indicate that breastfeeding practices at a population level can be improved rapidly through multilevel and multicomponent interventions across the socioecological model and settings. Breastfeeding is not the sole responsibility of women and requires collective societal approaches that take gender inequities into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Pérez-Escamilla
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Cecília Tomori
- Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sonia Hernández-Cordero
- Research Center for Equitable Development (EQUIDE), Universidad Iberoamericana, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Phillip Baker
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Aluisio J D Barros
- International Center for Equity in Health, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - David McCoy
- International Institute for Global Health, United Nations University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Purnima Menon
- International Food Policy Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | - Nigel Rollins
- Department of Maternal, Newborn, Child and Adolescent Health, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Cesar G Victora
- International Center for Equity in Health, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Linda Richter
- Centre of Excellence in Human Development, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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28
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Abstract
Human breast milk is the optimal nutrition for all infants and is comprised of many bioactive and immunomodulatory components. The components in human milk, such as probiotics, human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), extracellular vesicles, peptides, immunoglobulins, growth factors, cytokines, and vitamins, play a critical role in guiding neonatal development beyond somatic growth. In this review, we will describe the bioactive factors in human milk and discuss how these factors shape neonatal immunity, the intestinal microbiome, intestinal development, and more from the inside out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah F Andres
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric GI Division, School of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97229, United States
| | - Brian Scottoline
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, United States
| | - Misty Good
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 101 Manning Drive, Campus Box 7596, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States.
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29
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Ramos-Garcia V, Ten-Doménech I, Albiach-Delgado A, Gómez-Ferrer M, Sepúlveda P, Parra-Llorca A, Campos-Berga L, Moreno-Giménez A, Quintás G, Kuligowski J. Isolation and Lipidomic Screening of Human Milk Extracellular Vesicles. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2571:177-188. [PMID: 36152162 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2699-3_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are secreted by cells and can be found in biological fluids (e.g., blood, saliva, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, and milk). EV isolation needs to be optimized carefully depending on the type of biofluid and tissue. Human milk (HM) is known to be a rich source of EVs, and they are thought to be partially responsible for the benefits associated with breastfeeding. Here, a workflow for the isolation and lipidomic analysis of HM-EVs is described. The procedure encompasses initial steps such as sample collection and storage, a detailed description for HM-EV isolation by multistage ultracentrifugation, metabolite extraction, and analysis by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry, as well as data analysis and curation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Marta Gómez-Ferrer
- Regenerative Medicine and Heart Transplantation Unit, Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Pilar Sepúlveda
- Regenerative Medicine and Heart Transplantation Unit, Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Anna Parra-Llorca
- Neonatal Research Group, Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Laura Campos-Berga
- Neonatal Research Group, Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Guillermo Quintás
- Health and Biomedicine, Leitat Technological Center, Terrassa, Spain
- Analytical Unit, Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Julia Kuligowski
- Neonatal Research Group, Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia, Spain.
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Mecocci S, Trabalza-Marinucci M, Cappelli K. Extracellular Vesicles from Animal Milk: Great Potentialities and Critical Issues. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12233231. [PMID: 36496752 PMCID: PMC9740508 DOI: 10.3390/ani12233231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Other than representing the main source of nutrition for newborn mammals, milk delivers a sophisticated signaling system from mother to child that promotes postnatal health. The bioactive components transferred through the milk intake are important for the development of the newborn immune system and include oligosaccharides, lactoferrin, lysozyme, α-La, and immunoglobulins. In the last 15 years, a pivotal role in this mother-to-child exchange has been attributed to extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs are micro- and nanosized structures enclosed in a phospholipidic double-layer membrane that are produced by all cell types and released in the extracellular environment, reaching both close and distant cells. EVs mediate the intercellular cross-talk from the producing to the receiving cell through the transfer of molecules contained within them such as proteins, antigens, lipids, metabolites, RNAs, and DNA fragments. The complex cargo can induce a wide range of functional modulations in the recipient cell (i.e., anti-inflammatory, immunomodulating, angiogenetic, and pro-regenerative modulations) depending on the type of producing cells and the stimuli that these cells receive. EVs can be recovered from every biological fluid, including blood, urine, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, saliva, bile, and milk, which is one of the most promising scalable vesicle sources. This review aimed to present the state-of-the-art of animal-milk-derived EV (mEV) studies due to the exponential growth of this field. A focus on the beneficial potentialities for human health and the issues of studying vesicles from milk, particularly for the analytical methodologies applied, is reported.
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Gonçalves-Machado L, Verçoza BRF, Nogueira FCS, Melani RD, Domont GB, Rodrigues SP, Rodrigues JCF, Zingali RB. Extracellular Vesicles from Bothrops jararaca Venom Are Diverse in Structure and Protein Composition and Interact with Mammalian Cells. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14110806. [PMID: 36422980 PMCID: PMC9698812 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14110806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Snake venoms are complex cocktails of non-toxic and toxic molecules that work synergistically for the envenoming outcome. Alongside the immediate consequences, chronic manifestations and long-term sequelae can occur. Recently, extracellular vesicles (EVs) were found in snake venom. EVs mediate cellular communication through long distances, delivering proteins and nucleic acids that modulate the recipient cell's function. However, the biological roles of snake venom EVs, including possible cross-organism communication, are still unknown. This knowledge may expand the understanding of envenoming mechanisms. In the present study, we isolated and characterized the EVs from Bothrops jararaca venom (Bj-EVs), giving insights into their biological roles. Fresh venom was submitted to differential centrifugation, resulting in two EV populations with typical morphology and size range. Several conserved EV markers and a subset of venom related EV markers, represented mainly by processing enzymes, were identified by proteomic analysis. The most abundant protein family observed in Bj-EVs was 5'-nucleotidase, known to be immunosuppressive and a low abundant and ubiquitous toxin in snake venoms. Additionally, we demonstrated that mammalian cells efficiently internalize Bj-EVs. The commercial antibothropic antivenom partially recognizes Bj-EVs and inhibits cellular EV uptake. Based on the proteomic results and the in vitro interaction assays using macrophages and muscle cells, we propose that Bj-EVs may be involved not only in venom production and processing but also in host immune modulation and long-term effects of envenoming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Gonçalves-Machado
- Laboratório de Hemostase e Venenos, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis (IBqM), Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem (Inbeb), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
- Instituto Vital Brazil, Gerência de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Niterói 24230-410, Brazil
| | - Brunno Renato Farias Verçoza
- Núcleo Multidisciplinar de Pesquisa em Biologia (NUMPEX-Bio), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Campus UFRJ Duque de Caxias, Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro 25240-005, Brazil
| | - Fábio César Sousa Nogueira
- Laboratório de Química de Proteínas, Unidade Proteômica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, Brazil
- Laboratório de Proteômica (LabProt)—LADETEC, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-598, Brazil
| | - Rafael Donadélli Melani
- Laboratório de Química de Proteínas, Unidade Proteômica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, Brazil
| | - Gilberto Barbosa Domont
- Laboratório de Química de Proteínas, Unidade Proteômica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, Brazil
| | - Silas Pessini Rodrigues
- Núcleo Multidisciplinar de Pesquisa em Biologia (NUMPEX-Bio), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Campus UFRJ Duque de Caxias, Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro 25240-005, Brazil
| | - Juliany Cola Fernandes Rodrigues
- Núcleo Multidisciplinar de Pesquisa em Biologia (NUMPEX-Bio), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Campus UFRJ Duque de Caxias, Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro 25240-005, Brazil
| | - Russolina Benedeta Zingali
- Laboratório de Hemostase e Venenos, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis (IBqM), Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem (Inbeb), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-2139386782
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Sadovska L, Zayakin P, Bajo-Santos C, Endzeliņš E, Auders J, Keiša L, Jansons J, Lietuvietis V, Linē A. Effects of urinary extracellular vesicles from prostate cancer patients on the transcriptomes of cancer-associated and normal fibroblasts. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:1055. [PMID: 36224527 PMCID: PMC9555094 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-10107-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidence suggests that cancer-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) alter the phenotype and functions of fibroblasts and trigger the reprogramming of normal fibroblasts into cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). Here, we for the first time studied the effects of urinary EVs from PC patients and healthy males on the transcriptional landscape of prostate CAFs and normal foreskin fibroblasts. METHODS Patient-derived prostate fibroblast primary cultures PCF-54 and PCF-55 were established from two specimens of PC tissues. EVs were isolated from urine samples of 3 patients with PC and 2 healthy males and used for the treatment of prostate fibroblast primary cultures and normal foreskin fibroblasts. The EV-treated fibroblasts were subjected to RNA sequencing analysis. RESULTS RNA sequencing analysis showed that the fibroblast cultures differed significantly in their response to urinary EVs. The transcriptional response of foreskin fibroblasts to the urinary EVs isolated from PC patients and healthy controls was very similar and mostly related to the normal functions of fibroblasts. On the contrary, PCF-54 cells responded very differently - EVs from PC patients elicited transcriptional changes related to the regulation of the cell division and chromosome segregation, whereas EVs from healthy males affected mitochondrial respiration. In PCF-55 cells, EVs from both, PC-patients and controls induced the expression of a number of chemokines such as CCL2, CCL13, CXCL1, CXCL8, whereas pathways related to regulation of apoptotic signaling and production of cell adhesion molecules were triggered specifically by EVs from PC patients. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that urinary EVs from PC patients and healthy controls elicit distinct transcriptional responses in prostate CAFs and supports the idea that EVs contribute to the generation of functional heterogeneity of CAFs. Moreover, this study suggests that the changes in the gene expression pattern in EV recipient cells might serve as a novel type of functional cancer biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilite Sadovska
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites Str 1, k-1, LV-1067, Riga, Latvia
| | - Pawel Zayakin
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites Str 1, k-1, LV-1067, Riga, Latvia
| | - Cristina Bajo-Santos
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites Str 1, k-1, LV-1067, Riga, Latvia
| | - Edgars Endzeliņš
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites Str 1, k-1, LV-1067, Riga, Latvia
| | - Jānis Auders
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites Str 1, k-1, LV-1067, Riga, Latvia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Raina blvd. 19, 1586, LV, Riga, Latvia
| | - Laura Keiša
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites Str 1, k-1, LV-1067, Riga, Latvia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Raina blvd. 19, 1586, LV, Riga, Latvia
| | - Juris Jansons
- Riga Stradiņš University, Dzirciema Str 16, LV-1007, Riga, Latvia
| | | | - Aija Linē
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites Str 1, k-1, LV-1067, Riga, Latvia.
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Karra N, Van Herwijnen MJC, Wauben MHM, Swindle EJ, Morgan H. Human milk extracellular vesicles preserve bronchial epithelial barrier integrity and reduce TLR3-induced inflammation in vitro. JOURNAL OF EXTRACELLULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 1:e54. [PMID: 38938774 PMCID: PMC11080843 DOI: 10.1002/jex2.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Breast milk is essential for facilitating the growth and development of infants and for providing immune protection against viral infections in the infant's airways. Yet, regulation of inflammation by milk components may be needed to reduce immune pathology. While milk-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) are bestowed with immunomodulatory capacities, their role in bronchial epithelial barrier function and inflammation has not yet been examined. We hypothesised that during feeding, milk is not only ingested, but aerosols containing milk EVs are inhaled and locally delivered to the infant's airways to suppress aberrant inflammation. A bronchial epithelial model of viral infection was used to explore the direct effect of milk EVs on cellular barrier function and cytokine release during stimulation with a viral dsRNA analogue (Poly I:C). We demonstrate that milk EVs improved the dsRNA-mediated decrease in ionic barrier integrity, limited tight junction reorganisation and reduced inflammatory cytokine production (IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α). This protective response was EV-mediated, could be successfully titrated and exhibited a time-dependent response. The results indicate that if EV-containing milk aerosols are inhaled during feeding, this may lead to protection of the airway integrity from adverse inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Karra
- Electronics and Computer Science, Faculty of Physical Sciences and EngineeringUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
| | - Martijn J. C. Van Herwijnen
- Department of Biomolecular Health SciencesFaculty of Veterinary MedicineUtrecht UniversityUtrechtNetherlands
| | - Marca H. M. Wauben
- Department of Biomolecular Health SciencesFaculty of Veterinary MedicineUtrecht UniversityUtrechtNetherlands
| | - Emily Jane Swindle
- Clinical and Experimental SciencesFaculty of MedicineUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
- Institute for Life SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
| | - Hywel Morgan
- Electronics and Computer Science, Faculty of Physical Sciences and EngineeringUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
- Institute for Life SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
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Human Milk Extracellular Vesicles: A Biological System with Clinical Implications. Cells 2022; 11:cells11152345. [PMID: 35954189 PMCID: PMC9367292 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The consumption of human milk by a breastfeeding infant is associated with positive health outcomes, including lower risk of diarrheal disease, respiratory disease, otitis media, and in later life, less risk of chronic disease. These benefits may be mediated by antibodies, glycoproteins, glycolipids, oligosaccharides, and leukocytes. More recently, human milk extracellular vesicles (hMEVs) have been identified. HMEVs contain functional cargos, i.e., miRNAs and proteins, that may transmit information from the mother to promote infant growth and development. Maternal health conditions can influence hMEV composition. This review summarizes hMEV biogenesis and functional contents, reviews the functional evidence of hMEVs in the maternal–infant health relationship, and discusses challenges and opportunities in hMEV research.
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35
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Du C, Zhao Y, Wang K, Nan X, Chen R, Xiong B. Effects of Milk-Derived Extracellular Vesicles on the Colonic Transcriptome and Proteome in Murine Model. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14153057. [PMID: 35893911 PMCID: PMC9332160 DOI: 10.3390/nu14153057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence shows that effective nutritional intervention can prevent or mitigate the risk and morbidity of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Bovine milk extracellular vesicles (mEVs), a major bioactive constituent of milk, play an important role in maintaining intestinal health. The aims of this study were to assess the effects of mEV pre-supplementation on the colonic transcriptome and proteome in dextran sulphate sodium (DSS)-induced acute colitis, in order to understand the underlying molecular mechanisms of mEV protection against acute colitis. Our results revealed that dietary mEV supplementation alleviated the severity of acute colitis, as evidenced by the reduced disease activity index scores, histological damage, and infiltration of inflammatory cells. In addition, transcriptome profiling analysis found that oral mEVs significantly reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17A and IL-33), chemokine ligands (CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL3, CXCL5, CCL3 and CCL11) and chemokine receptors (CXCR2 and CCR3). Moreover, oral mEVs up-regulated 109 proteins and down-regulated 150 proteins in the DSS-induced murine model, which were involved in modulating amino acid metabolism and lipid metabolism. Collectively, this study might provide new insights for identifying potential targets for the therapeutic effects of mEVs on colitis.
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36
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Wells JM, Gao Y, de Groot N, Vonk MM, Ulfman L, van Neerven RJJ. Babies, Bugs, and Barriers: Dietary Modulation of Intestinal Barrier Function in Early Life. Annu Rev Nutr 2022; 42:165-200. [PMID: 35697048 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-122221-103916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The intestinal barrier is essential in early life to prevent infection, inflammation, and food allergies. It consists of microbiota, a mucus layer, an epithelial layer, and the immune system. Microbial metabolites, the mucus, antimicrobial peptides, and secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) protect the intestinal mucosa against infection. The complex interplay between these functionalities of the intestinal barrier is crucial in early life by supporting homeostasis, development of the intestinal immune system, and long-term gut health. Exclusive breastfeeding is highly recommended during the first 6 months. When breastfeeding is not possible, milk-based infant formulas are the only safe alternative. Breast milk contains many bioactive components that help to establish the intestinal microbiota and influence the development of the intestinal epithelium and the immune system. Importantly, breastfeeding lowers the risk for intestinal and respiratory tract infections. Here we review all aspects of intestinal barrier function and the nutritional components that impact its functionality in early life, such as micronutrients, bioactive milk proteins, milk lipids, and human milk oligosaccharides. These components are present in breast milk and can be added to milk-based infant formulas to support gut health and immunity. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Nutrition, Volume 42 is August 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerry M Wells
- Host Microbe Interactomics, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Yifan Gao
- Cell Biology and Immunology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - R J Joost van Neerven
- Cell Biology and Immunology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,FrieslandCampina, Amersfoort, The Netherlands;
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Milk-derived extracellular vesicles (MDEVs) are nanovesicles that carry microRNA (miRNA) DNA, RNA, proteins and lipids. MDEVs have a potential of therapeutic targets, based on their properties and cargo profile. The present review summarizes recent studies on MDEVs, their cargo and potential role in mammalian development. RECENT FINDINGS The detailed characterization of their miRNA cargo leads to the conclusion of their potential importance in the regulation of gene expression, immune function, development and infant growth.While their miRNAs are important regulatory elements and their profile expression was characterized in various mammalian milk sources, little is known about their effect on infant health and development. MiRNA activity in breast milk is likely influenced by the overall ecosystem of the early environment, including maternal characteristics, behaviors, and health. SUMMARY MDEVs may have an important role in early child development and infant future health. Understanding benefits of MDEVs characteristics have potential role on gut maturation, immune system development and the prevention of metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Golan-Gerstl
- Department of Pediatrics, Hadassah Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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38
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Bernal PN, Bouwmeester M, Madrid-Wolff J, Falandt M, Florczak S, Rodriguez NG, Li Y, Größbacher G, Samsom RA, van Wolferen M, van der Laan LJW, Delrot P, Loterie D, Malda J, Moser C, Spee B, Levato R. Volumetric Bioprinting of Organoids and Optically Tuned Hydrogels to Build Liver-Like Metabolic Biofactories. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2110054. [PMID: 35166410 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202110054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Organ- and tissue-level biological functions are intimately linked to microscale cell-cell interactions and to the overarching tissue architecture. Together, biofabrication and organoid technologies offer the unique potential to engineer multi-scale living constructs, with cellular microenvironments formed by stem cell self-assembled structures embedded in customizable bioprinted geometries. This study introduces the volumetric bioprinting of complex organoid-laden constructs, which capture key functions of the human liver. Volumetric bioprinting via optical tomography shapes organoid-laden gelatin hydrogels into complex centimeter-scale 3D structures in under 20 s. Optically tuned bioresins enable refractive index matching of specific intracellular structures, countering the disruptive impact of cell-mediated light scattering on printing resolution. This layerless, nozzle-free technique poses no harmful mechanical stresses on organoids, resulting in superior viability and morphology preservation post-printing. Bioprinted organoids undergo hepatocytic differentiation showing albumin synthesis, liver-specific enzyme activity, and remarkably acquired native-like polarization. Organoids embedded within low stiffness gelatins (<2 kPa) are bioprinted into mathematically defined lattices with varying degrees of pore network tortuosity, and cultured under perfusion. These structures act as metabolic biofactories in which liver-specific ammonia detoxification can be enhanced by the architectural profile of the constructs. This technology opens up new possibilities for regenerative medicine and personalized drug testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Nuñez Bernal
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584CX, The Netherlands
| | - Manon Bouwmeester
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584CT, The Netherlands
| | - Jorge Madrid-Wolff
- Laboratory of Applied Photonics Devices, École Polytechnique Fédéral Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Marc Falandt
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584CT, The Netherlands
| | - Sammy Florczak
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584CX, The Netherlands
| | - Nuria Ginés Rodriguez
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584CX, The Netherlands
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584CX, The Netherlands
| | - Gabriel Größbacher
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584CX, The Netherlands
| | - Roos-Anne Samsom
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584CT, The Netherlands
| | - Monique van Wolferen
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584CT, The Netherlands
| | - Luc J W van der Laan
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015GD, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Delrot
- Readily3D SA, EPFL Innovation Park, Building A, Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Damien Loterie
- Readily3D SA, EPFL Innovation Park, Building A, Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Jos Malda
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584CX, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584CT, The Netherlands
| | - Christophe Moser
- Laboratory of Applied Photonics Devices, École Polytechnique Fédéral Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Bart Spee
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584CT, The Netherlands
| | - Riccardo Levato
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584CX, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584CT, The Netherlands
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Feng T, Karges J, Liao X, Ji L, Chao H. Engineered exosomes as a natural nanoplatform for cancer targeted delivery of metal-based drugs. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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40
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Ramirez-Garrastacho M, Bajo-Santos C, Line A, Martens-Uzunova ES, de la Fuente JM, Moros M, Soekmadji C, Tasken KA, Llorente A. Extracellular vesicles as a source of prostate cancer biomarkers in liquid biopsies: a decade of research. Br J Cancer 2022; 126:331-350. [PMID: 34811504 PMCID: PMC8810769 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-021-01610-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is a global cancer burden and considerable effort has been made through the years to identify biomarkers for the disease. Approximately a decade ago, the potential of analysing extracellular vesicles in liquid biopsies started to be envisaged. This was the beginning of a new exciting area of research investigating the rich molecular treasure found in extracellular vesicles to identify biomarkers for a variety of diseases. Vesicles released from prostate cancer cells and cells of the tumour microenvironment carry molecular information about the disease that can be analysed in several biological fluids. Numerous studies document the interest of researchers in this field of research. However, methodological issues such as the isolation of vesicles have been challenging. Remarkably, novel technologies, including those based on nanotechnology, show promise for the further development and clinical use of extracellular vesicles as liquid biomarkers. Development of biomarkers is a long and complicated process, and there are still not many biomarkers based on extracellular vesicles in clinical use. However, the knowledge acquired during the last decade constitutes a solid basis for the future development of liquid biopsy tests for prostate cancer. These are urgently needed to bring prostate cancer treatment to the next level in precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Ramirez-Garrastacho
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Aija Line
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Riga, Latvia
| | - Elena S Martens-Uzunova
- Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Urology, Laboratory of Experimental Urology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jesus Martinez de la Fuente
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Moros
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carolina Soekmadji
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Kristin Austlid Tasken
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Alicia Llorente
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
- Department for Mechanical, Electronics and Chemical Engineering, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway.
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Zhao B, Chen Q, Zhao L, Mao J, Huang W, Han X, Liu Y. Periodontal Ligament Stem Cell-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles Embedded in Matrigel Enhance Bone Repair Through the Adenosine Receptor Signaling Pathway. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:519-536. [PMID: 35140462 PMCID: PMC8819539 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s346755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are natural biocarriers for biomolecule transfer between cells and promising therapeutic strategies for bone defect repair. In this study, human periodontal ligament stem cell (PDLSC)-derived sEVs (P-EVs) were immobilized in Matrigel to establish a topical cell-free transplantation strategy for bone repair. Methods PDLSCs were cultured and P-EVs were isolated from the culture supernatant. In a rat bilateral calvarial defect model, P-EV/Matrigel was plugged into one defect and PBS/Matrigel was applied to the other. Bone repair in vivo was assessed by micro-computed tomography, histomorphometry, and immunohistochemical staining. In vitro, we investigated the effects of P-EVs on the proliferation and migration capabilities of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) and explored the potential mechanism of action. Results The in vivo study showed that P-EV/Matrigel accelerated bone tissue repair by increasing cell infiltration when compared with the control. In vitro, P-EVs enhanced proliferation and migration of BMMSCs via increased phosphorylation of AKT and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2). The role of P-EV-induced adenosine receptor signaling in AKT and ERK1/2 phosphorylation was a key mediator during enhanced BMMSC migration. Conclusion These results are the first to demonstrate that P-EVs accelerated the repair of bone defects, partially through promoting cell proliferation and migration. P-EV/Matrigel, which combines topical EV-implantation and extracellular matrix scaffolds, provides a new cell-free strategy for bone tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingjiao Zhao
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200001, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingqing Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liru Zhao
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiaqi Mao
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinxin Han
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuehua Liu
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200001, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200001, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Yuehua Liu, Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, 356 East Beijing Road, Shanghai, 200001, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-63298475, Fax +86-63614515, Email
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42
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Reyes SM, Patra B, Elliott MJ. The Impact of Homogenization on Donor Human Milk and Human Milk-Based Fortifiers and Implications for Preterm Infant Health. Curr Dev Nutr 2022; 6:nzab147. [PMID: 35059551 PMCID: PMC8764228 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzab147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
An exclusive human milk diet (EHMD) has been shown to reduce health complications of prematurity in infants born weighing ≤1250 g compared with cow milk-based diets. Accordingly, the number of available human milk (HM)-based nutritional products continues to increase. Newly available products, and those reportedly soon to enter the market, include homogenized donor HM and homogenized HM-based fortifiers. Existing literature demonstrating the benefits of an EHMD, however, is limited to non-homogenized HM-based products. Herein, we summarize existing evidence on the impact of homogenization on HM, with a particular focus on changes to the macromolecular structure of the milk fat globule and the subsequent impact on digestion kinetics. We use these published data to create a conceptual framework for the potential implications of homogenized HM-based nutritional products on preterm infant health. Importantly, we underscore that the safety and efficacy of homogenized HM-based products warrant investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Melinda J Elliott
- Prolacta Bioscience®, Duarte, CA, USA
- Pediatrix Medical Group of Maryland, Rockville, MD, USA
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43
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Filip R. An Update on the Role of Extracellular Vesicles in the Pathogenesis of Necrotizing Enterocolitis and Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Cells 2021; 10:cells10113202. [PMID: 34831425 PMCID: PMC8622309 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Some of the most fundamental influences of microorganisms inhabiting the human intestinal tract are exerted during infant development and impact the maturation of intestinal mucosa and gut immune system. The impact of bacteria on the host gut immune system is partially mediated via released extracellular vesicles (EVs). The heterogeneity in EV content, size, and bacterial species origin can have an impact on intestinal cells, resulting in inflammation and an immune response, or facilitate pathogen entry into the gut wall. In mammals, maintaining the integrity of the gut barrier might also be an evolutionary function of maternal milk EVs. Recently, the usage of EVs has been explored as a novel therapeutic approach in several pathological conditions, including necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In this review, we attempt to summarize the current knowledge of EV biology, followed by a discussion of the role that EVs play in gut maturation and the pathogenesis of NEC and IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Filip
- Department of Gastroenterology with IBD, Unit of Clinical Hospital 2 in Rzeszow, Lwowska 60, 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland;
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Rzeszow, Aleja Majora Wacława Kopisto 2a, 35-210 Rzeszow, Poland
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44
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Tan XH, Fang D, Xu YD, Nan TG, Song WP, Gu YY, Gu SJ, Yuan YM, Xin ZC, Zhou LQ, Guan RL, Li XS. Skimmed Bovine Milk-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Isolated via "Salting-Out": Characterizations and Potential Functions as Nanocarriers. Front Nutr 2021; 8:769223. [PMID: 34778348 PMCID: PMC8582325 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.769223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine milk-derived extracellular vesicles (BM-EVs) are recognized as promising nanoscale delivery vectors owing to their large availability. However, few isolation methods can achieve high purity and yield simultaneously. Therefore, we developed a novel and cost-effective procedure to separate BM-EVs via "salting-out." First, BM-EVs were isolated from skimmed milk using ammonium sulfate. The majority of BM-EVs were precipitated between 30 and 40% saturation and 34% had a relatively augmented purity. The separated BM-EVs showed a spherical shape with a diameter of 60-150 nm and expressed the marker proteins CD63, TSG101, and Hsp70. The purity and yield were comparable to the BM-EVs isolated via ultracentrifugation while ExoQuick failed to separate a relatively pure fraction of BM-EVs. The uptake of BM-EVs into endothelial cells was dose- and time-dependent without significant cytotoxicity. The levels of endothelial nitric oxide syntheses were regulated by BM-EVs loaded with icariside II and miRNA-155-5p, suggesting their functions as delivery vehicles. These findings have demonstrated that it is an efficient procedure to isolate BM-EVs via "salting-out," holding great promise toward therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hui Tan
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.,Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Urogenital Diseases (male) Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Fang
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.,Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Urogenital Diseases (male) Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yong-De Xu
- Department of Urology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tie-Gui Nan
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-Peng Song
- Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Urogenital Diseases (male) Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Beijing, China.,Department of Dental Implant Center, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yang-Yang Gu
- Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Urogenital Diseases (male) Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Beijing, China.,Department of Radiation Medicine, Institute of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Sheng-Ji Gu
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.,Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Urogenital Diseases (male) Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yi-Ming Yuan
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.,Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Urogenital Diseases (male) Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Beijing, China
| | - Zhong-Cheng Xin
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.,Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Urogenital Diseases (male) Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Qun Zhou
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.,Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Urogenital Diseases (male) Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Beijing, China
| | - Rui-Li Guan
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.,Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Urogenital Diseases (male) Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xue-Song Li
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.,Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Urogenital Diseases (male) Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Beijing, China
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45
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Mosquera-Heredia MI, Morales LC, Vidal OM, Barceló E, Silvera-Redondo C, Vélez JI, Garavito-Galofre P. Exosomes: Potential Disease Biomarkers and New Therapeutic Targets. Biomedicines 2021; 9:1061. [PMID: 34440265 PMCID: PMC8393483 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9081061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are extracellular vesicles released by cells, both constitutively and after cell activation, and are present in different types of biological fluid. Exosomes are involved in the pathogenesis of diseases, such as cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, pregnancy disorders and cardiovascular diseases, and have emerged as potential non-invasive biomarkers for the detection, prognosis and therapeutics of a myriad of diseases. In this review, we describe recent advances related to the regulatory mechanisms of exosome biogenesis, release and molecular composition, as well as their role in health and disease, and their potential use as disease biomarkers and therapeutic targets. In addition, the advantages and disadvantages of their main isolation methods, characterization and cargo analysis, as well as the experimental methods used for exosome-mediated drug delivery, are discussed. Finally, we present potential perspectives for the use of exosomes in future clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria I. Mosquera-Heredia
- Department of Medicine, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla 081007, Colombia; (L.C.M.); (O.M.V.); (C.S.-R.)
| | - Luis C. Morales
- Department of Medicine, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla 081007, Colombia; (L.C.M.); (O.M.V.); (C.S.-R.)
| | - Oscar M. Vidal
- Department of Medicine, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla 081007, Colombia; (L.C.M.); (O.M.V.); (C.S.-R.)
| | - Ernesto Barceló
- Instituto Colombiano de Neuropedagogía, Barranquilla 080020, Colombia;
| | - Carlos Silvera-Redondo
- Department of Medicine, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla 081007, Colombia; (L.C.M.); (O.M.V.); (C.S.-R.)
| | - Jorge I. Vélez
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla 081007, Colombia;
| | - Pilar Garavito-Galofre
- Department of Medicine, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla 081007, Colombia; (L.C.M.); (O.M.V.); (C.S.-R.)
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46
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Aarts J, Boleij A, Pieters BCH, Feitsma AL, van Neerven RJJ, Ten Klooster JP, M'Rabet L, Arntz OJ, Koenders MI, van de Loo FAJ. Flood Control: How Milk-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Can Help to Improve the Intestinal Barrier Function and Break the Gut-Joint Axis in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:703277. [PMID: 34394100 PMCID: PMC8356634 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.703277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies provided compelling evidence that extracellular vesicles (EVs) are involved in the regulation of the immune response, acting as both enhancers and dampeners of the immune system, depending on the source and type of vesicle. Research, including ours, has shown anti-inflammatory effects of milk-derived EVs, using human breast milk as well as bovine colostrum and store-bought pasteurized cow milk, in in vitro systems as well as therapeutically in animal models. Although it is not completely elucidated which proteins and miRNAs within the milk-derived EVs contribute to these immunosuppressive capacities, one proposed mechanism of action of the EVs is via the modulation of the crosstalk between the (intestinal) microbiome and their host health. There is increasing awareness that the gut plays an important role in many inflammatory diseases. Enhanced intestinal leakiness, dysbiosis of the gut microbiome, and bowel inflammation are not only associated with intestinal diseases like colitis and Crohn's disease, but also characteristic for systemic inflammatory diseases such as lupus, multiple sclerosis, and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Strategies to target the gut, and especially its microbiome, are under investigation and hold a promise as a therapeutic intervention for these diseases. The use of milk-derived EVs, either as stand-alone drug or as a drug carrier, is often suggested in recent years. Several research groups have studied the tolerance and safety of using milk-derived EVs in animal models. Due to its composition, milk-derived EVs are highly biocompatible and have limited immunogenicity even cross species. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that milk-derived EVs, when taken up in the gastro-intestinal tract, stay intact after absorption, indicating excellent stability. These characteristics make milk-derived EVs very suitable as drug carriers, but also by themselves, these EVs already have a substantial immunoregulatory function, and even without loading, these vesicles can act as therapeutics. In this review, we will address the immunomodulating capacity of milk-derived EVs and discuss their potential as therapy for RA patients. Review criteria The search terms "extracellular vesicles", "exosomes", "microvesicles", "rheumatoid arthritis", "gut-joint axis", "milk", and "experimental arthritis" were used. English-language full text papers (published between 1980 and 2021) were identified from PubMed and Google Scholar databases. The reference list for each paper was further searched to identify additional relevant articles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce Aarts
- Department of Rheumatology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center (Radboudumc), Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Annemarie Boleij
- Department of Pathology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center (Radboudumc), Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Bartijn C H Pieters
- Department of Rheumatology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center (Radboudumc), Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | | | - R J Joost van Neerven
- FrieslandCampina, Amersfoort, Netherlands.,Cell Biology and Immunology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Jean Paul Ten Klooster
- Research Centre for Healthy and Sustainable Living, Innovative Testing in Life Sciences and Chemistry, University of Applied Sciences, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Laura M'Rabet
- Research Centre for Healthy and Sustainable Living, Innovative Testing in Life Sciences and Chemistry, University of Applied Sciences, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Onno J Arntz
- Department of Rheumatology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center (Radboudumc), Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Marije I Koenders
- Department of Rheumatology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center (Radboudumc), Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Fons A J van de Loo
- Department of Rheumatology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center (Radboudumc), Nijmegen, Netherlands
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47
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Jiang X, You L, Zhang Z, Cui X, Zhong H, Sun X, Ji C, Chi X. Biological Properties of Milk-Derived Extracellular Vesicles and Their Physiological Functions in Infant. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:693534. [PMID: 34249944 PMCID: PMC8267587 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.693534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are released by all cells under pathological and physiological conditions. EVs harbor various biomolecules, including protein, lipid, non-coding RNA, messenger RNA, and DNA. In 2007, mRNA and microRNA (miRNA) carried by EVs were found to have regulatory functions in recipient cells. The biological function of EVs has since then increasingly drawn interest. Breast milk, as the most important nutritional source for infants, contains EVs in large quantities. An increasing number of studies have provided the basis for the hypothesis associated with information transmission between mothers and infants via breast milk-derived EVs. Most studies on milk-derived EVs currently focus on miRNAs. Milk-derived EVs contain diverse miRNAs, which remain stable both in vivo and in vitro; as such, they can be absorbed across different species. Further studies have confirmed that miRNAs derived from milk-derived EVs can resist the acidic environment and enzymatic hydrolysis of the digestive tract; moreover, they can be absorbed by intestinal cells in infants to perform physiological functions. miRNAs derived from milk EVs have been reported in the maturation of immune cells, regulation of immune response, formation of neuronal synapses, and development of metabolic diseases such as obesity and diabetes. This article reviews current status and advances in milk-derived EVs, including their history, biogenesis, molecular contents, and biological functions. The effects of milk-derived EVs on growth and development in both infants and adults were emphasized. Finally, the potential application and future challenges of milk-derived EVs were discussed, providing comprehensive understanding and new insight into milk-derived EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Jiang
- Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China.,The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, China
| | - Lianghui You
- Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhenxing Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital With Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xianwei Cui
- Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Hong Zhong
- Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Xingzhen Sun
- The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, China
| | - Chenbo Ji
- Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Xia Chi
- Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
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48
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Melnik BC, Stremmel W, Weiskirchen R, John SM, Schmitz G. Exosome-Derived MicroRNAs of Human Milk and Their Effects on Infant Health and Development. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11060851. [PMID: 34200323 PMCID: PMC8228670 DOI: 10.3390/biom11060851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple biologically active components of human milk support infant growth, health and development. Milk provides a wide spectrum of mammary epithelial cell-derived extracellular vesicles (MEVs) for the infant. Although the whole spectrum of MEVs appears to be of functional importance for the growing infant, the majority of recent studies report on the MEV subfraction of milk exosomes (MEX) and their miRNA cargo, which are in the focus of this review. MEX and the dominant miRNA-148a play a key role in intestinal maturation, barrier function and suppression of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling and may thus be helpful for the prevention and treatment of necrotizing enterocolitis. MEX and their miRNAs reach the systemic circulation and may impact epigenetic programming of various organs including the liver, thymus, brain, pancreatic islets, beige, brown and white adipose tissue as well as bones. Translational evidence indicates that MEX and their miRNAs control the expression of global cellular regulators such as DNA methyltransferase 1-which is important for the up-regulation of developmental genes including insulin, insulin-like growth factor-1, α-synuclein and forkhead box P3-and receptor-interacting protein 140, which is important for the regulation of multiple nuclear receptors. MEX-derived miRNA-148a and miRNA-30b may stimulate the expression of uncoupling protein 1, the key inducer of thermogenesis converting white into beige/brown adipose tissue. MEX have to be considered as signalosomes derived from the maternal lactation genome emitted to promote growth, maturation, immunological and metabolic programming of the offspring. Deeper insights into milk's molecular biology allow the conclusion that infants are both "breast-fed" and "breast-programmed". In this regard, MEX miRNA-deficient artificial formula is not an adequate substitute for breastfeeding, the birthright of all mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bodo C. Melnik
- Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, University of Osnabrück, D-49076 Osnabrück, Germany;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-5241-988060
| | - Wolfgang Stremmel
- Private Praxis for Internal Medicine, Beethovenstraße 2, D-76530 Baden-Baden, Germany;
| | - Ralf Weiskirchen
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), RWTH University Hospital Aachen, D-52074 Aachen, Germany;
| | - Swen Malte John
- Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, University of Osnabrück, D-49076 Osnabrück, Germany;
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Dermatological Prevention and Rehabilitation (iDerm), University of Osnabrück, D-49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Gerd Schmitz
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital of Regensburg, University of Regensburg, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany;
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49
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Review of Methodological Approaches to Human Milk Small Extracellular Vesicle Proteomics. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11060833. [PMID: 34204944 PMCID: PMC8228857 DOI: 10.3390/biom11060833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteomics can map extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes, across disease states between organisms and cell types. Due to the diverse origin and cargo of EVs, tailoring methodological and analytical techniques can support the reproducibility of results. Proteomics scans are sensitive to in-sample contaminants, which can be retained during EV isolation procedures. Contaminants can also arise from the biological origin of exosomes, such as the lipid-rich environment in human milk. Human milk (HM) EVs and exosomes are emerging as a research interest in health and disease, though the experimental characterization and functional assays remain varied. Past studies of HM EV proteomes have used data-dependent acquisition methods for protein detection, however, improvements in data independent acquisition could allow for previously undetected EV proteins to be identified by mass spectrometry. Depending on the research question, only a specific population of proteins can be compared and measured using isotope and other labelling techniques. In this review, we summarize published HM EV proteomics protocols and suggest a methodological workflow with the end-goal of effective and reproducible analysis of human milk EV proteomes.
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50
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Yeruva L, Munblit D, Collado MC. Editorial: Impact of Early Life Nutrition on Immune System Development and Related Health Outcomes in Later Life. Front Immunol 2021; 12:668569. [PMID: 33841449 PMCID: PMC8027300 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.668569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Laxmi Yeruva
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States.,Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Daniel Munblit
- Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Child's Health, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia.,Inflammation, Repair and Development Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,Solov'ev Research and Clinical Center for Neuropsychiatry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria Carmen Collado
- Department of Biotechnology, Unit of Lactic Acid Bacteria and Probiotics, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
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