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Park MN, Yeo SG, Park J, Jung Y, Hwang SM. Usefulness and Limitations of PFGE Diagnosis and Nucleotide Sequencing Method in the Analysis of Food Poisoning Pathogens Found in Cooking Employees. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4123. [PMID: 38612932 PMCID: PMC11012705 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25074123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
In the case of a food poisoning outbreak, it is essential to understand the relationship between cooking workers and food poisoning. Many biological diagnostic methods have recently been developed to detect food poisoning pathogens. Among these diagnostic tools, this study presents PCR-based pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and nucleotide sequencing diagnostic analysis results for diagnosing food poisoning outbreaks associated with cooking employees in Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis was useful in identifying the food poisoning outbreaks caused by Staphylococcus aureus and Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli. In the case of Norovirus, nucleotide sequencing was used to identify the relationship between cooking workers and the food poisoning outbreak. However, it is difficult to determine whether cooking employees directly caused the food poisoning outbreaks based on these molecular biological diagnostic results alone. A system is needed to integrate epidemiological and diagnostic information to identify a direct correlation between the food poisoning outbreak and cooking employees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Na Park
- Graduate School of Public Health & Welfare, Konyang University, 158 Gwanjeodong-ro, Daejeon 35365, Republic of Korea;
- Chungcheongnam-do Institute of Health and Environment Research, 8 Hongyegongwon-ro, Hongseong 32254, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sang-Gu Yeo
- Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, 2 Osongsaengmyeong-ro, Cheongju 28159, Republic of Korea;
| | - Junhyuk Park
- Chungcheongnam-do Institute of Health and Environment Research, 8 Hongyegongwon-ro, Hongseong 32254, Republic of Korea;
| | - Yoomi Jung
- Korea Armed Forces Nursing Academy, 90 Jaun-ro, Daejeon 34059, Republic of Korea;
| | - Se-Min Hwang
- Graduate School of Public Health & Welfare, Konyang University, 158 Gwanjeodong-ro, Daejeon 35365, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Myunggok Medical Faculty, Medical Campus, Konyang University College of Medicine, 158 Gwanjeodong-ro, Daejeon 35365, Republic of Korea
- Myunggok Medical Research Center, Konyang University College of Medicine, 158 Gwanjeodong-ro, Daejeon 35365, Republic of Korea
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Liu X, Ma Y, Wu J, Wang P, Wang Y, Wang A, Yin Q, Ma H, Chan LL, Wu B. Characterizing the Influence of a Heterotrophic Bicosoecid Flagellate Pseudobodo sp. on the Dinoflagellate Gambierdiscus balechii. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:657. [PMID: 37999520 PMCID: PMC10674679 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15110657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial interactions including competition, mutualism, commensalism, parasitism, and predation, which can be triggered by nutrient acquisition and chemical communication, are universal phenomena in the marine ecosystem. The interactions may influence the microbial population density, metabolism, and even their environmental functions. Herein, we investigated the interaction between a heterotrophic bicosoecid flagellate, Pseudobodo sp. (Bicoecea), and a dinoflagellate, Gambierdiscus balechii (Dinophyceae), which is a well-known ciguatera food poisoning (CFP) culprit. The presence of Pseudobodo sp. inhibited the algal proliferation and decreased the cardiotoxicity of zebrafish in the algal extract exposure experiment. Moreover, a significant difference in microbiome abundance was observed in algal cultures with and without Pseudobodo sp. Chemical analysis targeting toxins was performed by using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) combined with molecular networking (MN), showing a significant alteration in the cellular production of gambierone analogs and some super-carbon chain compounds. Taken together, our results demonstrated the impact of heterotrophic flagellate on the photosynthetic dinoflagellates, revealing the complex dynamics of algal toxin production and the ecological relationships related to dinoflagellates in the marine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China; (X.L.); (J.W.); (H.M.)
| | - Yihan Ma
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 321000, China; (Y.M.); (Y.W.); (A.W.); (Q.Y.)
| | - Jiajun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China; (X.L.); (J.W.); (H.M.)
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for the Sustainable Use of Marine Biodiversity, Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Pengbin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China;
- The Fourth Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beihai 536000, China
| | - Yinuo Wang
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 321000, China; (Y.M.); (Y.W.); (A.W.); (Q.Y.)
| | - Anli Wang
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 321000, China; (Y.M.); (Y.W.); (A.W.); (Q.Y.)
| | - Qizhao Yin
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 321000, China; (Y.M.); (Y.W.); (A.W.); (Q.Y.)
| | - Haiying Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China; (X.L.); (J.W.); (H.M.)
| | - Leo Lai Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China; (X.L.); (J.W.); (H.M.)
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for the Sustainable Use of Marine Biodiversity, Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Bin Wu
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 321000, China; (Y.M.); (Y.W.); (A.W.); (Q.Y.)
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Santos ICD, Barbosa LN, Sposito PH, Silva KRD, Caldart ET, Costa LMB, Martins LA, Gonçalves DD. Presence and Resistance Profile of Staphylococcus spp. Isolated from Slaughtered Pigs. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2023; 23:576-582. [PMID: 37695815 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2022.0074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The objective of this study was to isolate Staphylococcus spp. and to characterize the resistance profile in nasal samples from pigs slaughtered for consumption. Material and Methods: Intranasal swabs were collected from 100 pigs immediately after bleeding in a slaughterhouse located in the largest pork production region in Brazil, these samples were cultured and isolated to identify Staphylococcus spp. in coagulase positive (CoPS) and coagulase negative (CoNS) and molecular identification of Staphylococcus aureus and then subjected to the disk-diffusion test to identify the bacterial resistance profile and search for the mecA gene. Results: Of the 100 samples collected, it was possible to isolate 79 Staphylococcus spp., of these, 72.15% were classified as CoNS and 27.85% of the isolates classified as CoPS. Among the CoPS isolates, 77.27% were identified as S. aureus. Through the disk-diffusion test, it was possible to verify isolates resistant to clindamycin and erythromycin (98.73%), chloramphenicol (93.67%), and doxycycline (89.87%). There was amplification of the mecA gene in 30.38% of Staphylococcus spp. Conclusion: The results of this study highlight the need for the careful use of antibiotics in swine production, in addition to aiming at continuous surveillance in relation to the rate of multiresistant microorganisms within these environments, focused on large industrial centers; such results also indicate the importance of understanding, through future studies, possible pathways to transmission of these microorganisms directly, or indirectly, through meat products derived from these pigs, which can be considered neglected diffusers of variants of Staphylococcus spp. resistant to antibiotics or carriers of important resistance genes related to One Health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Paulo Henrique Sposito
- Médico Veterinário do Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento, MAPA/DF, Brasilia, Brasil
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Hashimoto T, Yahiro T, Khan S, Kimitsuki K, Hiramatsu K, Nishizono A. Bacillus subtilis Bacteremia from Gastrointestinal Perforation after Natto Ingestion, Japan. Emerg Infect Dis 2023; 29:2171-2172. [PMID: 37735785 PMCID: PMC10521625 DOI: 10.3201/eid2910.230084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
We report a case of Bacillus subtilis variant natto bacteremia from a gastrointestinal perforation in a patient who ingested natto. Genotypic methods showed the bacteria in a blood sample and the ingested natto were the same strains. Older or immunocompromised patients could be at risk for bacteremia from ingesting natto.
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Oba Y, Hosaka K. The Luminous Fungi of Japan. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:615. [PMID: 37367550 DOI: 10.3390/jof9060615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Luminous fungi have long attracted public attention in Japan, from old folklore and fiction to current tourism, children's toys, games, and picture books. At present, 25 species of luminous fungi have been discovered in Japan, which correspond to approximately one-fourth of the globally recognized species. This species richness is arguably due to the abundant presence of mycophiles looking to find new mushroom species and a tradition of night-time activities, such as firefly watching, in Japan. Bioluminescence, a field of bioscience focused on luminous organisms, has long been studied by many Japanese researchers, including the biochemistry and chemistry of luminous fungi. A Japanese Nobel Prize winner, Osamu Shimomura (1928-2018), primarily focused on the bioluminescence system of luminous fungi in the latter part of his life, and total elucidation of the mechanism was finally accomplished by an international research team with representatives from Russia, Brazil, and Japan in 2018. In this review, we focused on multiple aspects related to luminous fungi of Japan, including myth, taxonomy, and modern sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Oba
- Department of Environmental Biology, Chubu University, Kasugai 487-8501, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kentaro Hosaka
- Department of Botany, National Museum of Nature and Science, Tsukuba 305-0005, Ibaraki, Japan
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Highly sensitive and quantitative fluorescent strip immunosensor based on an independent control system for rapid detection of tetrodotoxin in shellfish. Food Control 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.109403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Gouel P, Gatti CMI, de Haro L, Liautaud A, Langrand J, Boucaud-Maitre D. Tetrodotoxin Poisoning in Mainland France and French Overseas Territories: A Review of Published and Unpublished Cases. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14050351. [PMID: 35622597 PMCID: PMC9146393 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14050351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Tetrodotoxin is one of the most potent neurotoxins in the aquatic world. This review of published and unpublished reports aims to describe the poisoning cases that have occurred in mainland France and overseas territories. Six articles were included, with 13 poisoning events, individuals or collective (number (n) = 53 patients). Moreover, 13 unpublished poisoning events from toxicovigilance networks were found (n = 17). All cases happened in overseas territories: French Guyana (n = 7), New Caledonia (n = 11), Reunion (n = 35) and French Polynesia (n = 17). The median age was 36 years. The most frequent signs were neurological (81.8%), digestive (54.5%) and general (52.3%). Three cases of dysgueusia and nine cases of urogenital discomfort were observed in French Polynesia. Twelve severe cases were reported, including seven deaths. Only three events (11.5%) were documented by a tetrodotoxin assay. Two families of fish accounted for 91.6% of the poisonings: 33.3% due to the Diodontidae family and 58.3% to the Tetraodontidae family. Although rare, information and collection campaigns on tetrodotoxin poisoning are, therefore, essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierrick Gouel
- Service des Urgences, Centre Hospitalier de Mayotte, 97600 Mamoudzou, France;
| | - Clémence Mahana iti Gatti
- Laboratoire des Biotoxines Marines, Institut Louis Malardé, UMR 241 EIO (Ifremer, ILM, IRD, UPF), 98713 Papeete, French Polynesia;
| | - Luc de Haro
- Clinical Pharmacology, Poison Control Center, St Marguerite Hospital, 13009 Marseille, France;
| | - Alice Liautaud
- Centre Antipoison de Paris, Hôpital Fernand Widal, 75010 Paris, France; (A.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Jérôme Langrand
- Centre Antipoison de Paris, Hôpital Fernand Widal, 75010 Paris, France; (A.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Denis Boucaud-Maitre
- Department of Research an Biostatistics, University Hospital of Guadeloupe, LAMIA (EA4540) French West Indies University, 97159 Pointe-à-Pitre, France
- Correspondence:
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Chen BC, Huang TS, Huang NY, Chen CS, Chen YS, Chang TH. Low Seroprevalence of Aichi Virus Infection in Taiwan. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10050553. [PMID: 34063639 PMCID: PMC8147638 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10050553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aichi virus (AiV) belongs to the genus Kobuvirus of the family Picornaviridae; it is a single-stranded positive-sense RNA virus without an envelope. AiV causes acute gastroenteritis, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and fever. Low incidence and high seroprevalence of AiV infections have been reported in several regions of the world; however, little was known on the prevalence of AiV infections in Taiwan. This study described the first two cases of AiV infection and analyzed AiV seroprevalence in Taiwan. A total of 700 sera were collected from a single hospital in southern Taiwan. The neutralization assay was employed to assess AiV neutralization antibodies in the serum. The test identified 48 positive cases, with a seroprevalence of 6.86%. Results also showed a gradual increase in AiV seroprevalence rate with age. Compared with other countries, Taiwan had a relatively low AiV seroprevalence, suggesting a low incidence of or sporadic AiV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Chen Chen
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan; (B.-C.C.); (T.-S.H.); (N.-Y.H.); (C.-S.C.)
| | - Tsi-Shu Huang
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan; (B.-C.C.); (T.-S.H.); (N.-Y.H.); (C.-S.C.)
| | - Nuan-Ya Huang
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan; (B.-C.C.); (T.-S.H.); (N.-Y.H.); (C.-S.C.)
| | - Chiao-Shan Chen
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan; (B.-C.C.); (T.-S.H.); (N.-Y.H.); (C.-S.C.)
| | - Yao-Shen Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (Y.-S.C.); (T.-H.C.)
| | - Tsung-Hsien Chang
- Department and Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (Y.-S.C.); (T.-H.C.)
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