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Ratanayotha A, Iida A, Nomura J, Hondo E, Okamura Y, Kawai T. Insight into the function of voltage-sensing phosphatase in hindgut-derived pseudoplacenta of a viviparous teleost Xenotoca eiseni. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2024; 326:R461-R471. [PMID: 38557151 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00038.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Nutrient absorption is essential for animal survival and development. Our previous study on zebrafish reported that nutrient absorption in lysosome-rich enterocytes (LREs) is promoted by the voltage-sensing phosphatase (VSP), which regulates phosphoinositide (PIP) homeostasis via electrical signaling in biological membranes. However, it remains unknown whether this VSP function is shared by different absorptive tissues in other species. Here, we focused on the function of VSP in a viviparous teleost Xenotoca eiseni, whose intraovarian embryos absorb nutrients from the maternal ovarian fluid through a specialized hindgut-derived pseudoplacental structure called trophotaenia. Xenotoca eiseni VSP (Xe-VSP) is expressed in trophotaenia epithelium, an absorptive tissue functionally similar to zebrafish LREs. Notably, the apical distribution of Xe-VSP in trophotaenia epithelial cells closely resembles zebrafish VSP (Dr-VSP) distribution in zebrafish LREs, suggesting a shared role for VSP in absorptive tissues between the two species. Electrophysiological analysis using a heterologous expression system revealed that Xe-VSP preserves functional voltage sensors and phosphatase activity with the leftward shifted voltage sensitivity compared with zebrafish VSP (Dr-VSP). We also identified a single amino acid variation in the S4 helix of Xe-VSP as one of the factors contributing to the leftward shifted voltage sensitivity. This study highlights the biological variation and significance of VSP in various animal species, as well as hinting at the potential role of VSP in nutrient absorption in X. eiseni trophotaenia.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We investigate the voltage-sensing phosphatase (VSP) in Xenotoca eiseni, a viviparous fish whose intraovarian embryos utilize trophotaenia for nutrient absorption. Although X. eiseni VSP (Xe-VSP) shares key features with known VSPs, its distinct voltage sensitivity arises from species-specific amino acid variation. Xe-VSP in trophotaenia epithelium suggests its involvement in nutrient absorption, similar to VSP in zebrafish enterocytes and potentially in species with similar absorptive cells. Our findings highlight the potential role of VSP across species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adisorn Ratanayotha
- Laboratory of Integrative Physiology, Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Atsuo Iida
- Department of Animal Sciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Jumpei Nomura
- Department of Animal Sciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Eiichi Hondo
- Department of Animal Sciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yasushi Okamura
- Laboratory of Integrative Physiology, Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takafumi Kawai
- Laboratory of Integrative Physiology, Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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2
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Borgonovo J, Allende-Castro C, Medinas DB, Cárdenas D, Cuevas MP, Hetz C, Concha ML. Immunohistochemical characterisation of the adult Nothobranchius furzeri intestine. Cell Tissue Res 2024; 395:21-38. [PMID: 38015266 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-023-03845-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Nothobranchius furzeri is emerging as an exciting vertebrate organism in the field of biomedicine, developmental biology and ecotoxicology research. Its short generation time, compressed lifespan and accelerated ageing make it a versatile model for longitudinal studies with high traceability. Although in recent years the use of this model has increased enormously, there is still little information on the anatomy, morphology and histology of its main organs. In this paper, we present a description of the digestive system of N. furzeri, with emphasis on the intestine. We note that the general architecture of the intestinal tissue is shared with other vertebrates, and includes a folding mucosa, an outer muscle layer and a myenteric plexus. By immunohistochemical analysis, we reveal that the mucosa harbours the same type of epithelial cells observed in mammals, including enterocytes, goblet cells and enteroendocrine cells, and that the myenteric neurons express neurotransmitters common to other species, such as serotonin, substance P and tyrosine hydroxylase. In addition, we detect the presence of a proliferative compartment at the base of the intestinal folds. The description of the normal intestinal morphology provided here constitutes a baseline information to contrast with tissue alterations in future lines of research assessing pathologies, ageing-related diseases or damage caused by toxic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janina Borgonovo
- Integrative Biology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Santiago, Chile
- Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile
| | - Camilo Allende-Castro
- Integrative Biology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Santiago, Chile
- Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile
| | - Danilo B Medinas
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Santiago, Chile
- Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Deyanira Cárdenas
- Integrative Biology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile
- Medical Technology School, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - María Paz Cuevas
- Integrative Biology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile
- Medical Technology School, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudio Hetz
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Santiago, Chile
- Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
| | - Miguel L Concha
- Integrative Biology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Santiago, Chile.
- Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile.
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3
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Voltage-sensing phosphatase (Vsp) regulates endocytosis-dependent nutrient absorption in chordate enterocytes. Commun Biol 2022; 5:948. [PMID: 36088390 PMCID: PMC9464190 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03916-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Voltage-sensing phosphatase (Vsp) is a unique membrane protein that translates membrane electrical activities into the changes of phosphoinositide profiles. Vsp orthologs from various species have been intensively investigated toward their biophysical properties, primarily using a heterologous expression system. In contrast, the physiological role of Vsp in native tissues remains largely unknown. Here we report that zebrafish Vsp (Dr-Vsp), encoded by tpte gene, is functionally expressed on the endomembranes of lysosome-rich enterocytes (LREs) that mediate dietary protein absorption via endocytosis in the zebrafish mid-intestine. Dr-Vsp-deficient LREs were remarkably defective in forming endosomal vacuoles after initial uptake of dextran and mCherry. Dr-Vsp-deficient zebrafish exhibited growth restriction and higher mortality during the critical period when zebrafish larvae rely primarily on exogenous feeding via intestinal absorption. Furthermore, our comparative study on marine invertebrate Ciona intestinalis Vsp (Ci-Vsp) revealed co-expression with endocytosis-associated genes in absorptive epithelial cells of the Ciona digestive tract, corresponding to zebrafish LREs. These findings signify a crucial role of Vsp in regulating endocytosis-dependent nutrient absorption in specialized enterocytes across animal species. The physiological role of Vsp in zebrafish is assessed, revealing Vsp expression in the mid-intestine for dietary protein absorption. A comparative study on marine invertebrate Ciona intestinalis suggests conservation of Vsp function in the GI tract.
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4
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Vagner M, Boudry G, Courcot L, Vincent D, Dehaut A, Duflos G, Huvet A, Tallec K, Zambonino-Infante JL. Experimental evidence that polystyrene nanoplastics cross the intestinal barrier of European seabass. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 166:107340. [PMID: 35728410 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plastic pollution in marine ecosystems constitutes an important threat to marine life. For vertebrates, macro/microplastics can obstruct and/or transit into the airways and digestive tract whereas nanoplastics (NPs; < 1000 nm) have been observed in non-digestive tissues such as the liver and brain. Whether NPs cross the intestinal epithelium to gain access to the blood and internal organs remains controversial, however. Here, we show directly NP translocation across the intestinal barrier of a fish, the European seabass, Dicentrarchus labrax, ex vivo. The luminal side of median and distal segments of intestine were exposed to fluorescent polystyrene NPs (PS-NPs) of 50 nm diameter. PS-NPs that translocated to the serosal side were then detected quantitatively by fluorimetry, and qualitatively by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and pyrolysis coupled to gas chromatography and high-resolution mass spectrometry (Py-GC-HRMS). Fluorescence intensity on the serosal side increased 15-90 min after PS-NP addition into the luminal side, suggesting that PS-NPs crossed the intestinal barrier; this was confirmed by both SEM and Py-GC-HRMS. This study thus evidenced conclusively that NPs beads translocate across the intestinal epithelium in this marine vertebrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Vagner
- Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, LEMAR, F-29280 Plouzané, France.
| | - G Boudry
- Institut Numecan, INRAE, INSERM, Univ Rennes, F-35590 Saint-Gilles, France
| | - L Courcot
- Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, Université Littoral Côte d'Opale, University of Lille, CNRS, UMR 8187, LOG, 32 avenue Foch, F-62930 Wimereux, France
| | - D Vincent
- Office Français de la Biodiversité (OFB), Direction Surveillance Évaluation et Données (DSUED), Service Écosystèmes Connaissances et Usages des milieux marins (ECUMM), 16 quai de la Douane, F-29200 Brest, France
| | - A Dehaut
- ANSES Laboratoire de Sécurité des Aliments, 6 Boulevard du Bassin Napoléon, F-62200 Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
| | - G Duflos
- ANSES Laboratoire de Sécurité des Aliments, 6 Boulevard du Bassin Napoléon, F-62200 Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
| | - A Huvet
- Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, LEMAR, F-29280 Plouzané, France
| | - K Tallec
- Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, LEMAR, F-29280 Plouzané, France
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Lee PT, Yamamoto FY, Low CF, Loh JY, Chong CM. Gut Immune System and the Implications of Oral-Administered Immunoprophylaxis in Finfish Aquaculture. Front Immunol 2022; 12:773193. [PMID: 34975860 PMCID: PMC8716388 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.773193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal immune system plays an important role in immune homeostasis regulation. It regulates the symbiotic host-microbiome interactions by training and developing the host's innate and adaptive immunity. This interaction plays a vital role in host defence mechanisms and at the same time, balancing the endogenous perturbations of the host immune homeostasis. The fish gastrointestinal immune system is armed with intricate diffused gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALTs) that establish tolerance toward the enormous commensal gut microbiome while preserving immune responses against the intrusion of enteric pathogens. A comprehensive understanding of the intestinal immune system is a prerequisite for developing an oral vaccine and immunostimulants in aquaculture, particularly in cultured fish species. In this review, we outline the remarkable features of gut immunity and the essential components of gut-associated lymphoid tissue. The mechanistic principles underlying the antigen absorption and uptake through the intestinal epithelial, and the subsequent immune activation through a series of molecular events are reviewed. The emphasis is on the significance of gut immunity in oral administration of immunoprophylactics, and the different potential adjuvants that circumvent intestinal immune tolerance. Comprehension of the intestinal immune system is pivotal for developing effective fish vaccines that can be delivered orally, which is less labour-intensive and could improve fish health and facilitate disease management in the aquaculture industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Tsang Lee
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Fernando Y Yamamoto
- Thad Cochran National Warmwater Aquaculture Center, Mississippi Agriculture and Forestry Experiment Station, Mississippi State University, Stoneville, MS, United States
| | - Chen-Fei Low
- Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Jiun-Yan Loh
- Centre of Research for Advanced Aquaculture (CORAA), UCSI University, Cheras, Malaysia
| | - Chou-Min Chong
- Aquatic Animal Health and Therapeutics Laboratory (AquaHealth), Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
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Chaves APGDM, Oliveira MG, Paschoalini AL, Bazzoli N, Santos JED. Comparative analysis of the small and large intestines of Acará Geophagus brasiliensis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824) (Pisces: Cichlidae). Anat Histol Embryol 2021; 51:79-84. [PMID: 34792205 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Geophagus brasiliensis, popularly known as acará, is a common fish in lentic freshwater environments in South America. This species has a detritivorous-iliophagous or omnivorous feeding habit, with high food plasticity; however, there are no studies describing its intestinal tract histologically. Therefore, the present study analysed through histological and histochemical techniques the intestines of the acará. Adult specimens were collected with gillnets, anaesthetized and euthanized. Then, the fish were submitted to biometry and dissection to remove fragments of intestines. The samples were fixed in Bouin liquid for 12 hours and subjected to histological and histochemical techniques. Histologically, all samples of intestines were organized into four layers: mucosa, submucosa, muscular and serosa. The small intestine (foregut and midgut) was characterized by the presence of intestinal villi covered by simple prismatic epithelium with a striated border and goblet cells supported by the connective lamina propria. In the large intestine (hindgut), there was an absence of villi and an abundance of goblet cells. Positive reaction to Periodic Acid-Schiff (PAS) and Alcian Blue (AB) pH 2.5 reactions were detected in goblet cells, indicating the presence of mucosubstances. No lipids were detected in the intestine cells due to the negative reaction to the Sudan Black B. The results of the present study provide subsidies for a better understanding of the intestinal morphology of teleosts and provide valuable information for phylogenetic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maurício Gustavo Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia de Vertebrados, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Alessandro Loureiro Paschoalini
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia de Vertebrados, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Nilo Bazzoli
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia de Vertebrados, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - José Enemir Dos Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia de Vertebrados, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,PET Biologia - Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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7
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Picchietti S, Miccoli A, Fausto AM. Gut immunity in European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax): a review. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 108:94-108. [PMID: 33285171 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we summarize and discuss the trends and supporting findings in scientific literature on the gut mucosa immune role in European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.). Overall, the purpose is to provide an updated overview of the gastrointestinal tract functional regionalization and defence barriers. A description of the available information regarding immune cells found in two immunologically-relevant intestinal compartments, namely epithelium and lamina propria, is provided. Attention has been also paid to mucosal immunoglobulins and to the latest research investigating gut microbiota and dietary manipulation impacts. Finally, we review oral vaccination strategies, as a safe method for sea bass vaccine delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Picchietti
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest Systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy.
| | - A Miccoli
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest Systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - A M Fausto
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest Systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
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8
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Duan XD, Feng L, Jiang WD, Wu P, Liu Y, Jiang J, Tan BP, Yang QH, Kuang SY, Tang L, Zhou XQ. The dynamic process of dietary soybean β-conglycinin in digestion, absorption, and metabolism among different intestinal segments in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2020; 46:1361-1374. [PMID: 32221767 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-020-00794-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the dynamic process of soybean β-conglycinin in digestion, absorption, and metabolism in the intestine of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). Fish fed with 80 g β-conglycinin/kg diet for 7 weeks, the intestinal digestive enzyme was extracted to hydrolyze β-conglycinin in vitro, the free amino acid and its metabolism product contents in intestinal segments were analyzed. The present study first found that β-conglycinin cannot be thoroughly digested by fish intestine digestive enzyme and produces new products (about 60- and 55-kDa polypeptides). The indigestible β-conglycinin further caused the free amino acid imbalance, especially caused free essential amino acid deficiency in the proximal intestine but excess in the distal intestine. Moreover, these results might be partly associated with the effect of β-conglycinin in amino acid transporters and tight junction-regulated paracellular pathway. Finally, dietary β-conglycinin increased the content of amino acid catabolism by-product ammonia while decreased the amino acid anabolism product carnosine content in the proximal intestine and distal intestine. Thus, the current study first and systemically explored the dynamic process of β-conglycinin in digestion, absorption, and metabolism, which further supported our previous study that dietary β-conglycinin suppressed fish growth and caused intestine injure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Dong Duan
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Lin Feng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Key laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Wei-Dan Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Key laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Pei Wu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Key laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Key laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Bei-Ping Tan
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Qi-Hui Yang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Sheng-Yao Kuang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Ling Tang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Xiao-Qiu Zhou
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
- Key laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan Province, China.
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Zhang YL, Duan XD, Jiang WD, Feng L, Wu P, Liu Y, Jiang J, Kuang SY, Tang L, Tang WN, Zhou XQ. Soybean glycinin decreased growth performance, impaired intestinal health, and amino acid absorption capacity of juvenile grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2019; 45:1589-1602. [PMID: 31256306 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-019-00648-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The present study evaluated the influence of dietary soybean glycinin on growth performance, intestinal morphology, free intestinal amino acid (AA) content, and intestinal AA transporter (AAT) mRNA levels in juvenile grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). Results were displayed as follows: (1) 8% dietary glycinin decreased growth performance, inhibited intestinal growth, and caused intestinal histology damage of grass carp; (2) dietary glycinin decreased the content of free neutral AAs including Val, Ser, Tyr, Ala, Pro, and Gln in all intestinal segments, and Thr, Ile, Leu, Phe, and Gly in the MI and DI while downregulated the mRNA levels of corresponding transporters including SLC38A2, SLC6A19b, and SLC6A14 in all intestinal segments, and SLC7A5, SLC7A8, and SLC1A5 in the MI and DI. Dietary glycinin decreased the content of free basic AAs including Arg in the MI and DI and His in all intestinal segments while downregulated cationic AAT SLC7A1 mRNA levels in the MI and DI. Dietary glycinin decreased the content of free acidic AAs including Glu in all intestinal segments and Asp in the MI and DI while decreased mRNA levels of corresponding transporters including SLC1A2a in all intestinal segments and SLC1A3 in the MI and DI; (3) the digestion trial showed that basic subunits of glycinin was hard to digest in the intestine of grass carp; (4) co-administration of glutamine with glycinin partially alleviated the negative effects. Overall, glycinin decreased intestinal AA absorption capacity partly contributed by decreased AATs' mRNA levels and the indigestibility of glycinin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Lin Zhang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Xu-Dong Duan
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei-Dan Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Lin Feng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Pei Wu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Sheng-Yao Kuang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Ling Tang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Wu-Neng Tang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Xiao-Qiu Zhou
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
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Løkka G, Koppang EO. Antigen sampling in the fish intestine. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 64:138-149. [PMID: 26872546 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2016.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Antigen uptake in the gastrointestinal tract may induce tolerance, lead to an immune response and also to infection. In mammals, most pathogens gain access to the host though the gastrointestinal tract, and in fish as well, this route seems to be of significant importance. The epithelial surface faces a considerable challenge, functioning both as a barrier towards the external milieu but simultaneously being the site of absorption of nutrients and fluids. The mechanisms allowing antigen uptake over the epithelial barrier play a central role for maintaining the intestinal homeostasis and regulate appropriate immune responses. Such uptake has been widely studied in mammals, but also in fish, a number of experiments have been reported, seeking to reveal cells and mechanisms involved in antigen sampling. In this paper, we review these studies in addition to addressing our current knowledge of the intestinal barrier in fish and its anatomical construction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guro Løkka
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ullevålsveien 72, 0454 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Erling Olaf Koppang
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ullevålsveien 72, 0454 Oslo, Norway.
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Purushothaman K, Lau D, Saju JM, Musthaq SK S, Lunny DP, Vij S, Orbán L. Morpho-histological characterisation of the alimentary canal of an important food fish, Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer). PeerJ 2016; 4:e2377. [PMID: 27635341 PMCID: PMC5012279 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer) is a food fish of increasing aquaculture importance. In order to improve our understanding on the digestive system and feeding of this species, morphological and histological features of the gut were studied. Morphologically, the Asian seabass gut is defined by a short and muscular esophagus, well-developed stomach and comparatively short intestine. Mucous secreting goblet cells reactive to PAS (Periodic Acid Schiff) and AB (Alcian Blue) stain were present throughout the esophagus. The stomach was sac-like and could be distinguished into the cardiac, fundic and pyloric regions. Gastric glands and mucus cells were predominately present in the cardiac and fundic regions. Five finger-like pyloric caeca were present between the stomach and intestine. The intestine was a short, tubular structure with no morphological differences between the various regions. Histologically, the intestinal regions were similar, the main difference being in the number of goblet cells that increased from anterior to posterior intestine, with 114 ± 9, 153 ± 7 and 317 ± 21 goblet cells in the anterior, mid and posterior regions, respectively. The intestinal epithelium stained positively for PAS, but the staining was stronger for acidic glycoproteins. The rectum was similar to intestine, except for increased goblet cell numbers (anterior rectum: 529 ± 26; posterior rectum: 745 ± 29). Gut morpho-histology did not respond to salinity changes, however, there was a significant reduction of mucosal height, goblet cell numbers and muscularis thickness upon food deprivation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Doreen Lau
- Reproductive Genomics Group, Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jolly M. Saju
- Reproductive Genomics Group, Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Syed Musthaq SK
- Reproductive Genomics Group, Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Declan Patrick Lunny
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Research and Technology, Singapore
| | - Shubha Vij
- Reproductive Genomics Group, Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, Singapore, Singapore
| | - László Orbán
- Reproductive Genomics Group, Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, Singapore, Singapore
- Centre for Comparative Genomics, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia
- Department of Animal Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Georgikon Faculty, University of Pannonia, Keszthely, Hungary
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Luo JB, Feng L, Jiang WD, Liu Y, Wu P, Jiang J, Kuang SY, Tang L, Zhang YA, Zhou XQ. The impaired intestinal mucosal immune system by valine deficiency for young grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) is associated with decreasing immune status and regulating tight junction proteins transcript abundance in the intestine. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 40:197-207. [PMID: 25014314 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2014.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Revised: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of dietary valine on the growth, intestinal immune response, tight junction proteins transcript abundance and gene expression of immune-related signaling molecules in the intestine of young grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). Six iso-nitrogenous diets containing graded levels of valine (4.3-19.1 g kg(-)(1) diet) were fed to the fish for 8 weeks. The results showed that percentage weight gain (PWG), feed intake and feed efficiency of fish were the lowest in fish fed the valine-deficient diet (P < 0.05). In addition, valine deficiency decreased lysozyme, acid phosphatase activities and complement 3 content in the intestine (P < 0.05), down-regulated mRNA levels of interleukin 10, transforming growth factor β1, IκBα and target of rapamycin (TOR) (P < 0.05), and up-regulated tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin 8 and nuclear factor κB P65 (NF-κB P65) gene expression (P < 0.05). Additionally, valine deficiency significantly decreased transcript of Occludin, Claudin b, Claudin c, Claudin 3, and ZO-1 (P < 0.05), and improved Claudin 15 expression in the fish intestine (P < 0.05). However, valine did not have a significant effect on expression of Claudin 12 in the intestine of grass carp (P > 0.05). In conclusion, valine deficiency decreased fish growth and intestinal immune status, as well as regulated gene expression of tight junction proteins, NF-κB P65, IκBα and TOR in the fish intestine. Based on the quadratic regression analysis of lysozyme activity or PWG, the dietary valine requirement of young grass carp (268-679 g) were established to be 14.47 g kg(-1) diet (4.82 g 100 g(-1) CP) or 14.00 g kg(-1) diet (4.77 g 100 g(-1) CP), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Bo Luo
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Lin Feng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Wei-Dan Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Pei Wu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Sheng-Yao Kuang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Ling Tang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Yong-An Zhang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xiao-Qiu Zhou
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
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Kužir S, Gjurčević E, Nejedli S, Baždarić B, Kozarić Z. Morphological and histochemical study of intestine in wild and reared European eel (Anguilla anguilla L.). FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2012; 38:625-633. [PMID: 21818542 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-011-9543-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2011] [Accepted: 07/26/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Diet-related differences between the ratio of intestine length to body size and the enzymatic activity in the intestinal tract of wild and reared European eel (Anguilla anguilla L.) were studied. Compared with reared eel, wild eel showed significantly shorter relative intestine length. For the purpose of histochemical examination, different parts (anterior, middle and posterior) of intestine proper were used. Activities of non-specific esterase, alkaline and acid phosphatase, and aminopeptidase were examined in each segment. All enzymes were present in the intestines of both wild and reared European eel. Fish from both groups showed similar enzyme distribution within the enterocytes, but distribution and intensity of enzyme activity along the intestine vary depending on the group. Generally, reared European eel showed highest enzymatic activity and wider distribution of enzymes throughout all parts of the intestine. These results suggest that different diets could be one of the reasons for observed changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kužir
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, Zagreb, Croatia.
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Rombout JHWM, Abelli L, Picchietti S, Scapigliati G, Kiron V. Teleost intestinal immunology. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 31:616-26. [PMID: 20832474 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2010.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 309] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2010] [Revised: 08/24/2010] [Accepted: 09/02/2010] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Teleosts clearly have a more diffuse gut associated lymphoid system, which is morphological and functional clearly different from the mammalian GALT. All immune cells necessary for a local immune response are abundantly present in the gut mucosa of the species studied and local immune responses can be monitored after intestinal immunization. Fish do not produce IgA, but a special mucosal IgM isotype seems to be secreted and may (partly) be the recently described IgZ/IgT. Fish produce a pIgR in their mucosal tissues but it is smaller (2 ILD) than the 4-5 ILD pIgR of higher vertebrates. Whether teleost pIgR is transcytosed and cleaved off in the same way needs further investigation, especially because a secretory component (SC) is only reported in one species. Teleosts also have high numbers of IEL, most of them are CD3-ɛ+/CD8-α+ and have cytotoxic and/or regulatory function. Possibly many of these cells are TCRγδ cells and they may be involved in the oral tolerance induction observed in fish. Innate immune cells can be observed in the teleost gut from first feeding onwards, but B cells appear much later in mucosal compartments compared to systemic sites. Conspicuous is the very early presence of putative T cells or their precursors in the fish gut, which together with the rag-1 expression of intestinal lymphoid cells may be an indication for an extra-thymic development of certain T cells. Teleosts can develop enteritis in their antigen transporting second gut segment and epithelial cells, IEL and eosinophils/basophils seem to play a crucial role in this intestinal inflammation model. Teleost intestine can be exploited for oral vaccination strategies and probiotic immune stimulation. A variety of encapsulation methods, to protect vaccines against degradation in the foregut, are reported with promising results but in most cases they appear not to be cost effective yet. Microbiota in fish are clearly different from terrestrial animals. In the past decade a fast increasing number of papers is dedicated to the oral administration of a variety of probiotics that can have a strong health beneficial effect, but much more attention has to be paid to the immune mechanisms behind these effects. The recent development of gnotobiotic fish models may be very helpful to study the immune effects of microbiota and probiotics in teleosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan H W M Rombout
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen Institute of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Why can't young fish eat plants? Neither digestive enzymes nor gut development preclude herbivory in the young of a stomachless marine herbivorous fish. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2011; 158:23-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2010.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2010] [Revised: 09/03/2010] [Accepted: 09/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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17
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Inami M, Taverne-Thiele AJ, Schrøder MB, Kiron V, Rombout JHWM. Immunological differences in intestine and rectum of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 26:751-759. [PMID: 19332137 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2009.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2008] [Revised: 03/05/2009] [Accepted: 03/08/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The defence system of the distal gut (hindgut and rectum) of Atlantic cod, (Gadus morhua L.) was studied using (immuno)histochemical, electron microscopical and real-time quantitative PCR techniques. The uptake and transport of macromolecules in the intestinal epithelium was also investigated. In this study we observed that cod has many and large goblet cells in its intestinal epithelium and that IgM(+) cells are present in the lamina propria and their number is considerably higher in the rectum than in the intestine. Myeloperoxidase staining revealed low numbers of granulocytes in and under the epithelium of the distal intestine, whereas high numbers were found clustered in the submucosa of the rectum. Electron microscopy not only confirmed these observations, but also revealed the presence of lymphoid cells and macrophages within the intestinal epithelium. Acid phosphatase staining demonstrated more positive macrophage-like cells in the rectum than in the distal intestine. Antigen uptake studies showed a diffused absorption of horse radish peroxidase (HRP) and LTB-GFP, whereas ferritin uptake could not be detected. Basal gene expression of cytokines (IL-1beta, IL-8 and IL-10) and immune relevant molecules (hepcidin and BPI/LPB) were compared in both the intestine and rectum and revealed approximately 2-9 times higher expression in the rectum, of which IL-1beta expression showed the most prominent difference. The present results clearly indicate that intestinal immunity is very prominent in the rectum of cod.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Inami
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Bodø University College, 8049 Bodø, Norway
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Santos CM, Duarte S, Souza TGL, Ribeiro TP, Sales A, Araújo FG. Histologia e caracterização histoquímica do tubo gastrintestinal de Pimelodus maculatus (Pimelodidae, Siluriformes) no reservatório de Funil, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. IHERINGIA. SERIE ZOOLOGIA 2007. [DOI: 10.1590/s0073-47212007000400009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
As estruturas teciduais do trato gastrintestinal de Pimelodus maculatus La Cepède, 1803, do reservatório de Funil (22º30'-22º35'S; 44º35'- 44º40'W) foram descritas através das técnicas de hematoxilina-eosina (HE), tricômico Gomori, ácido Periódico de Schiff (PAS) e alcian blue (AB) pH 2,5. Objetivou-se a detecção de glicoproteínas (GPs) na mucosa através de uma análise histoquímica e caracterização de possíveis alterações ao longo do trato digestório destes peixes neste sistema de elevado grau de alteração. Cinqüenta e quatro indivíduos adultos, coletados entre abril de 2003 e julho de 2004 (CT=19-38 cm) foram utilizados. Na cavidade bucofaríngea, a mucosa apresenta-se com pregas longitudinais e o epitélio é do tipo estratificado pavimentoso. O esôfago apresenta o mesmo tipo de epitélio da cavidade bucofaríngea, destacando-se a predominância de células mucosas que tiveram forte reação aos métodos utilizados. O estômago foi diferenciado em região cárdica, fúndica e pilórica. A mucosa é continuamente revestida por um epitélio simples cilíndrico que apresentou reação positiva ao AB e PAS somente na superfície apical das células; a lâmina própria possui glândulas tubulares que se ramificam gradativamente e consistem de um tipo celular denominado oxinticopépticas, relacionadas com a síntese de ácido clorídrico e pepsinogênio. O intestino apresenta vilosidades revestidas por um epitélio simples cilíndrico com planura estriada e células caliciformes. Na camada submucosa do duodeno foi observada a abertura do colédoco, sendo o epitélio do tipo simples cilíndrico sem células caliciformes, positivo tanto ao PAS quanto ao AB. O ambiente eutrófico do reservatório de Funil não parece influenciar os padrões morfológicos das estruturas (esôfago, estômago e intestino) e não foram observadas modificações nas atividades das células mucosas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarice M. Santos
- Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro; Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro
| | - Silvana Duarte
- Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro; Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro
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20
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Fat absorptive processes in the intestine of the Antarctic fish Notothenia coriiceps (Richardson, 1844). Polar Biol 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-006-0121-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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21
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Gawlicka AK, Horn MH. Storage and Absorption in the Digestive System of Carnivorous and Herbivorous Prickleback Fishes (Teleostei: Stichaeidae): Ontogenetic, Dietary, and Phylogenetic Effects. Physiol Biochem Zool 2005; 78:879-92. [PMID: 16228928 DOI: 10.1086/432851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/24/2005] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The effects of ontogeny, diet, and phylogeny on glycogen storage levels and esterase and alkaline phosphatase activities in four related prickleback fishes were determined in situ using quantitative histochemistry. Of these species, Cebidichthys violaceus and Xiphister mucosus shift from carnivory to herbivory at approximately 45 mm standard length (SL), whereas Xiphister atropurpureus and Anoplarchus purpurescens remain carnivores. Comparisons between small (30-40 mm SL) and larger (60-75 mm SL) wild-caught juveniles showed that glycogen storage levels and alkaline phosphatase activity were unchanged with ontogeny. Comparisons between the larger wild-caught juveniles and juveniles of the same size that had been raised on a high-protein animal diet revealed that glycogen storage level and alkaline phosphatase activity increased in all species in response to this diet. Esterase activity also increased in response to the high-protein animal diet in all four species but increased with ontogeny only in C. violaceus, X. mucosus, and X. atropurpureus, in the xiphisterine clade, and not in A. purpurescens, in the adjacent alectriine clade. Xiphister mucosus and X. atropurpureus showed indistinguishable responses in esterase activity to ontogeny and diet despite their divergent natural diets. Overall, glycogen storage level and alkaline phosphatase activity responded primarily to diet, whereas esterase activity was also influenced by ontogeny and phylogeny and differed between intestinal regions among the species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna K Gawlicka
- Department of Biological Science, California State University, Fullerton, CA, 92834-6850, USA
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Schindler JF. Scavenger receptors facilitate protein transport in the trophotaenial placenta of the goodeid fish, Ameca splendens (Teleostei: Atheriniformes). JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY. PART A, COMPARATIVE EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY 2003; 299:197-212. [PMID: 12975808 DOI: 10.1002/jez.a.10281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In the goodeid placental analogue, trophotaeniae provide extraembryonic gut-derived exchange surfaces. Ameca splendens embryos possess endocytosing trophotaeniae that are capable of absorbing a dazzling array of proteinaceous substances. The iron core protein, native ferritin (NF), and several radioiodinated proteinaceous substances were used to study ligand and binding site pathways in the trophotaenial absorptive cells (TACs). Time sequence analysis of NF trafficking indicated an exclusively lysosomal pathway. Binding to TACs of NF was completely inhibitable by proteins containing multiple lysine residues such as apoferritin, bovine serum albumin (BSA), human transferrin (HTf), fetuin, hemoglobin, myoglobin, cytochrome c, ubiquitin, parvalbumin as well as the random copolymers, poly(Glu,Lys,Tyr)6:3:1 and poly(D-Glu,D-Lys)6:4. Peptide hormones and pepsin that contains only one lysine residue did not produce inhibitory effects. Radiolabels such as (125)I-BSA, (125)I-HTf and (125)I-poly(Glu,Lys,Tyr) bound to trophotaeniae in a specific saturable manner. Any two proteins were shown to hinder one another in getting hold of a binding site. Concentration-dependent (125)I-BSA binding and Scatchard analysis of the data revealed both low- and medium-affinity binding with apparent dissociation constants, K(d)s, of 3.4 x 10(-5) M and 2 x 10(-7) M, respectively. Binding of NF and radioiodinated proteins was inhibited in the presence of a large excess of L-Lys, D-Lys, and several dipeptides containing Lys. Both Ca(2+)-depletion and low pH dramatically reduced the TACs' capacity to bind proteins. The effects of acidotropic agents included a reversible loss of surface protein binding sites, tremendous vacuolation, and the arrest of lysosomal degradation. Collectively, present results demonstrate that TACs bind and absorb multiple proteinaceous substances through a mechanism satisfying the criteria of receptor-mediated endocytosis. It is concluded that scavenger protein binding sites are used to ingest proteins for lysosomal degradation, helping to meet the embryos' amino acid requirement.
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Schep LJ, Tucker IG, Young G, Ledger R, Butt AG. Controlled release opportunities for oral peptide delivery in aquaculture. J Control Release 1999; 59:1-14. [PMID: 10210717 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-3659(98)00175-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Over the last decade, fish supplies for human consumption have reached over 100 million tons. Due to overfishing, future increases in demand can only be met from the aquaculture industry. This will require increased research in areas such as the control and manipulation of fish reproduction. There is increasing interest in the oral delivery of peptides that control gamete reproduction. However, compared to mammalian species, little is known about the barriers to peptide delivery and methods to improve such delivery. The three major barriers to peptide delivery are the enzymatic barriers sourced from the host luminal and membrane bound peptidases, the immunological cells present within both the enterocytes and underlying connective tissue and the physical barrier of the epithelial cells. Furthermore, the anatomy and physiology of the gastrointestinal tract of these species are markedly different when compared to higher vertebrates and therefore must be considered when designing appropriate delivery systems. Research to date has focused on the oral delivery and subsequent pharmacodynamic responses to the peptides associated with growth and reproduction. However, minimal work has been undertaken to overcome the identified barriers and therefore any future investigations need to attend to these obstacles before the oral delivery of bioactive peptides can become a commercial reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J Schep
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, P.O. Box 913, Dunedin, New Zealand.
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25
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Okuda R, Sasayama Y, Suzuki N, Kambegawa A, Srivastav AK. Calcitonin cells in the intestine of goldfish and a comparison of the number of cells among saline-fed, soup-fed, or high Ca soup-fed fishes. Gen Comp Endocrinol 1999; 113:267-73. [PMID: 10082629 DOI: 10.1006/gcen.1998.7195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Calcitonin-immunoreactive cells were found in the intestine of goldfish. These cells were distributed mainly in the anterior part of the intestine, dispersed in the intestinal epithelium. The nucleus was located in the basal portion of the serosal side, and the cytoplasm was elongated to the luminal side. From the anterior part of the intestine, cDNA fragments with the same nucleotide sequence as that of the goldfish calcitonin gene were amplified by RT-PCR method. After administration of one of three kinds of solutions (saline, consommé soup, or high Ca consommé soup) into the digestive tract of the goldfish, the number of those cells was the largest in the consommé group at 6 h after ingestion, although blood Ca levels were the highest in the high Ca consommé group. The function of calcitonin cells in the intestine may be to restrain the acute absorption of nutrients and not to control blood Ca levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Okuda
- Faculty of Science, Kanazawa University, Ogi-Uchiura, Ishikawa, 927-0553, Japan
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26
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Nachi AM, Hernandez-Blazquez FJ, Barbieri RL, Leite RG, Ferri S, Phan MT. Intestinal histology of a detritivorous (iliophagous) fish Prochilodus scrofa (characiformes, prochilodontidae). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-4339(98)80002-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Sarasquete MC, Polo A, Gonzalez de Canales ML. A histochemical and immunohistochemical study of digestive enzymes and hormones during the larval development of the sea bream, Sparus aurata L. THE HISTOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 1993; 25:430-7. [PMID: 7689548 DOI: 10.1007/bf00157807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The distribution of different hydrolytic enzymes and the localization of the hormones which regulate glucose metabolism during development of the digestive tract of the sea bream, Sparus aurata L., were studied. The yolk sac contains trypsin, glucose-6-phosphatase, ATPases and acid and alkaline phosphatase activities. Positive insulin, glucagon and somatostatin cells were observed in the pancreas and in the lumen of the intestinal tract during endogenous feeding. From hatching until 3 days later, the digestive tract of sea bream larvae shows no enzymatic activities. During exogenous feeding, the activities of the phosphatases and trypsin generally increase, as do the amounts of the hydrolytic enzymes and trypsin, as well as the pancreatic and intestinal hormones. The enzymatic activities gradually decrease from the anterior part towards the posterior part of the digestive tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Sarasquete
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucía, Polígono del Río San Pedro, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
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Abaurrea M, Nuñez M, Ostos M. Ultrastructural study of the Distal part of the intestine of Oncorhynchus mykiss. Absorption of dietary protein. Micron 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/0968-4328(93)90022-s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Burkhardt-Holm P, Holmgren S. A Study of the Alimentary Canal of the Brachyopterygian FishPolypterus senegaluswith Electron Microscopy and Immunohistochemistry. ACTA ZOOL-STOCKHOLM 1992. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-6395.1992.tb00952.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Vera MI, Romero F, Amthauer R, Figueroa J, Goicoechea O, Leon G, Krauskopf M. Carp apolipoprotein a-i intestinal absorption and transfer into the systemic circulation during the acclimatization of the carp (Cyprinus carpio). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/0300-9629(92)90511-n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Grabner M, Hofer R. Stomach digestion and its effect upon protein hydrolysis in the intestine of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri Richardson). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/0300-9629(89)90745-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Schindler JF, De Vries U. Protein uptake and transport by trophotaenial absorptive cells in two species of goodeid embryos. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1987. [DOI: 10.1002/jez.1402410104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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McLean E, Ash R. The time-course of appearance and net accumulation of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) presented orally to rainbow trout Salmo gairdneri (Richardson). COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. A, COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY 1987; 88:507-10. [PMID: 2892625 DOI: 10.1016/0300-9629(87)90072-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
1. A sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique was used in order to determine horseradish peroxidase (HRP) uptake from the rainbow trout gut. 2. HRP was detected in blood plasma and various tissues within 15 min of oral intubation. 3. The time-course of net accumulation (uptake-degradation) over a 75 min period was recorded. 4. The presence of HRP reached a maximum in the body tissues approximately 45 min after intubation and on a ng/g weight basis the order of accumulation within the tissues was liver greater than spleen = kidney greater than plasma greater than heart. 5. The total organ accumulation (net) was in the order liver greater than plasma greater than kidney greater than spleen greater than heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- E McLean
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Bradford, West Yorkshire, UK
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McLean E, Ash R. The time-course of appearance and net accumulation of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) presented orally to juvenile carp Cyprinus carpio (L.). COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. A, COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY 1986; 84:687-90. [PMID: 2875835 DOI: 10.1016/0300-9629(86)90388-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique was used in order to determine horseradish peroxidase (HRP) uptake from the carp gut. HRP was detected in blood plasma and various tissues within 15 min of oral intubation. The time-course of net accumulation (uptake-degradation) over a 2 hr period was recorded. The presence of HRP reached a maximum in the body tissues approximately 1 hr after intubation and on a microgram/g wet weight basis the order of accumulation within the tissues was spleen greater than kidney greater than liver. The total organ accumulation (net) was in the order liver greater than kidney greater than spleen.
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Langille RM, Youson JH. Morphology of the intestine of prefeeding and feeding adult Lampreys,Petromyzon marinus L.: The mucosa of the diverticulum, anterior intestine, and transition zone. J Morphol 1984; 182:39-61. [DOI: 10.1002/jmor.1051820103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Rombout JH, Stroband HW, Taverne-Thiele JJ. Proliferation and differentiation of intestinal epithelial cells during development of Barbus conchonius (Teleostei, Cyprinidae). Cell Tissue Res 1984; 236:207-16. [PMID: 6713508 DOI: 10.1007/bf00216533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The processes of proliferation, cell division and differentiation of intestinal epithelial cells have been studied during development of the fish, Barbus conchonius. On the 3rd day, nearly all cells of the presumptive gut proliferate. Once the intestinal epithelium begins to differentiate, a decreasing percentage of proliferative cells can be found. On the 7th day, when intestinal folds start to develop, the proliferative cells become restricted to the future basal parts of the folds. Ultrastructural examination of 3H-thymidine-labeled cells and mitotic cells of 6-day-old larvae shows that functional enterocytes are proliferative. The same feature is suggested for older fish. Proliferating undifferentiated "dark" cells, characterized by many free ribosomes and a few organelles, are also present in the intestinal epithelium of larval fish; they are considered to be stem cells, mainly for goblet cells. Proliferating goblet cells and enteroendocrine cells were not observed. The latter cell type is scarce and has a long turnover time. A common feature of all these dividing cells is the presence of isolated spherical to cylindrical lamellar structures which may have lost contact with the cell membrane during prophase; they probably regain this contact by fusion with the cell membrane at the end of mitosis.
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Sibbing FA. Pharyngeal mastication and food transport in the carp (Cyprinus carpio L.): A cineradiographic and electromyographic study. J Morphol 1982; 172:223-258. [DOI: 10.1002/jmor.1051720208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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