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Ashford MT, Zhu D, Bride J, McLean E, Aaronson A, Conti C, Cypress C, Griffin P, Ross R, Duncan T, Deng X, Ulbricht A, Fockler J, Camacho MR, Flenniken D, Truran D, Mackin SR, Hill C, Weiner MW, Byrd D, Turner Ii RW, Cham H, Rivera Mindt M, Nosheny RL. Understanding Online Registry Facilitators and Barriers Experienced by Black Brain Health Registry Participants: The Community Engaged Digital Alzheimer's Research (CEDAR) Study. J Prev Alzheimers Dis 2023; 10:551-561. [PMID: 37357297 PMCID: PMC10395260 DOI: 10.14283/jpad.2023.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Failure of Alzheimer's disease and related diseases (ADRD) research studies to include and engage Black participants is a major issue, which limits the impact and generalizability of research findings. Little is known about participation of Black adults in online ADRD-related research registries. OBJECTIVES As part of the Community Engaged Digital Alzheimer's Research (CEDAR) Study, this study aims to increase our understanding of facilitators and barriers of Black adults to participating in ADRD-related online registries, as well as to understand their preferences for communication channels. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, MEASUREMENTS We invited all Black participants enrolled in the Brain Health Registry (BHR) to complete a cross-sectional online survey. The survey consisted of rating scales and open-text questions asking about their attitudes towards brain health research, reasons for joining and continuing to participate in BHR, difficulties with participating, and preferences for modes of contact and website usage. RESULTS Of all invited Black BHR participants (N=3,636), 198 (5.5%) completed the survey. The mean age was 58.4 (SD=11.3), mean years of education were 16.3 (SD=2.4), and 85.5% identified as female. Reported facilitators for joining and continuing to participate in BHR were personal interest (e.g., learning more about own brain health) and altruism (e.g., helping research). Among additional registry features which could encourage return, receiving feedback or scores about BHR tasks was rated the highest. Of those who found BHR participation difficult (21%), the most frequent reason was time burden. The most preferred way of receiving study information was via email. Participants reported that the websites that they used the most were YouTube and Facebook. DISCUSSION The results of our study can inform the development of culturally-responsive registry features and engagement efforts to improve inclusion and participation of Black adults in online ADRD research. Providing participants with feedback about their registry performance and reducing the number of registry tasks are among the recommended strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Ashford
- Miriam Ashford, 4150 Clement St, San Francisco, CA 94121, , Phone: (415) 750-6954, Fax number: (415) 750-9358
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Breen RAM, McLean E, Lipman MCI, Santis G. P24 Diagnosing tuberculosis using EBUS–Cytology is not enough: Abstract P24 Table 1. Thorax 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2013-204457.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Neat MJ, Foot NJ, Hicks A, Breen R, Wilkins B, McLean E, Santis G. ALKrearrangements in EBUS-derived transbronchial needle aspiration cytology in lung cancer. Cytopathology 2013; 24:356-64. [DOI: 10.1111/cyt.12060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M. J. Neat
- Cytogenetics Unit; GSTS Pathology; Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust; London UK
| | - N. J. Foot
- Cytogenetics Unit; GSTS Pathology; Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust; London UK
| | - A. Hicks
- Division of Asthma, Allergy & Lung Biology; King's College London; Guy's Hospital; London UK
| | - R. Breen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine; Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust; London UK
| | - B. Wilkins
- Department of Cellular Pathology; Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust; London UK
| | - E. McLean
- Department of Cellular Pathology; Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust; London UK
| | - G. Santis
- Division of Asthma, Allergy & Lung Biology; King's College London; Guy's Hospital; London UK
- Department of Respiratory Medicine; Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust; London UK
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Lee R, Cousins DJ, Ortiz-Zapater E, Breen R, McLean E, Santis G. Gene expression profiling of endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS)-derived cytological fine needle aspirates from hilar and mediastinal lymph nodes in non-small cell lung cancer. Cytopathology 2012; 24:351-5. [PMID: 23216930 DOI: 10.1111/cyt.12034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) allows minimally invasive sampling of hilar and mediastinal lymph nodes and has an established role in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) diagnosis and staging. Molecular biomarkers are being explored increasingly in lung cancer research. Gene expression profiling (GEP) is a microarray-based technology that comprehensively assesses genome-wide changes in gene expression that can provide tumour-specific molecular signatures with the potential to predict prognosis and treatment responsiveness. We assessed the feasibility of using EBUS-derived aspirates from benign and tumour-infiltrated lymph nodes for GEP. METHODS RNA was extracted from EBUS-directed transbronchial fine needle aspiration samples in routine clinical practice. GEP was subsequently performed in six patients with NSCLC, three of whom had tumour-infiltrated nodes and three who had benign lymph nodes; the differences in gene expression were then compared. RESULTS RNA was successfully extracted in 29 of 32 patients, 12 of whom were diagnosed with NSCLC. RNA yield (median, 12.1 μg) and RNA integrity (median, 6.3) were sufficient after amplification for GEP. Benign and malignant nodes in adenocarcinoma were discriminated by principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering with different expression patterns between malignant and benign nodes. CONCLUSION We have demonstrated the feasibility of RNA extraction and GEP on EBUS-derived transbronchial fine needle aspirates from benign and tumour-infiltrated lymph nodes in patients with known NSCLC in routine clinical practice. Further studies on larger patient cohorts are required to identify expression profiles that robustly differentiate benign from malignant lymph nodes in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Lee
- Department of Asthma Allergy and Respiratory Science, King's College LondonDivision of Asthma, Allergy & Lung Biology, King's College London, London, UKMRC & Asthma UK Centre for Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, UKDepartment of Respiratory MedicineDepartment of Cellular Pathology, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Jensen RL, Abraham S, Hu N, Jensen RL, Boulay JL, Leu S, Frank S, Vassella E, Vajtai I, von Felten S, Taylor E, Schulz M, Hutter G, Sailer M, Hench J, Mariani L, van Thuijl HF, Scheinin I, van Essen DF, Heimans JJ, Wesseling P, Ylstra B, Reijneveld JC, Borges AR, Larrubia PL, Marques JMB, Cerdan SG, Brastianos P, Horowitz P, Santagata S, Jones RT, McKenna A, Getz G, Ligon K, Palescandolo E, Van Hummelen P, Stemmer-Rachamimov A, Louis D, Hahn WC, Dunn I, Beroukhim R, Guan X, Vengoechea J, Zheng S, Sloan A, Chen Y, Brat D, O'Neill BP, Cohen M, Aldape K, Rosenfeld S, Noushmehr H, Verhaak RG, Barnholtz-Sloan J, Bahassi EM, Li YQ, Cross E, Li W, Vijg J, McPherson C, Warnick R, Stambrook P, Rixe O, Manterola L, Tejada-Solis S, Diez-Valle R, Gonzalez M, Jauregui P, Sampron N, Barrena C, Ruiz I, Gallego J, Delattre JY, de Munain AL, Mlonso MM, Saito K, Mukasa A, Nagae G, Aihara K, Takayanagi S, Aburatani H, Saito N, Kong XT, Fu BD, Du S, Hasso AN, Linskey ME, Bota D, Li C, Chen YS, Chen ZP, Kim CH, Cheong JH, Kim JM, Yelon NP, Jacoby E, Cohen ZR, Ishida J, Kurozumi K, Ichikawa T, Onishi M, Fujii K, Shimazu Y, Date I, Narayanan R, Ho QH, Levin BS, Maeder ML, Joung JK, Nutt CL, Louis DN, Thorsteinsdottir J, Fu P, Gehrmann M, Multhoff G, Tonn JC, Schichor C, Thirumoorthy K, Gordon N, Walston S, Patel D, Okamoto M, Chakravarti A, Palanichamy K, French P, Erdem L, Gravendeel L, de Rooi J, Eilers P, Idbaih A, Spliet W, den Dunnen W, Teepen J, Wesseling P, Smitt PS, Kros JM, Gorlia T, van den Bent M, McCarthy D, Cook RW, Oelschlager K, Maetzold D, Hanna M, Wick W, Meisner C, Hentschel B, Platten M, Sabel MC, Koeppen S, Ketter R, Weiler M, Tabatabai G, Schilling A, von Deimling A, Gramatzki D, Westphal M, Schackert G, Loeffler M, Simon M, Reifenberger G, Weller M, Moren L, Johansson M, Bergenheim T, Antti H, Sulman EP, Goodman LD, Wani KM, DeMonte F, Aldape KD, Krischek B, Gugel I, Aref D, Marshall C, Croul S, Zadeh G, Nilsson CL, Sulman E, Liu H, Wild C, Lichti CF, Emmett MR, Lang FF, Conrad C, Alentorn A, Marie Y, Boisselier B, Carpetier C, Mokhtari K, Hoang-Xuan K, Capelle L, Delattre JY, Idbaih A, Lautenschlaeger T, Huebner A, McIntyre JB, Magliocco T, Chakravarti A, Hamilton M, Easaw J, Pollo B, Calatozzolo C, Vuono R, Guzzetti S, Eoli M, Silvani A, Di Meco F, Filippini G, Finocchiaro G, Joy A, Ramesh A, Smirnov I, Reiser M, Shapiro W, Mills G, Kim S, Feuerstein B, Gonda DD, Li J, McCabe N, Walker S, Goffard N, Wikstrom K, McLean E, Greenan C, Delaney T, McCarthy M, McDyer F, Keating KE, James IF, Harrison T, Mullan P, Harkin DP, Carter BS, Kennedy RD, Chen CC, Patel AS, Allen JE, Dicker DT, Rizzo K, Sheehan JM, Glantz MJ, El-Deiry WS, Salhia B, Ross JT, Kiefer J, Van Cott C, Metpally R, Baker A, Sibenaller Z, Nasser S, Ryken T, Ramanathan R, Berens ME, Carpten J, Tran NL, Bi Y, Pal S, Zhang Z, Gupta R, Macyszyn L, Fetting H, O'Rourke D, Davuluri RV, Ezrin AM, Moore K, Stummer W, Hadjipanayis CG, Cahill DP, Beiko J, Suki D, Prabhu S, Weinberg J, Lang F, Sawaya R, Rao G, McCutcheon I, Barker FG, Aldape KD, Trister AD, Bot B, Fontes K, Bridge C, Baldock AL, Rockhill JK, Mrugala MM, Rockne RR, Huang E, Swanson KR, Underhill HR, Zhang J, Shi M, Lin X, Mikheev A, Rostomily RC, Scheck AC, Stafford P, Hughes A, Cichacz Z, Coons SW, Johnston SA, Mainwaring L, Horowitz P, Craig J, Garcia D, Bergthold G, Burns M, Rich B, Ramkissoon S, Santagata S, Eberhart C, Ligon A, Goumnerova L, Stiles C, Kieran M, Hahn W, Beroukhim R, Ligon K, Ramkissoon S, Olausson KH, Correia J, Gafni E, Liu H, Theisen M, Craig J, Hayashi M, Haidar S, Maire C, Mainwaring LA, Burns M, Norden A, Wen P, Stiles C, Ligon A, Kung A, Alexander B, Tonellato P, Ligon KL. LAB-OMICS AND PROGNOSTIC MARKERS. Neuro Oncol 2012. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nos231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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McCabe N, Walker SM, Wikstrom K, Greenan C, McLean E, Delaney T, McCarthy M, Cochrane D, Wilson C, Davison TS, McDyer FA, Jellema GL, Goffard N, James I, Harrison T, Mullan PB, Harkin DP, Kennedy RD. An evaluation of siRNA screening in identification of targets in PTEN deficient tumor cells. J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.e13569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Salze G, Craig SR, Smith BH, Smith EP, McLean E. Morphological development of larval cobia Rachycentron canadum and the influence of dietary taurine supplementation. J Fish Biol 2011; 78:1470-1491. [PMID: 21539554 DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2011.02954.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The morphological development of larval cobia Rachycentron canadum from 3 days post hatch (dph) until weaning (27 dph) was examined using S.E.M. Two groups of fish were studied: a control group (CF), reared under standard feeding protocol, and a group in which prey items were enriched with supplemental taurine (4 g l(-1) day(-1) ; TF). TF fish grew faster (P < 0·001), attained greater size (mean ±s.e. 55·1 ± 1·5 v. 33·9 ± 1·0 mm total length) and had better survival (mean ±s.e. 29·3 ± 0·4 v. 7·1 ± 1·2 %) than CF fish. Canonical variance analysis confirmed findings with respect to differences in growth between the treatment groups with separation being explained by two cranial measurements. S.E.M. revealed that 3 dph larvae of R. canadum (in both groups) possess preopercular spines, superficial neuromasts on the head and body, taste buds in the mouth, an olfactory epithelium which takes the form of simple concave depressions, and primordial gill arches. Gill filaments start to form as early as 6 dph and lamellae buds are visible at 8 dph in both groups. In CF fish, the cephalic lateral line system continues its development at 12-14 dph with invagination of both supra- and infraorbital canals. At the same time, a thorn-like or acanthoid crest forms above the eye. At 14 dph, invaginations of the mandibular and preopercular canals are visible and around 22 dph enclosure of all cranial canals nears completion. In CF larvae, however, completely enclosed cranial canals were not observed within the course of the trial, i.e. 27 dph. In TF larvae, grooves of the cephalic lateral line system form 4 days earlier than observed in CF larvae of R. canadum (i.e. at 8 dph), with enclosure commencing at 16 dph, and completed by 27 dph. Along the flanks of 6 dph larvae of either treatment, four to five equally spaced neuromasts delineate the future position of the trunk lateral line. As myomeres are added to the growing larvae, new neuromasts appear such that at 16 dph a neuromast is associated with each myomere. By 27 dph, the trunk lateral line starts to invaginate in CF larvae, while it initiates closure in TF larvae. These findings elucidate important features of the larval development of R. canadum and show that dietary taurine supplementation benefits larval development, growth and survival in this species. Moreover, they suggest a conditional requirement for taurine in larval R. canadum.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Salze
- Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Duck Pond Drive, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
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Ellis J, Galiano M, Pebody R, Lackenby A, Thompson CI, Bermingham A, McLean E, Zhao H, Bolotin S, Dar O, Watson JM, Zambon M. Authors’ reply. Virological analysis of fatal influenza cases in the United Kingdom during the early wave of influenza in winter 2010/11. Euro Surveill 2011. [DOI: 10.2807/ese.16.04.19773-en] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J Ellis
- Health Protection Agency, Centre for Infections, London, United Kingdom
| | - M Galiano
- Health Protection Agency, Centre for Infections, London, United Kingdom
| | - R Pebody
- Health Protection Agency, Centre for Infections, London, United Kingdom
| | - A Lackenby
- Health Protection Agency, Centre for Infections, London, United Kingdom
| | - CI Thompson
- Health Protection Agency, Centre for Infections, London, United Kingdom
| | - A Bermingham
- Health Protection Agency, Centre for Infections, London, United Kingdom
| | - E McLean
- Health Protection Agency, Centre for Infections, London, United Kingdom
| | - H Zhao
- Health Protection Agency, Centre for Infections, London, United Kingdom
| | - S Bolotin
- Health Protection Agency, Centre for Infections, London, United Kingdom
| | - O Dar
- Health Protection Agency, Centre for Infections, London, United Kingdom
| | - J M Watson
- Health Protection Agency, Centre for Infections, London, United Kingdom
| | - M Zambon
- Health Protection Agency, Centre for Infections, London, United Kingdom
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Ellis J, Galiano M, Pebody R, Lackenby A, Thompson CI, Bermingham A, McLean E, Zhao H, Bolotin S, Dar O, Watson JM, Zambon M. Virological analysis of fatal influenza cases in the United Kingdom during the early wave of influenza in winter 2010/11. Euro Surveill 2011. [DOI: 10.2807/ese.16.01.19760-en] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The 2010/11 winter influenza season is underway in the United Kingdom, with co-circulation of influenza A(H1N1)2009 (antigenically similar to the current 2010/11 vaccine strain), influenza B (mainly B/Victoria/2/87 lineage, similar to the 2010/11 vaccine strain) and a few sporadic influenza A(H3N2) viruses. Clinical influenza activity has been increasing. Severe illness, resulting in hospitalisation and deaths, has occurred in children and young adults and has predominantly been associated with influenza A(H1N1)2009, but also influenza B viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ellis
- Health Protection Agency, Centre for Infections, London, United Kingdom
| | - M Galiano
- Health Protection Agency, Centre for Infections, London, United Kingdom
| | - R Pebody
- Health Protection Agency, Centre for Infections, London, United Kingdom
| | - A Lackenby
- Health Protection Agency, Centre for Infections, London, United Kingdom
| | - CI Thompson
- Health Protection Agency, Centre for Infections, London, United Kingdom
| | - A Bermingham
- Health Protection Agency, Centre for Infections, London, United Kingdom
| | - E McLean
- Health Protection Agency, Centre for Infections, London, United Kingdom
| | - H Zhao
- Health Protection Agency, Centre for Infections, London, United Kingdom
| | - S Bolotin
- Health Protection Agency, Centre for Infections, London, United Kingdom
| | - O Dar
- Health Protection Agency, Centre for Infections, London, United Kingdom
| | - J M Watson
- Health Protection Agency, Centre for Infections, London, United Kingdom
| | - M Zambon
- Health Protection Agency, Centre for Infections, London, United Kingdom
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Ellis J, Galiano M, Pebody R, Lackenby A, Thompson C, Bermingham A, McLean E, Zhao H, Bolotin S, Dar O, Watson JM, Zambon M. Virological analysis of fatal influenza cases in the United Kingdom during the early wave of influenza in winter 2010/11. Euro Surveill 2011; 16:19760. [PMID: 21223836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The 2010/11 winter influenza season is underway in the United Kingdom, with co-circulation of influenza A(H1N1)2009 (antigenically similar to the current 2010/11 vaccine strain), influenza B (mainly B/Victoria/2/87 lineage, similar to the 2010/11 vaccine strain) and a few sporadic influenza A(H3N2) viruses. Clinical influenza activity has been increasing. Severe illness, resulting in hospitalisation and deaths, has occurred in children and young adults and has predominantly been associated with influenza A(H1N1)2009, but also influenza B viruses.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Antigens, Viral/genetics
- Child
- Disease Outbreaks
- Female
- Genotype
- Hospitalization
- Humans
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/genetics
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/immunology
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/isolation & purification
- Influenza B virus/genetics
- Influenza B virus/immunology
- Influenza B virus/isolation & purification
- Influenza Vaccines/immunology
- Influenza, Human/diagnosis
- Influenza, Human/mortality
- Influenza, Human/prevention & control
- Influenza, Human/virology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Phenotype
- Phylogeny
- Seasons
- Sentinel Surveillance
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Severity of Illness Index
- United Kingdom/epidemiology
- Young Adult
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ellis
- Health Protection Agency, Centre for Infections, London, United Kingdom
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Pebody RG, McLean E, Zhao H, Cleary P, Bracebridge S, Foster K, Charlett A, Hardelid P, Waight P, Ellis J, Bermingham A, Zambon M, Evans B, Salmon R, McMenamin J, Smyth B, Catchpole M, Watson JM. Pandemic Influenza A (H1N1) 2009 and mortality in the United Kingdom: risk factors for death, April 2009 to March 2010. Euro Surveill 2010. [DOI: 10.2807/ese.15.20.19571-en] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Binary file ES_Abstracts_Final_ECDC.txt matches
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Affiliation(s)
- R G Pebody
- Health Protection Agency Centre for Infections
| | - E McLean
- Health Protection Agency Centre for Infections
| | - H Zhao
- Health Protection Agency Centre for Infections
| | - P Cleary
- Health Protection Agency Local and Regional Services
| | - S Bracebridge
- Health Protection Agency Local and Regional Services
| | - K Foster
- Health Protection Agency Local and Regional Services
| | - A Charlett
- Health Protection Agency Centre for Infections
| | - P Hardelid
- Health Protection Agency Centre for Infections
| | - P Waight
- Health Protection Agency Centre for Infections
| | - J Ellis
- Health Protection Agency Centre for Infections
| | | | - M Zambon
- Health Protection Agency Centre for Infections
| | - B Evans
- Health Protection Agency Centre for Infections
| | - R Salmon
- National Public Health Service for Wales
| | | | - B Smyth
- Public Health Agency Northern Ireland
| | - M Catchpole
- Health Protection Agency Centre for Infections
| | - J M Watson
- Health Protection Agency Centre for Infections
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Pebody RG, McLean E, Zhao H, Cleary P, Bracebridge S, Foster K, Charlett A, Hardelid P, Waight P, Ellis J, Bermingham A, Zambon M, Evans B, Salmon R, McMenamin J, Smyth B, Catchpole M, Watson J. Pandemic Influenza A (H1N1) 2009 and mortality in the United Kingdom: risk factors for death, April 2009 to March 2010. Euro Surveill 2010; 15:19571. [PMID: 20504388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper describes the epidemiology of fatal pandemic influenza A(H1N1) cases in the United Kingdom (UK) since April 2009 and in particular risk factors associated with death. A fatal case was defined as a UK resident who died between 27 April 2009 and 12 March 2010, in whom pandemic influenza A(H1N1) infection was confirmed by laboratory or recorded on death certificate. Case fatality ratios (CFR) were calculated using the estimated cumulative number of clinical cases as the denominator. The relative risk of death was estimated by comparing the population mortality rate in each risk group, with those not in a risk group. Across the UK, 440 fatal cases were identified. In England, fatal cases were mainly seen in young adults (median age 43 years, 85% under 65 years), unlike for seasonal influenza. The majority (77%) of cases for whom data were available (n=308) had underlying risk factors for severe disease. The CFR in those aged 65 years or over was nine per 1,000 (range 3 - 26) compared to 0.4 (range 0.2 to 0.9) for those aged six months to 64 years. In the age group between six month and 64 years, the relative risk for fatal illness for those in a risk group was 18. The population attributable fractions in this age group were highest for chronic neurological disease (24%), immunosuppression (16%) and respiratory disease (15%). The results highlight the importance of early targeted effective intervention programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- R G Pebody
- Health Protection Agency Centre for Infections
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Herbert A, Anshu, Culora G, Dunsmore H, Gupta SS, Holdsworth G, Kubba AA, McLean E, Sim J, Raju KS. Invasive cervical cancer audit: why cancers developed in a high-risk population with an organised screening programme. BJOG 2010; 117:736-45. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2010.02511.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Allen L, Black RE, Brandes N, Brittenham G, Chazot G, Chunming C, Crawley J, de Benoist B, Dalmiya N, Darnton-Hill I, Dewey K, El-Arifeen S, Fontaine O, Geissler C, Haberle H, Harvey P, Hasler J, Hershko C, Hurrell R, Juma MA, Lönnerdal B, Lozoff B, Lynch S, Martines Salgado H, McLean E, Metz J, Oppenheimer S, Premji Z, Prentice A, Ramsan M, Ratledge C, Stoltzfus R, Tielsch J, Winachagoon P. [Conclusions and recommendations of a WHO expert consultation meeting on iron supplementation for infants and young children in malaria endemic areas]. Med Trop (Mars) 2008; 68:182-188. [PMID: 18630054 PMCID: PMC3129603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
This article presents the results of an expert consultation meeting aimed at evaluating the safety and public health implications of administering supplemental iron to infants and young children in malaria-endemic areas. Participants at this meeting that took place in Lyon, France on June 12-14, 2006 reached consensus on several important issues related to iron supplementation for infants and young children in malaria-endemic areas. The conclusions in this report apply specifically to regions where malaria is endemic.
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Khan AJ, Al‐Oufi H, McLean E, Goddard S, Srikandakumar A, Al‐Sabahi J. Analysis of Fatty Acid Profiles of Kingfish (Scomberomorus commerson) from Different Coastal Regions of Sultanate of Oman. International Journal of Food Properties 2007. [DOI: 10.1081/jfp-120016623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. J. Khan
- a College of Agriculture , Sultan Qaboos University , P.O. Box 34, 123 , Al‐Khod , Sultanate of Oman
| | - H. Al‐Oufi
- a College of Agriculture , Sultan Qaboos University , P.O. Box 34, 123 , Al‐Khod , Sultanate of Oman
| | - E. McLean
- a College of Agriculture , Sultan Qaboos University , P.O. Box 34, 123 , Al‐Khod , Sultanate of Oman
| | - S. Goddard
- a College of Agriculture , Sultan Qaboos University , P.O. Box 34, 123 , Al‐Khod , Sultanate of Oman
| | - A. Srikandakumar
- a College of Agriculture , Sultan Qaboos University , P.O. Box 34, 123 , Al‐Khod , Sultanate of Oman
| | - J. Al‐Sabahi
- a College of Agriculture , Sultan Qaboos University , P.O. Box 34, 123 , Al‐Khod , Sultanate of Oman
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Lunger AN, Craig S, McLean E. Replacement of fish meal in cobia ( Rachycentron canadum) diets using an organically certified protein. Aquaculture 2006; 257:393-399. [PMID: 32287453 PMCID: PMC7112107 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2005.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2005] [Revised: 10/27/2005] [Accepted: 11/12/2005] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
A six-week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the use of a yeast-based, certified organic protein source as a replacement for fish meal in diets for cobia. Five experimental diets were formulated to provide 40% crude protein and 11% dietary lipid (dry matter basis) with the yeast-based protein source replacing Special Select® menhaden fish meal at 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of dietary protein. Ten juvenile cobia (initial weight 11.5 g/fish) were randomly stocked in triplicate 300 l circular fiberglass tanks (n = 30 treatment- 1) and hand-fed the diets based upon total tank biomass two times daily at 0900 and 1400 h. Fish were group weighed weekly to monitor performance and adjust feeding rations. Water temperature and salinity were maintained at 27 °C and 15‰, respectively. At the end of the feeding trial, weight gain, ranging from 86% to 512%, and feed conversion ratio values, ranging from 1.9 to 5.8, were significantly affected by the inclusion of the yeast-based protein source, with decreasing values as inclusion levels of the yeast-based protein source rose above 25% of dietary protein. Cobia fed the diet containing 25% of dietary protein from the yeast-based protein source had equal weight gain and feed conversion ratio values as fish fed the control diet composed of 100% fish meal (503 vs. 512 and 1.9 vs. 1.9, respectively). Biological indices including hepatosomatic index, visceral somatic index and muscle ratio were all similarly affected by inclusion of the yeast-based protein source, with significant impacts when inclusion levels rose above 25% of dietary protein. As with the weight gain and feed efficiency ratio values, fish fed the diet containing 25% of protein from the yeast-based source had similar values as those observed in the control animals. This study represents the first attempt to utilize an organically certified protein source as a replacement for fish meal in diets for juvenile cobia. Although levels of inclusion of the yeast-based protein source above 50% of dietary protein resulted in detrimental effects on production characteristics, the data clearly suggest that, at a minimum, 25% of dietary protein can be provided by this yeast-based protein in diets for cobia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - S.R. Craig
- Corresponding author. Tel.: +1 540 231 5007.
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Wille K, Jain R, McLean E, Goddard J, Kaplan E, Leven H. Flatbed Scanning as a Novel Approach for Examining Lipid Distribution in Fish: Comparison with MRI and Traditional Chemical Methods. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.21061/ijra.v5i1.1388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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McLean E, Burke T, Wilson N. Criteria for disposable brush tips for use in dentistry. J Adhes Dent 2001; 2:151-4. [PMID: 11317402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this paper is to document criteria considered appropriate for disposable brush tips used to apply agents in liquid and gel form and to carry out an assessment of examples of brush tips supplied by manufacturers of dental materials. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three brush tips were selected at random from sixteen packs of dental materials and one dedicated pack of brushes, and examined under 4X magnification. The brush tips were assessed with regard to criteria such as cost, flexibility, shape, size, etc to determine, in particular, whether any correlation existed between brush tip characteristics and the type (i.e., fluid or gel) and thickness of agent to be applied. RESULTS When assessed with regard to the ideal criteria, no correlation was apparent between brush tip features and the type and thickness of agent to be applied. CONCLUSION It is suggested that brush tip effectiveness may be found to be dependent upon the correct choice of tip shape, length, and size for each particular function, and that operators and manufacturers alike should choose the brush tip considered most suitable for any given application. Before application of a given material, clinicians should select the brush tip to be used to ensure that the appropriate amount of material will be applied in the intended thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- E McLean
- Unit of Oral Surgery, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, UK
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Malnar L, Coz-Rakovac R, Hacmanjek M, Teskeredzić Z, Tomec M, Strunjak-Perović I, McLean E, Naglić T. Vibriosis in rainbow trout cultured in the Krka estuary, Croatia: occurrence and comments. VET MED-CZECH 1996; 41:77-81. [PMID: 8686134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The frequency of vibriosis in cultured rainbow trout, maintained under different rearing conditions in the Krka estuary, was examined over a 6 yr period. Annual studies commenced regularly in October and ended in June of the following year. Every month during study periods, 37-75 trouts were randomly taken from each of 4 farm sites for routine examination. Twenty fish from these samples were subsequently employed for bacteriological analyses. Based on morphological and biochemical properties, the bacterial isolates were identified as Vibrio anguillarum, (biotype I). The findings demonstrate high occurrence of vibriosis in trout cultivated in the Krka estuary. Furthermore, there was a direct relationship between water quality parameters and the severity of vibriosis epizootics. Moreover, the causative agent has been isolated from free-living species, fish, notably eel and mullet, which are abundant to the Krka aquatorium. The findings from these long-term studies will be considered with reference to the developing salmon farming industry of Croatia.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Malnar
- Ruder Bosković Institute, Center for Marine Research, Zagreb, Croatia
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Shrimpton JM, Devlin RH, McLean E, Byatt JC, Donaldson EM, Randall DJ. Increases in gill cytosolic corticosteroid receptor abundance and saltwater tolerance in juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) treated with growth hormone and placental lactogen. Gen Comp Endocrinol 1995; 98:1-15. [PMID: 7781958 DOI: 10.1006/gcen.1995.1039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) were injected with one of two recombinant bovine hormones, growth hormone (bGH; 5.0 and 0.5 micrograms.g-1 body wt) or placental lactogen (bPL; 5.0, 0.5, and 0.05 micrograms.g-1 body wt) to determine the effect on growth, plasma cortisol concentration, cytosolic corticosteroid receptors (CR) in the gills, and the development of hypoosmoregulatory ability. One week following a single injection or six weekly injections of bGH or bPL, the fish were measured and sampled for CR concentration and Na+,K(+)-ATPase activity in the gills. Fish were also challenged with salt water (salinity 25%) for 24 hr to determine saltwater tolerance at the end of the 6-week treatment. Treatment with bPL and bGH significantly increased weight and length of the fish. The 0.05-micrograms bPL dose significantly elevated plasma cortisol concentration, whereas all other hormone treatments did not affect cortisol levels. bPL and bGH also significantly increased CR concentration and Na+,K(+)-ATPase activity in the gills. The perturbation in plasma sodium concentration was least in animals receiving the highest dose of bPL and the bGH-treated animals following transfer to seawater. An increase in cytosolic CR by bGH and bPL may increase responsiveness of the gills to cortisol and partially account for the increase in Na+,K(+)-ATPase activity and greater ability to regulate plasma sodium in seawater as exhibited by the experimental groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Shrimpton
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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Kieffer TJ, Schieldrop PJ, McLean E, Donaldson EM, Brown JC. A radioimmunoassay for oncorhynchid growth hormone targeted to the physiological range. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 1994; 72:1155-61. [PMID: 7882179 DOI: 10.1139/y94-163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
This study describes the development of an oncorhynchid growth hormone (GH) radioimmunoassay using recombinant chum salmon GH (rsGH) and a rabbit antiserum (TJK-1) raised against this recombinant material. The assay was designed to measure the wide range of circulating immunoreactive GH (IRGH) levels in Pacific salmonids, resulting in a standard curve capable of accurately determining plasma levels of IRGH from 0.5 to 250 ng/mL without dilution. The assay ED50 and ED90 values averaged 13.1 and 0.5 ng/mL, respectively. This radioimmunoassay specifically recognizes oncorhynchid IRGH, showing no cross-reactivity with recombinant porcine and bovine GH, or natural chum salmon prolactin at concentrations up to 10 micrograms/mL. Curves approximately parallel to the standard curve were obtained with purified natural coho salmon GH and plasma from chinook salmon. Recovery of rsGH from plasma was complete over the full range of the standard curve. Intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation were 6.0 and 12.9%, respectively. Plasma IRGH levels in fed coho salmon were 30.6 +/- 5.3 ng/mL, while those in fish starved for 2 weeks were 132.9 +/- 53.9 ng/mL. Starvation for an additional 4 weeks had no significant effect. Plasma IRGH levels in control rainbow trout injected with saline were significantly higher 45 min post-injection. In contrast, fish injected with recombinant porcine GH exhibited no elevation in IRGH. It is speculated that exogenous GH inhibits the production of endogenous GH.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J Kieffer
- Department of Physiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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Mayer I, McLean E, Kieffer TJ, Souza LM, Donaldson EM. Antisomatostatin-induced growth acceleration in chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). Fish Physiol Biochem 1994; 13:295-300. [PMID: 24198208 DOI: 10.1007/bf00003433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Since somatostatin (SRIF) inhibits the release of growth hormone (GH), its immunoneutralization may provide an alternative to GH therapy as a means of enhancing somatic growth in fish. The present study examined the feasibility of accelerating growth in juvenile chinook salmon by means of antiSRIF administration. Yearling salmon of Nicola River stock (BC, Canada) were injected intraperitoneally every 5 days, for a total of 40 days, with either SRIF (1 μg g-1 body wt.), antiSRIF (SOMA-10, 1 μg g(-1)), recombinant bovine GH (rbGH, 2.5 μg g(-1)), recombinant porcine GH (rpGH, 2.5 μg g(-1)) or saline (controls). No significant differences were observed in length, weight or final condition factor (k) between the SRIF-treated and control fish over the experimental period. However, the fish treated with the antiSRIF were significantly (p ≤ 0.05) longer and heavier than the control salmon after 25 and 30 days respectively. Furthermore, antiSRIF treatment caused a lowering in k when compared to the control salmon. Fish injected with rbGH or rpGH were significantly longer and heavier than all other groups (p ≤ 0.05), after only 5 days. GH treated groups also returned higher k when compared against all other treatments (p ≤ 0.05). No differences were observed in growth between the two rGH treatments over the experimental period.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Mayer
- West Vancouver Laboratory, Biotechnology, Genetics & Nutrition Section, 4160 Marine Drive, West Vancouver, B.C., V7V 1N6, Canada
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Devlin RH, Byatt JC, McLean E, Yesaki TY, Krivi GG, Jaworski EG, Clarke WC, Donaldson EM. Bovine placental lactogen is a potent stimulator of growth and displays strong binding to hepatic receptor sites of coho salmon. Gen Comp Endocrinol 1994; 95:31-41. [PMID: 7926653 DOI: 10.1006/gcen.1994.1099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Juvenile coho salmon were treated with bovine placental lactogen (bPL) and bovine growth hormone (bGH) to examine the growth promoting activities of these proteins in a lower vertebrate. Fish were intraperitoneally injected either with 0.5 or 5.0 micrograms/g bPL or with 5.0 micrograms/g bGH once a week for 5 weeks. After only a single injection and 1 week of growth, the high dose of bPL stimulated a significant increase in weight and length relative to untreated fish or fish treated with a control protein, bovine serum albumin. At the end of the experiment, all hormone-treated groups were significantly larger than controls. Fish treated with 5 micrograms/g bPL gained more than three times as much weight as controls. The 5.0 micrograms/g bGH group grew at the same rate as fish treated with one-tenth this dose of bPL, indicating that bPL is a potent stimulator of growth in this species. Radioreceptor assays performed on coho salmon liver membrane preparations indicate that bPL binds with approximately 430-fold higher affinity than bGH, and some 8000-fold higher affinity than bovine prolactin. The action of bPL relative to the structure and function of salmonid pituitary hormones is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R H Devlin
- West Vancouver Laboratory, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, British Columbia
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McLean E, Donaldson EM, Teskeredzic E, Souza LM. Growth enhancement following dietary delivery of recombinant porcine somatotropin to diploid and triploid coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch). Fish Physiol Biochem 1993; 11:363-369. [PMID: 24202496 DOI: 10.1007/bf00004586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Diploid (2n) and triploid (3n) coho salmon were fed upon control (diet 1), recombinant porcine somatotropin (rpST)-supplemented (diet 2; 20 μg rpST/g body wt/day) or rpST/antacid/detergent-containing feed (diet 3; 20, 100 & 20 μg/g body wt/day respectively) for 16 wk. Fish were weighed and measured bimonthly and their relative performances assessed. By wk 4, 2n and 3n groups fed upon diet 2 were significantly heavier and longer than control 2n fish. At the termination of the trial, diet 3 fed animals were greater in weight than all other treatment groups. Diet 3 salmon also returned better feed conversion efficiencies than either diet 1 or 2 groups. RpST therapy induced a 28.7% and 60.2% increase in group wt for 3n diet 2/3 coho versus (-vs-) controls. Likewise, 2n rpST-treated fish increased wt -vs-2n control coho by 17% and 50% respectively over the same period. No differences were recorded between groups for body moisture, but diet 2, 3n and both diet 3 groups exhibited decreased condition factors when compared to control fish (p ≤ 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- E McLean
- Biotechnology, Genetics & Nutrition Section, West Vancouver Laboratory, 4160 Marine Drive, West Vancouver, B.C., V7V 1N6, Canada
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McLean E, Houlahan M. Familiarity breeds content. Nurs Times 1991; 87:36-8. [PMID: 1881804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Solar II, McLean E, Baker IJ, Sherwood NM, Donaldson EM. Short communication: Induced ovulation of sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria) following oral administration of des Gly(10)-(D-Ala (6))LH-RH ethylamide. Fish Physiol Biochem 1990; 8:497-499. [PMID: 24221036 DOI: 10.1007/bf00003406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- I I Solar
- Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Biological Sciences Branch, West Vancouver Laboratory, 4160 Marine Drive, West Vancouver, B.C., V7V 1N6
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McLean E. Coping with the HDCR--a student's viewpoint. Radiogr Today 1989; 55:23-4. [PMID: 2619902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- E McLean
- Heatherwood Hospital, Ascot, Berks
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McLean E, Ash R. The time-course of appearance and net accumulation of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) presented orally to rainbow trout Salmo gairdneri (Richardson). Comp Biochem Physiol A Comp Physiol 1987; 88:507-10. [PMID: 2892625 DOI: 10.1016/0300-9629(87)90072-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
1. A sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique was used in order to determine horseradish peroxidase (HRP) uptake from the rainbow trout gut. 2. HRP was detected in blood plasma and various tissues within 15 min of oral intubation. 3. The time-course of net accumulation (uptake-degradation) over a 75 min period was recorded. 4. The presence of HRP reached a maximum in the body tissues approximately 45 min after intubation and on a ng/g weight basis the order of accumulation within the tissues was liver greater than spleen = kidney greater than plasma greater than heart. 5. The total organ accumulation (net) was in the order liver greater than plasma greater than kidney greater than spleen greater than heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- E McLean
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Bradford, West Yorkshire, UK
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McLean E, Ash R. The time-course of appearance and net accumulation of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) presented orally to juvenile carp Cyprinus carpio (L.). Comp Biochem Physiol A Comp Physiol 1986; 84:687-90. [PMID: 2875835 DOI: 10.1016/0300-9629(86)90388-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique was used in order to determine horseradish peroxidase (HRP) uptake from the carp gut. HRP was detected in blood plasma and various tissues within 15 min of oral intubation. The time-course of net accumulation (uptake-degradation) over a 2 hr period was recorded. The presence of HRP reached a maximum in the body tissues approximately 1 hr after intubation and on a microgram/g wet weight basis the order of accumulation within the tissues was spleen greater than kidney greater than liver. The total organ accumulation (net) was in the order liver greater than kidney greater than spleen.
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Abstract
Some multiply handicapped children who live in long stay hospitals do not attend school. This survey of alternative arrangements for their education made in Scottish hospitals shows that it is the children with the most severe handicaps who are taught in wards rather than in schools. Yet generally they receive little teaching time, few of their teachers have specialized training, there is limited help from other professionals, and they are taught in rooms less suitable than the most inadequate classroom. No evidence was found of any educational advantages for children being taught in a ward rather than in school.
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Abstract
The relationship of plasma levels of high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, apolipoproteins A-I and A-II (the major apolipoproteins in HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, triglyceride, and glucose to microangiopathy was evaluated in 49 insulin-dependent diabetic subjects. Although the HDL cholesterol/LDL cholesterol ratio (a risk determinant for macroangiopathy) was lower in women with proteinuria, no other relationships between HDL cholesterol or the A apolipoproteins and renal microangiography were found. The only independent association between HDL and retinal microangiopathy was found in women, where an inverse correlation was found between the apo A-I/apo A-II ratio and the number of microaneurysms (rs = -0.561, P less than 0.05). Men showed strong relationships of glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol to renal microangiopathy whereas women, in general, had stronger correlations of these variables with retinal microangiopathy. Thus, several alterations in lipoprotein cholesterol distribution and HDL composition are associated with diabetic microangiopathy. In addition, differences between sexes suggest that previously undescribed hormonal factors may influence the severity of this process.
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McLean E, Bras G, McLean AE. Venous occlusions in the liver following dimethylnitrosamine. Br J Exp Pathol 1965; 46:367-369. [PMID: 5825773 PMCID: PMC2094599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
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