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Vervoorn MT, Amelink JJGJ, Ballan EM, Doevendans PA, Sluijter JPG, Mishra M, Boink GJJ, Bowles DE, van der Kaaij NP. Gene therapy during ex situ heart perfusion: a new frontier in cardiac regenerative medicine? Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1264449. [PMID: 37908499 PMCID: PMC10614057 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1264449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Ex situ organ preservation by machine perfusion can improve preservation of organs for transplantation. Furthermore, machine perfusion opens up the possibilities for selective immunomodulation, creation of tolerance to ischemia-reperfusion injury and/or correction of a pathogenic genetic defect. The application of gene modifying therapies to treat heart diseases caused by pathogenic mutations during ex situ heart perfusion seems promising, especially given the limitations related to delivery of vectors that were encountered during clinical trials using in vivo cardiac gene therapy. By isolating the heart in a metabolically and immunologically favorable environment and preventing off-target effects and dilution, it is possible to directly control factors that enhance the success rate of cardiac gene therapy. A literature search of PubMed and Embase databases was performed to identify all relevant studies regarding gene therapy during ex situ heart perfusion, aiming to highlight important lessons learned and discuss future clinical prospects of this promising approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mats T. Vervoorn
- Division of Heart & Lungs, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jantijn J. G. J. Amelink
- Division of Heart & Lungs, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Elisa M. Ballan
- Division of Heart & Lungs, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Pieter A. Doevendans
- Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Joost P. G. Sluijter
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Utrecht, Circulatory Health Research Center, University Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Mudit Mishra
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Gerard J. J. Boink
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Dawn E. Bowles
- Divison of Surgical Sciences, Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Niels P. van der Kaaij
- Division of Heart & Lungs, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
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2
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Li X, La Salvia S, Liang Y, Adamiak M, Kohlbrenner E, Jeong D, Chepurko E, Ceholski D, Lopez-Gordo E, Yoon S, Mathiyalagan P, Agarwal N, Jha D, Lodha S, Daaboul G, Phan A, Raisinghani N, Zhang S, Zangi L, Gonzalez-Kozlova E, Dubois N, Dogra N, Hajjar RJ, Sahoo S. Extracellular Vesicle-Encapsulated Adeno-Associated Viruses for Therapeutic Gene Delivery to the Heart. Circulation 2023; 148:405-425. [PMID: 37409482 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.122.063759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adeno-associated virus (AAV) has emerged as one of the best tools for cardiac gene delivery due to its cardiotropism, long-term expression, and safety. However, a significant challenge to its successful clinical use is preexisting neutralizing antibodies (NAbs), which bind to free AAVs, prevent efficient gene transduction, and reduce or negate therapeutic effects. Here we describe extracellular vesicle-encapsulated AAVs (EV-AAVs), secreted naturally by AAV-producing cells, as a superior cardiac gene delivery vector that delivers more genes and offers higher NAb resistance. METHODS We developed a 2-step density-gradient ultracentrifugation method to isolate highly purified EV-AAVs. We compared the gene delivery and therapeutic efficacy of EV-AAVs with an equal titer of free AAVs in the presence of NAbs, both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, we investigated the mechanism of EV-AAV uptake in human left ventricular and human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes in vitro and mouse models in vivo using a combination of biochemical techniques, flow cytometry, and immunofluorescence imaging. RESULTS Using cardiotropic AAV serotypes 6 and 9 and several reporter constructs, we demonstrated that EV-AAVs deliver significantly higher quantities of genes than AAVs in the presence of NAbs, both to human left ventricular and human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes in vitro and to mouse hearts in vivo. Intramyocardial delivery of EV-AAV9-sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2a to infarcted hearts in preimmunized mice significantly improved ejection fraction and fractional shortening compared with AAV9-sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2a delivery. These data validated NAb evasion by and therapeutic efficacy of EV-AAV9 vectors. Trafficking studies using human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cells in vitro and mouse hearts in vivo showed significantly higher expression of EV-AAV6/9-delivered genes in cardiomyocytes compared with noncardiomyocytes, even with comparable cellular uptake. Using cellular subfraction analyses and pH-sensitive dyes, we discovered that EV-AAVs were internalized into acidic endosomal compartments of cardiomyocytes for releasing and acidifying AAVs for their nuclear uptake. CONCLUSIONS Together, using 5 different in vitro and in vivo model systems, we demonstrate significantly higher potency and therapeutic efficacy of EV-AAV vectors compared with free AAVs in the presence of NAbs. These results establish the potential of EV-AAV vectors as a gene delivery tool to treat heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xisheng Li
- Cardiovascular Research Institute (X.L., S.L.S., M.A., E.C., D.C., E.L.-G., S.Y., N.A., D.J., S.L., A.P., N.R., S.Z., L.Z., S.S.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Sabrina La Salvia
- Cardiovascular Research Institute (X.L., S.L.S., M.A., E.C., D.C., E.L.-G., S.Y., N.A., D.J., S.L., A.P., N.R., S.Z., L.Z., S.S.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Yaxuan Liang
- Center for Biological Science and Technology, Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, China (Y.L.)
| | - Marta Adamiak
- Cardiovascular Research Institute (X.L., S.L.S., M.A., E.C., D.C., E.L.-G., S.Y., N.A., D.J., S.L., A.P., N.R., S.Z., L.Z., S.S.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Erik Kohlbrenner
- Cardiovascular Research Institute (X.L., S.L.S., M.A., E.C., D.C., E.L.-G., S.Y., N.A., D.J., S.L., A.P., N.R., S.Z., L.Z., S.S.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
- Spark Therapeutics, Philadelphia, PA (E.K.)
| | - Dongtak Jeong
- Department of Molecular and Life Science, College of Science and Convergence Technology, Hanyang University-ERICA, Ansan, South Korea (D.J.)
| | - Elena Chepurko
- Cardiovascular Research Institute (X.L., S.L.S., M.A., E.C., D.C., E.L.-G., S.Y., N.A., D.J., S.L., A.P., N.R., S.Z., L.Z., S.S.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Delaine Ceholski
- Cardiovascular Research Institute (X.L., S.L.S., M.A., E.C., D.C., E.L.-G., S.Y., N.A., D.J., S.L., A.P., N.R., S.Z., L.Z., S.S.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Estrella Lopez-Gordo
- Cardiovascular Research Institute (X.L., S.L.S., M.A., E.C., D.C., E.L.-G., S.Y., N.A., D.J., S.L., A.P., N.R., S.Z., L.Z., S.S.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Seonghun Yoon
- Cardiovascular Research Institute (X.L., S.L.S., M.A., E.C., D.C., E.L.-G., S.Y., N.A., D.J., S.L., A.P., N.R., S.Z., L.Z., S.S.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | | | - Neha Agarwal
- Cardiovascular Research Institute (X.L., S.L.S., M.A., E.C., D.C., E.L.-G., S.Y., N.A., D.J., S.L., A.P., N.R., S.Z., L.Z., S.S.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Divya Jha
- Cardiovascular Research Institute (X.L., S.L.S., M.A., E.C., D.C., E.L.-G., S.Y., N.A., D.J., S.L., A.P., N.R., S.Z., L.Z., S.S.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Shweta Lodha
- Cardiovascular Research Institute (X.L., S.L.S., M.A., E.C., D.C., E.L.-G., S.Y., N.A., D.J., S.L., A.P., N.R., S.Z., L.Z., S.S.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | | | - Anh Phan
- Cardiovascular Research Institute (X.L., S.L.S., M.A., E.C., D.C., E.L.-G., S.Y., N.A., D.J., S.L., A.P., N.R., S.Z., L.Z., S.S.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Nikhil Raisinghani
- Cardiovascular Research Institute (X.L., S.L.S., M.A., E.C., D.C., E.L.-G., S.Y., N.A., D.J., S.L., A.P., N.R., S.Z., L.Z., S.S.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Shihong Zhang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute (X.L., S.L.S., M.A., E.C., D.C., E.L.-G., S.Y., N.A., D.J., S.L., A.P., N.R., S.Z., L.Z., S.S.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Lior Zangi
- Cardiovascular Research Institute (X.L., S.L.S., M.A., E.C., D.C., E.L.-G., S.Y., N.A., D.J., S.L., A.P., N.R., S.Z., L.Z., S.S.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Edgar Gonzalez-Kozlova
- Department of Oncological Sciences (E.G.-K.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Nicole Dubois
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology (N. Dubois), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
- Mindich Child Health and Development Institute (N. Dubois), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Navneet Dogra
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (N. Dogra), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
- Icahn Genomics Institute (N.Dogra), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Roger J Hajjar
- Gene and Cell Therapy Institute, Massachusetts General Brigham, Boston (R.J.H.)
| | - Susmita Sahoo
- Cardiovascular Research Institute (X.L., S.L.S., M.A., E.C., D.C., E.L.-G., S.Y., N.A., D.J., S.L., A.P., N.R., S.Z., L.Z., S.S.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
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3
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Niu C, Jiang H, Wu M, Zou T, Wu X, Lu Y, Deng L, Guo T, Si CY, Zhang J. Mechanical isolation of neonatal and adult mouse dura leukocytes for flow cytometry analysis. STAR Protoc 2023; 4:102272. [PMID: 37126441 PMCID: PMC10165444 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2023.102272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The meninges, consisting of the pia, arachnoid, and dura layers, provide immunosurveillance of the central nervous system with both innate and adaptive immune cells. Here we present an optimized protocol for isolating dura leukocytes from neonatal and adult mice. We describe steps for harvesting the skull cap, extracting the dura mater, mechanical isolation of dura leukocytes, and flow cytometry analysis. Unlike the time-consuming enzymatic digestion isolation which makes dura hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) undetectable, this rapid and simplified technique permits dura HSC identification. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Niu et al. (2022).1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxiao Niu
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China.
| | - Hui Jiang
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Mengyao Wu
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Tao Zou
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Xian Wu
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Yuchen Lu
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Lijiao Deng
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Tingting Guo
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Chuan-Yimu Si
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Jiyan Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China; Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 102206, China.
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4
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TRPC1 Contributes to Endotoxemia-induced Myocardial Dysfunction via Mediating Myocardial Apoptosis and Autophagy. Pharmacol Res 2022; 181:106262. [PMID: 35598715 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac dysfunction is a vital complication of endotoxemia (ETM) with limited therapeutic options. Transient receptor potential canonical channel (TRPC)1 was involved in various heart diseases. While, the role of TRPC1 in ETM-induced cardiac dysfunction remains to be defined. In this study, we found that TRPC1 protein expression was significantly upregulated in hearts of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-challenged mice. What's more, TRPC1 knockdown significantly alleviated LPS-induced cardiac dysfunction and injury. Further myocardial mRNA-sequencing analysis revealed that TRPC1 might participate in pathogenesis of ETM-induced cardiac dysfunction via mediating myocardial apoptosis and autophagy. Data showed that knockdown of TRPC1 significantly ameliorated LPS-induced myocardial apoptotic injury, cardiomyocytes autophagosome accumulation, and myocardial autophagic flux. Simultaneously, deletion of TRPC1 reversed LPS-induced molecular changes of apoptosis/autophagy signaling pathway in cardiomyocytes. Moreover, TRPC1 could promote LPS-triggered intracellular Ca2+ release, subsequent calpain activation and caveolin-1 degradation. Either blocking calpain by PD150606 or enhancing the amount of caveolin-1 scaffolding domain that interacts with TRPC1 by cell-permeable peptide cavtratin significantly alleviated the LPS-induced cardiac dysfunction and cardiomyocytes apoptosis/autophagy. Furthermore, cavtratin could inhibit LPS-induced calpain activation in cardiomyocytes. caveolin-1 could directly interact with calpain 2 both in vivo and in vitro. Importantly, cecal ligation and puncture-stimulated cardiac dysfunction and mortality were significantly alleviated in Trpc1-/- and cavtratin-treated mice, which further validated the contribution of TRPC1-caveolin-1 signaling axis in sepsis-induced pathological process. Overall, this study indicated that TRPC1 could promote LPS-triggered intracellular Ca2+ release, mediate caveolin-1 reduction, and in turn activates calpain to regulate myocardial apoptosis and autophagy, contributing to ETM-induced cardiac dysfunction of mice.
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5
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Sung YL, Wang TW, Lin TT, Lin SF. Optogenetics in cardiology: methodology and future applications. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARRHYTHMIA 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s42444-022-00060-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractOptogenetics is an emerging biological approach with the unique capability of specific targeting due to the precise light control with high spatial and temporal resolution. It uses selected light wavelengths to control and modulate the biological functions of cells, tissues, and organ levels. Optogenetics has been instrumental in different biomedical applications, including neuroscience, diabetes, and mitochondria, based on distinctive optical biomedical effects with light modulation. Nowadays, optogenetics in cardiology is rapidly evolving for the understanding and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Several in vitro and in vivo research for cardiac optogenetics demonstrated visible progress. The optogenetics technique can be applied to address critical cardiovascular problems such as heart failure and arrhythmia. To this end, this paper reviews cardiac electrophysiology and the technical progress about experimental and clinical cardiac optogenetics and provides the background and evolution of cardiac optogenetics. We reviewed the literature to demonstrate the servo type, transfection efficiency, signal recording, and heart disease targets in optogenetic applications. Such literature review would hopefully expedite the progress of optogenetics in cardiology and further expect to translate into the clinical terminal in the future.
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6
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Kok CY, MacLean LM, Ho JC, Lisowski L, Kizana E. Potential Applications for Targeted Gene Therapy to Protect Against Anthracycline Cardiotoxicity: JACC: CardioOncology Primer. JACC CardioOncol 2022; 3:650-662. [PMID: 34988473 PMCID: PMC8702812 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaccao.2021.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthracyclines are associated with risk of significant dose-dependent cardiotoxicity. Conventional heart failure therapies have neither ameliorated declining cardiac function nor addressed the underlying cause. Gene therapy may confer long-term cardioprotection by rendering the heart resistant to anthracyclines after 1 treatment, although the optimal therapeutic target remains to be elucidated. Recombinant adeno-associated virus is now clinically approved for the treatment of lipoprotein lipase deficiency, spinal muscular atrophy, and hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis. High-throughput methods allow selection of recombinant adeno-associated virus capsids that facilitate efficient gene delivery to specific target cells. Vector safety is enhanced by incorporating cardiac-specific promoters into vector design and localizing delivery to reduce off-target risk. Any cardioprotective transgene may bear a degree of risk as they may play as yet unknown roles, which require careful assessment using clinically relevant models. The innovative technologies outlined here make gene therapy a promising proof of principle, with potential further application to nonanthracycline chemotherapeutics. Protection against anthracycline cardiotoxicity may be achieved by gene delivery to the heart. The optimal cardioprotective target gene remains to be identified. Targeted gene expression in human myocytes can now be achieved with advances in AAV vectorology. It is critical to minimize risk of off-target effects which may impede anthracycline oncotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Y Kok
- Centre for Heart Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Westmead Clinical School, the Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lauren M MacLean
- Centre for Heart Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jett C Ho
- Centre for Heart Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Leszek Lisowski
- Military Institute of Medicine, Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Innovative Therapies, Warsaw, Poland.,Translational Vectorology Research Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia.,Vector and Genome Engineering Facility, Children's Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Eddy Kizana
- Centre for Heart Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Westmead Clinical School, the Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Cardiology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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7
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De Geest B, Mishra M. Role of Oxidative Stress in Heart Failure: Insights from Gene Transfer Studies. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9111645. [PMID: 34829874 PMCID: PMC8615706 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Under physiological circumstances, there is an exquisite balance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and ROS degradation, resulting in low steady-state ROS levels. ROS participate in normal cellular function and in cellular homeostasis. Oxidative stress is the state of a transient or a persistent increase of steady-state ROS levels leading to disturbed signaling pathways and oxidative modification of cellular constituents. It is a key pathophysiological player in pathological hypertrophy, pathological remodeling, and the development and progression of heart failure. The heart is the metabolically most active organ and is characterized by the highest content of mitochondria of any tissue. Mitochondria are the main source of ROS in the myocardium. The causal role of oxidative stress in heart failure is highlighted by gene transfer studies of three primary antioxidant enzymes, thioredoxin, and heme oxygenase-1, and is further supported by gene therapy studies directed at correcting oxidative stress linked to metabolic risk factors. Moreover, gene transfer studies have demonstrated that redox-sensitive microRNAs constitute potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of heart failure. In conclusion, gene therapy studies have provided strong corroborative evidence for a key role of oxidative stress in pathological remodeling and in the development of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart De Geest
- Centre for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Catholic University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-16-372-059
| | - Mudit Mishra
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands;
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8
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Sullivan HL, Gianneschi NC, Christman KL. Targeted nanoscale therapeutics for myocardial infarction. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:1204-1216. [PMID: 33367371 PMCID: PMC7932032 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm01677b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Nanoscale therapeutics have promise for the administration of therapeutic small molecules and biologics to the heart following myocardial infarction. Directed delivery to the infarcted region of the heart using minimally invasive routes is critical to this promise. In this review, we will discuss the advances and design considerations for two nanoscale therapeutics engineered to target the infarcted heart, nanoparticles and adeno-associated viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly L Sullivan
- Department of Bioengineering and Sanford Consortium for Regenerative, Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, USA.
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9
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Gladka MM, Kohela A, Molenaar B, Versteeg D, Kooijman L, Monshouwer-Kloots J, Kremer V, Vos HR, Huibers MMH, Haigh JJ, Huylebroeck D, Boon RA, Giacca M, van Rooij E. Cardiomyocytes stimulate angiogenesis after ischemic injury in a ZEB2-dependent manner. Nat Commun 2021; 12:84. [PMID: 33398012 PMCID: PMC7782784 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20361-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The disruption in blood supply due to myocardial infarction is a critical determinant for infarct size and subsequent deterioration in function. The identification of factors that enhance cardiac repair by the restoration of the vascular network is, therefore, of great significance. Here, we show that the transcription factor Zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 2 (ZEB2) is increased in stressed cardiomyocytes and induces a cardioprotective cross-talk between cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells to enhance angiogenesis after ischemia. Single-cell sequencing indicates ZEB2 to be enriched in injured cardiomyocytes. Cardiomyocyte-specific deletion of ZEB2 results in impaired cardiac contractility and infarct healing post-myocardial infarction (post-MI), while cardiomyocyte-specific ZEB2 overexpression improves cardiomyocyte survival and cardiac function. We identified Thymosin β4 (TMSB4) and Prothymosin α (PTMA) as main paracrine factors released from cardiomyocytes to stimulate angiogenesis by enhancing endothelial cell migration, and whose regulation is validated in our in vivo models. Therapeutic delivery of ZEB2 to cardiomyocytes in the infarcted heart induces the expression of TMSB4 and PTMA, which enhances angiogenesis and prevents cardiac dysfunction. These findings reveal ZEB2 as a beneficial factor during ischemic injury, which may hold promise for the identification of new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika M Gladka
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Arwa Kohela
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bas Molenaar
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Danielle Versteeg
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lieneke Kooijman
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jantine Monshouwer-Kloots
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Veerle Kremer
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam University Medical Center VU, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Harmjan R Vos
- Molecular Cancer Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Manon M H Huibers
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jody J Haigh
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Danny Huylebroeck
- Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Development and Regeneration, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Reinier A Boon
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam University Medical Center VU, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Mauro Giacca
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Eva van Rooij
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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10
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Cardiac Optogenetics in Atrial Fibrillation: Current Challenges and Future Opportunities. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:8814092. [PMID: 33195698 PMCID: PMC7641281 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8814092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Although rarely life-threatening on short term, atrial fibrillation leads to increased mortality and decreased quality of life through its complications, including heart failure and stroke. Recent studies highlight the benefits of maintaining sinus rhythm. However, pharmacological long-term rhythm control strategies may be shadowed by associated proarrhythmic effects. At the same time, electrical cardioversion is limited to hospitals, while catheter ablation therapy, although effective, is invasive and is dedicated to specific patients, usually with low amounts of atrial fibrosis (preferably Utah I-II). Cardiac optogenetics allows influencing the heart's electrical activity by applying specific wavelength light pulses to previously engineered cardiomyocytes into expressing microbial derived light-sensitive proteins called opsins. The resulting ion influx may give rise to either hyperpolarizing or depolarizing currents, thus offering a therapeutic potential in cardiac electrophysiology, including pacing, resynchronization, and arrhythmia termination. Optogenetic atrial fibrillation cardioversion might be achieved by inducing a conduction block or filling of the excitable gap. The authors agree that transmural opsin expression and appropriate illumination with an exposure time longer than the arrhythmia cycle length are necessary to achieve successful arrhythmia termination. However, the efficiency and safety of biological cardioversion in humans remain to be seen, as well as side effects such as immune reactions and loss of opsin expression. The possibility of delivering pain-free shocks with out-of-hospital biological cardioversion is tempting; however, there are several issues that need to be addressed first: applicability and safety in humans, long-term behaviour, anticoagulation requirements, and fibrosis interactions.
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11
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Yan Z, Spaulding HR. Extracellular superoxide dismutase, a molecular transducer of health benefits of exercise. Redox Biol 2020; 32:101508. [PMID: 32220789 PMCID: PMC7109453 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular superoxide dismutase (EcSOD) is the only extracellular scavenger of superoxide anion (O2.-) with unique binding capacity to cell surface and extracellular matrix through its heparin-binding domain. Enhanced EcSOD activity prevents oxidative stress and damage, which are fundamental in a variety of disease pathologies. In this review we will discuss the findings in humans and animal studies supporting the benefits of EcSOD induced by exercise training in reducing oxidative stress in various tissues. In particularly, we will highlight the importance of skeletal muscle EcSOD, which is induced by endurance exercise and redistributed through the circulation to the peripheral tissues, as a molecular transducer of exercise training to confer protection against oxidative stress and damage in various disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Yan
- Center for Skeletal Muscle Research at Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.
| | - Hannah R Spaulding
- Center for Skeletal Muscle Research at Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
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12
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Taniguchi Y, Oyama N, Fumoto S, Kinoshita H, Yamashita F, Shimizu K, Hashida M, Kawakami S. Tissue suction-mediated gene transfer to the beating heart in mice. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228203. [PMID: 32027678 PMCID: PMC7004367 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously developed an in vivo site-specific transfection method using a suction device in mice; namely, a tissue suction-mediated transfection method (tissue suction method). The aim of this study was to apply the tissue suction method for cardiac gene transfer. Naked plasmid DNA (pDNA) was intravenously injected in mice, followed by direct suction on the beating heart by using a suction device made of polydimethylsiloxane. We first examined the effects of suction conditions on transgene expression and toxicity. Subsequently, we analyzed transgene-expressing cells and the transfected region of the heart. We found that heart suction induced transgene expression, and that −75 kPa and −90 kPa of suction achieved high transgene expression. In addition, the inner diameter of the suction device was correlated with transgene expression, but the pressure hold time did not change transgene expression. Although the tissue suction method at −75 kPa induced a transient increase in the serum cardiac toxicity markers at 6 h after transfection, these markers returned to normal at 24 h. The cardiac damage was also analyzed through the measurement of hypertrophic gene expression, but no significant differences were found. In addition, the cardiac function monitored by echocardiography remained normal at 11 days after transfection. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that CD31-positive endothelial cells co-expressed the ZsGreen1-N1 reporter gene. In conclusion, the tissue suction method can achieve an efficient and safe gene transfer to the beating heart in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yota Taniguchi
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Sakamotomachi, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Natsuko Oyama
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Sakamotomachi, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Shintaro Fumoto
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Sakamotomachi, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Kinoshita
- Department of Community Medicine Supporting System, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Fumiyoshi Yamashita
- Department of Drug Delivery Research, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Yoshida-shimoadachi cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazunori Shimizu
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Hashida
- Department of Drug Delivery Research, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Yoshida-shimoadachi cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shigeru Kawakami
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Sakamotomachi, Nagasaki, Japan
- * E-mail:
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13
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García‐Olloqui P, Rodriguez‐Madoz JR, Di Scala M, Abizanda G, Vales Á, Olagüe C, Iglesias‐García O, Larequi E, Aguado‐Alvaro LP, Ruiz‐Villalba A, Prosper F, Gonzalez‐Aseguinolaza G, Pelacho B. Effect of heart ischemia and administration route on biodistribution and transduction efficiency of AAV9 vectors. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2019; 14:123-134. [DOI: 10.1002/term.2974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Paula García‐Olloqui
- Regenerative Medicine DepartmentCenter for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra Pamplona Spain
| | | | - Marianna Di Scala
- Gene Therapy DepartmentFoundation for Applied Medical Research Pamplona Spain
| | - Gloria Abizanda
- Regenerative Medicine DepartmentCenter for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra Pamplona Spain
| | - África Vales
- Gene Therapy DepartmentFoundation for Applied Medical Research Pamplona Spain
| | - Cristina Olagüe
- Gene Therapy DepartmentFoundation for Applied Medical Research Pamplona Spain
| | - Olalla Iglesias‐García
- Regenerative Medicine DepartmentCenter for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra Pamplona Spain
| | - Eduardo Larequi
- Regenerative Medicine DepartmentCenter for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra Pamplona Spain
| | - Laura Pilar Aguado‐Alvaro
- Regenerative Medicine DepartmentCenter for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra Pamplona Spain
| | - Adrián Ruiz‐Villalba
- Regenerative Medicine DepartmentCenter for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra Pamplona Spain
| | - Felipe Prosper
- Regenerative Medicine DepartmentCenter for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra Pamplona Spain
- Hematology and Cell Therapy DepartmentClínica Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarra Pamplona Spain
| | | | - Beatriz Pelacho
- Regenerative Medicine DepartmentCenter for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra Pamplona Spain
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14
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Chandra R, Engeln M, Schiefer C, Patton MH, Martin JA, Werner CT, Riggs LM, Francis TC, McGlincy M, Evans B, Nam H, Das S, Girven K, Konkalmatt P, Gancarz AM, Golden SA, Iñiguez SD, Russo SJ, Turecki G, Mathur BN, Creed M, Dietz DM, Lobo MK. Drp1 Mitochondrial Fission in D1 Neurons Mediates Behavioral and Cellular Plasticity during Early Cocaine Abstinence. Neuron 2019; 96:1327-1341.e6. [PMID: 29268097 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2017.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Altered brain energy homeostasis is a key adaptation occurring in the cocaine-addicted brain, but the effect of cocaine on the fundamental source of energy, mitochondria, is unknown. We demonstrate an increase of dynamin-related protein-1 (Drp1), the mitochondrial fission mediator, in nucleus accumbens (NAc) after repeated cocaine exposure and in cocaine-dependent individuals. Mdivi-1, a demonstrated fission inhibitor, blunts cocaine seeking and locomotor sensitization, while blocking c-Fos induction and excitatory input onto dopamine receptor-1 (D1) containing NAc medium spiny neurons (MSNs). Drp1 and fission promoting Drp1 are increased in D1-MSNs, consistent with increased smaller mitochondria in D1-MSN dendrites after repeated cocaine. Knockdown of Drp1 in D1-MSNs blocks drug seeking after cocaine self-administration, while enhancing the fission promoting Drp1 enhances seeking after long-term abstinence from cocaine. We demonstrate a role for altered mitochondrial fission in the NAc, during early cocaine abstinence, suggesting potential therapeutic treatment of disrupting mitochondrial fission in cocaine addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Chandra
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michel Engeln
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Christopher Schiefer
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mary H Patton
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jennifer A Martin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The Research Institution on Addictions, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Craig T Werner
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The Research Institution on Addictions, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Lace M Riggs
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - T Chase Francis
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Madeleine McGlincy
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Brianna Evans
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hyungwoo Nam
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Shweta Das
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kasey Girven
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Prasad Konkalmatt
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, The George Washington University, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - Amy M Gancarz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The Research Institution on Addictions, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Sam A Golden
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sergio D Iñiguez
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Scott J Russo
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gustavo Turecki
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Brian N Mathur
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Meaghan Creed
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David M Dietz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The Research Institution on Addictions, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Mary Kay Lobo
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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15
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van Lieshout LP, Soule G, Sorensen D, Frost KL, He S, Tierney K, Safronetz D, Booth SA, Kobinger GP, Qiu X, Wootton SK. Intramuscular Adeno-Associated Virus-Mediated Expression of Monoclonal Antibodies Provides 100% Protection Against Ebola Virus Infection in Mice. J Infect Dis 2019; 217:916-925. [PMID: 29365142 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jix644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The 2013-2016 West Africa outbreak demonstrated the epidemic potential of Ebola virus and highlighted the need for counter strategies. Monoclonal antibody (mAb)-based therapies hold promise as treatment options for Ebola virus infections. However, production of clinical-grade mAbs is labor intensive, and immunity is short lived. Conversely, adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated mAb gene transfer provides the host with a genetic blueprint to manufacture mAbs in vivo, leading to steady release of antibody over many months. Here we demonstrate that AAV-mediated expression of nonneutralizing mAb 5D2 or 7C9 confers 100% protection against mouse-adapted Ebola virus infection, while neutralizing mAb 2G4 was 83% protective. A 2-component cocktail, AAV-2G4/AAV-5D2, provided complete protection when administered 7 days prior to challenge and was partially protective with a 3-day lead time. Finally, AAV-mAb therapies provided sustained protection from challenge 5 months following AAV administration. AAV-mAb may be a viable alternative strategy for vaccination against emerging infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Geoff Soule
- Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens Program, Canada
| | - Debra Sorensen
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Kathy L Frost
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Shihua He
- Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens Program, Canada
| | - Kevin Tierney
- Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens Program, Canada
| | - David Safronetz
- Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens Program, Canada.,Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Stephanie A Booth
- Molecular Pathobiology, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Canada
| | - Gary P Kobinger
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec City, Canada
| | - Xiangguo Qiu
- Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens Program, Canada.,Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
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16
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake M. Kieserman
- Division of CardiologyThe Department of MedicineLewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple UniversityPhiladelphiaPA
| | - Valerie D. Myers
- Division of CardiologyThe Department of MedicineLewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple UniversityPhiladelphiaPA
| | - Praveen Dubey
- Division of CardiologyThe Department of MedicineLewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple UniversityPhiladelphiaPA
| | - Joseph Y. Cheung
- Division of CardiologyThe Department of MedicineLewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple UniversityPhiladelphiaPA
| | - Arthur M. Feldman
- Division of CardiologyThe Department of MedicineLewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple UniversityPhiladelphiaPA
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17
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Divakaruni SS, Van Dyke AM, Chandra R, LeGates TA, Contreras M, Dharmasri PA, Higgs HN, Lobo MK, Thompson SM, Blanpied TA. Long-Term Potentiation Requires a Rapid Burst of Dendritic Mitochondrial Fission during Induction. Neuron 2018; 100:860-875.e7. [PMID: 30318410 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2018.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Synaptic transmission is bioenergetically demanding, and the diverse processes underlying synaptic plasticity elevate these demands. Therefore, mitochondrial functions, including ATP synthesis and Ca2+ handling, are likely essential for plasticity. Although axonal mitochondria have been extensively analyzed, LTP is predominantly induced postsynaptically, where mitochondria are understudied. Additionally, though mitochondrial fission is essential for their function, signaling pathways that regulate fission in neurons remain poorly understood. We found that NMDAR-dependent LTP induction prompted a rapid burst of dendritic mitochondrial fission and elevations of mitochondrial matrix Ca2+. The fission burst was triggered by cytosolic Ca2+ elevation and required CaMKII, actin, and Drp1, as well as dynamin 2. Preventing fission impaired mitochondrial matrix Ca2+ elevations, structural LTP in cultured neurons, and electrophysiological LTP in hippocampal slices. These data illustrate a novel pathway whereby synaptic activity controls mitochondrial fission and show that dynamic control of fission regulates plasticity induction, perhaps by modulating mitochondrial Ca2+ handling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Sachin Divakaruni
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Adam M Van Dyke
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Ramesh Chandra
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Tara A LeGates
- Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Minerva Contreras
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Poorna A Dharmasri
- Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Henry N Higgs
- Department of Biochemistry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Mary Kay Lobo
- Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Scott M Thompson
- Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Thomas A Blanpied
- Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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18
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Nyns ECA, Kip A, Bart CI, Plomp JJ, Zeppenfeld K, Schalij MJ, de Vries AAF, Pijnappels DA. Optogenetic termination of ventricular arrhythmias in the whole heart: towards biological cardiac rhythm management. Eur Heart J 2018; 38:2132-2136. [PMID: 28011703 PMCID: PMC5837774 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehw574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Current treatments of ventricular arrhythmias rely on modulation of cardiac electrical function through drugs, ablation or electroshocks, which are all non-biological and rather unspecific, irreversible or traumatizing interventions. Optogenetics, however, is a novel, biological technique allowing electrical modulation in a specific, reversible and trauma-free manner using light-gated ion channels. The aim of our study was to investigate optogenetic termination of ventricular arrhythmias in the whole heart. Methods and results Systemic delivery of cardiotropic adeno-associated virus vectors, encoding the light-gated depolarizing ion channel red-activatable channelrhodopsin (ReaChR), resulted in global cardiomyocyte-restricted transgene expression in adult Wistar rat hearts allowing ReaChR-mediated depolarization and pacing. Next, ventricular tachyarrhythmias (VTs) were induced in the optogenetically modified hearts by burst pacing in a Langendorff setup, followed by programmed, local epicardial illumination. A single 470-nm light pulse (1000 ms, 2.97 mW/mm2) terminated 97% of monomorphic and 57% of polymorphic VTs vs. 0% without illumination, as assessed by electrocardiogram recordings. Optical mapping showed significant prolongation of voltage signals just before arrhythmia termination. Pharmacological action potential duration (APD) shortening almost fully inhibited light-induced arrhythmia termination indicating an important role for APD in this process. Conclusion Brief local epicardial illumination of the optogenetically modified adult rat heart allows contact- and shock-free termination of ventricular arrhythmias in an effective and repetitive manner after optogenetic modification. These findings could lay the basis for the development of fundamentally new and biological options for cardiac arrhythmia management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emile C A Nyns
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology,Department of Cardiology, Heart Lung Center Leiden, Albinusdreef 2, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Annemarie Kip
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology,Department of Cardiology, Heart Lung Center Leiden, Albinusdreef 2, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Cindy I Bart
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology,Department of Cardiology, Heart Lung Center Leiden, Albinusdreef 2, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap J Plomp
- Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Katja Zeppenfeld
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology,Department of Cardiology, Heart Lung Center Leiden, Albinusdreef 2, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Martin J Schalij
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology,Department of Cardiology, Heart Lung Center Leiden, Albinusdreef 2, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Antoine A F de Vries
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology,Department of Cardiology, Heart Lung Center Leiden, Albinusdreef 2, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Daniël A Pijnappels
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology,Department of Cardiology, Heart Lung Center Leiden, Albinusdreef 2, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
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19
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Non-invasive detection of adeno-associated viral gene transfer using a genetically encoded CEST-MRI reporter gene in the murine heart. Sci Rep 2018; 8:4638. [PMID: 29545551 PMCID: PMC5854573 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22993-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Research into gene therapy for heart failure has gained renewed interest as a result of improved safety and availability of adeno-associated viral vectors (AAV). While magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is standard for functional assessment of gene therapy outcomes, quantitation of gene transfer/expression relies upon tissue biopsy, fluorescence or nuclear imaging. Imaging of gene expression through the use of genetically encoded chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST)-MRI reporter genes could be combined with clinical cardiac MRI methods to comprehensively probe therapeutic gene expression and subsequent outcomes. The CEST-MRI reporter gene Lysine Rich Protein (LRP) was cloned into an AAV9 vector and either administered systemically via tail vein injection or directly injected into the left ventricular free wall of mice. Longitudinal in vivo CEST-MRI performed at days 15 and 45 after direct injection or at 1, 60 and 90 days after systemic injection revealed robust CEST contrast in myocardium that was later confirmed to express LRP by immunostaining. Ventricular structure and function were not impacted by expression of LRP in either study arm. The ability to quantify and link therapeutic gene expression to functional outcomes can provide rich data for further development of gene therapy for heart failure.
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20
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Call JA, Donet J, Martin KS, Sharma AK, Chen X, Zhang J, Cai J, Galarreta CA, Okutsu M, Du Z, Lira VA, Zhang M, Mehrad B, Annex BH, Klibanov AL, Bowler RP, Laubach VE, Peirce SM, Yan Z. Muscle-derived extracellular superoxide dismutase inhibits endothelial activation and protects against multiple organ dysfunction syndrome in mice. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 113:212-223. [PMID: 28982599 PMCID: PMC5740866 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) is a detrimental clinical complication in critically ill patients with high mortality. Emerging evidence suggests that oxidative stress and endothelial activation (induced expression of adhesion molecules) of vital organ vasculatures are key, early steps in the pathogenesis. We aimed to ascertain the role and mechanism(s) of enhanced extracellular superoxide dismutase (EcSOD) expression in skeletal muscle in protection against MODS induced by endotoxemia. We showed that EcSOD overexpressed in skeletal muscle-specific transgenic mice (TG) redistributes to other peripheral organs through the circulation and enriches at the endothelium of the vasculatures. TG mice are resistant to endotoxemia (induced by lipopolysaccharide [LPS] injection) in developing MODS with significantly reduced mortality and organ damages compared with the wild type littermates (WT). Heterogenic parabiosis between TG and WT mice conferred a significant protection to WT mice, whereas mice with R213G knock-in mutation, a human single nucleotide polymorphism leading to reduced binding EcSOD in peripheral organs, exacerbated the organ damages. Mechanistically, EcSOD inhibits vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 expression and inflammatory leukocyte adhesion to the vascular wall of vital organs, blocking an early step of the pathology in organ damage under endotoxemia. Therefore, enhanced expression of EcSOD in skeletal muscle profoundly protects against MODS by inhibiting endothelial activation and inflammatory cell adhesion, which could be a promising therapy for MODS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarrod A Call
- Center for Skeletal Muscle Research at Robert Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Departments of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Jean Donet
- Center for Skeletal Muscle Research at Robert Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Departments of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Kyle S Martin
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Ashish K Sharma
- Departments of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Xiaobin Chen
- Center for Skeletal Muscle Research at Robert Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Department of Cardiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan Province 410008, China
| | - Jiuzhi Zhang
- Center for Skeletal Muscle Research at Robert Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Department of Critical Care Medicine and Institute of Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliate Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 222 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning Province 116011, China
| | - Jie Cai
- Center for Skeletal Muscle Research at Robert Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Department of Infectious Disease, First Affiliate Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210029, China
| | - Carolina A Galarreta
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Mitsuharu Okutsu
- Center for Skeletal Muscle Research at Robert Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Departments of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Zhongmin Du
- Departments of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Vitor A Lira
- Center for Skeletal Muscle Research at Robert Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Departments of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Mei Zhang
- Center for Skeletal Muscle Research at Robert Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Departments of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Borna Mehrad
- Departments of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Brian H Annex
- Departments of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | | | - Russell P Bowler
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Victor E Laubach
- Departments of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Shayn M Peirce
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Zhen Yan
- Center for Skeletal Muscle Research at Robert Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Departments of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Departments of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Departments of Molecular Physiology & Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
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21
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Francis TC, Chandra R, Gaynor A, Konkalmatt P, Metzbower SR, Evans B, Engeln M, Blanpied TA, Lobo MK. Molecular basis of dendritic atrophy and activity in stress susceptibility. Mol Psychiatry 2017; 22:1512-1519. [PMID: 28894298 PMCID: PMC5747312 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2017.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Molecular and cellular adaptations in nucleus accumbens (NAc) medium spiny neurons (MSNs) underlie stress-induced depression-like behavior, but the molecular substrates mediating cellular plasticity and activity in MSN subtypes in stress susceptibility are poorly understood. We find the transcription factor early growth response 3 (EGR3) is increased in D1 receptor containing MSNs of mice susceptible to social defeat stress. Genetic reduction of Egr3 levels in D1-MSNs prevented depression-like outcomes in stress susceptible mice by preventing D1-MSN dendritic atrophy, reduced frequency of excitatory input and altered in vivo activity. Overall, we identify NAc neuronal-subtype molecular control of dendritic morphology and related functional adaptations, which underlie susceptibility to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- TC Francis
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - R Chandra
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - A Gaynor
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - P Konkalmatt
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - SR Metzbower
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - B Evans
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - M Engeln
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - TA Blanpied
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - MK Lobo
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
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22
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Cao W, Chang YF, Zhao AC, Chen BD, Liu F, Ma YT, Ma X. Synergistic cardioprotective effects of rAAV9-CyclinA2 combined with fibrin glue in rats after myocardial infarction. J Mol Histol 2017. [PMID: 28643114 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-017-9725-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the protective effects of rAAV9-CyclinA2 combined with fibrin glue (FG) in vivo in rats after myocardial infarction (MI). Ninety male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into 6 groups (15 in each group): sham, MI, rAAV9-green fluorescent protein (GFP) + MI, rAAV9-CyclinA2 + MI, FG + MI, and rAAV9-CyclinA2 + FG + MI. Packed virus (5 × 1011vg/ml) in 150 µl of normal saline or FG was injected into the infarcted myocardium at five locations in rAAV9-GFP + MI, rAAV9-CyclinA2 + MI, and rAAV9-CyclinA2 + FG + MI groups. The sham, MI, and FG + MI groups were injected with an equal volume of normal saline or FG at the same sites. Five weeks after injection, echocardiography was performed to evaluate the left ventricular function. The expressions of CyclinA2, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and phospho-histone-H3 (H3P), vascular density, and infarct area were assessed by Western blot, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, and Masson staining. As a result, the combination of rAAV9-CyclinA2 and FG increased ejection fraction and fractional shortening compared with FG or rAAV9-CyclinA2 alone. The expression level of CyclinA2 was significantly higher in the rAAV9-CyclinA2 + FG + MI group compared with the rAAV9-CyclinA2 + MI and FG + MI groups (70.1 ± 1.86% vs. 14.74 ± 2.02%, P < 0.01; or vs. 50.13 ± 3.80%; P < 0.01). A higher expression level of PCNA and H3P was found in the rAAV9-CyclinA2 + FG + MI group compared with other groups. Comparing with other experiment groups, collagen deposition and the infarct size significantly decreased in rAAV9-CyclinA2 + Fibrin + MI group. The vascular density was much higher in the rAAV9-CyclinA2 + FG + MI group compared with the rAAV9-CyclinA2 + MI group. We concluded that fibrin glue combined with rAAV9-CyclinA2 was found to be effective in cardiac remodeling and improving myocardial protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Cao
- Department of Cardiology, Second People's Hospital of Wuxi, 68 Zhongshan Road, Wuxi, 214000, China
| | - Ya-Fei Chang
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, 137 Liyushan Road, Urumqi, 830054, China
| | - Ai-Chao Zhao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, People's Hospital of Dezhou, 1751 Xihu Road, Dezhou, 253000, China
| | - Bang-Dang Chen
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, 137 Liyushan Road, Urumqi, 830054, China
| | - Fen Liu
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, 137 Liyushan Road, Urumqi, 830054, China
| | - Yi-Tong Ma
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, 137 Liyushan Road, Urumqi, 830054, China.
| | - Xiang Ma
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, 137 Liyushan Road, Urumqi, 830054, China.
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23
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Gu X, Matsumura Y, Tang Y, Roy S, Hoff R, Wang B, Wagner WR. Sustained viral gene delivery from a micro-fibrous, elastomeric cardiac patch to the ischemic rat heart. Biomaterials 2017; 133:132-143. [PMID: 28433936 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradable and elastomeric patches have been applied to the surface of infarcted hearts as temporary mechanical supports to effectively alter adverse left ventricular remodeling processes. In this report, recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV), known for its persistent transgene expression and low pathogenicity, was incorporated into elastomeric polyester urethane urea (PEUU) and polyester ether urethane urea (PEEUU) and processed by electrospinning into two formats (solid fibers and core-sheath fibers) designed to influence the controlled release behavior. The extended release of AAV encoding green fluorescent protein (GFP) was assessed in vitro. Sustained and localized viral particle delivery was achieved over 2 months in vitro. The biodegradable cardiac patches with or without AAV-GFP were implanted over rat left ventricular lesions three days following myocardial infarction to evaluate the transduction effect of released viral vectors. AAV particles were directly injected into the infarcted hearts as a control. Cardiac function and remodeling were significantly improved for 12 weeks after patch implantation compared to AAV injection. More GFP genes was expressed in the AAV patch group than AAV injection group, with both α-SMA positive cells and cardiac troponin T positive cells transduced in the patch group. Overall, the extended release behavior, prolonged transgene expression, and elastomeric mechanical properties make the AAV-loaded scaffold an attractive option for cardiac tissue engineering where both gene delivery and appropriate mechanical support are desired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinzhu Gu
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Yasumoto Matsumura
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Ying Tang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Souvik Roy
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Richard Hoff
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Bing Wang
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - William R Wagner
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA.
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24
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Hoelscher SC, Doppler SA, Dreßen M, Lahm H, Lange R, Krane M. MicroRNAs: pleiotropic players in congenital heart disease and regeneration. J Thorac Dis 2017; 9:S64-S81. [PMID: 28446969 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2017.03.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the leading cause of infant death, affecting approximately 4-14 live births per 1,000. Although surgical techniques and interventions have improved significantly, a large number of infants still face poor clinical outcomes. MicroRNAs (miRs) are known to coordinately regulate cardiac development and stimulate pathological processes in the heart, including fibrosis or hypertrophy and impair angiogenesis. Dysregulation of these regulators could therefore contribute (I) to the initial development of CHD and (II) at least partially to the observed clinical outcomes of many CHD patients by stimulating the aforementioned pathways. Thus, miRs may exhibit great potential as therapeutic targets in regenerative medicine. In this review we provide an overview of miR function and elucidate their role in selected CHDs, including hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS), tetralogy of Fallot (TOF), ventricular septal defects (VSDs) and Holt-Oram syndrome (HOS). We then bridge this knowledge to the potential usefulness of miRs and/or their targets in therapeutic strategies for regenerative purposes in CHDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C Hoelscher
- Division of Experimental Surgery, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, German Heart Center Munich, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefanie A Doppler
- Division of Experimental Surgery, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, German Heart Center Munich, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Martina Dreßen
- Division of Experimental Surgery, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, German Heart Center Munich, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Harald Lahm
- Division of Experimental Surgery, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, German Heart Center Munich, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Lange
- Division of Experimental Surgery, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, German Heart Center Munich, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Krane
- Division of Experimental Surgery, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, German Heart Center Munich, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
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25
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Systemic injection of AAV9 carrying a periostin promoter targets gene expression to a myofibroblast-like lineage in mouse hearts after reperfused myocardial infarction. Gene Ther 2016; 23:469-78. [PMID: 26926804 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2016.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Adeno-associated virus (AAV) has been used to direct gene transfer to a variety of tissues, including heart, liver, skeletal muscle, brain, kidney and lung, but it has not previously been shown to effectively target fibroblasts in vivo, including cardiac fibroblasts. We constructed expression cassettes using a modified periostin promoter to drive gene expression in a cardiac myofibroblast-like lineage, with only occasional spillover into cardiomyocyte-like cells. We compared AAV serotypes 6 and 9 and found robust gene expression when the vectors were delivered by systemic injection after myocardial infarction (MI), with little expression in healthy, non-infarcted mice. AAV9 provided expression in a greater number of cells than AAV6, with reporter gene expression visible in the cardiac infarct and border zones from 5 to 62 days post MI, as assessed by luciferase and Cre-activated green fluorescent protein expression. Although common myofibroblast markers were expressed in low abundance, most of the targeted cells expressed myosin IIb, an embryonic form of smooth muscle myosin heavy chain that has previously been associated with myofibroblasts after reperfused MI. This study is the first to demonstrate AAV-mediated expression in a potentially novel myofibroblast-like lineage in mouse hearts post MI and may open new avenues of gene therapy to treat patients surviving MI.
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26
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Efficacy and safety of myocardial gene transfer of adenovirus, adeno-associated virus and lentivirus vectors in the mouse heart. Gene Ther 2015; 23:296-305. [PMID: 26704723 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2015.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Revised: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Gene therapy is a promising new treatment option for cardiac diseases. For finding the most suitable and safe vector for cardiac gene transfer, we delivered adenovirus (AdV), adeno-associated virus (AAV) and lentivirus (LeV) vectors into the mouse heart with sophisticated closed-chest echocardiography-guided intramyocardial injection method for comparing them with regards to transduction efficiency, myocardial damage, effects on the left ventricular function and electrocardiography (ECG). AdV had the highest transduction efficiency in cardiomyocytes followed by AAV2 and AAV9, and the lowest efficiency was seen with LeV. The local myocardial inflammation and fibrosis in the left ventricle (LV) was proportional to transduction efficiency. AdV caused LV dilatation and systolic dysfunction. Neither of the locally injected AAV serotypes impaired the LV systolic function, but AAV9 caused diastolic dysfunction to some extent. LeV did not affect the cardiac function. We also studied systemic delivery of AAV9, which led to transduction of cardiomyocytes throughout the myocardium. However, also diffuse fibrosis was present leading to significantly impaired LV systolic and diastolic function and pathological ECG changes. Compared with widely used AdV vector, AAV2, AAV9 and LeV were less effective in transducing cardiomyocytes but also less harmful. Local administration of AAV9 was safer and more efficient compared with systemic administration.
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27
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Optogenetics-enabled assessment of viral gene and cell therapy for restoration of cardiac excitability. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17350. [PMID: 26621212 PMCID: PMC4664892 DOI: 10.1038/srep17350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple cardiac pathologies are accompanied by loss of tissue excitability, which leads to a range of heart rhythm disorders (arrhythmias). In addition to electronic device therapy (i.e. implantable pacemakers and cardioverter/defibrillators), biological approaches have recently been explored to restore pacemaking ability and to correct conduction slowing in the heart by delivering excitatory ion channels or ion channel agonists. Using optogenetics as a tool to selectively interrogate only cells transduced to produce an exogenous excitatory ion current, we experimentally and computationally quantify the efficiency of such biological approaches in rescuing cardiac excitability as a function of the mode of application (viral gene delivery or cell delivery) and the geometry of the transduced region (focal or spatially-distributed). We demonstrate that for each configuration (delivery mode and spatial pattern), the optical energy needed to excite can be used to predict therapeutic efficiency of excitability restoration. Taken directly, these results can help guide optogenetic interventions for light-based control of cardiac excitation. More generally, our findings can help optimize gene therapy for restoration of cardiac excitability.
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28
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Abstract
An imbalance in molecular signaling cascades and transcriptional regulation in nucleus accumbens (NAc) medium spiny neuron (MSN) subtypes, those enriched in dopamine D1 versus D2 receptors, is implicated in the behavioral responses to psychostimulants. To provide further insight into the molecular mechanisms occurring in MSN subtypes by cocaine, we examined the transcription factor early growth response 3 (Egr3). We evaluated Egr3 because it is a target of critical cocaine-mediated signaling pathways and because Egr3-binding sites are found on promoters of key cocaine-associated molecules. We first used a RiboTag approach to obtain ribosome-associated transcriptomes from each MSN subtype and found that repeated cocaine administration induced Egr3 ribosome-associated mRNA in NAc D1-MSNs while reducing Egr3 in D2-MSNs. Using Cre-inducible adeno-associated viruses combined with D1-Cre and D2-Cre mouse lines, we observed that Egr3 overexpression in D1-MSNs enhances rewarding and locomotor responses to cocaine, whereas overexpression in D2-MSNs blunts these behaviors. miRNA knock-down of Egr3 in MSN subtypes produced opposite behavioral responses from those observed with overexpression. Finally, we found that repeated cocaine administration altered Egr3 binding to promoters of genes that are important for cocaine-mediated cellular and behavioral plasticity. Genes with increased Egr3 binding to promoters, Camk2α, CREB, FosB, Nr4a2, and Sirt1, displayed increased mRNA in D1-MSNs and, in some cases, a reduction in D2-MSNs. Histone and the DNA methylation enzymes G9a and Dnmt3a displayed reduced Egr3 binding to their promoters and reduced mRNA in D1-MSNs. Our study provides novel insight into an opposing role of Egr3 in select NAc MSN subtypes in cocaine action.
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29
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Rincon MY, VandenDriessche T, Chuah MK. Gene therapy for cardiovascular disease: advances in vector development, targeting, and delivery for clinical translation. Cardiovasc Res 2015; 108:4-20. [PMID: 26239654 PMCID: PMC4571836 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvv205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene therapy is a promising modality for the treatment of inherited and acquired cardiovascular diseases. The identification of the molecular pathways involved in the pathophysiology of heart failure and other associated cardiac diseases led to encouraging preclinical gene therapy studies in small and large animal models. However, the initial clinical results yielded only modest or no improvement in clinical endpoints. The presence of neutralizing antibodies and cellular immune responses directed against the viral vector and/or the gene-modified cells, the insufficient gene expression levels, and the limited gene transduction efficiencies accounted for the overall limited clinical improvements. Nevertheless, further improvements of the gene delivery technology and a better understanding of the underlying biology fostered renewed interest in gene therapy for heart failure. In particular, improved vectors based on emerging cardiotropic serotypes of the adeno-associated viral vector (AAV) are particularly well suited to coax expression of therapeutic genes in the heart. This led to new clinical trials based on the delivery of the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase protein (SERCA2a). Though the first clinical results were encouraging, a recent Phase IIb trial did not confirm the beneficial clinical outcomes that were initially reported. New approaches based on S100A1 and adenylate cyclase 6 are also being considered for clinical applications. Emerging paradigms based on the use of miRNA regulation or CRISPR/Cas9-based genome engineering open new therapeutic perspectives for treating cardiovascular diseases by gene therapy. Nevertheless, the continuous improvement of cardiac gene delivery is needed to allow the use of safer and more effective vector doses, ultimately bringing gene therapy for heart failure one step closer to reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melvin Y Rincon
- Department of Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Free University of Brussels (VUB), Building D, room D306, Laarbeeklaan 103, Brussels, Belgium Centro de Investigaciones, Fundacion Cardiovascular de Colombia, Floridablanca, Colombia
| | - Thierry VandenDriessche
- Department of Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Free University of Brussels (VUB), Building D, room D306, Laarbeeklaan 103, Brussels, Belgium Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marinee K Chuah
- Department of Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Free University of Brussels (VUB), Building D, room D306, Laarbeeklaan 103, Brussels, Belgium Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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30
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Karathanos TV, Boyle PM, Trayanova NA. Optogenetics-enabled dynamic modulation of action potential duration in atrial tissue: feasibility of a novel therapeutic approach. Europace 2015; 16 Suppl 4:iv69-iv76. [PMID: 25362173 DOI: 10.1093/europace/euu250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Diseases that abbreviate the cardiac action potential (AP) by increasing the strength of repolarizing transmembrane currents are highly arrhythmogenic. It has been proposed that optogenetic tools could be used to restore normal AP duration (APD) in the heart under such disease conditions. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of an optogenetic treatment modality for prolonging pathologically shortened APs in a detailed computational model of short QT syndrome (SQTS) in the human atria, and compare it to drug treatment. METHODS AND RESULTS We used a human atrial myocyte model with faster repolarization caused by SQTS; light sensitivity was inscribed via the presence of channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2). We conducted simulations in single cells and in a magnetic resonance imaging-based model of the human left atrium (LA). Application of an appropriate optical stimulus to a diseased cell dynamically increased APD, producing an excellent match to control AP (<1.5 mV deviation); treatment of a diseased cell with an AP-prolonging drug (chloroquine) also increased APD, but the match to control AP was worse (>5 mV deviation). Under idealized conditions in the LA (uniform ChR2-expressing cell distribution, no light attenuation), optogenetics-based therapy outperformed chloroquine treatment (APD increased to 87% and 81% of control). However, when non-uniform ChR2-expressing cell distribution and light attenuation were incorporated, optogenetics-based treatment was less effective (APD only increased to 55%). CONCLUSION This study demonstrates proof of concept for optogenetics-based treatment of diseases that alter atrial AP shape. We identified key practical obstacles intrinsic to the optogenetic approach that must be overcome before such treatments can be realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas V Karathanos
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Computational Medicine and Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles St., Hackerman Hall Room 316, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Patrick M Boyle
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Computational Medicine and Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles St., Hackerman Hall Room 316, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Natalia A Trayanova
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Computational Medicine and Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles St., Hackerman Hall Room 316, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
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31
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Computational modeling of cardiac optogenetics: Methodology overview & review of findings from simulations. Comput Biol Med 2015; 65:200-8. [PMID: 26002074 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2015.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Revised: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac optogenetics is emerging as an exciting new potential avenue to enable spatiotemporally precise control of excitable cells and tissue in the heart with low-energy optical stimuli. This approach involves the expression of exogenous light-sensitive proteins (opsins) in target heart tissue via viral gene or cell delivery. Preliminary experiments in optogenetically-modified cells, tissue, and organisms have made great strides towards demonstrating the feasibility of basic applications, including the use of light stimuli to pace or disrupt reentrant activity. However, it remains unknown whether techniques based on this intriguing technology could be scaled up and used in humans for novel clinical applications, such as pain-free optical defibrillation or dynamic modulation of action potential shape. A key step towards answering such questions is to explore potential optogenetics-based therapies using sophisticated computer simulation tools capable of realistically representing opsin delivery and light stimulation in biophysically detailed, patient-specific models of the human heart. This review provides (1) a detailed overview of the methodological developments necessary to represent optogenetics-based solutions in existing virtual heart platforms and (2) a survey of findings that have been derived from such simulations and a critical assessment of their significance with respect to the progress of the field.
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32
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Boyle PM, Karathanos TV, Trayanova NA. "Beauty is a light in the heart": the transformative potential of optogenetics for clinical applications in cardiovascular medicine. Trends Cardiovasc Med 2015; 25:73-81. [PMID: 25453984 PMCID: PMC4336805 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2014.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Revised: 10/04/2014] [Accepted: 10/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Optogenetics is an exciting new technology in which viral gene or cell delivery is used to inscribe light sensitivity in excitable tissue to enable optical control of bioelectric behavior. Initial progress in the fledgling domain of cardiac optogenetics has included in vitro expression of various light-sensitive proteins in cell monolayers and transgenic animals to demonstrate an array of potentially useful applications, including light-based pacing, silencing of spontaneous activity, and spiral wave termination. In parallel to these developments, the cardiac modeling community has developed a versatile computational framework capable of realistically simulating optogenetics in biophysically detailed, patient-specific representations of the human heart, enabling the exploration of potential clinical applications in a predictive virtual platform. Toward the ultimate goal of assessing the feasibility and potential impact of optogenetics-based therapies in cardiovascular medicine, this review provides (1) a detailed synopsis of in vivo, in vitro, and in silico developments in the field and (2) a critical assessment of how existing clinical technology for gene/cell delivery and intra-cardiac illumination could be harnessed to achieve such lofty goals as light-based arrhythmia termination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick M Boyle
- Institute for Computational Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 316 Hackerman Hall, 3400 N Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.
| | - Thomas V Karathanos
- Institute for Computational Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 316 Hackerman Hall, 3400 N Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Natalia A Trayanova
- Institute for Computational Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 316 Hackerman Hall, 3400 N Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
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33
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Li F, Jin L, Wang H, Wei F, Bai M, Shi Q, Du L. The dual effect of ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction in mediating recombinant adeno-associated virus delivery in renal cell carcinoma: transfection enhancement and tumor inhibition. J Gene Med 2014; 16:28-39. [PMID: 24464622 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.2755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Revised: 01/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) is recognized as a promising vector for cancer gene therapy, although its low transfer efficiency in less permissive cells limits extensive application. Our previous studies reported that ultrasound-targeted microbubble (MB) destruction (UTMD) enhanced rAAV transfer in its permissive retinal cells. In the present study, we investigated whether UTMD increased rAAV transfer in less permissive human renal cell carcinoma (hRCC) cells and tumors. METHODS hRCC cells were treated with rAAV2 under different conditions of UTMD, and the viral transfer efficiency and cell viability were analyzed. Fifty-two male nude mice (BALB/c) implanted with hRCC cells were randomly assigned to four groups consisting of rAAV, rAAV + ultrasound and rAAV + UTMD (20 µl and 40 µl of MBs). UTMD was initiated immediately after intratumoral viral injection, and viral transfer efficiency and tumor volumes were analyzed at 12 weeks after infection. RESULTS The efficiency of non-augmented transfer of rAAV2 into hRCC cells was low (17.28 ± 2.44%). The use of UTMD enhanced viral transfer efficiency by two- to three-fold, and enhanced viral genomic DNA by more than nine-fold, without decreasing cell viability. In vivo studies also showed that UTMD increased rAAV2 transfer in tumor. The enhancements were maintained for a period of 12 weeks. Tumor growth in mice was inhibited by UTMD treatment, and UTMD treatment augmented by MBs (40 µl) produced an even stronger effect. CONCLUSIONS UTMD enhanced rAAV2 transfer into less permissive RCC cells and tumors, resulting in inhibition of tumor growth, which suggests that UTMD may be a useful delivery tool for cancer gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Li
- Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated First People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
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Ambrosi CM, Klimas A, Yu J, Entcheva E. Cardiac applications of optogenetics. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 115:294-304. [PMID: 25035999 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2014.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
In complex multicellular systems, such as the brain or the heart, the ability to selectively perturb and observe the response of individual components at the cellular level and with millisecond resolution in time, is essential for mechanistic understanding of function. Optogenetics uses genetic encoding of light sensitivity (by the expression of microbial opsins) to provide such capabilities for manipulation, recording, and control by light with cell specificity and high spatiotemporal resolution. As an optical approach, it is inherently scalable for remote and parallel interrogation of biological function at the tissue level; with implantable miniaturized devices, the technique is uniquely suitable for in vivo tracking of function, as illustrated by numerous applications in the brain. Its expansion into the cardiac area has been slow. Here, using examples from published research and original data, we focus on optogenetics applications to cardiac electrophysiology, specifically dealing with the ability to manipulate membrane voltage by light with implications for cardiac pacing, cardioversion, cell communication, and arrhythmia research, in general. We discuss gene and cell delivery methods of inscribing light sensitivity in cardiac tissue, functionality of the light-sensitive ion channels within different types of cardiac cells, utility in probing electrical coupling between different cell types, approaches and design solutions to all-optical electrophysiology by the combination of optogenetic sensors and actuators, and specific challenges in moving towards in vivo cardiac optogenetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina M Ambrosi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8661, USA
| | - Aleksandra Klimas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8661, USA
| | - Jinzhu Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8661, USA
| | - Emilia Entcheva
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8661, USA.
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A comprehensive multiscale framework for simulating optogenetics in the heart. Nat Commun 2014; 4:2370. [PMID: 23982300 PMCID: PMC3838435 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms3370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Optogenetics has emerged as an alternative method for electrical control of the heart, where illumination is used to elicit a bioelectric response in tissue modified to express photosensitive proteins (opsins). This technology promises to enable evocation of spatiotemporally precise responses in targeted cells or tissues, thus creating new possibilities for safe and effective therapeutic approaches to ameliorate cardiac function. Here, we present a comprehensive framework for multi-scale modelling of cardiac optogenetics, allowing both mechanistic examination of optical control and exploration of potential therapeutic applications. The framework incorporates accurate representations of opsin channel kinetics and delivery modes, spatial distribution of photosensitive cells, and tissue illumination constraints, making possible the prediction of emergent behaviour resulting from interactions at sub-organ scales. We apply this framework to explore how optogenetic delivery characteristics determine energy requirements for optical stimulation and to identify cardiac structures that are potential pacemaking targets with low optical excitation threshold.
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Okutsu M, Call JA, Lira VA, Zhang M, Donet JA, French BA, Martin KS, Peirce-Cottler SM, Rembold CM, Annex BH, Yan Z. Extracellular superoxide dismutase ameliorates skeletal muscle abnormalities, cachexia, and exercise intolerance in mice with congestive heart failure. Circ Heart Fail 2014; 7:519-30. [PMID: 24523418 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.113.000841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congestive heart failure (CHF) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality, and oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis of cachexia (muscle wasting) and the hallmark symptom, exercise intolerance. We have previously shown that a nitric oxide-dependent antioxidant defense renders oxidative skeletal muscle resistant to catabolic wasting. Here, we aimed to identify and determine the functional role of nitric oxide-inducible antioxidant enzyme(s) in protection against cardiac cachexia and exercise intolerance in CHF. METHODS AND RESULTS We demonstrated that systemic administration of endogenous nitric oxide donor S-nitrosoglutathione in mice blocked the reduction of extracellular superoxide dismutase (EcSOD) protein expression, as well as the induction of MAFbx/Atrogin-1 mRNA expression and muscle atrophy induced by glucocorticoid. We further showed that endogenous EcSOD, expressed primarily by type IId/x and IIa myofibers and enriched at endothelial cells, is induced by exercise training. Muscle-specific overexpression of EcSOD by somatic gene transfer or transgenesis (muscle creatine kinase [MCK]-EcSOD) in mice significantly attenuated muscle atrophy. Importantly, when crossbred into a mouse genetic model of CHF (α-myosin heavy chain-calsequestrin), MCK-EcSOD transgenic mice had significant attenuation of cachexia with preserved whole body muscle strength and endurance capacity in the absence of reduced HF. Enhanced EcSOD expression significantly ameliorated CHF-induced oxidative stress, MAFbx/Atrogin-1 mRNA expression, loss of mitochondria, and vascular rarefaction in skeletal muscle. CONCLUSIONS EcSOD plays an important antioxidant defense function in skeletal muscle against cardiac cachexia and exercise intolerance in CHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuharu Okutsu
- From the Departments of Medicine (M.O., J.A.C., V.A.L., M.Z., J.A.D., C.M.R., B.H.A., Z.Y.), Pharmacology (Z.Y.), and Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics (Z.Y.), Center for Skeletal Muscle Research (M.O., J.A.C., V.A.L., M.Z., J.A.D., Z.Y.), Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA; and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA (B.A.F., K.S.M., S.M.P.-C.)
| | - Jarrod A Call
- From the Departments of Medicine (M.O., J.A.C., V.A.L., M.Z., J.A.D., C.M.R., B.H.A., Z.Y.), Pharmacology (Z.Y.), and Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics (Z.Y.), Center for Skeletal Muscle Research (M.O., J.A.C., V.A.L., M.Z., J.A.D., Z.Y.), Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA; and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA (B.A.F., K.S.M., S.M.P.-C.)
| | - Vitor A Lira
- From the Departments of Medicine (M.O., J.A.C., V.A.L., M.Z., J.A.D., C.M.R., B.H.A., Z.Y.), Pharmacology (Z.Y.), and Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics (Z.Y.), Center for Skeletal Muscle Research (M.O., J.A.C., V.A.L., M.Z., J.A.D., Z.Y.), Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA; and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA (B.A.F., K.S.M., S.M.P.-C.)
| | - Mei Zhang
- From the Departments of Medicine (M.O., J.A.C., V.A.L., M.Z., J.A.D., C.M.R., B.H.A., Z.Y.), Pharmacology (Z.Y.), and Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics (Z.Y.), Center for Skeletal Muscle Research (M.O., J.A.C., V.A.L., M.Z., J.A.D., Z.Y.), Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA; and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA (B.A.F., K.S.M., S.M.P.-C.)
| | - Jean A Donet
- From the Departments of Medicine (M.O., J.A.C., V.A.L., M.Z., J.A.D., C.M.R., B.H.A., Z.Y.), Pharmacology (Z.Y.), and Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics (Z.Y.), Center for Skeletal Muscle Research (M.O., J.A.C., V.A.L., M.Z., J.A.D., Z.Y.), Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA; and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA (B.A.F., K.S.M., S.M.P.-C.)
| | - Brent A French
- From the Departments of Medicine (M.O., J.A.C., V.A.L., M.Z., J.A.D., C.M.R., B.H.A., Z.Y.), Pharmacology (Z.Y.), and Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics (Z.Y.), Center for Skeletal Muscle Research (M.O., J.A.C., V.A.L., M.Z., J.A.D., Z.Y.), Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA; and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA (B.A.F., K.S.M., S.M.P.-C.)
| | - Kyle S Martin
- From the Departments of Medicine (M.O., J.A.C., V.A.L., M.Z., J.A.D., C.M.R., B.H.A., Z.Y.), Pharmacology (Z.Y.), and Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics (Z.Y.), Center for Skeletal Muscle Research (M.O., J.A.C., V.A.L., M.Z., J.A.D., Z.Y.), Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA; and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA (B.A.F., K.S.M., S.M.P.-C.)
| | - Shayn M Peirce-Cottler
- From the Departments of Medicine (M.O., J.A.C., V.A.L., M.Z., J.A.D., C.M.R., B.H.A., Z.Y.), Pharmacology (Z.Y.), and Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics (Z.Y.), Center for Skeletal Muscle Research (M.O., J.A.C., V.A.L., M.Z., J.A.D., Z.Y.), Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA; and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA (B.A.F., K.S.M., S.M.P.-C.)
| | - Christopher M Rembold
- From the Departments of Medicine (M.O., J.A.C., V.A.L., M.Z., J.A.D., C.M.R., B.H.A., Z.Y.), Pharmacology (Z.Y.), and Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics (Z.Y.), Center for Skeletal Muscle Research (M.O., J.A.C., V.A.L., M.Z., J.A.D., Z.Y.), Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA; and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA (B.A.F., K.S.M., S.M.P.-C.)
| | - Brian H Annex
- From the Departments of Medicine (M.O., J.A.C., V.A.L., M.Z., J.A.D., C.M.R., B.H.A., Z.Y.), Pharmacology (Z.Y.), and Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics (Z.Y.), Center for Skeletal Muscle Research (M.O., J.A.C., V.A.L., M.Z., J.A.D., Z.Y.), Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA; and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA (B.A.F., K.S.M., S.M.P.-C.)
| | - Zhen Yan
- From the Departments of Medicine (M.O., J.A.C., V.A.L., M.Z., J.A.D., C.M.R., B.H.A., Z.Y.), Pharmacology (Z.Y.), and Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics (Z.Y.), Center for Skeletal Muscle Research (M.O., J.A.C., V.A.L., M.Z., J.A.D., Z.Y.), Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA; and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA (B.A.F., K.S.M., S.M.P.-C.).
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Boyle PM, Entcheva E, Trayanova NA. See the light: can optogenetics restore healthy heartbeats? And, if it can, is it really worth the effort? Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2013; 12:17-20. [PMID: 24308809 DOI: 10.1586/14779072.2014.864951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac optogenetics is an exciting new methodology in which light-sensitive ion channels are expressed in heart tissue to enable optical control of bioelectricity. This technology has the potential to open new avenues for safely and effectively treating rhythm disorders in the heart with gentle beams of light. Recently, we developed a comprehensive framework for modeling cardiac optogenetics. Simulations conducted in this platform will provide insights to guide in vitro investigation and steer the development of therapeutic applications - these are the first steps toward clinical translation. In this editorial, we review literature relevant to light-sensitive protein delivery and intracardiac illumination to provide a holistic feasibility assessment for optogenetics-based arrhythmia termination therapy. We then draw on examples from computational work to show that the optical control paradigm has undeniable advantages that cannot be attained with conventional electrotherapy. Hence, we argue that cardiac optogenetics is more than a flashy substitute for current approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick M Boyle
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Institute for Computational Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Asokan A, Samulski RJ. An emerging adeno-associated viral vector pipeline for cardiac gene therapy. Hum Gene Ther 2013; 24:906-13. [PMID: 24164238 PMCID: PMC3815036 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2013.2515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The naturally occurring adeno-associated virus (AAV) isolates display diverse tissue tropisms in different hosts. Robust cardiac transduction in particular has been reported for certain AAV strains. Successful applications of these AAV strains in preclinical and clinical settings with a focus on treating cardiovascular disease continue to be reported. At the same time, these studies have highlighted challenges such as cross-species variability in AAV tropism, transduction efficiency, and immunity. Continued progress in our understanding of AAV capsid structure and biology has provided the rationale for designing improved vectors that can possibly address these concerns. The current report provides an overview of cardiotropic AAV, existing gaps in our knowledge, and newly engineered AAV strains that are viable candidates for the cardiac gene therapy clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aravind Asokan
- Gene Therapy Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27516
- Department of Genetics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27516
| | - R. Jude Samulski
- Gene Therapy Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27516
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27516
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Chen SJ, Johnston J, Sandhu A, Bish LT, Hovhannisyan R, Jno-Charles O, Sweeney HL, Wilson JM. Enhancing the utility of adeno-associated virus gene transfer through inducible tissue-specific expression. Hum Gene Ther Methods 2013; 24:270-8. [PMID: 23895325 PMCID: PMC3753727 DOI: 10.1089/hgtb.2012.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2012] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability to regulate both the timing and specificity of gene expression mediated by viral vectors will be important in maximizing its utility. We describe the development of an adeno-associated virus (AAV)-based vector with tissue-specific gene regulation, using the ARGENT dimerizer-inducible system. This two-vector system based on AAV serotype 9 consists of one vector encoding a combination of reporter genes from which expression is directed by a ubiquitous, inducible promoter and a second vector encoding transcription factor domains under the control of either a heart- or liver-specific promoter, which are activated with a small molecule. Administration of the vectors via either systemic or intrapericardial injection demonstrated that the vector system is capable of mediating gene expression that is tissue specific, regulatable, and reproducible over induction cycles. Somatic gene transfer in vivo is being considered in therapeutic applications, although its most substantial value will be in basic applications such as target validation and development of animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Jen Chen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Julie Johnston
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Arbans Sandhu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Lawrence T. Bish
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Ruben Hovhannisyan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Odella Jno-Charles
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - H. Lee Sweeney
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - James M. Wilson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
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Konkalmatt PR, Beyers RJ, O'Connor DM, Xu Y, Seaman ME, French BA. Cardiac-selective expression of extracellular superoxide dismutase after systemic injection of adeno-associated virus 9 protects the heart against post-myocardial infarction left ventricular remodeling. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2013; 6:478-86. [PMID: 23536266 DOI: 10.1161/circimaging.112.000320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging has not been used previously to document the attenuation of left ventricular (LV) remodeling after systemic gene delivery. We hypothesized that targeted expression of extracellular superoxide dismutase (EcSOD) via the cardiac troponin-T promoter would protect the mouse heart against both myocardial infarction (MI) and subsequent LV remodeling. METHODS AND RESULTS Using reporter genes, we first compared the specificity, time course, magnitude, and distribution of gene expression from adeno-associated virus (AAV) 1, 2, 6, 8, and 9 after intravenous injection. The troponin-T promoter restricted gene expression largely to the heart for all AAV serotypes tested. AAV1, 6, 8, and 9 provided early-onset gene expression that approached steady-state levels within 2 weeks. Gene expression was highest with AAV9, which required only 3.15×10(11) viral genomes per mouse to achieve an 84% transduction rate. AAV9-mediated, cardiac-selective gene expression elevated EcSOD enzyme activity in heart by 5.6-fold (P=0.015), which helped protect the heart against both acute MI and subsequent LV remodeling. In acute MI, infarct size in EcSOD-treated mice was reduced by 40% compared with controls (P=0.035). In addition, we found that cardiac-selective expression of EcSOD increased myocardial capillary fractional area and decreased neutrophil infiltration after MI. In a separate study of LV remodeling, after a 60-minute coronary occlusion, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging revealed that LV volumes at days 7 and 28 post-MI were significantly lower in the EcSOD group compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS Cardiac-selective expression of EcSOD from the cardiac troponin-T promoter after systemic administration of AAV9 provides significant protection against both acute MI and LV remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasad R Konkalmatt
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
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Konkalmatt PR, Wang F, Piras BA, Xu Y, O’Connor DM, Beyers RJ, Epstein FH, Annex BH, Hossack JA, French BA. Adeno-associated virus serotype 9 administered systemically after reperfusion preferentially targets cardiomyocytes in the infarct border zone with pharmacodynamics suitable for the attenuation of left ventricular remodeling. J Gene Med 2012; 14:609-20. [PMID: 23065925 PMCID: PMC3729029 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.2673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adeno-associated virus serotype 9 (AAV9) vectors provide efficient and uniform gene expression to normal myocardium following systemic administration, with kinetics that approach steady-state within 2-3 weeks. However, as a result of the delayed onset of gene expression, AAV vectors have not previously been administered intravenously after reperfusion for post-infarct gene therapy applications. The present study evaluated the therapeutic potential of post-myocardial infarction gene delivery using intravenous AAV9. METHODS AAV9 vectors expressing firefly luciferase, enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) or extracellular superoxide dismutase genes from the cardiac troponin-T (cTnT) promoter (AcTnTLuc, AcTnTeGFP, AcTnTEcSOD) were employed. AcTnTLuc was administered intravenously at 10 min and at 1, 2 and 3 days post-ischemia/reperfusion (IR), and the kinetics of luciferase expression were assessed with bioluminescence imaging. AcTnTeGFP was used to evaluate the distribution of eGFP expression. High-resolution echocardiography was used to evaluate the effects of AcTnTEcSOD on left ventricular (LV) remodeling when injected 10 min post-IR. RESULTS Compared to sham animals, luciferase expression at 2 days after vector administration was elevated by four-, 24-, 210- and 213-fold in groups injected at 10 min, 1 day, 2 days and 3 days post-IR, respectively. The expression of cTnT-driven eGFP was strongest in cardiomyocytes bordering the infarct zone. In the efficacy study of EcSOD, post-infarct LV end-systolic and end-diastolic volumes at days 14 and 28 were significantly smaller in the EcSOD group compared to the control. CONCLUSIONS Systemic administration of AAV9 vectors after IR both elevates and accelerates gene expression that preferentially targets cardiomyocytes in the border zone with pharmacodynamics suitable for the attenuation of LV remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasad R. Konkalmatt
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Feng Wang
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Bryan A. Piras
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Yaqin Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | | | - Ronald J. Beyers
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Frederick H. Epstein
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Brian H. Annex
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - John A. Hossack
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Brent A. French
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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