1
|
Black MH, Osinski A, Park GJ, Gradowski M, Servage KA, Pawłowski K, Tagliabracci VS. A Legionella effector ADP-ribosyltransferase inactivates glutamate dehydrogenase. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100301. [PMID: 33476647 PMCID: PMC7949102 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
ADP-ribosyltransferases (ARTs) are a widespread superfamily of enzymes frequently employed in pathogenic strategies of bacteria. Legionella pneumophila, the causative agent of a severe form of pneumonia known as Legionnaire's disease, has acquired over 330 translocated effectors that showcase remarkable biochemical and structural diversity. However, the ART effectors that influence L. pneumophila have not been well defined. Here, we took a bioinformatic approach to search the Legionella effector repertoire for additional divergent members of the ART superfamily and identified an ART domain in Legionella pneumophila gene0181, which we hereafter refer to as Legionella ADP-Ribosyltransferase 1 (Lart1) (Legionella ART 1). We show that L. pneumophila Lart1 targets a specific class of 120-kDa NAD+-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) enzymes found in fungi and protists, including many natural hosts of Legionella. Lart1 targets a conserved arginine residue in the NAD+-binding pocket of GDH, thereby blocking oxidative deamination of glutamate. Therefore, Lart1 could be the first example of a Legionella effector which directly targets a host metabolic enzyme during infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miles H Black
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Adam Osinski
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Gina J Park
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Marcin Gradowski
- Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kelly A Servage
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Krzysztof Pawłowski
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA; Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Vincent S Tagliabracci
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA; Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA; Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Meena M, Divyanshu K, Kumar S, Swapnil P, Zehra A, Shukla V, Yadav M, Upadhyay RS. Regulation of L-proline biosynthesis, signal transduction, transport, accumulation and its vital role in plants during variable environmental conditions. Heliyon 2019; 5:e02952. [PMID: 31872123 PMCID: PMC6909094 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In response to various environmental stresses, many plant species synthesize L-proline in the cytosol and accumulates in the chloroplasts. L-Proline accumulation in plants is a well-recognized physiological reaction to osmotic stress prompted by salinity, drought and other abiotic stresses. L-Proline plays several protective functions such as osmoprotectant, stabilizing cellular structures, enzymes, and scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS), and keeps up redox balance in adverse situations. In addition, ample-studied osmoprotective capacity, L-proline has been also ensnared in the regulation of plant improvement, including flowering, pollen, embryo, and leaf enlargement. Scope and conclusions Albeit, ample is now well-known about L-proline metabolism, but certain characteristics of its biological roles are still indistinct. In the present review, we discuss the L-proline accumulation, metabolism, signaling, transport and regulation in the plants. We also discuss the effects of exogenous L-proline during different environmental conditions. L-Proline biosynthesis and catabolism are controlled by several cellular mechanisms, of which we identify only very fewer mechanisms. So, in the future, there is a requirement to identify such types of cellular mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh Meena
- Department of Botany, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, 313001, India.,Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Kumari Divyanshu
- Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Prashant Swapnil
- Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.,International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Andleeb Zehra
- Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Vaishali Shukla
- Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Mukesh Yadav
- Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - R S Upadhyay
- Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Anaerobic Metabolism in T4 Acanthamoeba Genotype. Curr Microbiol 2017; 74:685-690. [PMID: 28326448 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-017-1223-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Members of the genus Acanthamoeba are of the most common protozoa that has been isolated from a variety of environment and affect immunocompromised individuals, causing granulomatous amoebic encephalitis and skin lesions. Acanthamoeba, in immunocompetent patients, may cause a keratitis related to corneal microtrauma. These free-living amoebas easily adapt to the host environment and wield metabolic pathways such as the energetic and respiratory ones in order to maintain viability for long periods. The energetic metabolism of cysts and trophozoites remains mostly unknown. There are a few reports on the energetic metabolism of these organisms as they are mitochondriate eukaryotes and some studies under aerobic conditions showing that Acanthamoeba hydrolyzes glucose into pyruvate via glycolysis. The aim of this study was to detect the energetic metabolic pathways with emphasis on anaerobic metabolism in trophozoites of three isolates of Acanthamoeba sp belonging to the T4 genotype. Two samples were collected in the environment and one was a clinical sample. The evaluation of these microorganisms proceeded as follows: rupture of trophozoites (7.5 × 103 parasites/ml) and biochemical analysis with high performance liquid chromatography and spectrophotometry. The anaerobic glycolysis was identified through the detection of glucose, pyruvate, and lactate. The protein catabolism was identified through the detection of fumarate, urea, and creatinine. The fatty acid oxidation was identified through the detection of acetate, beta-hydroxybutyrate, and propionate. The detected substances are the result of the consumption of energy reserves such as glycogen and lipids. The anaerobic glycolysis and protein catabolism pathways were observed in all three isolates: one clinical and two environmental. This study represents the first report of energetic pathways used by trophozoites from different isolates of the T4 genotype Acanthamoeba.
Collapse
|
4
|
Metabolite profiling of sucrose effect on the metabolism of Melissa officinalis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 399:3519-28. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-4693-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2010] [Revised: 12/23/2010] [Accepted: 01/17/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
5
|
Trovato M, Mattioli R, Costantino P. Multiple roles of proline in plant stress tolerance and development. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s12210-008-0022-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
6
|
Verbruggen N, Hermans C. Proline accumulation in plants: a review. Amino Acids 2008; 35:753-759. [PMID: 18379856 DOI: 10.1007/978-81-322-2616-1_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2007] [Accepted: 03/08/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Proline (Pro) accumulation is a common physiological response in many plants in response to a wide range of biotic and abiotic stresses. Controversy has surrounded the possible role(s) of proline accumulation. In this review, knowledge on the regulation of Pro metabolism during development and stress, results of genetic manipulation of Pro metabolism and current debate on Pro toxicity in plants are presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Verbruggen
- Laboratoire de Physiologie et de Génétique moléculaire des Plantes, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Campus Plaine-CP242, Bd du Triomphe, 1050, Brussels, Belgium.
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hmida-Sayari A, Gargouri-Bouzid R, Bidani A, Jaoua L, Savouré A, Jaoua S. Overexpression of Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase increases proline production and confers salt tolerance in transgenic potato plants. PLANT SCIENCE 2005. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2005.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
|
8
|
Ben-Izhak Monselise E, Parola AH, Kost D. Low-frequency electromagnetic fields induce a stress effect upon higher plants, as evident by the universal stress signal, alanine. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2003; 302:427-34. [PMID: 12604366 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-291x(03)00194-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
15N NMR analysis reveals alanine production in Duckweed plants exposed to low intensity sinusoidally varying magnetic fields (SVMF) at 60 and 100Hz, and fed by 15N-labeled ammonium chloride. Alanine does not accumulate in the absence of SVMF. Addition of vitamin C, a radical scavenger, reduced alanine production by 82%, indicating the roll of free radicals in the process. Alanine accumulation in plants and animals in response to exposure to a variety of stress conditions, including SVMF, is a general phenomenon. It is proposed that alanine is a universal first stress signal expressed by cells.
Collapse
|
9
|
Savouré A, Jaoua S, Hua XJ, Ardiles W, Van Montagu M, Verbruggen N. Isolation, characterization, and chromosomal location of a gene encoding the delta 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase in Arabidopsis thaliana. FEBS Lett 1995; 372:13-9. [PMID: 7556633 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(95)00935-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A full-length cDNA and the corresponding At-P5S gene encoding the first enzyme of the proline biosynthetic pathway, the delta 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C) synthetase, were isolated in Arabidopsis thaliana. The At-P5S cDNA encodes a protein of 717 amino acids showing high identity with the P5C synthetase of Vigna aconitifolia. Strong homology is also found at the N-terminus to bacterial and yeast gamma-glutamyl kinase and at the C-terminus to bacterial gamma-glutamyl phosphate reductase. Putative ATP- and NAD(P)H-binding sites are suggested in the At-P5S protein. The transcribed region of the At-P5S gene is 4.8 kb long and contains 20 exons. Southern analysis suggests the presence of only one At-P5S gene in the A. thaliana genome mapped at the bottom of the chromosome two. Expression analysis of At-P5S in different organs reveals abundant At-P5S transcripts in mature flowering plant. Rapid induction of the At-P5S gene followed by accumulation of proline was observed in NaCl-treated seedlings suggesting that At-P5S is osmoregulated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Savouré
- Laboratorium voor Genetica, Universiteit Gent, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Burrows C, Blum JJ. Effect of hyper-osmotic stress on alanine content of Leishmania major promastigotes. THE JOURNAL OF PROTOZOOLOGY 1991; 38:47-52. [PMID: 1997677 DOI: 10.1111/j.1550-7408.1991.tb04799.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Earlier studies showed that Leishmania major promastigotes are sensitive to osmotic conditions. A reduction in osmolality caused the cells to shorten and to rapidly release most of their large internal pool of alanine. In this study some effects of hyper-osmotic stress were examined. An increase in osmolality of the culture medium from 308 to 625 mOsm/kg caused only a small decrease in growth rate. When cells grown in the usual culture medium (308 mOsm/kg) were washed, resuspended in iso-osmotic buffer, and subjected to acute hyper-osmotic stress by addition of mannitol, the alanine content increased even in the absence of exogenous substrate. Promastigotes, depleted of alanine by a 5-min exposure to hypo-osmotic conditions, also synthesized alanine when resuspended in iso-osmotic buffer. Washed cells resuspended in iso-osmotic buffer consume their internal pool of alanine under aerobic conditions. Rates of consumption decreased on addition of mannitol, becoming zero at about 440 mOsm/kg. At higher osmolalities, alanine synthesis occurred. To estimate whether proteolysis could account for alanine synthesis in the absence of exogenous substrate, cells that had been grown with [1-14C]leucine were washed and resuspended under hypo-, iso-, and hyper-osmotic conditions and the amounts of 14CO2 and 14C-labelled peptides released in 1 h were measured. Little proteolysis occurred under these conditions, but the possibility that proteolysis was the source of the alanine increase, observed in response to hyper-osmotic stress, cannot be ruled out.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Burrows
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Frolov A, Pankov S, Geradze K, Pankova S. Influence of salinity on the biochemical composition of the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis (Muller). aspects of adaptation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/0300-9629(91)90129-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|