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Smith TD, Santana SE, Eiting TP. Ecomorphology and sensory biology of bats. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2023; 306:2660-2669. [PMID: 37656052 DOI: 10.1002/ar.25314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
This special issue of The Anatomical Record is inspired by and dedicated to Professor Kunwar P. Bhatnagar, whose lifelong interests in biology, and long career studying bats, inspired many and advanced our knowledge of the world's only flying mammals. The 15 articles included here represent a broad range of investigators, treading topics familiar to Prof. Bhatnagar, who was interested in seemingly every aspect of bat biology. Key topics include broad themes of bat development, sensory systems, and specializations related to flight and diet. These articles paint a complex picture of the fascinating adaptations of bats, such as rapid fore limb development, ear morphologies relating to echolocation, and other enhanced senses that allow bats to exploit niches in virtually every part of the world. In this introduction, we integrate and contextualize these articles within the broader story of bat ecomorphology, providing an overview of each of the key themes noted above. This special issue will serve as a springboard for future studies both in bat biology and in the broader world of mammalian comparative anatomy and ecomorphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy D Smith
- School of Physical Therapy, Slippery Rock University, Slippery Rock, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sharlene E Santana
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Thomas P Eiting
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, Burrell College of Osteopathic Medicine, Las Cruces, New Mexico, USA
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2
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Koyabu D. Evolution, conservatism and overlooked homologies of the mammalian skull. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2023; 378:20220081. [PMID: 37183902 PMCID: PMC10184252 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2022.0081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, studies integrating palaeontology, embryology and experimental developmental biology have markedly altered our homological understanding of the mammalian skull. Indeed, new evidence suggests that we should revisit and restructure the conventional anatomical terminology applied to the components of the mammalian skull. Notably, these are classical problems that have remained unresolved since the ninteenth century. In this review, I offer perspectives on the overlooked problems associated with the homology, development, and conservatism of the mammalian skull, aiming to encourage future studies in these areas. I emphasise that ossification patterns, bone fusion, cranial sutures and taxon-specific neomorphic bones in the skull are virtually unexplored, and further studies would improve our homological understanding of the mammalian skull. Lastly, I highlight that overlooked bones may exist in the skull that are not yet known to science and suggest that further search is needed. This article is part of the theme issue 'The mammalian skull: development, structure and function'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Koyabu
- Research and Development Center for Precision Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
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3
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Nojiri T, Werneburg I, Tu VT, Fukui D, Takechi M, Iseki S, Furutera T, Koyabu D. Timing of organogenesis underscores the evolution of neonatal life histories and powered flight in bats. Proc Biol Sci 2023; 290:20221928. [PMID: 36629110 PMCID: PMC9832570 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2022.1928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Bats have undergone one of the most drastic limb innovations in vertebrate history, associated with the evolution of powered flight. Knowledge of the genetic basis of limb organogenesis in bats has increased but little has been documented regarding the differences between limb organogenesis in bats and that of other vertebrates. We conducted embryological comparisons of the timelines of limb organogenesis in 24 bat species and 72 non-bat amniotes. In bats, the time invested for forelimb organogenesis has been considerably extended and the appearance timing of the forelimb ridge has been significantly accelerated, whereas the timing of the finger and first appearance of the claw development has been delayed, facilitating the enlargement of the manus. Furthermore, we discovered that bats initiate the development of their hindlimbs earlier than their forelimbs compared with other placentals. Bat neonates are known to be able to cling continuously with their well-developed foot to the maternal bodies or habitat substrates soon after birth. We suggest that this unique life history of neonates, which possibly coevolved with powered flight, has driven the accelerated development of the hindlimb and precocious foot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taro Nojiri
- Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, 2-1-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, North 11, West 10, Sapporo 060-0811, Japan
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Ingmar Werneburg
- Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment an der Eberhard Karls Universität, Sigwartstraße 10, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Fachbereich Geowissenschaften, Eberhard Karls Universität, Hölderlinstraße 12, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Vuong Tan Tu
- Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, No. 18, Hoang Quoc Viet road, Cau Giay district, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Graduate University of Science and Technology, No. 18, Hoang Quac Viet road, Cau Giay district, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Dai Fukui
- The University of Tokyo Hokkaido Forest, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 9-61, Yamabe-Higashimachi, Furano, Hokkaido 079-1563, Japan
| | - Masaki Takechi
- Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, 2-1-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Molecular Craniofacial Embryology, Graduate School of Medicine and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
| | - Sachiko Iseki
- Molecular Craniofacial Embryology, Graduate School of Medicine and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
| | - Toshiko Furutera
- Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, 2-1-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Molecular Craniofacial Embryology, Graduate School of Medicine and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
| | - Daisuke Koyabu
- Molecular Craniofacial Embryology, Graduate School of Medicine and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
- Research and Development Center for Precision Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-2 Kasuga, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305-8550, Japan
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4
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Shkil FN, Borisov V, Seleznev D, Kapitanova D, Abdissa B, Dzerzhinskii K, Smirnov S. Intra- and interspecific variability of the cranial ossification sequences in Barbus sensu lato. Evol Biol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11692-022-09563-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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5
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Amador LI. Sesamoids and Morphological Variation: a Hypothesis on the Origin of Rod-like Skeletal Elements in Aerial Mammals. J MAMM EVOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10914-021-09571-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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6
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López-Aguirre C, Hand SJ, Koyabu D, Tu VT, Wilson LAB. Prenatal Developmental Trajectories of Fluctuating Asymmetry in Bat Humeri. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:639522. [PMID: 34124034 PMCID: PMC8187808 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.639522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluctuating asymmetry (random fluctuations between the left and right sides of the body) has been interpreted as an index to quantify both the developmental instabilities and homeostatic capabilities of organisms, linking the phenotypic and genotypic aspects of morphogenesis. However, studying the ontogenesis of fluctuating asymmetry has been limited to mostly model organisms in postnatal stages, missing prenatal trajectories of asymmetry that could better elucidate decoupled developmental pathways controlling symmetric bone elongation and thickening. In this study, we quantified the presence and magnitude of asymmetry during the prenatal development of bats, focusing on the humerus, a highly specialized bone adapted in bats to perform under multiple functional demands. We deconstructed levels of asymmetry by measuring the longitudinal and cross-sectional asymmetry of the humerus using a combination of linear measurements and geometric morphometrics. We tested the presence of different types of asymmetry and calculated the magnitude of size-controlled fluctuating asymmetry to assess developmental instability. Statistical support for the presence of fluctuating asymmetry was found for both longitudinal and cross-sectional asymmetry, explaining on average 16% of asymmetric variation. Significant directional asymmetry accounted for less than 6.6% of asymmetric variation. Both measures of fluctuating asymmetry remained relatively stable throughout ontogeny, but cross-sectional asymmetry was significantly different across developmental stages. Finally, we did not find a correspondence between developmental patterns of longitudinal and cross-sectional asymmetry, indicating that processes promoting symmetrical bone elongation and thickening work independently. We suggest various functional pressures linked to newborn bats’ ecology associated with longitudinal (altricial flight capabilities) and cross-sectional (precocial clinging ability) developmental asymmetry differentially. We hypothesize that stable magnitudes of fluctuating asymmetry across development could indicate the presence of developmental mechanisms buffering developmental instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilo López-Aguirre
- Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Earth and Sustainability Science Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Suzanne J Hand
- Earth and Sustainability Science Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Daisuke Koyabu
- Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong.,Research and Development Center for Precision Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Vuong Tan Tu
- Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam.,Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Laura A B Wilson
- Earth and Sustainability Science Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Archaeology and Anthropology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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7
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Nojiri T, Tu VT, Sohn JH, Koyabu D. On the sequence heterochrony of cranial ossification of bats in light of Haeckel's recapitulation theory. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART B-MOLECULAR AND DEVELOPMENTAL EVOLUTION 2021; 338:137-148. [PMID: 33773030 DOI: 10.1002/jez.b.23042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Haeckel's recapitulation theory has been a controversial topic in evolutionary biology. However, we have seen some recent cases applying Haeckel's view to interpret the interspecific variation of prenatal ontogeny. To revisit the validity of Haeckel's recapitulation theory, we take bats that have undergone drastic morphological changes and possess a characteristic ecology as a case study. All members of Rhinolophoidea and Yangochiroptera can generate an ultrasonic pulse from the larynx to interpret surrounding objects (laryngeal echolocation) whereas Pteropodidae lacks such ability. It is known that the petrosal bone is particularly derived in shape and expanded in laryngeal echolocators. If Haeckel's recapitulation theory holds, the formation of this derived trait should occur later than those of other bones. Therefore, we compared the prenatal ossification timing of the petrosal in 15 bat species and five outgroup species. We found that the ossification of the petrosal is accelerated in laryngeal echolocators while it is the last bone to ossify in non-laryngeal echolocating bats and non-volant mammals, which runs counter to the prediction generated by Haeckel's recapitulation theory. We point out the evolutionarily labile nature of trait developmental timing and emphasize that Haeckel's recapitulation theory does not hold in many cases. We caution that generating predictions on ancestral conditions and evolutionary history leading from Haeckel's recapitulation theory is not well supported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taro Nojiri
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Vuong Tan Tu
- Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam.,Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Joon Hyuk Sohn
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Tokyo, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Daisuke Koyabu
- Research and Development Center for Precision Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki, Japan.,Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong.,Department of Molecular Craniofacial Embryology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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8
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Uesaka M, Kuratani S, Irie N. The developmental hourglass model and recapitulation: An attempt to integrate the two models. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART B-MOLECULAR AND DEVELOPMENTAL EVOLUTION 2021; 338:76-86. [PMID: 33503326 PMCID: PMC9292893 DOI: 10.1002/jez.b.23027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Recapitulation is a hypothetical concept that assumes embryogenesis of an animal parallels its own phylogenetic history, sequentially developing from more ancestral features to more derived ones. This concept predicts that the earliest developmental stage of various animals should represent the most evolutionarily conserved patterns. Recent transcriptome‐based studies, on the other hand, have reported that mid‐embryonic, organogenetic periods show the highest level of conservation (the developmental hourglass model). This, however, does not rule out the possibility that recapitulation would still be detected after the mid‐embryonic period. In accordance with this, recapitulation‐like morphological features are enriched in late developmental stages. Moreover, our recent chromatin accessibility‐based study provided molecular evidence for recapitulation in the mid‐to‐late embryogenesis of vertebrates, as newly evolved gene regulatory elements tended to be activated at late embryonic stages. In this review, we revisit the recapitulation hypothesis, together with recent molecular‐based studies that support the developmental hourglass model. We contend that the recapitulation hypothesis does not entirely contradict the developmental hourglass model and that these two may even coexist in later embryonic stages of vertebrates. Finally, we review possible mechanisms underlying the recapitulation pattern of chromatin accessibility together with the hourglass‐like evolutionary conservation in vertebrate embryogenesis. Recapitulation pattern has been reported for chromatin accessibility during the mid‐to‐late embryogenesis. The observed recapitulation pattern and the developmental hourglass model may coexist. The possible evolutionary mechanisms underlying tendencies of embryonic evolution were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Uesaka
- Laboratory for Evolutionary Morphology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan
| | - Shigeru Kuratani
- Laboratory for Evolutionary Morphology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan.,Laboratory for Evolutionary Morphology, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Kobe, Japan
| | - Naoki Irie
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Universal Biology Institute, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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9
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Xie M, Gol'din P, Herdina AN, Estefa J, Medvedeva EV, Li L, Newton PT, Kotova S, Shavkuta B, Saxena A, Shumate LT, Metscher BD, Großschmidt K, Nishimori S, Akovantseva A, Usanova AP, Kurenkova AD, Kumar A, Arregui IL, Tafforeau P, Fried K, Carlström M, Simon A, Gasser C, Kronenberg HM, Bastepe M, Cooper KL, Timashev P, Sanchez S, Adameyko I, Eriksson A, Chagin AS. Secondary ossification center induces and protects growth plate structure. eLife 2020; 9:55212. [PMID: 33063669 PMCID: PMC7581430 DOI: 10.7554/elife.55212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth plate and articular cartilage constitute a single anatomical entity early in development but later separate into two distinct structures by the secondary ossification center (SOC). The reason for such separation remains unknown. We found that evolutionarily SOC appears in animals conquering the land - amniotes. Analysis of the ossification pattern in mammals with specialized extremities (whales, bats, jerboa) revealed that SOC development correlates with the extent of mechanical loads. Mathematical modeling revealed that SOC reduces mechanical stress within the growth plate. Functional experiments revealed the high vulnerability of hypertrophic chondrocytes to mechanical stress and showed that SOC protects these cells from apoptosis caused by extensive loading. Atomic force microscopy showed that hypertrophic chondrocytes are the least mechanically stiff cells within the growth plate. Altogether, these findings suggest that SOC has evolved to protect the hypertrophic chondrocytes from the high mechanical stress encountered in the terrestrial environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Xie
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pavel Gol'din
- Department of Evolutionary Morphology, Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology of NAS of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Anna Nele Herdina
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Division of Anatomy, MIC, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jordi Estefa
- Science for Life Laboratory and Uppsala University, Subdepartment of Evolution and Development, Department of Organismal Biology, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ekaterina V Medvedeva
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Phillip T Newton
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet and Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | - Svetlana Kotova
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Boris Shavkuta
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Aditya Saxena
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, United States
| | - Lauren T Shumate
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Brian D Metscher
- Department of Theoretical Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karl Großschmidt
- Bone and Biomaterials Research, Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Shigeki Nishimori
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Anastasia Akovantseva
- Institute of Photonic Technologies, Research center "Crystallography and Photonics", Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Anna P Usanova
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | | | - Anoop Kumar
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Paul Tafforeau
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Grenoble, France
| | - Kaj Fried
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mattias Carlström
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - András Simon
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christian Gasser
- Department of Solid Mechanics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Henry M Kronenberg
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Murat Bastepe
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Kimberly L Cooper
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, United States
| | - Peter Timashev
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Institute of Photonic Technologies, Research center "Crystallography and Photonics", Moscow, Russian Federation.,Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory 1-3, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Sophie Sanchez
- Science for Life Laboratory and Uppsala University, Subdepartment of Evolution and Development, Department of Organismal Biology, Uppsala, Sweden.,European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Grenoble, France.,Sorbonne Université - CR2P - MNHN, CNRS, UPMC, Paris, France
| | - Igor Adameyko
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Neuroimmunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anders Eriksson
- Department of Mechanics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andrei S Chagin
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russian Federation
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10
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Rolian C. Endochondral ossification and the evolution of limb proportions. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2020; 9:e373. [PMID: 31997553 DOI: 10.1002/wdev.373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mammals have remarkably diverse limb proportions hypothesized to have evolved adaptively in the context of locomotion and other behaviors. Mechanistically, evolutionary diversity in limb proportions is the result of differential limb bone growth. Longitudinal limb bone growth is driven by the process of endochondral ossification, under the control of the growth plates. In growth plates, chondrocytes undergo a tightly orchestrated life cycle of proliferation, matrix production, hypertrophy, and cell death/transdifferentiation. This life cycle is highly conserved, both among the long bones of an individual, and among homologous bones of distantly related taxa, leading to a finite number of complementary cell mechanisms that can generate heritable phenotype variation in limb bone size and shape. The most important of these mechanisms are chondrocyte population size in chondrogenesis and in individual growth plates, proliferation rates, and hypertrophic chondrocyte size. Comparative evidence in mammals and birds suggests the existence of developmental biases that favor evolutionary changes in some of these cellular mechanisms over others in driving limb allometry. Specifically, chondrocyte population size may evolve more readily in response to selection than hypertrophic chondrocyte size, and extreme hypertrophy may be a rarer evolutionary phenomenon associated with highly specialized modes of locomotion in mammals (e.g., powered flight, ricochetal bipedal hopping). Physical and physiological constraints at multiple levels of biological organization may also have influenced the cell developmental mechanisms that have evolved to produce the highly diverse limb proportions in extant mammals. This article is categorized under: Establishment of Spatial and Temporal Patterns > Regulation of Size, Proportion, and Timing Comparative Development and Evolution > Regulation of Organ Diversity Comparative Development and Evolution > Organ System Comparisons Between Species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Campbell Rolian
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
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11
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Alarcón-Ríos L, Nicieza AG, Kaliontzopoulou A, Buckley D, Velo-Antón G. Evolutionary History and Not Heterochronic Modifications Associated with Viviparity Drive Head Shape Differentiation in a Reproductive Polymorphic Species, Salamandra salamandra. Evol Biol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11692-019-09489-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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12
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Camacho J, Heyde A, Bhullar BAS, Haelewaters D, Simmons NB, Abzhanov A. Peramorphosis, an evolutionary developmental mechanism in neotropical bat skull diversity. Dev Dyn 2019; 248:1129-1143. [PMID: 31348570 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The neotropical leaf-nosed bats (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae) are an ecologically diverse group of mammals with distinctive morphological adaptations associated with specialized modes of feeding. The dramatic skull shape changes between related species result from changes in the craniofacial development process, which brings into focus the nature of the underlying evolutionary developmental processes. RESULTS In this study, we use three-dimensional geometric morphometrics to describe, quantify, and compare morphological modifications unfolding during evolution and development of phyllostomid bats. We examine how changes in development of the cranium may contribute to the evolution of the bat craniofacial skeleton. Comparisons of ontogenetic trajectories to evolutionary trajectories reveal two separate evolutionary developmental growth processes contributing to modifications in skull morphogenesis: acceleration and hypermorphosis. CONCLUSION These findings are consistent with a role for peramorphosis, a form of heterochrony, in the evolution of bat dietary specialists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Camacho
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Alexander Heyde
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Bhart-Anjan S Bhullar
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Department of Geology and Geophysics, Yale Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Danny Haelewaters
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Nancy B Simmons
- Department of Mammalogy, Division of Vertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York
| | - Arhat Abzhanov
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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13
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Stanchak KE, Arbour JH, Santana SE. Anatomical diversification of a skeletal novelty in bat feet. Evolution 2019; 73:1591-1603. [DOI: 10.1111/evo.13786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn E. Stanchak
- Department of Biology and Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture University of Washington Seattle Washington 98195
| | - Jessica H. Arbour
- Department of Biology and Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture University of Washington Seattle Washington 98195
| | - Sharlene E. Santana
- Department of Biology and Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture University of Washington Seattle Washington 98195
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14
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López-Aguirre C, Hand SJ, Koyabu D, Son NT, Wilson LAB. Postcranial heterochrony, modularity, integration and disparity in the prenatal ossification in bats (Chiroptera). BMC Evol Biol 2019; 19:75. [PMID: 30866800 PMCID: PMC6417144 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-019-1396-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Self-powered flight is one of the most energy-intensive types of locomotion found in vertebrates. It is also associated with a range of extreme morpho-physiological adaptations that evolved independently in three different vertebrate groups. Considering that development acts as a bridge between the genotype and phenotype on which selection acts, studying the ossification of the postcranium can potentially illuminate our understanding of bat flight evolution. However, the ontogenetic basis of vertebrate flight remains largely understudied. Advances in quantitative analysis of sequence heterochrony and morphogenetic growth have created novel approaches to study the developmental basis of diversification and the evolvability of skeletal morphogenesis. Assessing the presence of ontogenetic disparity, integration and modularity from an evolutionary approach allows assessing whether flight may have resulted in evolutionary differences in the magnitude and mode of development in bats. RESULTS We quantitatively compared the prenatal ossification of the postcranium (24 bones) between bats (14 species), non-volant mammals (11 species) and birds (14 species), combining for the first time prenatal sequence heterochrony and developmental growth data. Sequence heterochrony was found across groups, showing that bat postcranial development shares patterns found in other flying vertebrates but also those in non-volant mammals. In bats, modularity was found as an axial-appendicular partition, resembling a mammalian pattern of developmental modularity and suggesting flight did not repattern prenatal postcranial covariance in bats. CONCLUSIONS Combining prenatal data from 14 bat species, this study represents the most comprehensive quantitative analysis of chiropteran ossification to date. Heterochrony between the wing and leg in bats could reflect functional needs of the newborn, rather than ecological aspects of the adult. Bats share similarities with birds in the development of structures involved in flight (i.e. handwing and sternum), suggesting that flight altriciality and early ossification of pedal phalanges and sternum are common across flying vertebrates. These results indicate that the developmental modularity found in bats facilitates intramodular phenotypic diversification of the skeleton. Integration and disparity increased across developmental time in bats. We also found a delay in the ossification of highly adaptable and evolvable regions (e.g. handwing and sternum) that are directly associated with flight performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilo López-Aguirre
- PANGEA Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Suzanne J. Hand
- PANGEA Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Daisuke Koyabu
- University Museum, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Humanities and Sciences, Musashino Art University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nguyen Truong Son
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Sciences and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Graduate University of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Laura A. B. Wilson
- PANGEA Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052 Australia
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15
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López‐Aguirre C, Hand SJ, Koyabu D, Son NT, Wilson LAB. Prenatal allometric trajectories and the developmental basis of postcranial phenotypic diversity in bats (Chiroptera). JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART B-MOLECULAR AND DEVELOPMENTAL EVOLUTION 2019; 332:36-49. [DOI: 10.1002/jez.b.22846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Camilo López‐Aguirre
- PANGEA Research Centre School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Suzanne J. Hand
- PANGEA Research Centre School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Daisuke Koyabu
- Department of Curatorial Studies University Museum, University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
- Department of Humanities and Sciences Musashino Art University Tokyo Japan
| | - Nguyen Truong Son
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Sciences and Technology Hanoi Vietnam
- Faculty of Ecology and Biological Resources Graduate University of Science and Technology Hanoi Vietnam
| | - Laura A. B. Wilson
- PANGEA Research Centre School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales Australia
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16
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Celeita JS, Reyes‐Amaya N, Jerez A. Comparative hindlimb bone morphology in noctilionid fisher bats (Chiroptera: Noctilionidae), with emphasis on
Noctilio leporinus
postnatal development. ACTA ZOOL-STOCKHOLM 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/azo.12276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicolás Reyes‐Amaya
- Unidad Ejecutora Lillo (CONICET – Fundación Miguel Lillo) San Miguel de Tucumán Argentina
| | - Adriana Jerez
- Laboratorio de Ecología Evolutiva, Departamento de BiologíaUniversidad Nacional de Colombia Bogotá Colombia
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17
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Nojiri T, Werneburg I, Son NT, Tu VT, Sasaki T, Maekawa Y, Koyabu D. Prenatal cranial bone development of Thomas's horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus thomasi
): with special reference to petrosal morphology. J Morphol 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/jmor.20813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Taro Nojiri
- Division of Biosphere Science, Graduate School of Environmental Science; Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo; Hokkaido 060-0810 Japan
| | - Ingmar Werneburg
- Senckenberg Center for Human Evolution and Paleoenvironment an der Eberhard Karls Universität, Sigwartstraße 10; Tübingen D-72076 Germany
- Fachbereich Geowissenschaften der Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Hölderlinstraße 12; Tübingen 72074 Germany
- Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz-Institut für Evolutions- & Biodiversitätsforschung an der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Invalidenstraße 43; Berlin 10115 Germany
| | - Nguyen Truong Son
- Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources; Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Street; Hanoi Vietnam
- Graduate University of Sciences and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Sciences and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Street, Cau Giay; Hanoi Vietnam
| | - Vuong Tan Tu
- Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources; Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Street; Hanoi Vietnam
- Graduate University of Sciences and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Sciences and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Street, Cau Giay; Hanoi Vietnam
| | - Takenori Sasaki
- The University Museum, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku; Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Yu Maekawa
- The University Museum, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku; Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Daisuke Koyabu
- The University Museum, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku; Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
- Humanities and Sciences; Musashino Art University, Ogawacho 1-736, Kodaira; Tokyo 187-8505 Japan
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18
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Marchini M, Rolian C. Artificial selection sheds light on developmental mechanisms of limb elongation. Evolution 2018; 72:825-837. [PMID: 29436719 DOI: 10.1111/evo.13447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Species diversity in limb lengths and proportions is thought to have evolved adaptively in the context of locomotor and habitat specialization, but the heritable cellular processes that drove this evolution within species are poorly understood. In this study, we take a novel "micro-evo-devo" approach, using artificial selection on relative limb length to amplify phenotypic variation in a population of mice, known as Longshanks, to examine the cellular mechanisms of postnatal limb development that contribute to intraspecific limb length variation. Cross-sectional growth data indicate that differences in bone length between Longshanks and random-bred controls are not due to prolonged growth, but to accelerated growth rates. Histomorphometric and cell proliferation assays on proximal tibial growth plates show that Longshanks' increased limb bone length is associated with an increased number of proliferative chondrocytes. In contrast, we find no differences in other growth plate cellular features known to underlie interspecific differences in limb bone size and shape, such as the rates of chondrocyte proliferation or the size and number of hypertrophic cells in the growth plate. These data suggest that small differences among individuals in the number of proliferating chondrocytes are a potentially important determinant of selectable intraspecific variation in individual limb bone lengths, independent of body size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Marchini
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, AB T2N4N1, Canada.,McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, Calgary, AB T2N4N1, Canada
| | - Campbell Rolian
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, AB T2N4N1, Canada.,McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, Calgary, AB T2N4N1, Canada
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19
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Reyes‐Amaya N, Jerez A, Flores D. Morphology and Postnatal Development of Lower Hindlimbs in
Desmodus rotundus
(Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae): A Comparative Study. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2017; 300:2150-2165. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.23646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás Reyes‐Amaya
- Unidad Ejecutora Lillo (CONICET—Fundación Miguel Lillo)San Miguel de Tucumán4000 Argentina
| | - Adriana Jerez
- Laboratorio de Ecología EvolutivaDepartamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de ColombiaSede Bogotá Colombia
| | - David Flores
- Unidad Ejecutora Lillo (CONICET—Fundación Miguel Lillo)San Miguel de Tucumán4000 Argentina
- Instituto de Vertebrados, Fundación Miguel LilloSan Miguel de Tucumán4000 Argentina
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20
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Koyabu D. Prenatal postcranial development in two species of sympatric Japanese wood mice (Apodemus argenteus and A. speciosus): a comparison of arboreal versus terrestrial congeners. J Vet Med Sci 2017; 79:952-956. [PMID: 28413175 PMCID: PMC5447988 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.17-0130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Habitats of two closely related Japanese field mice, Apodemus argenteus and A. speciosus, broadly overlap in many Japanese forests. A. argenteus being more arboreal and A. speciosus being more terrestrial, it is thought that such ecological segregation allows their sympatric distribution. Comparing these two congeners, whether ecological difference is reflected in postcranial development was examined. Although overall ossification sequences were virtually identical, development of the caudal vertebrae was remarkably earlier in A. argenteus. One of the clearest morphological differences between the two species is the relative length of the tail, which is arguably related to the degree of arboreality. I suggest that accelerated ossification of the caudal vertebrae found in A. argenteus is related to its elongation of the tail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Koyabu
- The University Museum, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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21
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Diogo R, Guinard G, Diaz RE. Dinosaurs, Chameleons, Humans, and Evo-Devo Path: Linking Étienne Geoffroy's Teratology, Waddington's Homeorhesis, Alberch's Logic of "Monsters," and Goldschmidt Hopeful "Monsters". JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART B-MOLECULAR AND DEVELOPMENTAL EVOLUTION 2016; 328:207-229. [PMID: 28422426 DOI: 10.1002/jez.b.22709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Since the rise of evo-devo (evolutionary developmental biology) in the 1980s, few authors have attempted to combine the increasing knowledge obtained from the study of model organisms and human medicine with data from comparative anatomy and evolutionary biology in order to investigate the links between development, pathology, and macroevolution. Fortunately, this situation is slowly changing, with a renewed interest in evolutionary developmental pathology (evo-devo-path) in the past decades, as evidenced by the idea to publish this special, and very timely, issue on "Developmental Evolution in Biomedical Research." As all of us have recently been involved, independently, in works related in some way or another with evolution and developmental anomalies, we decided to join our different perspectives and backgrounds in the present contribution for this special issue. Specifically, we provide a brief historical account on the study of the links between evolution, development, and pathologies, followed by a review of the recent work done by each of us, and then by a general discussion on the broader developmental and macroevolutionary implications of our studies and works recently done by other authors. Our primary aims are to highlight the strength of studying developmental anomalies within an evolutionary framework to understand morphological diversity and disease by connecting the recent work done by us and others with the research done and broader ideas proposed by authors such as Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, Waddington, Goldschmidt, Gould, and Per Alberch, among many others to pave the way for further and much needed work regarding abnormal development and macroevolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Diogo
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Geoffrey Guinard
- UMR CNRS 5561, Biogéosciences, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Raul E Diaz
- Department of Biology, La Sierra University, Riverside, California.,Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, California
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22
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Diogo R, Smith CM, Ziermann JM. Evolutionary developmental pathology and anthropology: A new field linking development, comparative anatomy, human evolution, morphological variations and defects, and medicine. Dev Dyn 2015; 244:1357-74. [DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Revised: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Diogo
- Department of Anatomy; Howard University College of Medicine; Washington DC
| | | | - Janine M. Ziermann
- Department of Anatomy; Howard University College of Medicine; Washington DC
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