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Shah SA, Reagan CE, Bresticker JE, Wolpe AG, Good ME, Macal EH, Billcheck HO, Bradley LA, French BA, Isakson BE, Wolf MJ, Epstein FH. Obesity-Induced Coronary Microvascular Disease Is Prevented by iNOS Deletion and Reversed by iNOS Inhibition. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2023; 8:501-514. [PMID: 37325396 PMCID: PMC10264569 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2022.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Coronary microvascular disease (CMD) caused by obesity and diabetes is major contributor to heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; however, the mechanisms underlying CMD are not well understood. Using cardiac magnetic resonance applied to mice fed a high-fat, high-sucrose diet as a model of CMD, we elucidated the role of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and 1400W, an iNOS antagonist, in CMD. Global iNOS deletion prevented CMD along with the associated oxidative stress and diastolic and subclinical systolic dysfunction. The 1400W treatment reversed established CMD and oxidative stress and preserved systolic/diastolic function in mice fed a high-fat, high-sucrose diet. Thus, iNOS may represent a therapeutic target for CMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soham A. Shah
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Claire E. Reagan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Julia E. Bresticker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Abigail G. Wolpe
- The Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Miranda E. Good
- The Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Edgar H. Macal
- The Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Helen O. Billcheck
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Leigh A. Bradley
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Brent A. French
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Brant E. Isakson
- The Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Matthew J. Wolf
- The Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Frederick H. Epstein
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- The Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
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2
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Yu G, Chakrabarti S, Tischenko M, Chen AL, Wang Z, Cho H, French BA, Naga Prasad SV, Chen Q, Wang QK. Gene therapy targeting protein trafficking regulator MOG1 in mouse models of Brugada syndrome, arrhythmias, and mild cardiomyopathy. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabf3136. [PMID: 35675436 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abf3136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Brugada syndrome (BrS) is a fatal arrhythmia that causes an estimated 4% of all sudden death in high-incidence areas. SCN5A encodes cardiac sodium channel NaV1.5 and causes 25 to 30% of BrS cases. Here, we report generation of a knock-in (KI) mouse model of BrS (Scn5aG1746R/+). Heterozygous KI mice recapitulated some of the clinical features of BrS, including an ST segment abnormality (a prominent J wave) on electrocardiograms and development of spontaneous ventricular tachyarrhythmias (VTs), seizures, and sudden death. VTs were caused by shortened cardiac action potential duration and late phase 3 early afterdepolarizations associated with reduced sodium current density (INa) and increased Kcnd3 and Cacna1c expression. We developed a gene therapy using adeno-associated virus serotype 9 (AAV9) vector-mediated MOG1 delivery for up-regulation of MOG1, a chaperone that binds to NaV1.5 and traffics it to the cell surface. MOG1 was chosen for gene therapy because the large size of the SCN5A coding sequence (6048 base pairs) exceeds the packaging capacity of AAV vectors. AAV9-MOG1 gene therapy increased cell surface expression of NaV1.5 and ventricular INa, reversed up-regulation of Kcnd3 and Cacna1c expression, normalized cardiac action potential abnormalities, abolished J waves, and blocked VT in Scn5aG1746R/+ mice. Gene therapy also rescued the phenotypes of cardiac arrhythmias and contractile dysfunction in heterozygous humanized KI mice with SCN5A mutation p.D1275N. Using a small chaperone protein may have broad implications for targeting disease-causing genes exceeding the size capacity of AAV vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, and Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Susmita Chakrabarti
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Miroslava Tischenko
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Ai-Lan Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.,Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511436, P. R. China
| | - Zhijie Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, and Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Hyosuk Cho
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.,Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Brent A French
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Sathyamangla V Naga Prasad
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Qiuyun Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Qing K Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, and Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.,Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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Becker AB, Chen L, Ning B, Hu S, Hossack JA, Klibanov AL, Annex BH, French BA. Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound Reveals Partial Perfusion Recovery After Hindlimb Ischemia as Opposed to Full Recovery by Laser Doppler Perfusion Imaging. Ultrasound Med Biol 2022; 48:1058-1069. [PMID: 35287996 PMCID: PMC9872654 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2022.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Mouse models are critical in developing new therapeutic approaches to treat peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Despite decades of research and numerous clinical trials, the efficacy of available therapies is limited. This may suggest shortcomings in our current animal models and/or methods of assessment. We evaluated perfusion measurement methods in a mouse model of PAD by comparing laser Doppler perfusion imaging (LDPI, the most common technique), contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS, an emerging technique) and fluorescent microspheres (conventional standard). Mice undergoing a femoral artery ligation were assessed by LDPI and CEUS at baseline and 1, 4, 7, 14, 28, 60, 90 and 150 d post-surgery to evaluate perfusion recovery in the ischemic hindlimb. Fourteen days after surgery, additional mice were measured with fluorescent microspheres, LDPI, and CEUS. LDPI and CEUS resulted in broadly similar trends of perfusion recovery until 7 d post-surgery. However, by day 14, LDPI indicated full recovery of perfusion, whereas CEUS indicated ∼50% recovery, which failed to improve even after 5 mo. In agreement with the CEUS results, fluorescent microspheres at day 14 post-surgery confirmed that perfusion recovery was incomplete. Histopathology and photoacoustic microscopy provided further evidence of sustained vascular abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa B Becker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Lanlin Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Bo Ning
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Song Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - John A Hossack
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Alexander L Klibanov
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA; Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Brian H Annex
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA; Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Brent A French
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA; Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.
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4
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Ma X, Rawnsley DR, Kovacs A, Islam M, Murphy JT, Zhao C, Kumari M, Foroughi L, Liu H, Qi K, Diwan A, Hyrc K, Evans S, Satoh T, French BA, Margulies KB, Javaheri A, Razani B, Mann DL, Mani K, Diwan A. TRAF2, an Innate Immune Sensor, Reciprocally Regulates Mitophagy and Inflammation to Maintain Cardiac Myocyte Homeostasis. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2022; 7:223-243. [PMID: 35411325 PMCID: PMC8993766 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2021.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are essential for cardiac myocyte function, but damaged mitochondria trigger cardiac myocyte death. Although mitophagy, a lysosomal degradative pathway to remove damaged mitochondria, is robustly active in cardiac myocytes in the unstressed heart, its mechanisms and physiological role remain poorly defined. We discovered a critical role for TRAF2, an innate immunity effector protein with E3 ubiquitin ligase activity, in facilitating physiological cardiac myocyte mitophagy in the adult heart, to prevent inflammation and cell death, and maintain myocardial homeostasis.
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Key Words
- AAV9, adeno-associated virus serotype 9
- ER, endoplasmic reticulum
- FS, fractional shortening
- GFP, green fluorescent protein
- IP, intraperitoneal
- LV, left ventricular
- MAM, mitochondria-associated membranes
- MCM, MerCreMer
- MEF, murine embryonic fibroblast
- PINK1, PTEN-induced kinase 1
- RFP, red fluorescent protein
- TLR9, toll-like receptor 9
- TRAF2
- TRAF2, tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor-2
- TUNEL, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling
- cTnT, cardiac troponin T
- cell death
- inflammation
- mitophagy
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiucui Ma
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- John Cochran VA Medical Center, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - David R. Rawnsley
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Attila Kovacs
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Moydul Islam
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - John T. Murphy
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- John Cochran VA Medical Center, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Chen Zhao
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Minu Kumari
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Layla Foroughi
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- John Cochran VA Medical Center, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Haiyan Liu
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- John Cochran VA Medical Center, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Kevin Qi
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Aaradhya Diwan
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Krzysztof Hyrc
- Alafi Neuroimaging Laboratory, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Sarah Evans
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Takashi Satoh
- Department of Immune Regulation, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Brent A. French
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Kenneth B. Margulies
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ali Javaheri
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Babak Razani
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- John Cochran VA Medical Center, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Douglas L. Mann
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- John Cochran VA Medical Center, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Kartik Mani
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- John Cochran VA Medical Center, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Abhinav Diwan
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- John Cochran VA Medical Center, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Adenosine stress T1 mapping is an emerging magnetic resonance imaging method to investigate coronary vascular function and myocardial ischemia without application of a contrast agent. Using gene-modified mice and 2 vasodilators, we elucidated and compared the mechanisms of adenosine myocardial perfusion imaging and adenosine T1 mapping. METHODS Wild-type (WT), A2AAR-/- (adenosine A2A receptor knockout), A2BAR-/- (adenosine A2B receptor knockout), A3AR-/- (adenosine A3 receptor knockout), and eNOS-/- (endothelial nitric oxide synthase knockout) mice underwent rest and stress perfusion magnetic resonance imaging (n=8) and T1 mapping (n=10) using either adenosine, regadenoson (a selective A2AAR agonist), or saline. Myocardial blood flow and T1 were computed from perfusion imaging and T1 mapping, respectively, at rest and stress to assess myocardial perfusion reserve and T1 reactivity (ΔT1). Changes in heart rate for each stress agent were also calculated. Two-way ANOVA was used to detect differences in each parameter between the different groups of mice. RESULTS Myocardial perfusion reserve was significantly reduced only in A2AAR-/- compared to WT mice using adenosine (1.06±0.16 versus 2.03±0.52, P<0.05) and regadenoson (0.98±026 versus 2.13±0.75, P<0.05). In contrast, adenosine ΔT1 was reduced compared with WT mice (3.88±1.58) in both A2AAR-/- (1.63±1.32, P<0.05) and A2BAR-/- (1.55±1.35, P<0.05). Furthermore, adenosine ΔT1 was halved in eNOS-/- (1.76±1.46, P<0.05) versus WT mice. Regadenoson ΔT1 was approximately half of adenosine ΔT1 in WT mice (1.97±1.50, P<0.05), and additionally, it was significantly reduced in eNOS-/- mice (-0.22±1.46, P<0.05). Lastly, changes in heart rate was 2× greater using regadenoson versus adenosine in all groups except A2AAR-/-, where heart rate remained constant. CONCLUSIONS The major findings are that (1) although adenosine myocardial perfusion reserve is mediated through the A2A receptor, adenosine ΔT1 is mediated through the A2A and A2B receptors, (2) adenosine myocardial perfusion reserve is endothelial independent while adenosine ΔT1 is partially endothelial dependent, and (3) ΔT1 mediated through the A2A receptor is endothelial dependent while ΔT1 mediated through the A2B receptor is endothelial independent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soham A Shah
- Department of Biomedical Engineering (S.A.S., C.E.R., B.A.F., F.H.E.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Claire E Reagan
- Department of Radiology (B.A.F., F.H.E.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Brent A French
- Department of Biomedical Engineering (S.A.S., C.E.R., B.A.F., F.H.E.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA.,Department of Radiology (B.A.F., F.H.E.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA.,The Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (B.A.F., F.H.E.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Frederick H Epstein
- Department of Biomedical Engineering (S.A.S., C.E.R., B.A.F., F.H.E.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA.,Department of Radiology (B.A.F., F.H.E.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA.,The Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (B.A.F., F.H.E.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
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Shah SA, Cui SX, Waters CD, Sano S, Wang Y, Doviak H, Leor J, Walsh K, French BA, Epstein FH. Nitroxide-enhanced MRI of cardiovascular oxidative stress. NMR Biomed 2020; 33:e4359. [PMID: 32648316 PMCID: PMC7904044 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In vivo imaging of oxidative stress can facilitate the understanding and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. We evaluated nitroxide-enhanced MRI with 3-carbamoyl-proxyl (3CP) for the detection of myocardial oxidative stress. METHODS Three mouse models of cardiac oxidative stress were imaged, namely angiotensin II (Ang II) infusion, myocardial infarction (MI), and high-fat high-sucrose (HFHS) diet-induced obesity (DIO). For the Ang II model, mice underwent MRI at baseline and after 7 days of Ang II (n = 8) or saline infusion (n = 8). For the MI model, mice underwent MRI at baseline (n = 10) and at 1 (n = 8), 4 (n = 9), and 21 (n = 8) days after MI. For the HFHS-DIO model, mice underwent MRI at baseline (n = 20) and 18 weeks (n = 13) after diet initiation. The 3CP reduction rate, Kred , computed using a tracer kinetic model, was used as a metric of oxidative stress. Dihydroethidium (DHE) staining of tissue sections was performed on Day 1 after MI. RESULTS For the Ang II model, Kred was higher after 7 days of Ang II versus other groups (p < 0.05). For the MI model, Kred , in the infarct region was significantly elevated on Days 1 and 4 after MI (p < 0.05), whereas Kred in the noninfarcted region did not change after MI. DHE confirmed elevated oxidative stress in the infarct zone on Day 1 after MI. After 18 weeks of HFHS diet, Kred was higher in mice after diet versus baseline (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Nitroxide-enhanced MRI noninvasively quantifies tissue oxidative stress as one component of a multiparametric preclinical MRI examination. These methods may facilitate investigations of oxidative stress in cardiovascular disease and related therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soham A Shah
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Sophia X Cui
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | | | - Soichi Sano
- Hematovascular Biology Center, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Virginia, USA
| | - Ying Wang
- Hematovascular Biology Center, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Virginia, USA
| | - Heather Doviak
- Hematovascular Biology Center, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Virginia, USA
| | - Jonathan Leor
- Neufield Cardiac Research Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Kenneth Walsh
- Hematovascular Biology Center, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Virginia, USA
| | - Brent A French
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Frederick H Epstein
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Radiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
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7
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Boutagy NE, Ravera S, Papademetris X, Onofrey JA, Zhuang ZW, Wu J, Feher A, Stacy MR, French BA, Annex BH, Carrasco N, Sinusas AJ. Noninvasive In Vivo Quantification of Adeno-Associated Virus Serotype 9-Mediated Expression of the Sodium/Iodide Symporter Under Hindlimb Ischemia and Neuraminidase Desialylation in Skeletal Muscle Using Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography/Computed Tomography. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2019; 12:e009063. [PMID: 31296047 DOI: 10.1161/circimaging.119.009063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We propose micro single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography imaging of the hNIS (human sodium/iodide symporter) to noninvasively quantify adeno-associated virus 9 (AAV9)-mediated gene expression in a murine model of peripheral artery disease. METHODS AAV9-hNIS (2×1011 viral genome particles) was injected into nonischemic or ischemic gastrocnemius muscles of C57Bl/6J mice following unilateral hindlimb ischemia ± the α-sialidase NA (neuraminidase). Control nonischemic limbs were injected with phosphate buffered saline or remained noninjected. Twelve mice underwent micro single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography imaging after serial injection of pertechnetate (99mTcO4-), a NIS substrate, up to 28 days after AAV9-hNIS injection. Twenty four animals were euthanized at selected times over 1 month for ex vivo validation. Forty-two animals were imaged with 99mTcO4- ± the selective NIS inhibitor perchlorate on day 10, to ascertain specificity of radiotracer uptake. Tissue was harvested for ex vivo validation. A modified version of the U-Net deep learning algorithm was used for image quantification. RESULTS As quantitated by standardized uptake value, there was a gradual temporal increase in 99mTcO4- uptake in muscles treated with AAV9-hNIS. Hindlimb ischemia, NA, and hindlimb ischemia plus NA increased the magnitude of 99mTcO4- uptake by 4- to 5-fold compared with nonischemic muscle treated with only AAV9-hNIS. Perchlorate treatment significantly reduced 99mTcO4- uptake in AAV9-hNIS-treated muscles, demonstrating uptake specificity. The imaging results correlated well with ex vivo well counting (r2=0.9375; P<0.0001) and immunoblot analysis of NIS protein (r2=0.65; P<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Micro single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography imaging of hNIS-mediated 99mTcO4- uptake allows for accurate in vivo quantification of AAV9-driven gene expression, which increases under ischemic conditions or neuraminidase desialylation in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabil E Boutagy
- Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale Translational Research Imaging Center (N.E.B., Z.W.Z., A.F., M.R.S., A.J.S.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Silvia Ravera
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology (S.R., N.C.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Xenophon Papademetris
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (X.P., J.A.O., J.W., A.J.S.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - John A Onofrey
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (X.P., J.A.O., J.W., A.J.S.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Zhen W Zhuang
- Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale Translational Research Imaging Center (N.E.B., Z.W.Z., A.F., M.R.S., A.J.S.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (X.P., J.A.O., J.W., A.J.S.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Attila Feher
- Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale Translational Research Imaging Center (N.E.B., Z.W.Z., A.F., M.R.S., A.J.S.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Mitchel R Stacy
- Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale Translational Research Imaging Center (N.E.B., Z.W.Z., A.F., M.R.S., A.J.S.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Brent A French
- Department of Biomedical Engineering (B.A.F., B.H.A.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (B.A.F., B.H.A.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Brian H Annex
- Department of Biomedical Engineering (B.A.F., B.H.A.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (B.A.F., B.H.A.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Nancy Carrasco
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology (S.R., N.C.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Albert J Sinusas
- Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale Translational Research Imaging Center (N.E.B., Z.W.Z., A.F., M.R.S., A.J.S.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (X.P., J.A.O., J.W., A.J.S.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
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8
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French BA, Holmes JW. Implications of scar structure and mechanics for post-infarction cardiac repair and regeneration. Exp Cell Res 2019; 376:98-103. [PMID: 30610848 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Regenerating cardiac muscle lost during a heart attack is a topic of broad interest and enormous potential impact. One promising approach is to regenerate or re-engineer new myocardium in situ, at the site of damage, by injecting cells, growth factors, and other materials, or by reprogramming aspects of the normal wound healing process. A wide variety of strategies have been explored, from promoting angiogenesis to injection of a variety of different progenitor cell types, to re-engineering resident cells to produce key growth factors or even transdifferentiate into myocytes. Despite substantial progress and continued promise, clinical impact of this work has fallen short of expectations. One contributing factor may be that many efforts focus primarily on generating cardiomyocytes, with less attention to re-engineering the extracellular matrix (ECM). Yet the role of the ECM is particularly crucial to consider following myocardial infarction, which leads to rapid formation of a collagen-rich scar. This review combines a brief summary of current efforts to regenerate cardiomyocytes with what is currently known about the structure and mechanics of post-infarction scar, with the goal of identifying principles that can guide efforts to produce new myocytes embedded in an extracellular environment that facilitates their differentiation, maintenance, and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brent A French
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA; Department of Radiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA; Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Jeffrey W Holmes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA; Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
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9
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Ma X, Mani K, Liu H, Kovacs A, Murphy JT, Foroughi L, French BA, Weinheimer CJ, Kraja A, Benjamin IJ, Hill JA, Javaheri A, Diwan A. Transcription Factor EB Activation Rescues Advanced αB-Crystallin Mutation-Induced Cardiomyopathy by Normalizing Desmin Localization. J Am Heart Assoc 2019; 8:e010866. [PMID: 30773991 PMCID: PMC6405666 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.118.010866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Background Mutations in αB-crystallin result in proteotoxic cardiomyopathy with desmin mislocalization to protein aggregates. Intermittent fasting ( IF ) is a novel approach to activate transcription factor EB (TFEB), a master regulator of the autophagy-lysosomal pathway, in the myocardium. We tested whether TFEB activation can be harnessed to treat advanced proteotoxic cardiomyopathy. Methods and Results Mice overexpressing the R120G mutant of αB-crystallin in cardiomyocytes ( Myh6-Cry ABR 120G) were subjected to IF or ad-lib feeding, or transduced with adeno-associated virus- TFEB or adeno-associated virus-green fluorescent protein after development of advanced proteotoxic cardiomyopathy. Adeno-associated virus-short hairpin RNA-mediated knockdown of TFEB and HSPB 8 was performed simultaneously with IF . Myh6-Cry ABR 120G mice demonstrated impaired autophagic flux, reduced lysosome abundance, and mammalian target of rapamycin activation in the myocardium. IF resulted in mammalian target of rapamycin inhibition and nuclear translocation of TFEB with restored lysosome abundance and autophagic flux; and reduced aggregates with normalized desmin localization. IF also attenuated left ventricular dilation and myocardial hypertrophy, increased percentage fractional shortening, and increased survival. Adeno-associated virus- TFEB transduction was sufficient to rescue cardiomyopathic manifestations, and resulted in reduced aggregates and normalized desmin localization in Myh6-Cry ABR 120G mice. Cry ABR 120G-expressing hearts demonstrated increased interaction of desmin with αB-crystallin and reduced interaction with chaperone protein, HSPB 8, compared with wild type, which was reversed by both IF and TFEB transduction. TFEB stimulated autophagic flux to remove protein aggregates and transcriptionally upregulated HSPB 8, to restore normal desmin localization in Cry ABR 120G-expressing cardiomyocytes. Short hairpin RNA-mediated knockdown of TFEB and HSPB 8 abrogated IF effects, in vivo. Conclusions IF and TFEB activation are clinically relevant therapeutic strategies to rescue advanced R120G αB-crystallin mutant-induced cardiomyopathy by normalizing desmin localization via autophagy-dependent and autophagy-independent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiucui Ma
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Division of CardiologyDepartment of Internal MedicineWashington University School of MedicineSt LouisMO
- Medical ServiceJohn Cochran Veterans Affairs Medical CenterSt LouisMO
| | - Kartik Mani
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Division of CardiologyDepartment of Internal MedicineWashington University School of MedicineSt LouisMO
- Medical ServiceJohn Cochran Veterans Affairs Medical CenterSt LouisMO
| | - Haiyan Liu
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Division of CardiologyDepartment of Internal MedicineWashington University School of MedicineSt LouisMO
- Medical ServiceJohn Cochran Veterans Affairs Medical CenterSt LouisMO
| | - Attila Kovacs
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Division of CardiologyDepartment of Internal MedicineWashington University School of MedicineSt LouisMO
| | - John T. Murphy
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Division of CardiologyDepartment of Internal MedicineWashington University School of MedicineSt LouisMO
- Medical ServiceJohn Cochran Veterans Affairs Medical CenterSt LouisMO
| | - Layla Foroughi
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Division of CardiologyDepartment of Internal MedicineWashington University School of MedicineSt LouisMO
- Medical ServiceJohn Cochran Veterans Affairs Medical CenterSt LouisMO
| | - Brent A. French
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVA
| | - Carla J. Weinheimer
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Division of CardiologyDepartment of Internal MedicineWashington University School of MedicineSt LouisMO
| | - Aldi Kraja
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Division of CardiologyDepartment of Internal MedicineWashington University School of MedicineSt LouisMO
| | - Ivor J. Benjamin
- Department of Internal MedicineMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWI
| | - Joseph A. Hill
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTX
| | - Ali Javaheri
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Division of CardiologyDepartment of Internal MedicineWashington University School of MedicineSt LouisMO
| | - Abhinav Diwan
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Division of CardiologyDepartment of Internal MedicineWashington University School of MedicineSt LouisMO
- Medical ServiceJohn Cochran Veterans Affairs Medical CenterSt LouisMO
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10
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Tian Y, Charles EJ, Yan Z, Wu D, French BA, Kron IL, Yang Z. The myocardial infarct-exacerbating effect of cell-free DNA is mediated by the high-mobility group box 1-receptor for advanced glycation end products-Toll-like receptor 9 pathway. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2018; 157:2256-2269.e3. [PMID: 30401529 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2018.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Damage-associated molecular patterns, such as high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) and cell-free DNA (cfDNA), play critical roles in mediating ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). HMGB1 activates RAGE to exacerbate IRI, but the mechanism underlying cfDNA-induced myocardial IRI remains unknown. We hypothesized that the infarct-exacerbating effect of cfDNA is mediated by HMGB1 and receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE). METHODS C57BL/6 wild type mice, RAGE knockout (KO), and Toll-like receptor 9 KO mice underwent 20- or 40-minute occlusions of the left coronary artery followed by up to 60 minutes of reperfusion. Cardiac coronary perfusate was acquired from ischemic hearts without reperfusion. Exogenous mitochondrial DNA was acquired from livers of normal C57BL/6 mice. Myocardial infarct size (IS) was reported as percent risk region, as measured by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride and Phthalo blue (Heucotech, Fairless Hill, Pa) staining. cfDNA levels were measured by Sytox Green assay (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, Mass) and/or spectrophotometer. RESULTS Free HMGB1 and cfDNA levels were increased in the ischemic myocardium during prolonged ischemia and subsequently in the plasma during reperfusion. In C57BL/6 mice undergoing 40'/60' IRI, deoxyribonuclease I, or anti-HMGB1 monoclonal antibody reduced IS by approximately half to 29.0% ± 5.2% and 24.3% ± 3.5% (P < .05 vs control 54.3% ± 3.4%). However, combined treatment with deoxyribonuclease I + anti-HMGB1 monoclonal antibody did not further attenuate IS (29.3% ± 4.9%). In C57BL/6 mice undergoing 20'/60' IRI, injection of 40'/5' plasma upon reperfusion increased IS by more than 3-fold (to 19.9 ± 4.3; P < .05). This IS exacerbation was abolished by pretreating the plasma with deoxyribonuclease I or by depleting the HMGB1 by immunoprecipitation, or by splenectomy. The infarct-exacerbating effect also disappeared in RAGE KO mice and Toll-like receptor 9 KO mice. Injection of 40'/0' coronary perfusate upon reperfusion similarly increased IS. The levels of HMGB1 and cfDNA were significantly elevated in the 40'/0' coronary perfusate and 40'/reperfusion (min) plasma but not in those with 10' ischemia. In C57BL/6 mice without IRI, 40'/5' plasma significantly increased the interleukin-1β protein and messenger RNA expression in the spleen by 30 minutes after injection. Intravenous bolus injection of recombinant HMGB1 (0.1 μg/g) or mitochondrial DNA (0.5 μg/g) 5 minutes before reperfusion did not exacerbate IS (P = not significant vs control). However, combined administration of recombinant HMGB1 + mitochondrial DNA significantly increased IS (P < .05 vs individual treated groups) and this infarct-exacerbating effect disappeared in RAGE KO mice and splenectomized C57BL/6 mice. The accumulation of cfDNA in the spleen after combined recombinant HMGB1 + mitochondrial DNA treatment was significantly more elevated in C57BL/6 mice than in RAGE KO mice. CONCLUSIONS Both HMGB1 and cfDNA are released from the heart upon reperfusion after prolonged ischemia and both contribute importantly and interdependently to post-IRI by a common RAGE-Toll-like receptor 9-dependent mechanism. Depleting either of these 2 damage-associated molecular patterns suffices to significantly reduce IS by approximately 50%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yikui Tian
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Eric J Charles
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va
| | - Zhen Yan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va
| | - Brent A French
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va
| | - Irving L Kron
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va
| | - Zequan Yang
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va.
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11
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Zhu H, Wang T, John Lye R, French BA, Annex BH. Neuraminidase-mediated desialylation augments AAV9-mediated gene expression in skeletal muscle. J Gene Med 2018; 20:e3049. [PMID: 30101537 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Following systemic delivery, AAV9-mediated gene expression is significantly increased in ischemic versus non-ischemic muscle, suggesting that AAV9 is an attractive vector for treating peripheral arterial disease. Potential mechanisms underlying ischemia-augmented expression include: (i) increased vascular permeability and (ii) "unmasking" of endogenous AAV9 receptors. In the present study, we aimed to reconstitute the ischemic induction of AAV9 in vivo, using local injection of histamine (to increase vascular permeability) and neuraminidase (to desialylate cell surface glycans). METHODS Bioassays were performed to optimize the effects of histamine and neuraminidase after intramuscular injection. Histamine and/or neuraminidase were then injected intramuscularly shortly before intravenous injection of an AAV9 vector expressing luciferase. Luciferase expression was serially assessed with bioluminescence imaging. At the end of the study, tissues were harvested for assays of luciferase activity and AAV9 genome copy number aiming to assess AAV-mediated gene expression and transduction, respectively. RESULTS Intramuscular injection of either neuraminidase or neuraminidase plus histamine significantly increased both transduction and gene expression, whereas histamine alone had little effect. Pre-injection with neuraminidase increased AAV9-mediated gene delivery by four- to nine-fold and luciferase activity by 60-100-fold. Luciferase activity in neuraminidase-injected muscle was > 100-fold higher than in any off-target tissue (including heart, liver and brain). CONCLUSIONS The ischemic induction of AAV9-mediated gene expression in muscle can largely be reconstituted by pre-injecting neuraminidase intranmuscularly. This strategy may prove useful in future human gene therapy protocols as a quick and efficient means to selectively target systemically injected AAV9 to localized regions of muscle, thus decreasing the potential for adverse effects in off-target tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongling Zhu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Robert John Lye
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Brent A French
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.,Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Brian H Annex
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.,Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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12
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Tian Y, Miao B, Charles EJ, Wu D, Kron IL, French BA, Yang Z. Stimulation of the Beta2 Adrenergic Receptor at Reperfusion Limits Myocardial Reperfusion Injury via an Interleukin-10-Dependent Anti-Inflammatory Pathway in the Spleen. Circ J 2018; 82:2829-2836. [PMID: 30158399 DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-18-0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In addition to the airway-relaxing effects, β2 adrenergic receptor (β2AR) agonists are also found to have broad anti-inflammatory effects. The current study was conducted to define the role of β2AR agonists in limiting myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI). Methods and Results: Adult male wild-type (WT) and interleukin (IL)-10 knockout (KO) mice underwent a 40-min left coronary artery ligation and 60-min reperfusion. A selective β2AR agonist, Clenbuterol, at doses of 0.1 μg or 1 μg/g weight i.v. 5 min before reperfusion, significantly reduced myocardial infarct size (IS) by 28% and 39% (vs. control, P<0.05) in WT mice respectively, but had no protective effect in IL-10 KO mice. Inhalational therapy with nebulized Clenbuterol, Albuterol, Salmeterol or Arformoterol immediately before ischemia significantly reduced IS (P<0.05) in WT mice. Splenectomy similarly reduced IS as Clenbuterol-treated mice, but intravenous Clenbuterol did not further reduce IS in splenectomized mice. In splenectomized WT mice, acute transfer of isolated splenocytes, not the Clenbuterol-pretreated splenocytes, restored the myocardial IS to the level of intact mice. Intravenous Clenbuterol significantly increased splenic protein levels of β2AR, phosphorylated Akt and IL-10 and plasma IL-10, and inhibited the expression of pro-inflammatory mRNAs. CONCLUSIONS Both intravenous and inhalational β2AR agonists exert a cardioprotective effect against IRI by activating the anti-inflammatory β2AR-IL-10 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yikui Tian
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital
| | - Bin Miao
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia.,Department of Transplant Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University
| | | | - Di Wu
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia
| | | | - Brent A French
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia
| | - Zequan Yang
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia
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13
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Haskins RM, Nguyen AT, Alencar GF, Billaud M, Kelly-Goss MR, Good ME, Bottermann K, Klibanov AL, French BA, Harris TE, Peirce SM, Isakson BE, Owens GK. Klf4 has an unexpected protective role in perivascular cells within the microvasculature. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2018; 315:H402-H414. [PMID: 29631369 PMCID: PMC6139624 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00084.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Recent smooth muscle cell (SMC) lineage-tracing studies have revealed that SMCs undergo remarkable changes in phenotype during development of atherosclerosis. Of major interest, we demonstrated that Kruppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) in SMCs is detrimental for overall lesion pathogenesis, in that SMC-specific conditional knockout of the KLF4 gene ( Klf4) resulted in smaller, more-stable lesions that exhibited marked reductions in the numbers of SMC-derived macrophage- and mesenchymal stem cell-like cells. However, since the clinical consequences of atherosclerosis typically occur well after our reproductive years, we sought to identify beneficial KLF4-dependent SMC functions that were likely to be evolutionarily conserved. We tested the hypothesis that KLF4-dependent SMC transitions play an important role in the tissue injury-repair process. Using SMC-specific lineage-tracing mice positive and negative for simultaneous SMC-specific conditional knockout of Klf4, we demonstrate that SMCs in the remodeling heart after ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) express KLF4 and transition to a KLF4-dependent macrophage-like state and a KLF4-independent myofibroblast-like state. Moreover, heart failure after IRI was exacerbated in SMC Klf4 knockout mice. Surprisingly, we observed a significant cardiac dilation in SMC Klf4 knockout mice before IRI as well as a reduction in peripheral resistance. KLF4 chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing analysis on mesenteric vascular beds identified potential baseline SMC KLF4 target genes in numerous pathways, including PDGF and FGF. Moreover, microvascular tissue beds in SMC Klf4 knockout mice had gaps in lineage-traced SMC coverage along the resistance arteries and exhibited increased permeability. Together, these results provide novel evidence that Klf4 has a critical maintenance role within microvascular SMCs: it is required for normal SMC function and coverage of resistance arteries. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We report novel evidence that the Kruppel-like factor 4 gene ( Klf4) has a critical maintenance role within microvascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). SMC-specific Klf4 knockout at baseline resulted in a loss of lineage-traced SMC coverage of resistance arteries, dilation of resistance arteries, increased blood flow, and cardiac dilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M Haskins
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, Virginia
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Anh T Nguyen
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Gabriel F Alencar
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, Virginia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Marie Billaud
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Molly R Kelly-Goss
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, Virginia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Miranda E Good
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, Virginia
| | | | - Alexander L Klibanov
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, Virginia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Brent A French
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Thurl E Harris
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Shayn M Peirce
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, Virginia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Brant E Isakson
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, Virginia
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Gary K Owens
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, Virginia
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, Virginia
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14
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Ni Y, Liang D, Tian Y, Kron IL, French BA, Yang Z. Infarct-Sparing Effect of Adenosine A2B Receptor Agonist Is Primarily Due to Its Action on Splenic Leukocytes Via a PI3K/Akt/IL-10 Pathway. J Surg Res 2018; 232:442-449. [PMID: 30463755 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2018.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adenosine A2B receptor (A2BAR) agonist reduces myocardial reperfusion injury by acting on inflammatory cells. Recently, a cardiosplenic axis was shown to mediate the myocardial postischemic reperfusion injury. This study aimed to explore whether the infarct-squaring effect of A2BAR agonist was primarily due to its action on splenic leukocytes. METHODS C57BL6 (wild type [WT]) mice underwent 40 min of left coronary artery occlusion followed by 60 min of reperfusion. A2BAR knockout (KO) and interleukin (IL)-10KO mice served as donors for splenic leukocytes. Acute splenectomy was performed 30 min before ischemia. The acute splenic leukocyte adoptive transfer was performed by injecting 5 × 106 live splenic leukocytes into splenectomized mice. BAY 60-6583, an A2BAR agonist, was injected by i.v. 15 min before ischemia. The infarct size (IS) was determined using 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride and Phthalo blue staining. The expression of p-Akt and IL-10 was estimated by Western blotting. Immunofluorescence staining assessed the localization of IL-10 expression. RESULTS BAY 60-6583 reduced the myocardial IS in intact mice but failed to reduce the same in splenectomized mice, which had a smaller IS than intact mice. BAY 60-6583 reduced the IS in splenectomized mice with the acute transfer of WT splenic leukocytes; however, it did not protect the heart of splenectomized mice with the acute transfer of A2BRKO splenic leukocytes. Furthermore, BAY 60-6583 increased the levels of p-Akt and IL-10 in the WT spleen. Moreover, it did not exert any protective effect in IL-10KO mice. CONCLUSIONS A2BAR activation before ischemia stimulated the IL-10 production in splenic leukocytes via a PI3K/Akt pathway, thereby exerting anti-inflammatory effects that limited the myocardial reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Ni
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, P.R. of China
| | - Degang Liang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, P.R. of China
| | - Yikui Tian
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, P.R. of China.
| | - Irving L Kron
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Brent A French
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Zequan Yang
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia.
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15
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Afifiyan N, Tillman B, French BA, Sweeny O, Masouminia M, Samadzadeh S, French SW. The role of Tec kinase signaling pathways in the development of Mallory Denk Bodies in balloon cells in alcoholic hepatitis. Exp Mol Pathol 2017; 103:191-199. [PMID: 28935395 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Several research strategies have been used to study the pathogenesis of alcoholic hepatitis (AH). These strategies have shown that various signaling pathways are the target of alcohol in liver cells. However, few have provided specific mechanisms associated with Mallory-Denk Bodies (MDBs) formed in Balloon cells in AH. The formation of MDBs in these hepatocytes is an indication that the mechanisms of protein quality control have failed. The MDB is the result of aggregation and accumulation of proteins in the cytoplasm of balloon degenerated liver cells. To understand the mechanisms that failed to degrade and remove proteins in the hepatocyte from patients suffering from alcoholic hepatitis, we investigated the pathways that showed significant up regulation in the AH liver biopsies compared to normal control livers (Liu et al., 2015). Analysis of genomic profiles of AH liver biopsies and control livers by RNA-seq revealed different pathways that were up regulated significantly. In this study, the focus was on Tec kinase signaling pathways and the genes that significantly interrupt this pathway. Quantitative PCR and immunofluorescence staining results, indicated that several genes and proteins are significantly over expressed in the livers of AH patients that affect the Tec kinase signaling to PI3K which leads to activation of Akt and its downstream effectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Afifiyan
- Department of Pathology, Harbor UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles BioMedical Institute, 1000W. Carson, Torrance, CA 90509, United States
| | - B Tillman
- Department of Pathology, Harbor UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles BioMedical Institute, 1000W. Carson, Torrance, CA 90509, United States
| | - B A French
- Department of Pathology, Harbor UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles BioMedical Institute, 1000W. Carson, Torrance, CA 90509, United States
| | - O Sweeny
- Department of Pathology, Harbor UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles BioMedical Institute, 1000W. Carson, Torrance, CA 90509, United States
| | - M Masouminia
- Department of Pathology, Harbor UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles BioMedical Institute, 1000W. Carson, Torrance, CA 90509, United States
| | - S Samadzadeh
- Department of Pathology, Harbor UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles BioMedical Institute, 1000W. Carson, Torrance, CA 90509, United States
| | - S W French
- Department of Pathology, Harbor UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles BioMedical Institute, 1000W. Carson, Torrance, CA 90509, United States.
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16
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Afifiyan N, Tillman B, French BA, Masouminia M, Samadzadeh S, French SW. Over expression of proteins that alter the intracellular signaling pathways in the cytoplasm of the liver cells forming Mallory-Denk bodies. Exp Mol Pathol 2017; 102:106-114. [PMID: 28089901 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2017.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In this study, liver biopsy sections fixed in formalin and embedded in paraffin (FFPE) from patients with alcoholic hepatitis (AH) were used. The results showed that the expression of the SYK protein was up regulated by RNA-seq and real time PCR analyses in the alcoholic hepatitis patients compared to controls. The results were supported by using the IHC fluorescent antibody staining intensity morphometric quantitation. Morphometric quantification of fluorescent intensity measurement showed a two fold increase in SYK protein in the cytoplasm of the cells forming MDBs compared to surrounding normal hepatocytes. The expression of AKT1 was also analyzed. AKT1 is a serine/threonine-specific protein kinase that plays a key role in multiple cellular processes such as glucose metabolism, apoptosis, cell proliferation, transcription and cell migration. The AKT protein was also increased in hepatocyte balloon cells forming MDBs. This observation demonstrates the role of SYK and its subsequent effect on the internal signaling pathways such as PI3K/AKT as well as p70S6K, as a potential multifunctional target in protein quality control mechanisms of hepatocytes when ER stress is activated.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Afifiyan
- Department of Pathology, Harbor UCLA Medical Center and Los Angeles BioMedical Institute, 1000W, Carson, Torrance, CA 90509, United States
| | - B Tillman
- Department of Pathology, Harbor UCLA Medical Center and Los Angeles BioMedical Institute, 1000W, Carson, Torrance, CA 90509, United States
| | - B A French
- Department of Pathology, Harbor UCLA Medical Center and Los Angeles BioMedical Institute, 1000W, Carson, Torrance, CA 90509, United States
| | - M Masouminia
- Department of Pathology, Harbor UCLA Medical Center and Los Angeles BioMedical Institute, 1000W, Carson, Torrance, CA 90509, United States
| | - S Samadzadeh
- Department of Pathology, Harbor UCLA Medical Center and Los Angeles BioMedical Institute, 1000W, Carson, Torrance, CA 90509, United States
| | - S W French
- Department of Pathology, Harbor UCLA Medical Center and Los Angeles BioMedical Institute, 1000W, Carson, Torrance, CA 90509, United States.
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17
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Cui SX, French BA, Epstein FH. Detection of increased coronary microvascular permeability with MRI T1 mapping and gadolinium-labeled albumin. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2016. [PMCID: PMC5032631 DOI: 10.1186/1532-429x-18-s1-w3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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18
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Cheng YJ, Chemaly ER, Tian Y, Epstein FH, French BA. Pharmacologic immunomodulation via adenosine 2a receptor stimulation improves LV remodeling and systolic strain in regions adjacent to the infarct as assessed by cardiac MRI. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2016. [PMCID: PMC5032260 DOI: 10.1186/1532-429x-18-s1-o73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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19
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Totzeck M, Hendgen-Cotta UB, French BA, Rassaf T. A practical approach to remote ischemic preconditioning and ischemic preconditioning against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. J Biol Methods 2016; 3. [PMID: 28066791 PMCID: PMC5218813 DOI: 10.14440/jbm.2016.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Although urgently needed in clinical practice, a cardioprotective therapeutic approach against myocardial ischemia/ reperfusion injury remains to be established. Remote ischemic preconditioning (rIPC) and ischemic preconditioning (IPC) represent promising tools comprising three entities: the generation of a protective signal, the transfer of the signal to the target organ, and the response to the transferred signal resulting in cardioprotection. However, in light of recent scientific advances, many controversies arise regarding the efficacy of the underlying signaling. We here show methods for the generation of the signaling cascade by rIPC as well as IPC in a mouse model for in vivo myocardial ischemia/ reperfusion injury using highly reproducible approaches. This is accomplished by taking advantage of easily applicable preconditioning strategies compatible with the clinical setting. We describe methods for using laser Doppler perfusion imaging to monitor the cessation and recovery of perfusion in real time. The effects of preconditioning on cardiac function can also be assessed using ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging approaches. On a cellular level, we confirm how tissue injury can be monitored using histological assessment of infarct size in conjunction with immunohistochemistry to assess both aspects in a single specimen. Finally, we outline, how the rIPC-associated signaling can be transferred to the target cell via conservation of the signal in the humoral (blood) compartment. This compilation of experimental protocols including a conditioning regimen comparable to the clinical setting should proof useful to both beginners and experts in the field of myocardial infarction, supplying information for the detailed procedures as well as troubleshooting guides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Totzeck
- Department of Cardiology and Department of Angiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Essen, Essen 45147, Germany
| | - Ulrike B Hendgen-Cotta
- Department of Cardiology and Department of Angiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Essen, Essen 45147, Germany
| | - Brent A French
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Tienush Rassaf
- Department of Cardiology and Department of Angiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Essen, Essen 45147, Germany
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20
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Tian Y, Pan D, Chordia MD, French BA, Kron IL, Yang Z. The spleen contributes importantly to myocardial infarct exacerbation during post-ischemic reperfusion in mice via signaling between cardiac HMGB1 and splenic RAGE. Basic Res Cardiol 2016; 111:62. [PMID: 27645145 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-016-0583-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The spleen plays a critical role in post-infarct myocardial remodeling. However, the role of the spleen in exacerbating myocardial infarction (MI) during acute ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is unknown. The present study tests the hypothesis that splenic leukocytes are activated by substances released from ischemic myocardium to subsequently exacerbate myocardial injury during reperfusion. The left coronary artery in C57BL/6 mice underwent various durations of occlusion followed by 60 min of reperfusion (denoted as min/min of I/R) with or without splenectomy prior to I/R injury. Splenectomy significantly decreased myocardial infarct size (IS) in 40'/60' and 50'/60' groups (p < 0.05); however, it had no effect on IS in 10'/60', 20'/60' and 30'/60' groups (p = NS). In the 20'/60' group, infusion of 40-min ischemic heart homogenate (40-IHH) upon reperfusion increased IS by >threefold versus infusion of 10-IHH (p < 0.05). Splenectomy abolished the infarct-exacerbating effect of 40-IHH, which was restored by splenic leukocyte adoptive transfer (SPAT). Furthermore, depletion of HMGB1 in the 40-IHH group abolished its infarct-exacerbating effect (p < 0.05), and 40-IHH failed to increase IS in both RAGE(-/-) mice and splenectomized wild-type mice with SPAT from RAGE(-/-) mice. The injection of 40-IHH significantly increased formyl peptide receptor 1 (FPR1) expression in sham spleens when compared to 10-IHH-treated sham and control mice. cFLFLF, a specific FPR1 antagonist, reduced myocardial neutrophil infiltration and abrogated the infarct-exacerbating effect of 40-IHH during reperfusion. A cardio (HMGB1)-splenic (RAGE receptor) signaling axis exists and contributes to myocardial infarct exacerbation during reperfusion after prolonged ischemic insults by activating splenic leukocytes. The FPR1 is a potential therapeutic target for inhibiting the cardio-splenic axis that augments infarct size during post-ischemic reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yikui Tian
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, P.O. Box 800709, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Dongfeng Pan
- Department of Radiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Mahendra D Chordia
- Department of Radiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Brent A French
- Department of Radiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Irving L Kron
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, P.O. Box 800709, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Zequan Yang
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, P.O. Box 800709, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
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Masouminia M, Samadzadeh S, Ebaee A, French BA, Tillman B, French SW. Alcoholic steatohepatitis (ASH) causes more UPR-ER stress than non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Exp Mol Pathol 2016; 101:201-206. [PMID: 27587085 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Masouminia
- Harbor UCLA Medical Center, Department of Pathology, Torrance, CA 90502, United States.
| | - S Samadzadeh
- LABioMed Research Institute, Torrance, CA, United States.
| | - A Ebaee
- Harbor UCLA Medical Center, Department of Pathology, Torrance, CA 90502, United States.
| | - B A French
- LABioMed Research Institute, Torrance, CA, United States.
| | - B Tillman
- LABioMed Research Institute, Torrance, CA, United States.
| | - S W French
- Harbor UCLA Medical Center, Department of Pathology, Torrance, CA 90502, United States; LABioMed Research Institute, Torrance, CA, United States.
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Masouminia M, Samadzadeh S, Mendoza AS, French BA, Tillman B, French SW. Upregulation of autophagy components in alcoholic hepatitis and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Exp Mol Pathol 2016; 101:81-8. [PMID: 27432584 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
There are many homeostatic mechanisms for coping with stress conditions in cells, including autophagy. In many studies autophagy, as an intracellular pathway which degrades misfolded and damaged protein, and Mallory-Denk Body (MDB) formation have been shown to be protective mechanisms against stress such as alcoholic hepatitis. Alcohol has a significant role in alteration of lipid homeostasis, sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs) and peroxidase proliferator-activated receptors through AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-dependent mechanism. AMPK is one of the kinases that regulate autophagy through the dephosphorylation of ATG1. Activation of ATG1 (ULK kinases family) activates ATG6. These two activated proteins relocate to the site of initial autophagosome and activate the other downstream components of autophagocytosis. Many other proteins regulate autophagocytosis at the gene level. CHOP (C/EBP homologous protein) is one of the most important parts of stress-inducible transcription that encodes a ubiquitous transcription factor. In this report we measure the upregulation of the gene that are involved in autophagocytosis in liver biopsies of alcoholic hepatitis and NASH. Electron microscopy was used to document the presence of autophagosomes in the liver cells. Expression of AMPK1, ATG1, ATG6 and CHOP in ASH were significantly (p value<0.05) upregulated in comparison to control. Electron microscopy findings of ASH confirmed the presence of autophagosomes, one of which contained a MDB, heretofore undescribed. Significant upregulations of AMPK-1, ATG-1, ATG-6, and CHOP, and uptrending of ATG-4, ATG-5, ATG-9, ATR, and ATM in ASH compared to normal control livers indicate active autophagocytosis in alcoholic hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Masouminia
- Harbor UCLA Medical Center, Department of Pathology, Torrance, CA, United States
| | | | - A S Mendoza
- Harbor UCLA Medical Center, Department of Pathology, Torrance, CA, United States
| | | | - B Tillman
- LA Biomed, Torrance, CA, United States
| | - S W French
- Harbor UCLA Medical Center, Department of Pathology, Torrance, CA, United States.
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Rammos C, Hendgen-Cotta UB, Totzeck M, Pohl J, Lüdike P, Flögel U, Deenen R, Köhrer K, French BA, Gödecke A, Kelm M, Rassaf T. Impact of dietary nitrate on age-related diastolic dysfunction. Eur J Heart Fail 2016; 18:599-610. [PMID: 27118445 DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Diastolic dysfunction is highly prevalent, and ageing is the main contributor due to impairments in active cardiac relaxation, ventriculo-vascular stiffening, and endothelial dysfunction. Nitric oxide (NO) affects cardiovascular functions, and NO bioavailability is critically reduced with ageing. Whether replenishment of NO deficiency with dietary inorganic nitrate would offer a novel approach to reverse age-related cardiovascular alterations was not known. METHODS AND RESULTS A dietary nitrate supplementation was applied to young (6 month) and old (20 month) wild-type mice for 8 weeks and compared with controls. High-resolution ultrasound, pressure-volume catheter techniques, and isolated heart measurements were applied to assess cardiac diastolic and vascular functions. Cardiac manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging was performed to study the effects of dietary nitrate on myocyte calcium handling. In aged mice with preserved systolic function, dietary nitrate supplementation improved LV diastolic function, arterial compliance, and coronary flow reserve. Mechanistically, improved cardiovascular functions were associated with an accelerated cardiomyocyte calcium handling and augmented NO/cyclic guanosine monophosphate/protein kinase G signalling, while enhanced nitrate reduction was related to age-related differences in the oral microbiome. CONCLUSION Dietary inorganic nitrate reverses age-related LV diastolic dysfunction and improves vascular functions. Our results highlight the potential of a dietary approach in the therapy of age-related cardiovascular alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Rammos
- West-German Heart and Vascular Center Essen, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ulrike B Hendgen-Cotta
- West-German Heart and Vascular Center Essen, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Matthias Totzeck
- West-German Heart and Vascular Center Essen, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Julia Pohl
- West-German Heart and Vascular Center Essen, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Peter Lüdike
- West-German Heart and Vascular Center Essen, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Flögel
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - René Deenen
- Biological and Medical Research Center (BMFZ), Genomics and Transcriptomics Laboratory, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Karl Köhrer
- Biological and Medical Research Center (BMFZ), Genomics and Transcriptomics Laboratory, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Brent A French
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Axel Gödecke
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Malte Kelm
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tienush Rassaf
- West-German Heart and Vascular Center Essen, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
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O'Connor DM, Smith RS, Piras BA, Beyers RJ, Lin D, Hossack JA, French BA. Heart Rate Reduction With Ivabradine Protects Against Left Ventricular Remodeling by Attenuating Infarct Expansion and Preserving Remote-Zone Contractile Function and Synchrony in a Mouse Model of Reperfused Myocardial Infarction. J Am Heart Assoc 2016; 5:e002989. [PMID: 27107133 PMCID: PMC4843531 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.115.002989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ivabradine selectively inhibits the pacemaker current of the sinoatrial node, slowing heart rate. Few studies have examined the effects of ivabradine on the mechanical properties of the heart after reperfused myocardial infarction (MI). Advances in ultrasound speckle-tracking allow strain analyses to be performed in small-animal models, enabling the assessment of regional mechanical function. METHODS AND RESULTS After 1 hour of coronary occlusion followed by reperfusion, mice received 10 mg/kg per day of ivabradine dissolved in drinking water (n=10), or were treated as infarcted controls (n=9). Three-dimensional high-frequency echocardiography was performed at baseline and at days 2, 7, 14, and 28 post-MI. Speckle-tracking software was used to calculate intramural longitudinal myocardial strain (Ell) and strain rate. Standard deviation time to peak radial strain (SD Tpeak Err) and temporal uniformity of strain were calculated from short-axis cines acquired in the left ventricular remote zone. Ivabradine reduced heart rate by 8% to 16% over the course of 28 days compared to controls (P<0.001). On day 28 post-MI, the ivabradine group was found to have significantly smaller end-systolic volumes, greater ejection fraction, reduced wall thinning, and greater peak Ell and Ell rate in the remote zone, as well as globally. Temporal uniformity of strain and SD Tpeak Err were significantly smaller in the ivabradine-treated group by day 28 (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS High-frequency ultrasound speckle-tracking demonstrated decreased left ventricular remodeling and dyssynchrony, as well as improved mechanical performance in remote myocardium after heart rate reduction with ivabradine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M O'Connor
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Robert S Smith
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Bryan A Piras
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Ronald J Beyers
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Dan Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - John A Hossack
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Brent A French
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA Department of Radiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
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Fu HY, Sanada S, Matsuzaki T, Liao Y, Okuda K, Yamato M, Tsuchida S, Araki R, Asano Y, Asanuma H, Asakura M, French BA, Sakata Y, Kitakaze M, Minamino T. Chemical Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperone Alleviates Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiac Dysfunction. Circ Res 2016; 118:798-809. [PMID: 26838784 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.115.307604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Doxorubicin is an effective chemotherapeutic agent for cancer, but its use is often limited by cardiotoxicity. Doxorubicin causes endoplasmic reticulum (ER) dilation in cardiomyocytes, and we have demonstrated that ER stress plays important roles in the pathophysiology of heart failure. OBJECTIVE We evaluated the role of ER stress in doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity and examined whether the chemical ER chaperone could prevent doxorubicin-induced cardiac dysfunction. METHODS AND RESULTS We confirmed that doxorubicin caused ER dilation in mouse hearts, indicating that doxorubicin may affect ER function. Doxorubicin activated an ER transmembrane stress sensor, activating transcription factor 6, in cultured cardiomyocytes and mouse hearts. However, doxorubicin suppressed the expression of genes downstream of activating transcription factor 6, including X-box binding protein 1. The decreased levels of X-box binding protein 1 resulted in a failure to induce the expression of the ER chaperone glucose-regulated protein 78 which plays a major role in adaptive responses to ER stress. In addition, doxorubicin activated caspase-12, an ER membrane-resident apoptotic molecule, which can lead to cardiomyocyte apoptosis and cardiac dysfunction. Cardiac-specific overexpression of glucose-regulated protein 78 by adeno-associated virus 9 or the administration of the chemical ER chaperone 4-phenylbutyrate attenuated caspase-12 cleavage, and alleviated cardiac apoptosis and dysfunction induced by doxorubicin. CONCLUSIONS Doxorubicin activated the ER stress-initiated apoptotic response without inducing the ER chaperone glucose-regulated protein 78, further augmenting ER stress in mouse hearts. Cardiac-specific overexpression of glucose-regulated protein 78 or the administration of the chemical ER chaperone alleviated the cardiac dysfunction induced by doxorubicin and may facilitate the safe use of doxorubicin for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Ying Fu
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan (H.Y.F., S.S., T.M., K.O., M.Y., S.T., R.A., Y.A., Y.S., T.M.); Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China (Y.L.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan (H.A.); Department of Clinical Research and Development, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan (M.A., M.K.); and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (B.A.F.)
| | - Shoji Sanada
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan (H.Y.F., S.S., T.M., K.O., M.Y., S.T., R.A., Y.A., Y.S., T.M.); Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China (Y.L.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan (H.A.); Department of Clinical Research and Development, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan (M.A., M.K.); and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (B.A.F.)
| | - Takashi Matsuzaki
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan (H.Y.F., S.S., T.M., K.O., M.Y., S.T., R.A., Y.A., Y.S., T.M.); Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China (Y.L.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan (H.A.); Department of Clinical Research and Development, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan (M.A., M.K.); and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (B.A.F.)
| | - Yulin Liao
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan (H.Y.F., S.S., T.M., K.O., M.Y., S.T., R.A., Y.A., Y.S., T.M.); Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China (Y.L.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan (H.A.); Department of Clinical Research and Development, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan (M.A., M.K.); and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (B.A.F.)
| | - Keiji Okuda
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan (H.Y.F., S.S., T.M., K.O., M.Y., S.T., R.A., Y.A., Y.S., T.M.); Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China (Y.L.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan (H.A.); Department of Clinical Research and Development, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan (M.A., M.K.); and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (B.A.F.)
| | - Masaki Yamato
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan (H.Y.F., S.S., T.M., K.O., M.Y., S.T., R.A., Y.A., Y.S., T.M.); Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China (Y.L.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan (H.A.); Department of Clinical Research and Development, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan (M.A., M.K.); and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (B.A.F.)
| | - Shota Tsuchida
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan (H.Y.F., S.S., T.M., K.O., M.Y., S.T., R.A., Y.A., Y.S., T.M.); Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China (Y.L.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan (H.A.); Department of Clinical Research and Development, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan (M.A., M.K.); and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (B.A.F.)
| | - Ryo Araki
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan (H.Y.F., S.S., T.M., K.O., M.Y., S.T., R.A., Y.A., Y.S., T.M.); Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China (Y.L.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan (H.A.); Department of Clinical Research and Development, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan (M.A., M.K.); and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (B.A.F.)
| | - Yoshihiro Asano
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan (H.Y.F., S.S., T.M., K.O., M.Y., S.T., R.A., Y.A., Y.S., T.M.); Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China (Y.L.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan (H.A.); Department of Clinical Research and Development, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan (M.A., M.K.); and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (B.A.F.)
| | - Hiroshi Asanuma
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan (H.Y.F., S.S., T.M., K.O., M.Y., S.T., R.A., Y.A., Y.S., T.M.); Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China (Y.L.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan (H.A.); Department of Clinical Research and Development, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan (M.A., M.K.); and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (B.A.F.)
| | - Masanori Asakura
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan (H.Y.F., S.S., T.M., K.O., M.Y., S.T., R.A., Y.A., Y.S., T.M.); Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China (Y.L.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan (H.A.); Department of Clinical Research and Development, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan (M.A., M.K.); and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (B.A.F.)
| | - Brent A French
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan (H.Y.F., S.S., T.M., K.O., M.Y., S.T., R.A., Y.A., Y.S., T.M.); Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China (Y.L.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan (H.A.); Department of Clinical Research and Development, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan (M.A., M.K.); and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (B.A.F.)
| | - Yasushi Sakata
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan (H.Y.F., S.S., T.M., K.O., M.Y., S.T., R.A., Y.A., Y.S., T.M.); Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China (Y.L.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan (H.A.); Department of Clinical Research and Development, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan (M.A., M.K.); and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (B.A.F.)
| | - Masafumi Kitakaze
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan (H.Y.F., S.S., T.M., K.O., M.Y., S.T., R.A., Y.A., Y.S., T.M.); Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China (Y.L.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan (H.A.); Department of Clinical Research and Development, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan (M.A., M.K.); and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (B.A.F.)
| | - Tetsuo Minamino
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan (H.Y.F., S.S., T.M., K.O., M.Y., S.T., R.A., Y.A., Y.S., T.M.); Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China (Y.L.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan (H.A.); Department of Clinical Research and Development, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan (M.A., M.K.); and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (B.A.F.).
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Naresh NK, Chen X, Moran E, Tian Y, French BA, Epstein FH. Repeatability and variability of myocardial perfusion imaging techniques in mice: Comparison of arterial spin labeling and first-pass contrast-enhanced MRI. Magn Reson Med 2015; 75:2394-405. [PMID: 26190350 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.25769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Preclinical imaging of myocardial blood flow (MBF) can elucidate molecular mechanisms underlying cardiovascular disease. We compared the repeatability and variability of two methods, first-pass MRI and arterial spin labeling (ASL), for imaging MBF in mice. METHODS Quantitative perfusion MRI in mice was performed using both methods at rest, with a vasodilator, and one day after myocardial infarction. Image quality (score of 1-5; 5 best), between-session coefficient of variability (CVbs ), intra-user coefficient of variability (CVintra-user ), and inter-user coefficient of variability (CVinter-user ) were assessed. Acquisition time was 1-2 min for first-pass MRI and approximately 40 min for ASL. RESULTS Image quality was higher for ASL (3.94 ± 0.09 versus 2.88 ± 0.10; P < 0.05). Infarct zone CVbs was lower with first-pass (17 ± 3% versus 46 ± 9%; P < 0.05). The stress perfusion CVintra-user was lower for ASL (3 ± 1% versus 14 ± 3%; P < 0.05). The stress perfusion CVinter-user was lower for ASL (4 ± 1% versus 17 ± 4%; P < 0.05). CONCLUSION For low MBF conditions such as infarct, first-pass MRI is preferred due to better repeatability and variability. At high MBF such as at vasodilation, ASL may be more suitable due to superior image quality and lower user variability. First-pass MRI has a substantial speed advantage. Magn Reson Med 75:2394-2405, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nivedita K Naresh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Xiao Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Eric Moran
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Yikui Tian
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Brent A French
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Frederick H Epstein
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.,Department of Radiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
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Dasa SSK, Suzuki R, Gutknecht M, Brinton LT, Tian Y, Michaelsson E, Lindfors L, Klibanov AL, French BA, Kelly KA. Development of target-specific liposomes for delivering small molecule drugs after reperfused myocardial infarction. J Control Release 2015; 220:556-567. [PMID: 26122651 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Although reperfusion is essential in restoring circulation to ischemic myocardium, it also leads to irreversible events including reperfusion injury, decreased cardiac function and ultimately scar formation. Various cell types are involved in the multi-phase repair process including inflammatory cells, vascular cells and cardiac fibroblasts. Therapies targeting these cell types in the infarct border zone can improve cardiac function but are limited by systemic side effects. The aim of this work was to develop liposomes with surface modifications to include peptides with affinity for cell types present in the post-infarct myocardium. To identify peptides specific for the infarct/border zone, we used in vivo phage display methods and an optical imaging approach: fluorescence molecular tomography (FMT). We identified peptides specific for cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, myofibroblasts, and c-Kit + cells present in the border zone of the remodeling infarct. These peptides were then conjugated to liposomes and in vivo specificity and pharmacokinetics were determined. As a proof of concept, cardiomyocyte specific (I-1) liposomes were used to deliver a PARP-1 (poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 1) inhibitor: AZ7379. Using a targeted liposomal approach, we were able to increase AZ7379 availability in the infarct/border zone at 24h post-injection as compared with free AZ7379. We observed ~3-fold higher efficiency of PARP-1 inhibition when all cell types were assessed using I-1 liposomes as compared with negative control peptide liposomes (NCP). When analyzed further, I-1 liposomes had 9-fold and 1.5-fold higher efficiencies in cardiomyocytes and macrophages, respectively, as compared with NCP liposomes. In conclusion, we have developed a modular drug delivery system that can be targeted to cell types of therapeutic interest in the infarct border zone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siva Sai Krishna Dasa
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Ryo Suzuki
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA; Laboratory of Drug and Gene Delivery System, Faculty of Pharma-Sciences, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michael Gutknecht
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Lindsey T Brinton
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Yikui Tian
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | | | | | - Alexander L Klibanov
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Brent A French
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Kimberly A Kelly
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
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O'Connor DM, Naresh NK, Piras BA, Xu Y, Smith RS, Epstein FH, Hossack JA, Ogle RC, French BA. A novel cardiac muscle-derived biomaterial reduces dyskinesia and postinfarct left ventricular remodeling in a mouse model of myocardial infarction. Physiol Rep 2015; 3:3/3/e12351. [PMID: 25825543 PMCID: PMC4393176 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation after myocardial infarction (MI) leaves the myocardium structurally weakened and, as a result, susceptible to early infarct zone dyskinesia and left ventricular (LV) remodeling. While various cellular and biomaterial preparations have been transplanted into the infarct zone in hopes of improving post-MI LV remodeling, an allogeneic cardiac muscle-derived ECM extract has yet to be developed and tested in the setting of reperfused MI. We sought to determine the effects of injecting a novel cardiac muscle-derived ECM into the infarct zone on early dyskinesia and LV remodeling in a mouse model of MI. Cardiac muscle ECM was extracted from frozen mouse heart tissue by a protocol that enriches for basement membrane constituents. The extract was injected into the infarct zone immediately after ischemia/reperfusion injury (n = 6). Echocardiography was performed at baseline and at days 2, 7, 14, and 28 post-MI to assess 3D LV volumes and cardiac function, as compared to infarcted controls (n = 9). Early infarct zone dyskinesia was measured on day 2 post-MI using a novel metric, the dyskinesia index. End-systolic volume was significantly reduced in the ECM-treated group compared to controls by day 14. Ejection fraction and stroke volume were also significantly improved in the ECM-treated group. ECM-treated hearts showed a significant (P < 0.005) reduction in dyskinetic motion on day 2. Thus, using high-frequency ultrasound, it was shown that treatment with a cardiac-derived ECM preparation reduced early infarct zone dyskinesia and post-MI LV remodeling in a mouse model of reperfused MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M O'Connor
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Nivedita K Naresh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Bryan A Piras
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Yaqin Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Robert S Smith
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Frederick H Epstein
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia Department of Radiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - John A Hossack
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Roy C Ogle
- School of Medical Diagnostic and Translational Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia
| | - Brent A French
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia Department of Radiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
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Lin D, French BA, Xu Y, Hossack JA, Holmes JW. An ultrasound-driven kinematic model for deformation of the infarcted mouse left ventricle incorporating a near-incompressibility constraint. Ultrasound Med Biol 2015; 41:532-541. [PMID: 25542490 PMCID: PMC4297537 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2014.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Revised: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Mathematical models of varying complexity have proved useful in fitting and interpreting regional cardiac displacements obtained from imaging methods such as ultrasound speckle tracking or MRI tagging. Simpler models, such as the classic thick-walled cylinder model of the left ventricle (LV), can be solved quickly and are easy to implement, but they ignore regional geometric variations and are difficult to adapt to the study of regional pathologies like myocardial infarctions. Complex, anatomically accurate finite-element models work well, but are computationally intensive and require specialized expertise to implement. We developed a kinematic model that offers a compromise between these two traditional approaches, assuming only that displacements in the left ventricle are polynomial functions of initial position and that the myocardium is nearly incompressible, while allowing myocardial motion to vary spatially as would be expected in an ischemic or dyssynchronous LV. Model parameters were determined using an objective function with adjustable weights to account for confidence in individual displacement components and desired strength of the incompressibility constraint. The model accurately represented the motion of both normal and infarcted mouse LVs during the cardiac cycle, with normalized root mean square errors in predicted deformed positions of 8.2 ± 2.3% and 7.4 ± 2.1% for normal and infarcted hearts, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Brent A French
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA; Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Yaqin Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - John A Hossack
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA; Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA; Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Jeffrey W Holmes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA; Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
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Tian Y, Linden J, French BA, Yang Z. Atorvastatin at reperfusion reduces myocardial infarct size in mice by activating eNOS in bone marrow-derived cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e114375. [PMID: 25470018 PMCID: PMC4254980 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The current study was designed to test our hypothesis that atorvastatin could reduce infarct size in intact mice by activating eNOS, specifically the eNOS in bone marrow-derived cells. C57BL/6J mice (B6) and congenic eNOS knockout (KO) mice underwent 45 min LAD occlusion and 60 min reperfusion. Chimeric mice, created by bone marrow transplantation between B6 and eNOS KO mice, underwent 40 min LAD occlusion and 60 min reperfusion. Mice were treated either with vehicle or atorvastatin in 5% ethanol at a dose of 10 mg/kg IV 5 min before initiating reperfusion. Infarct size was evaluated by TTC and Phthalo blue staining. Results Atorvastatin treatment reduced infarct size in B6 mice by 19% (p<0.05). In eNOS KO vehicle-control mice, infarct size was comparable to that of B6 vehicle-control mice (p = NS). Atorvastatin treatment had no effect on infarct size in eNOS KO mice (p = NS). In chimeras, atorvastatin significantly reduced infarct size in B6/B6 (donor/recipient) mice and B6/KO mice (p<0.05), but not in KO/KO mice or KO/B6 mice (p = NS). Conclusions The results demonstrate that acute administration of atorvastatin significantly reduces myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in an eNOS-dependent manner, probably through the post-transcriptional activation of eNOS in bone marrow-derived cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yikui Tian
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Joel Linden
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy & Immunology, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Brent A. French
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Zequan Yang
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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French BA, Annex BH. AAV9 and Cre: a one-two punch for a quick cardiac knockout. Cardiovasc Res 2014; 104:3-4. [PMID: 25187523 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvu200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Brent A French
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Medicine/Cardiovascular Medicine and Radiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Brian H Annex
- Departments of Medicine/Cardiovascular Medicine, Biomedical Engineering, and the Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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Liu H, Li J, Tillman B, French BA, French SW. Ufmylation and FATylation pathways are downregulated in human alcoholic and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, and mice fed DDC, where Mallory-Denk bodies (MDBs) form. Exp Mol Pathol 2014; 97:81-8. [PMID: 24893112 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2014.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported the mechanisms involved in the formation of Mallory-Denk bodies (MDBs) in mice fed DDC. To further provide clinical evidence as to how ubiquitin-like protein (Ubls) modification, gene transcript expression in Ufmylation and FATylation were investigated in human archived formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) liver biopsies and frozen liver sections from DDC re-fed mice were used. Real-time PCR analysis showed that all Ufmylation molecules (Ufm1, Uba5, Ufc1, Ufl1 and UfSPs) were significantly downregulated, both in DDC re-fed mice livers and patients' livers where MDBs had formed, indicating that gene transcript changes were limited to MDB-forming livers where the protein quality control system was downregulated. FAT10 and subunits of the immunoproteasome (LMP2 and LMP7) were both upregulated as previously shown. An approximate 176- and 5-fold upregulation (respectively) of FAT10 was observed in the DDC re-fed mice liver and in the livers of human alcoholic hepatitis with MDBs present, implying that there was an important role played by this gene. The FAT10-specific E1 and E2 enzymes Uba6 and USE1, however, were found to be downregulated both in patients' livers and in the liver of DDC re-fed mice. Interestedly, the downregulation of mRNA levels was proportionate to MDB abundance in the liver tissues. Our results show the first systematic demonstration of transcript regulation of Ufmylation and FATylation in the liver of patients who form MDBs, where protein quality control is downregulated. This was also shown in the livers of DDC re-fed mice where MDBs had formed.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Liu
- Department of Pathology, LABioMed at Harbor UCLA Medical Center, 1124 West Carson Street, Torrance, CA 90509, USA
| | - J Li
- Department of Pathology, LABioMed at Harbor UCLA Medical Center, 1124 West Carson Street, Torrance, CA 90509, USA
| | - B Tillman
- Department of Pathology, LABioMed at Harbor UCLA Medical Center, 1124 West Carson Street, Torrance, CA 90509, USA
| | - B A French
- Department of Pathology, LABioMed at Harbor UCLA Medical Center, 1124 West Carson Street, Torrance, CA 90509, USA
| | - S W French
- Department of Pathology, LABioMed at Harbor UCLA Medical Center, 1124 West Carson Street, Torrance, CA 90509, USA.
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Okutsu M, Call JA, Lira VA, Zhang M, Donet JA, French BA, Martin KS, Peirce-Cottler SM, Rembold CM, Annex BH, Yan Z. Extracellular superoxide dismutase ameliorates skeletal muscle abnormalities, cachexia, and exercise intolerance in mice with congestive heart failure. Circ Heart Fail 2014; 7:519-30. [PMID: 24523418 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.113.000841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congestive heart failure (CHF) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality, and oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis of cachexia (muscle wasting) and the hallmark symptom, exercise intolerance. We have previously shown that a nitric oxide-dependent antioxidant defense renders oxidative skeletal muscle resistant to catabolic wasting. Here, we aimed to identify and determine the functional role of nitric oxide-inducible antioxidant enzyme(s) in protection against cardiac cachexia and exercise intolerance in CHF. METHODS AND RESULTS We demonstrated that systemic administration of endogenous nitric oxide donor S-nitrosoglutathione in mice blocked the reduction of extracellular superoxide dismutase (EcSOD) protein expression, as well as the induction of MAFbx/Atrogin-1 mRNA expression and muscle atrophy induced by glucocorticoid. We further showed that endogenous EcSOD, expressed primarily by type IId/x and IIa myofibers and enriched at endothelial cells, is induced by exercise training. Muscle-specific overexpression of EcSOD by somatic gene transfer or transgenesis (muscle creatine kinase [MCK]-EcSOD) in mice significantly attenuated muscle atrophy. Importantly, when crossbred into a mouse genetic model of CHF (α-myosin heavy chain-calsequestrin), MCK-EcSOD transgenic mice had significant attenuation of cachexia with preserved whole body muscle strength and endurance capacity in the absence of reduced HF. Enhanced EcSOD expression significantly ameliorated CHF-induced oxidative stress, MAFbx/Atrogin-1 mRNA expression, loss of mitochondria, and vascular rarefaction in skeletal muscle. CONCLUSIONS EcSOD plays an important antioxidant defense function in skeletal muscle against cardiac cachexia and exercise intolerance in CHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuharu Okutsu
- From the Departments of Medicine (M.O., J.A.C., V.A.L., M.Z., J.A.D., C.M.R., B.H.A., Z.Y.), Pharmacology (Z.Y.), and Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics (Z.Y.), Center for Skeletal Muscle Research (M.O., J.A.C., V.A.L., M.Z., J.A.D., Z.Y.), Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA; and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA (B.A.F., K.S.M., S.M.P.-C.)
| | - Jarrod A Call
- From the Departments of Medicine (M.O., J.A.C., V.A.L., M.Z., J.A.D., C.M.R., B.H.A., Z.Y.), Pharmacology (Z.Y.), and Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics (Z.Y.), Center for Skeletal Muscle Research (M.O., J.A.C., V.A.L., M.Z., J.A.D., Z.Y.), Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA; and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA (B.A.F., K.S.M., S.M.P.-C.)
| | - Vitor A Lira
- From the Departments of Medicine (M.O., J.A.C., V.A.L., M.Z., J.A.D., C.M.R., B.H.A., Z.Y.), Pharmacology (Z.Y.), and Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics (Z.Y.), Center for Skeletal Muscle Research (M.O., J.A.C., V.A.L., M.Z., J.A.D., Z.Y.), Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA; and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA (B.A.F., K.S.M., S.M.P.-C.)
| | - Mei Zhang
- From the Departments of Medicine (M.O., J.A.C., V.A.L., M.Z., J.A.D., C.M.R., B.H.A., Z.Y.), Pharmacology (Z.Y.), and Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics (Z.Y.), Center for Skeletal Muscle Research (M.O., J.A.C., V.A.L., M.Z., J.A.D., Z.Y.), Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA; and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA (B.A.F., K.S.M., S.M.P.-C.)
| | - Jean A Donet
- From the Departments of Medicine (M.O., J.A.C., V.A.L., M.Z., J.A.D., C.M.R., B.H.A., Z.Y.), Pharmacology (Z.Y.), and Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics (Z.Y.), Center for Skeletal Muscle Research (M.O., J.A.C., V.A.L., M.Z., J.A.D., Z.Y.), Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA; and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA (B.A.F., K.S.M., S.M.P.-C.)
| | - Brent A French
- From the Departments of Medicine (M.O., J.A.C., V.A.L., M.Z., J.A.D., C.M.R., B.H.A., Z.Y.), Pharmacology (Z.Y.), and Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics (Z.Y.), Center for Skeletal Muscle Research (M.O., J.A.C., V.A.L., M.Z., J.A.D., Z.Y.), Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA; and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA (B.A.F., K.S.M., S.M.P.-C.)
| | - Kyle S Martin
- From the Departments of Medicine (M.O., J.A.C., V.A.L., M.Z., J.A.D., C.M.R., B.H.A., Z.Y.), Pharmacology (Z.Y.), and Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics (Z.Y.), Center for Skeletal Muscle Research (M.O., J.A.C., V.A.L., M.Z., J.A.D., Z.Y.), Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA; and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA (B.A.F., K.S.M., S.M.P.-C.)
| | - Shayn M Peirce-Cottler
- From the Departments of Medicine (M.O., J.A.C., V.A.L., M.Z., J.A.D., C.M.R., B.H.A., Z.Y.), Pharmacology (Z.Y.), and Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics (Z.Y.), Center for Skeletal Muscle Research (M.O., J.A.C., V.A.L., M.Z., J.A.D., Z.Y.), Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA; and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA (B.A.F., K.S.M., S.M.P.-C.)
| | - Christopher M Rembold
- From the Departments of Medicine (M.O., J.A.C., V.A.L., M.Z., J.A.D., C.M.R., B.H.A., Z.Y.), Pharmacology (Z.Y.), and Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics (Z.Y.), Center for Skeletal Muscle Research (M.O., J.A.C., V.A.L., M.Z., J.A.D., Z.Y.), Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA; and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA (B.A.F., K.S.M., S.M.P.-C.)
| | - Brian H Annex
- From the Departments of Medicine (M.O., J.A.C., V.A.L., M.Z., J.A.D., C.M.R., B.H.A., Z.Y.), Pharmacology (Z.Y.), and Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics (Z.Y.), Center for Skeletal Muscle Research (M.O., J.A.C., V.A.L., M.Z., J.A.D., Z.Y.), Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA; and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA (B.A.F., K.S.M., S.M.P.-C.)
| | - Zhen Yan
- From the Departments of Medicine (M.O., J.A.C., V.A.L., M.Z., J.A.D., C.M.R., B.H.A., Z.Y.), Pharmacology (Z.Y.), and Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics (Z.Y.), Center for Skeletal Muscle Research (M.O., J.A.C., V.A.L., M.Z., J.A.D., Z.Y.), Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA; and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA (B.A.F., K.S.M., S.M.P.-C.).
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Piras BA, O’Connor DM, French BA. Systemic delivery of shRNA by AAV9 provides highly efficient knockdown of ubiquitously expressed GFP in mouse heart, but not liver. PLoS One 2013; 8:e75894. [PMID: 24086659 PMCID: PMC3782464 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 08/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
AAV9 is a powerful gene delivery vehicle capable of providing long-term gene expression in a variety of cell types, particularly cardiomyocytes. The use of AAV-delivery for RNA interference is an intense area of research, but a comprehensive analysis of knockdown in cardiac and liver tissues after systemic delivery of AAV9 has yet to be reported. We sought to address this question by using AAV9 to deliver a short-hairpin RNA targeting the enhanced green fluorescent protein (GFP) in transgenic mice that constitutively overexpress GFP in all tissues. The expression cassette was initially tested in vitro and we demonstrated a 61% reduction in mRNA and a 90% reduction in GFP protein in dual-transfected 293 cells. Next, the expression cassette was packaged as single-stranded genomes in AAV9 capsids to test cardiac GFP knockdown with several doses ranging from 1.8×10(10) to 1.8×10(11) viral genomes per mouse and a dose-dependent response was obtained. We then analyzed GFP expression in both heart and liver after delivery of 4.4×10(11) viral genomes per mouse. We found that while cardiac knockdown was highly efficient, with a 77% reduction in GFP mRNA and a 71% reduction in protein versus control-treated mice, there was no change in liver expression. This was despite a 4.5-fold greater number of viral genomes in the liver than in the heart. This study demonstrates that single-stranded AAV9 vectors expressing shRNA can be used to achieve highly efficient cardiac-selective knockdown of GFP expression that is sustained for at least 7 weeks after the systemic injection of 8 day old mice, with no change in liver expression and no evidence of liver damage despite high viral genome presence in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan A. Piras
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Daniel M. O’Connor
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Brent A. French
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
- Department of Radiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
- Department of Medicine/Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
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French SW, Vitocruz E, French BA. Balloon liver cells forming Mallory-Denk-bodies are progenitor cells. Exp Mol Pathol 2013; 95:117-20. [PMID: 23773849 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2013.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies on both human and mice livers showed MDB formation in both drug hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Using the drug hepatitis mouse model of MDB formation, numerous markers for progenitor cells were found in the cells forming MDBs. In current study, using the drug hepatitis mouse model, we found that the MDB forming cells expressed two additional progenitor cell markers. These markers were CD49f and TLR4.
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Affiliation(s)
- S W French
- Department of Pathology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90509, USA.
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Konkalmatt PR, Deng D, Thomas S, Wu MT, Logsdon CD, French BA, Kelly KA. Plectin-1 Targeted AAV Vector for the Molecular Imaging of Pancreatic Cancer. Front Oncol 2013; 3:84. [PMID: 23616947 PMCID: PMC3629297 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2013.00084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2012] [Accepted: 03/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is highly malignant disease that is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death in the US. Gene therapy using AAV vectors to selectively deliver genes to PDAC cells is an attractive treatment option for pancreatic cancer. However, most AAV serotypes display a broad spectrum of tissue tropism and none of the existing serotypes specifically target PDAC cells. This study tests the hypothesis that AAV2 can be genetically re-engineered to specifically target PDAC cells by modifying the capsid surface to display a peptide that has previously been shown to bind plectin-1. Toward this end, a Plectin-1 Targeting Peptide (PTP) was inserted into the loop IV region of the AAV2 capsid, and the resulting capsid (AAV-PTP) was used in a series of in vitro and in vivo experiments. In vitro, AAV-PTP was found to target all five human PDAC cell lines tested (PANC-1, MIA PaCa-2, HPAC, MPanc-96, and BxPC-3) preferentially over two non-neoplastic human pancreatic cell lines (human pancreatic ductal epithelial and human pancreatic stellate cells). In vivo, mice bearing subcutaneous tumor xenografts were generated using the PANC-1 cell line. Once tumors reached a size of ∼1-2 mm in diameter, the mice were injected intravenously with luciferase reporter vectors packaged in the either AAV-PTP or wild type AAV2 capsids. Luciferase expression was then monitored by bioluminescence imaging on days 3, 7, and 14 after vector injection. The results indicate that the AAV-PTP capsid displays a 37-fold preference for PANC-1 tumor xenographs over liver and other tissues; whereas the wild type AAV2 capsid displays a complementary preference for liver over tumors and other tissues. Together, these results establish proof-of-principle for the ability of PTP-modified AAV capsids to selectively target gene delivery to PDAC cells in vivo, which opens promising new avenues for the early detection, diagnosis, and treatment of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasad R Konkalmatt
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia Charlottesville, VA, USA
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Katwal AB, Konkalmatt PR, Piras BA, Hazarika S, Li SS, John Lye R, Sanders JM, Ferrante EA, Yan Z, Annex BH, French BA. Adeno-associated virus serotype 9 efficiently targets ischemic skeletal muscle following systemic delivery. Gene Ther 2013; 20:930-8. [PMID: 23535898 PMCID: PMC3758463 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2013.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2012] [Revised: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Targeting therapeutic gene expression to the skeletal muscle following intravenous (IV) administration is an attractive strategy for treating peripheral arterial disease (PAD), except that vector access to the ischemic limb could be a limiting factor. As adeno-associated virus serotype 9 (AAV-9) transduces skeletal muscle at high efficiency following systemic delivery, we employed AAV-9 vectors bearing luciferase or enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) reporter genes to test the hypothesis that increased desialylation of cell-surface glycans secondary to hindlimb ischemia (HLI) might help offset the reduction in tissue perfusion that occurs in mouse models of PAD. The utility of the creatine kinase-based (CK6) promoter for restricting gene expression to the skeletal muscle was also examined by comparing it with the cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter after systemic administration following surgically induced HLI. Despite reduced blood flow to the ischemic limbs, CK6 promoter-driven luciferase activities in the ischemic gastrocnemius (GA) muscles were ∼34-, ∼28- and ∼150-fold higher than in the fully perfused contralateral GA, heart and liver, respectively, 10 days after IV administration. Furthermore, luciferase activity from the CK6 promoter in the ischemic GA muscles was ∼twofold higher than with CMV, while in the liver CK6-driven activity was ∼42-fold lower than with CMV, demonstrating that the specificity of ischemic skeletal muscle transduction can be further improved with the muscle-specific promoters. Studies with Evans blue dye and fluorescently labeled lectins revealed that vascular permeability and desialylation of the cell-surface glycans were increased in the ischemic hindlimbs. Furthermore, AAV9/CK6/Luc vector genome copy numbers were ∼sixfold higher in the ischemic muscle compared with the non-ischemic muscle in the HLI model, whereas this trend was reversed when the same genome was packaged in the AAV-1 capsid (which binds sialylated, as opposed to desialylated glycans), further underscoring the importance of desialylation in the ischemic enhancement of transduction displayed by AAV-9. Taken together, these findings suggest two complementary mechanisms contributing to the preferential transduction of ischemic muscle by AAV-9: increased vascular permeability and desialylation. In conclusion, ischemic muscle is preferentially targeted following systemic administration of AAV-9 in a mouse model of HLI. Unmasking of the primary AAV-9 receptor as a result of ischemia may contribute importantly to this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- A B Katwal
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
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Konkalmatt PR, Beyers RJ, O'Connor DM, Xu Y, Seaman ME, French BA. Cardiac-selective expression of extracellular superoxide dismutase after systemic injection of adeno-associated virus 9 protects the heart against post-myocardial infarction left ventricular remodeling. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2013; 6:478-86. [PMID: 23536266 DOI: 10.1161/circimaging.112.000320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging has not been used previously to document the attenuation of left ventricular (LV) remodeling after systemic gene delivery. We hypothesized that targeted expression of extracellular superoxide dismutase (EcSOD) via the cardiac troponin-T promoter would protect the mouse heart against both myocardial infarction (MI) and subsequent LV remodeling. METHODS AND RESULTS Using reporter genes, we first compared the specificity, time course, magnitude, and distribution of gene expression from adeno-associated virus (AAV) 1, 2, 6, 8, and 9 after intravenous injection. The troponin-T promoter restricted gene expression largely to the heart for all AAV serotypes tested. AAV1, 6, 8, and 9 provided early-onset gene expression that approached steady-state levels within 2 weeks. Gene expression was highest with AAV9, which required only 3.15×10(11) viral genomes per mouse to achieve an 84% transduction rate. AAV9-mediated, cardiac-selective gene expression elevated EcSOD enzyme activity in heart by 5.6-fold (P=0.015), which helped protect the heart against both acute MI and subsequent LV remodeling. In acute MI, infarct size in EcSOD-treated mice was reduced by 40% compared with controls (P=0.035). In addition, we found that cardiac-selective expression of EcSOD increased myocardial capillary fractional area and decreased neutrophil infiltration after MI. In a separate study of LV remodeling, after a 60-minute coronary occlusion, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging revealed that LV volumes at days 7 and 28 post-MI were significantly lower in the EcSOD group compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS Cardiac-selective expression of EcSOD from the cardiac troponin-T promoter after systemic administration of AAV9 provides significant protection against both acute MI and LV remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasad R Konkalmatt
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
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Naresh NK, Chen X, Antkowiak P, Xu Y, French BA, Epstein FH. Accelerated dual-contrast quantitative first-pass perfusion MRI of the mouse heart with compressed sensing. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2013. [PMCID: PMC3560024 DOI: 10.1186/1532-429x-15-s1-w17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Antkowiak P, Kramer CM, Meyer CH, French BA, Epstein FH. Quantitative first-pass MRI measures increased myocardial perfusion after vasodilation in mice. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2012. [PMCID: PMC3305755 DOI: 10.1186/1532-429x-14-s1-p55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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French SW, French BA, Oliva J, Li J, Bardag-Gorce F, Tillman B, Canaan A. FAT10 knock out mice livers fail to develop Mallory-Denk bodies in the DDC mouse model. Exp Mol Pathol 2012; 93:309-14. [PMID: 22981937 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2012.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2012] [Accepted: 09/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Mallory-Denk bodies (MDBs) are aggresomes composed of undigested ubiqutinated short lived proteins which have accumulated because of a decrease in the rate of their degradation by the 26s proteasome. The decrease in the activity of the proteasome is due to a shift in the activity of the 26s proteasome to the immunoproteasome triggered by an increase in expression of the catalytic subunits of the immunoproteasome which replaces the catalytic subunits of the 26s proteasome. This switch in the type of proteasome in liver cells is triggered by the binding of IFNγ to the IFNγ sequence response element (ISRE) located on the FAT10 promoter. To determine if either FAT10 or IFNγ are essential for the formation of MDBs we fed both IFNγ and FAT10 knock out (KO) mice DDC added to the control diet for 10weeks in order to induce MDBs. Mice fed the control diet and Wild type mice fed the DDC or control diet were compared. MDBs were located by immunofluorescent double stains using antibodies to ubiquitin to stain MDBs and FAT10 to localize the increased expression of FAT10 in MDB forming hepatocytes. We found that MDB formation occurred in the IFNγ KO mice but not in the FAT10 KO mice. Western blots showed an increase in the ubiquitin smears and decreases β 5 (chymotrypsin-like 26S proteasome subunit) in the Wild type mice fed DDC but not in the FAT10 KO mice fed DDC. To conclude, we have demonstrated that FAT10 is essential to the induction of MDB formation in the DDC fed mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- S W French
- Department of Pathology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90509, USA.
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Konkalmatt PR, Wang F, Piras BA, Xu Y, O’Connor DM, Beyers RJ, Epstein FH, Annex BH, Hossack JA, French BA. Adeno-associated virus serotype 9 administered systemically after reperfusion preferentially targets cardiomyocytes in the infarct border zone with pharmacodynamics suitable for the attenuation of left ventricular remodeling. J Gene Med 2012; 14:609-20. [PMID: 23065925 PMCID: PMC3729029 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.2673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adeno-associated virus serotype 9 (AAV9) vectors provide efficient and uniform gene expression to normal myocardium following systemic administration, with kinetics that approach steady-state within 2-3 weeks. However, as a result of the delayed onset of gene expression, AAV vectors have not previously been administered intravenously after reperfusion for post-infarct gene therapy applications. The present study evaluated the therapeutic potential of post-myocardial infarction gene delivery using intravenous AAV9. METHODS AAV9 vectors expressing firefly luciferase, enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) or extracellular superoxide dismutase genes from the cardiac troponin-T (cTnT) promoter (AcTnTLuc, AcTnTeGFP, AcTnTEcSOD) were employed. AcTnTLuc was administered intravenously at 10 min and at 1, 2 and 3 days post-ischemia/reperfusion (IR), and the kinetics of luciferase expression were assessed with bioluminescence imaging. AcTnTeGFP was used to evaluate the distribution of eGFP expression. High-resolution echocardiography was used to evaluate the effects of AcTnTEcSOD on left ventricular (LV) remodeling when injected 10 min post-IR. RESULTS Compared to sham animals, luciferase expression at 2 days after vector administration was elevated by four-, 24-, 210- and 213-fold in groups injected at 10 min, 1 day, 2 days and 3 days post-IR, respectively. The expression of cTnT-driven eGFP was strongest in cardiomyocytes bordering the infarct zone. In the efficacy study of EcSOD, post-infarct LV end-systolic and end-diastolic volumes at days 14 and 28 were significantly smaller in the EcSOD group compared to the control. CONCLUSIONS Systemic administration of AAV9 vectors after IR both elevates and accelerates gene expression that preferentially targets cardiomyocytes in the border zone with pharmacodynamics suitable for the attenuation of LV remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasad R. Konkalmatt
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Feng Wang
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Bryan A. Piras
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Yaqin Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | | | - Ronald J. Beyers
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Frederick H. Epstein
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Brian H. Annex
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - John A. Hossack
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Brent A. French
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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Naresh NK, Xu Y, Klibanov AL, Vandsburger MH, Meyer CH, Leor J, Kramer CM, French BA, Epstein FH. Monocyte and/or macrophage infiltration of heart after myocardial infarction: MR imaging by using T1-shortening liposomes. Radiology 2012; 264:428-35. [PMID: 22723500 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.12111863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To test the hypothesis that magnetic resonance (MR) imaging R1 (R1 = 1/T1) mapping after selectively labeling monocytes with a T1-shortening contrast agent in vivo would enable the quantitative measurement of their spatiotemporal kinetics in the setting of infarct healing. MATERIALS AND METHODS All procedures were performed in mice and were approved by the institutional committee on animal research. One hundred microliters of dual-labeled liposomes (DLLs) containing gadolinium (Gd)-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA)-bis(stearylamide) and DiI dye were used to label monocytes 2 days before myocardial infarction (MI). MI was induced by occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery for 1 hour, followed by reperfusion. MR imaging R1 mapping of mouse hearts was performed at baseline on day -3, on day 0 before MI, and on days 1, 4, and 7 after MI. Mice without labeling were used as controls. ΔR1 was calculated as the difference in R1 between mice with labeling and those without labeling. CD68 immunohistochemistry and DiI fluorescence microscopy were used to confirm that labeled monocytes and/or macrophages infiltrated the postinfarct myocardium. Statistical analysis was performed by using two-way analysis of variance and the unpaired two-sample t test. RESULTS Infarct zone ΔR1 was slightly but nonsignificantly increased on day 1, maximum on day 4 (P < .05 vs all other days), and started to decrease by day 7 (P < .05 vs days -3, 0, and 1) after MI, closely reflecting the time course of monocyte and/or macrophage infiltration of the infarcted myocardium shown by prior histologic studies. Histologic results confirmed the presence and location of DLL-labeled monocytes and/or macrophages in the infarct zone on day 4 after MI. CONCLUSION R1 mapping after labeling monocytes with T1-shortening DLLs enables the measurement of post-MI monocyte and/or macrophage spatiotemporal kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nivedita K Naresh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
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French BA, Oliva J, Bardag-Gorce F, Li J, Zhong J, Buslon V, French SW. Mallory-Denk bodies form when EZH2/H3K27me3 fails to methylate DNA in the nuclei of human and mice liver cells. Exp Mol Pathol 2012; 92:318-26. [PMID: 22465358 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2012.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2012] [Accepted: 02/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
EZH2/H3K27me3 and polycomb group complex (PcG) play a major role in regulating global gene expression including tumor suppressor genes. EZH2 is linked to cell cycle regulated EZH2 phosphorylation by CDK1, a mitotic kinase which increases in arrested mitosis compared to S phase. CDK1 phosphorylation of EZH2 accelerates the degradation of pEZH2. Phospho-EZH2 is subjected to ubiquitination. The half-like of pEZH2 is shorter when compared to total EZH2. In the present study, pEZH2 was found concentrated together with ubiquitin in the Mallory-Denk bodies (MDB) that were formed in hepatocytes in the livers of drug primed mice refed DDC and humans with alcoholic hepatitis or hepatocellular carcinoma. The cells that formed MDBs in the mice livers studied were associated with a growth advantage and a high proliferative index. However, the livers from patients with alcoholic hepatitis showed evidence of cell cycle arrest where PCNA, cyclin D1 and p27 positive nuclei were numerous but Ki-67 positive nuclei were scarce. It is concluded that MDB formation is linked to the cell cycle and global gene expression (i.e. loss of gene silencing) through its association with the regulation of the polycomb group PRC2/EZH2/H3K27me3 complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- B A French
- Department of Pathology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90509, USA.
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Zhong X, Gibberman LB, Spottiswoode BS, Gilliam AD, Meyer CH, French BA, Epstein FH. Comprehensive cardiovascular magnetic resonance of myocardial mechanics in mice using three-dimensional cine DENSE. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2011; 13:83. [PMID: 22208954 PMCID: PMC3278394 DOI: 10.1186/1532-429x-13-83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2011] [Accepted: 12/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quantitative noninvasive imaging of myocardial mechanics in mice enables studies of the roles of individual genes in cardiac function. We sought to develop comprehensive three-dimensional methods for imaging myocardial mechanics in mice. METHODS A 3D cine DENSE pulse sequence was implemented on a 7T small-bore scanner. The sequence used three-point phase cycling for artifact suppression and a stack-of-spirals k-space trajectory for efficient data acquisition. A semi-automatic 2D method was adapted for 3D image segmentation, and automated 3D methods to calculate strain, twist, and torsion were employed. A scan protocol that covered the majority of the left ventricle in a scan time of less than 25 minutes was developed, and seven healthy C57Bl/6 mice were studied. RESULTS Using these methods, multiphase normal and shear strains were measured, as were myocardial twist and torsion. Peak end-systolic values for the normal strains at the mid-ventricular level were 0.29 ± 0.17, -0.13 ± 0.03, and -0.18 ± 0.14 for E(rr), E(cc), and E(ll), respectively. Peak end-systolic values for the shear strains were 0.00 ± 0.08, 0.04 ± 0.12, and 0.03 ± 0.07 for E(rc), E(rl), and E(cl), respectively. The peak end-systolic normalized torsion was 5.6 ± 0.9°. CONCLUSIONS Using a 3D cine DENSE sequence tailored for cardiac imaging in mice at 7 T, a comprehensive assessment of 3D myocardial mechanics can be achieved with a scan time of less than 25 minutes and an image analysis time of approximately 1 hour.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bruce S Spottiswoode
- MRC/UCT Medical Imaging Research Unit, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - Craig H Meyer
- Radiology Department, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
- Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
| | - Brent A French
- Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
| | - Frederick H Epstein
- Radiology Department, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
- Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
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Beyers RJ, Smith RS, Xu Y, Piras BA, Salerno M, Berr SS, Meyer CH, Kramer CM, French BA, Epstein FH. T2-weighted MRI of post-infarct myocardial edema in mice. Magn Reson Med 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/mrm.24160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Gibberman LB, Zhong X, Gilliam AD, Meyer CH, French BA, Epstein FH. Comprehensive assessment of myocardial mechanics in mice using 3D cine DENSE. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2011. [PMCID: PMC3106851 DOI: 10.1186/1532-429x-13-s1-p30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Vandsburger MH, French BA, Kramer CM, Zhong X, Epstein FH. Displacement-encoded and manganese-enhanced cardiac MRI reveal that nNOS, not eNOS, plays a dominant role in modulating contraction and calcium influx in the mammalian heart. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2011; 302:H412-9. [PMID: 22058155 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00705.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Within cardiomyocytes, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) are thought to modulate L-type calcium channel (LTCC) function and sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium cycling, respectively. However, divergent results from mostly invasive prior studies suggest more complex roles. To elucidate the roles of nNOS and eNOS in vivo, we applied noninvasive cardiac MRI to study wild-type (WT), eNOS(-/-), and nNOS(-/-) mice. An in vivo index of LTCC flux (LTCCI) was measured at baseline (Bsl), dobutamine (Dob), and dobutamine + carbacholamine (Dob + CCh) using manganese-enhanced MRI. Displacement-encoded MRI assessed contractile function by measuring circumferential strain (E(cc)) and systolic (dE(cc)/dt) and diastolic (dE(cc)/dt(diastolic)) strain rates at Bsl, Dob, and Dob + CCh. Bsl LTCCI was highest in nNOS(-/-) mice (P < 0.05 vs. WT and eNOS(-/-)) and increased only in WT and eNOS(-/-) mice with Dob (P < 0.05 vs. Bsl). LTCCI decreased significantly from Dob levels with Dob + CCh in all mice. Contractile function, as assessed by E(cc), was similar in all mice at Bsl. With Dob, E(cc) increased significantly in WT and eNOS(-/-) but not nNOS(-/-) mice (P < 0.05 vs. WT and eNOS(-/-)). With Dob + CCh, E(cc) returned to baseline levels in all mice. Systolic blood pressure, measured via tail plethysmography, was highest in eNOS(-/-) mice (P < 0.05 vs. WT and nNOS(-/-)). Mice deficient in nNOS demonstrate increased Bsl LTCC function and an attenuated contractile reserve to Dob, whereas eNOS(-/-) mice demonstrate normal LTCC and contractile function under all conditions. These results suggest that nNOS, not eNOS, plays the dominant role in modulating Ca(2+) cycling in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moriel H Vandsburger
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
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Lapar DJ, Hajzus VA, Zhao Y, Lau CL, French BA, Kron IL, Sharma AK, Laubach VE. Acute hyperglycemic exacerbation of lung ischemia-reperfusion injury is mediated by receptor for advanced glycation end-products signaling. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2011; 46:299-305. [PMID: 21980055 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2011-0247oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of acute hyperglycemia on lung ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury and the role of receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) signaling in this process are unknown. The objective of this study was twofold: (1) evaluate the impact of acute hyperglycemia on lung IR injury; and (2) determine if RAGE signaling is a mechanism of hyperglycemia-enhanced IR injury. We hypothesized that acute hyperglycemia worsens lung IR injury through a RAGE signaling mechanism. C57BL/6 wild-type (WT) and RAGE knockout (RAGE (-/-)) mice underwent sham thoracotomy or lung IR (1-h left hilar occlusion and 2-h reperfusion). Acute hyperglycemia was established by dextrose injection 30 minutes before ischemia. Lung injury was assessed by measuring lung function, cytokine expression in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, leukocyte infiltration, and microvascular permeability via Evans blue dye. Mean blood glucose levels doubled in hyperglycemic mice 30 minutes after dextrose injection. Compared with IR in normoglycemic mice, IR in hyperglycemic mice significantly enhanced lung dysfunction, cytokine expression (TNF-α, keratinocyte chemoattractant, IL-6, monocyte chemotactic protein-1, regulated upon activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted), leukocyte infiltration, and microvascular permeability. Lung injury and dysfunction after IR were attenuated in normoglycemic RAGE (-/-) mice, and hyperglycemia failed to exacerbate IR injury in RAGE (-/-) mice. Thus, this study demonstrates that acute hyperglycemia exacerbates lung IR injury, whereas RAGE deficiency attenuates IR injury and also prevents exacerbation of IR injury in an acute hyperglycemic setting. These results suggest that hyperglycemia-enhanced lung IR injury is mediated, at least in part, by RAGE signaling, and identifies RAGE as a potential, novel therapeutic target to prevent post-transplant lung IR injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien J Lapar
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, P.O. Box 801359, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
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Saqib A, Prasad KMR, Katwal AB, Sanders JM, Lye RJ, French BA, Annex BH. Adeno-associated virus serotype 9-mediated overexpression of extracellular superoxide dismutase improves recovery from surgical hind-limb ischemia in BALB/c mice. J Vasc Surg 2011; 54:810-8. [PMID: 21723687 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2011.03.278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2011] [Revised: 03/22/2011] [Accepted: 03/25/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Neovascularization is a physiologic repair process that partly depends on nitric oxide. Extracellular superoxide dismutase (EcSOD) is the major scavenger of superoxide. It is an important regulator of nitric oxide bioavailability and thus protects against vascular dysfunction. We hypothesized that overexpression of EcSOD in skeletal muscle would improve recovery from hind-limb ischemia. METHODS Adeno-associated virus serotype 9 (AAV9) vectors expressing EcSOD or luciferase (control) from the cytomegalovirus promoter were cross-packaged into AAV9 capsids and injected intramuscularly into the hind-limb muscles (1 × 10(11) viral genomes/limb) of 12-week-old mice. Ischemia was induced after intramuscular injections. Laser Doppler was used to measure limb perfusion on days 0, 7, and 14 after injection. Values were expressed as a ratio relative to the nonischemic limb. EcSOD expression was measured by Western blotting. Capillary density was documented by immunohistochemical staining for platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule. Apoptosis was assessed by terminal deoxynucleotide transferase-mediated biotin-deoxy uridine triphosphate nick-end labeling and necrosis was visually evaluated daily. RESULTS EcSOD expression was twofold upregulated in EcSOD treated vs control ischemic muscles at day 14. Capillary density (capillaries/fiber) was 1.9-fold higher in treated (1.65 ± 0.02) vs control muscle (0.78 ± 0.17, P < .05). Recovery of perfusion ratio at day 14 after ischemia was 1.5-fold greater in EcSOD vs control mice (P < .05). The percentage of apoptotic nuclei was 1.3% ± 0.4% in EcSOD-treated mice compared with 4.2% ± 0.2% in controls (P < .001). Limb necrosis was also significantly lower in EcSOD vs control mice. CONCLUSION AAV9-mediated overexpression of EcSOD in skeletal muscle significantly improves recovery from hind-limb ischemia in mice, consistent with improved capillary density and perfusion ratios in treated mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina Saqib
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine/Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
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