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Chaudhari AJ, Lim Y, Cui SX, Bayne CO, Szabo RM, Boutin RD, Nayak KS. Real-time MRI of the moving wrist at 0.55 tesla. Br J Radiol 2023; 96:20230298. [PMID: 37750944 PMCID: PMC10607422 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20230298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using 1.5T or 3.0T systems is routinely employed for assessing wrist pathology; however, due to off-resonance artifacts and high power deposition, these high-field systems have drawbacks for real-time (RT) imaging of the moving wrist. Recently, high-performance 0.55T MRI systems have become available. In this proof-of-concept study, we tested the hypothesis that RT-MRI during continuous, active, and uninterrupted wrist motion is feasible with a high-performance 0.55T system at temporal resolutions below 100 ms and that the resulting images provide visualization of tissues commonly interrogated for assessing dynamic wrist instability. METHODS Participants were scanned during uninterrupted wrist radial-ulnar deviation and clenched fist maneuvers. Resulting images (nominal temporal resolution of 12.7-164.6 ms per image) were assessed for image quality. Feasibility of static MRI to supplement RT-MRI acquisition was also tested. RESULTS The RT images with temporal resolutions < 100 ms demonstrated low distortion and image artifacts, and higher reader assessment scores. Static MRI scans showed the ability to assess anatomical structures of interest in the wrist. CONCLUSION RT-MRI of the wrist at a high temporal resolution, coupled with static MRI, is feasible with a high-performance 0.55T system, and may enable improved assessment of wrist dynamic dysfunction and instability. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE Real-time MRI of the moving wrist is feasible with high-performance 0.55T and may improve the evaluation of dynamic dysfunction of the wrist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit J Chaudhari
- Department of Radiology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Yongwan Lim
- Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sophia X. Cui
- Siemens Medical Solutions USA Inc., Malvern, PA, USA
| | - Christopher O. Bayne
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Robert M. Szabo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Robert D. Boutin
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Krishna S Nayak
- Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Ponrartana S, Nguyen HN, Cui SX, Tian Y, Kumar P, Wood JC, Nayak KS. Low-field 0.55 T MRI evaluation of the fetus. Pediatr Radiol 2023; 53:1469-1475. [PMID: 36882594 PMCID: PMC10276075 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-023-05604-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an important adjunct modality for the evaluation of fetal abnormalities. Recently, low-field MRI systems at 0.55 Tesla have become available which can produce images on par with 1.5 Tesla systems but with lower power deposition, acoustic noise, and artifact. In this article, we describe a technical innovation using low-field MRI to perform diagnostic quality fetal MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Skorn Ponrartana
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - HaiThuy N Nguyen
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sophia X Cui
- Siemens Medical Solutions, USA, Inc, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ye Tian
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Prakash Kumar
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - John C Wood
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Krishna S Nayak
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Nayak KS, Cui SX, Tasdelen B, Yagiz E, Weston S, Zhong X, Ahlgren A. Body composition profiling at 0.55T: Feasibility and precision. Magn Reson Med 2023. [PMID: 37125645 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Body composition MRI captures the distribution of fat and lean tissues throughout the body, and provides valuable biomarkers of obesity, metabolic disease, and muscle disorders, as well as risk assessment. Highly reproducible protocols have been developed for 1.5T and 3T MRI. The purpose of this work was to demonstrate the feasibility and test-retest repeatability of MRI body composition profiling on a 0.55T whole-body system. METHODS Healthy adult volunteers were scanned on a whole-body 0.55T MRI system using the integrated body RF coil. Experiments were performed to refine parameter settings such as TEs, resolution, flip angle, bandwidth, acceleration, and oversampling factors. The final protocol was evaluated using a test-retest study with subject removal and replacement in 10 adult volunteers (5 M/5F, age 25-60, body mass index 20-30). RESULTS Compared to 1.5T and 3T, the optimal flip angle at 0.55T was higher (15°), due to the shorter T1 times, and the optimal echo spacing was larger, due to smaller chemical shift between water and fat. Overall image quality was comparable to conventional field strengths, with no significant issues with fat/water swapping or inadequate SNR. Repeatability coefficient of visceral fat, subcutaneous fat, total thigh muscle volume, muscle fat infiltration, and liver fat were 11.8 cL (2.2%), 46.9 cL (1.9%), 14.6 cL (0.5%), 0.1 pp (2%), and 0.2 pp (5%), respectively (coefficient of variation in parenthesis). CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate that 0.55T body composition MRI is feasible and present optimized scan parameters. The resulting images provide satisfactory quality for automated post-processing and produce repeatable results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna S Nayak
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Sophia X Cui
- Siemens Medical Solutions USA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Bilal Tasdelen
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ecrin Yagiz
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Xiaodong Zhong
- Siemens Medical Solutions USA, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Li B, Lee NG, Cui SX, Nayak KS. Lung parenchyma transverse relaxation rates at 0.55 T. Magn Reson Med 2023; 89:1522-1530. [PMID: 36404674 PMCID: PMC10100111 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine R2 and R 2 ' $$ {R}_2^{\prime } $$ transverse relaxation rates in healthy lung parenchyma at 0.55 T. This is important in that it informs the design and optimization of new imaging methods for 0.55T lung MRI. METHODS Experiments were performed in 3 healthy adult volunteers on a prototype whole-body 0.55T MRI, using a custom free-breathing electrocardiogram-triggered, single-slice echo-shifted multi-echo spin echo (ES-MCSE) pulse sequence with respiratory navigation. Transverse relaxation rates R2 and R 2 ' $$ {R}_2^{\prime } $$ and off-resonance ∆f were jointly estimated using nonlinear least-squares estimation. These measurements were compared against R2 estimates from T2 -prepared balanced SSFP (T2 -Prep bSSFP) and R 2 * $$ {R}_2^{\ast } $$ estimates from multi-echo gradient echo, which are used widely but prone to error due to different subvoxel weighting. RESULTS The mean R2 and R 2 ' $$ {R}_2^{\prime } $$ values of lung parenchyma obtained from ES-MCSE were 17.3 ± 0.7 Hz and 127.5 ± 16.4 Hz (T2 = 61.6 ± 1.7 ms; T 2 ' $$ {\mathrm{T}}_2^{\prime } $$ = 9.5 ms ± 1.6 ms), respectively. The off-resonance estimates ranged from -60 to 30 Hz. The R2 from T2 -Prep bSSFP was 15.7 ± 1.7 Hz (T2 = 68.6 ± 8.6 ms) and R 2 * $$ {R}_2^{\ast } $$ from multi-echo gradient echo was 131.2 ± 30.4 Hz ( T 2 * $$ {\mathrm{T}}_2^{\ast } $$ = 8.0 ± 2.5 ms). Paired t-test indicated that there is a significant difference between the proposed and reference methods (p < 0.05). The mean R2 estimate from T2 -Prep bSSFP was slightly smaller than that from ES-MCSE, whereas the mean R 2 ' $$ {R}_2^{\prime } $$ and R 2 * $$ {R}_2^{\ast } $$ estimates from ES-MCSE and multi-echo gradient echo were similar to each other across all subjects. CONCLUSIONS Joint estimation of transverse relaxation rates and off-resonance is feasible at 0.55 T with a free-breathing electrocardiogram-gated and navigator-gated ES-MCSE sequence. At 0.55 T, the mean R2 of 17.3 Hz is similar to the reported mean R2 of 16.7 Hz at 1.5 T, but the mean R 2 ' $$ {R}_2^{\prime } $$ of 127.5 Hz is about 5-10 times smaller than that reported at 1.5 T.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bochao Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Nam G Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Sophia X Cui
- Siemens Medical Solutions USA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Krishna S Nayak
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, California, Los Angeles, USA.,Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, California, Los Angeles, USA
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Tian Y, Cui SX, Lim Y, Lee NG, Zhao Z, Nayak KS. Contrast-optimal simultaneous multi-slice bSSFP cine cardiac imaging at 0.55 T. Magn Reson Med 2023; 89:746-755. [PMID: 36198043 PMCID: PMC9712243 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine if contemporary 0.55 T MRI supports the use of contrast-optimal flip angles (FA) for simultaneous multi-slice (SMS) balanced SSFP (bSSFP) cardiac function assessment, which is impractical at conventional field strengths because of excessive SAR and/or banding artifacts. METHODS Blipped-CAIPI bSSFP was combined with spiral sampling for ventricular function assessment at 0.55 T. Cine movies with single band and SMS factors of 2 and 3 (SMS 2 and 3), and FA ranging from 60° to 160°, were acquired in seven healthy volunteers. Left ventricular blood and myocardial signal intensity (SI) normalized by background noise and blood-myocardium contrast were measured and compared across acquisition settings. RESULTS Myocardial SI was slightly higher in single band than in SMS and decreased with an increasing FA. Blood SI increased as the FA increased for single band, and increment was small for FA ≥120°. Blood SI for SMS 2 and 3 increased with an increasing FA up to ∼100°. Blood-myocardium contrast increased with an increasing FA for single band, peaked at FA = 160° (systole: 28.43, diastole: 29.15), attributed mainly to reduced myocardial SI when FA ≥120°. For SMS 2, contrast peaked at 120° (systole: 21.43, diastole: 19.85). For SMS 3, contrast peaked at 120° in systole (16.62) and 100° in diastole (19.04). CONCLUSIONS Contemporary 0.55 T MR scanners equipped with high-performance gradient systems allow the use of contrast-optimal FA for SMS accelerated bSSFP cine examinations without compromising image quality. The contrast-optimal FA was found to be 140° to 160° for single band and 100° to 120° for SMS 2 and 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Tian
- Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sophia X. Cui
- Siemens Medical Solutions USA Inc., Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yongwan Lim
- Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nam G. Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ziwei Zhao
- Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Krishna S. Nayak
- Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Muñoz F, Lim Y, Cui SX, Stark H, Nayak KS. Evaluation of a novel 8-channel RX coil for speech production MRI at 0.55 T. MAGMA 2022:10.1007/s10334-022-01036-0. [PMID: 35986790 DOI: 10.1007/s10334-022-01036-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Speech production MRI benefits from lower magnetic fields due to reduced off-resonance effects at air-tissue interfaces and from the use of dedicated receiver coils due to higher SNR and parallel imaging capability. Here we present a custom designed upper airway coil for 1H imaging at 0.55 Tesla and evaluate its performance in comparison with a vendor-provided prototype 16-channel head/neck coil. MATERIALS AND METHODS Four adult volunteers were scanned with both custom speech and prototype head-neck coils. We evaluated SNR gains of each of the coils over eleven upper airway volumes-of-interest measured relative to the integrated body coil. We evaluated parallel imaging performance of both coils by computing g-factors for SENSE reconstruction of uniform and variable density Cartesian sampling schemes with R = 2, 3, and 4. RESULTS The dedicated coil shows approximately 3.5-fold SNR efficiency compared to the head-neck coil. For R = 2 and 3, both uniform and variable density samplings have g-factor values below 1.1 in the upper airway region. For R = 4, g-factor values are higher for both trajectories. DISCUSSION The dedicated coil configuration allows for a significant SNR gain over the head-neck coil in the articulators. This, along with favorable g values, makes the coil useful in speech production MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Muñoz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Yongwan Lim
- Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sophia X Cui
- Siemens Medical Solutions USA, Inc., Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Krishna S Nayak
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Shah SA, Cui SX, Waters CD, Sano S, Wang Y, Doviak H, Leor J, Walsh K, French BA, Epstein FH. Nitroxide-enhanced MRI of cardiovascular oxidative stress. NMR Biomed 2020; 33:e4359. [PMID: 32648316 PMCID: PMC7904044 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In vivo imaging of oxidative stress can facilitate the understanding and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. We evaluated nitroxide-enhanced MRI with 3-carbamoyl-proxyl (3CP) for the detection of myocardial oxidative stress. METHODS Three mouse models of cardiac oxidative stress were imaged, namely angiotensin II (Ang II) infusion, myocardial infarction (MI), and high-fat high-sucrose (HFHS) diet-induced obesity (DIO). For the Ang II model, mice underwent MRI at baseline and after 7 days of Ang II (n = 8) or saline infusion (n = 8). For the MI model, mice underwent MRI at baseline (n = 10) and at 1 (n = 8), 4 (n = 9), and 21 (n = 8) days after MI. For the HFHS-DIO model, mice underwent MRI at baseline (n = 20) and 18 weeks (n = 13) after diet initiation. The 3CP reduction rate, Kred , computed using a tracer kinetic model, was used as a metric of oxidative stress. Dihydroethidium (DHE) staining of tissue sections was performed on Day 1 after MI. RESULTS For the Ang II model, Kred was higher after 7 days of Ang II versus other groups (p < 0.05). For the MI model, Kred , in the infarct region was significantly elevated on Days 1 and 4 after MI (p < 0.05), whereas Kred in the noninfarcted region did not change after MI. DHE confirmed elevated oxidative stress in the infarct zone on Day 1 after MI. After 18 weeks of HFHS diet, Kred was higher in mice after diet versus baseline (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Nitroxide-enhanced MRI noninvasively quantifies tissue oxidative stress as one component of a multiparametric preclinical MRI examination. These methods may facilitate investigations of oxidative stress in cardiovascular disease and related therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soham A Shah
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Sophia X Cui
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | | | - Soichi Sano
- Hematovascular Biology Center, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Virginia, USA
| | - Ying Wang
- Hematovascular Biology Center, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Virginia, USA
| | - Heather Doviak
- Hematovascular Biology Center, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Virginia, USA
| | - Jonathan Leor
- Neufield Cardiac Research Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Kenneth Walsh
- Hematovascular Biology Center, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Virginia, USA
| | - Brent A French
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Frederick H Epstein
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Radiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
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Kingsmore KM, Vaccari A, Abler D, Cui SX, Epstein FH, Rockne RC, Acton ST, Munson JM. MRI analysis to map interstitial flow in the brain tumor microenvironment. APL Bioeng 2018; 2:031905. [PMID: 30456343 PMCID: PMC6238644 DOI: 10.1063/1.5023503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM), a highly aggressive form of brain tumor, is a disease marked by extensive invasion into the surrounding brain. Interstitial fluid flow (IFF), or the movement of fluid within the spaces between cells, has been linked to increased invasion of GBM cells. Better characterization of IFF could elucidate underlying mechanisms driving this invasion in vivo. Here, we develop a technique to noninvasively measure interstitial flow velocities in the glioma microenvironment of mice using dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), a common clinical technique. Using our in vitro model as a phantom "tumor" system and in silico models of velocity vector fields, we show we can measure average velocities and accurately reconstruct velocity directions. With our combined MR and analysis method, we show that velocity magnitudes are similar across four human GBM cell line xenograft models and the direction of fluid flow is heterogeneous within and around the tumors, and not always in the outward direction. These values were not linked to the tumor size. Finally, we compare our flow velocity magnitudes and the direction of flow to a classical marker of vessel leakage and bulk fluid drainage, Evans blue. With these data, we validate its use as a marker of high and low IFF rates and IFF in the outward direction from the tumor border in implanted glioma models. These methods show, for the first time, the nature of interstitial fluid flow in models of glioma using a technique that is translatable to clinical and preclinical models currently using contrast-enhanced MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn M. Kingsmore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - Andrea Vaccari
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Virginia School of Engineering and Applied Science, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - Daniel Abler
- Division of Mathematical Oncology, City of Hope, Duarte, California 91010, USA
| | - Sophia X. Cui
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - Frederick H. Epstein
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - Russell C. Rockne
- Division of Mathematical Oncology, City of Hope, Duarte, California 91010, USA
| | - Scott T. Acton
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Virginia School of Engineering and Applied Science, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - Jennifer M. Munson
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed: . Tel.: (540)-231-7896
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Cui SX, Epstein FH. MRI assessment of coronary microvascular endothelial nitric oxide synthase function using myocardial T 1 mapping. Magn Reson Med 2017; 79:2246-2253. [PMID: 28782150 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.26870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) plays a central role in regulating vascular tone, blood flow, and microvascular permeability. Endothelial dysfunction, including eNOS dysfunction, is an early biomarker of vascular disease. This study aimed to show that myocardial T1 mapping during nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibition could assess coronary microvascular eNOS function. METHODS Wild-type mice, eNOS-/- mice, and wild-type mice fed a high-fat diet underwent T1 mapping at baseline and for 20 min after injection of NG -nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (LNAME), a NOS inhibitor. First-pass perfusion MRI was performed in wild-type mice at baseline and 5 min after LNAME injection. RESULTS T1 mapping detected an increase in myocardial T1 5 min after an injection of 4 mg/kg LNAME compared with baseline in control mice (T1 = 1515 ± 30 ms with LNAME versus T1 = 1402 ± 30 ms at baseline, P < 0.05). No change in myocardial T1 after LNAME injection was observed in eNOS-/- mice. The change in T1 after LNAME injection was less in high-fat-diet mice (ΔT1 = 31 ± 14 ms at 12 weeks of diet and ΔT1 = 16 ± 17 ms at 18 weeks of diet) compared with mice fed a standard diet (ΔT1 = 113 ± 15 ms), with P < 0.05. First-pass MRI measured similar perfusion at baseline and 5 min after LNAME injection. CONCLUSIONS NOS inhibition causes an increase in myocardial T1 in healthy mice, and this effect is mediated through eNOS. T1 mapping during NOS inhibition detects coronary microvascular eNOS dysfunction in high-fat-diet mice. T1 mapping during NOS inhibition may be useful in preclinical studies aiming to investigate mechanisms underlying and therapies for coronary microvascular eNOS dysfunction. Magn Reson Med 79:2246-2253, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia X Cui
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Frederick H Epstein
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.,Radiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
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Auger DA, Bilchick KC, Gonzalez JA, Cui SX, Holmes JW, Kramer CM, Salerno M, Epstein FH. Imaging left-ventricular mechanical activation in heart failure patients using cine DENSE MRI: Validation and implications for cardiac resynchronization therapy. J Magn Reson Imaging 2017; 46:887-896. [PMID: 28067978 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.25613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To image late mechanical activation and identify effective left-ventricular (LV) pacing sites for cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). There is variability in defining mechanical activation time, with some studies using the time to peak strain (TPS) and some using the time to the onset of circumferential shortening (TOS). We developed improved methods for imaging mechanical activation and evaluated them in heart failure (HF) patients undergoing CRT. MATERIALS AND METHODS We applied active contours to cine displacement encoding with stimulated echoes (DENSE) strain images to detect TOS. Six healthy volunteers underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 1.5T, and 50 patients underwent pre-CRT MRI (strain, scar, volumes) and echocardiography, assessment of the electrical activation time (Q-LV) at the LV pacing site, and echocardiography assessment of LV reverse remodeling 6 months after CRT. TPS at the LV pacing site was also measured by DENSE. RESULTS The latest TOS was greater in HF patients vs. healthy subjects (112 ± 28 msec vs. 61 ± 7 msec, P < 0.01). The correlation between TOS and Q-LV was strong (r > 0.75; P < 0.001) and better than between TPS and Q-LV (r < 0.62; P ≥ 0.006). Twenty-three of 50 patients had the latest activating segment in a region other than the mid-ventricular lateral wall, the most common site for the CRT LV lead. Using a multivariable model, TOS/QRS was significantly associated with LV reverse remodeling even after adjustment for overall dyssynchrony and scar (P < 0.05), whereas TPS was not (P = 0.49). CONCLUSION Late activation by cine DENSE TOS analysis is associated with improved LV reverse remodeling with CRT and deserves further study as a tool to achieve optimal LV lead placement in CRT. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 1 Technical Efficacy: Stage 1 J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2017;46:887-896.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Auger
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Kenneth C Bilchick
- Medicine/Cardiology/Electrophysiology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Jorge A Gonzalez
- Medicine/Cardiology/Electrophysiology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Sophia X Cui
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Jeffrey W Holmes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.,Medicine/Cardiology/Electrophysiology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Christopher M Kramer
- Medicine/Cardiology/Electrophysiology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.,Radiology/Medical Imaging, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Michael Salerno
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.,Medicine/Cardiology/Electrophysiology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Frederick H Epstein
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.,Radiology/Medical Imaging, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
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Cui SX, French BA, Epstein FH. Detection of increased coronary microvascular permeability with MRI T1 mapping and gadolinium-labeled albumin. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2016. [PMCID: PMC5032631 DOI: 10.1186/1532-429x-18-s1-w3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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12
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Auger DA, Cui SX, Chen X, Gonzalez JA, Kramer CM, Bilchick KC, Epstein FH. Cine DENSE MRI of mechanical activation in heart failure patients referred for cardiac resynchronization therapy. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2016. [PMCID: PMC5032205 DOI: 10.1186/1532-429x-18-s1-p215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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13
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Zhao ZQ, Bai R, Liu WL, Feng W, Zhao AQ, Wang Y, Wang WX, Sun L, Wu LS, Cui SX. Roles of oxidative DNA damage of bone marrow hematopoietic cells in steroid-induced avascular necrosis of femoral head. Genet Mol Res 2016; 15:gmr7706. [PMID: 27050982 DOI: 10.4238/gmr.15017706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
An animal model of steroid-induced avascular necrosis of femoral head (SANFH) was established to investigate the role of oxidative DNA damage of bone marrow hematopoietic cells in SANFH. Forty-five-month-old Japanese white rabbits (male or female, 2.5 ± 0.5 kg) were randomly divided into groups A (methylprednisolone + Escherichia coli endotoxin), B (methylprednisolone alone), C (E. coli endotoxin alone), and D (blank control). The animals were sacrificed two and four weeks after administration of the last dose (N = 5 each group and each time). Left and right femoral heads were fixed and decalcified. Empty lacunae were counted by hematoxylin and eosin staining and oxidative DNA damage of bone marrow hematopoietic cells was detected by immunohistochemistry. At week 2, the rate of oxidative DNA damage in bone marrow hematopoietic cells was significantly higher in group A than in groups B, C, and D (P < 0.01), while there was no significant difference between groups B, C, and D. At week 4, the rate of oxidative DNA damage in bone marrow hematopoietic cells was significantly higher in group A than in groups B, C, and D (P < 0.01), while there was no significant difference among groups B, C, and D. Thus, oxidative DNA damage of bone marrow hematopoietic cells appears to play an important role in SANFH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Q Zhao
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - R Bai
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - W L Liu
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - W Feng
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - A Q Zhao
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Y Wang
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - W X Wang
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - L Sun
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | | | - S X Cui
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
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14
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Wei XX, Chu JP, Zou YZ, Ru N, Cui SX, Bai YX. Effect of odanacatib on root resorption and alveolar bone metabolism during orthodontic tooth movement. Genet Mol Res 2015; 14:17972-81. [PMID: 26782444 DOI: 10.4238/2015.december.22.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of local administration of odanacatib (ODN) on orthodontic root resorption and the status of alveolar bone metabolism in rat molars. All specimens were scanned using microcomputed tomography and then the raw images were reconstructed. The total volume of the root resorption craters of the 60 g-NS (normal saline) group was higher than in the 60 g-ODN group and the control group. In the 60 g-NS group, the bone volume fraction values of alveolar bone were significantly decreased compared with the other 2 groups. There were no significant differences in the bone volume fraction values of the tibiae among the 3 groups. The results of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive (TRAP+) numbers showed that there was no difference between the 60 g-NS group and the 60 g-ODN group. The expression of cathepsin K was decreased significantly in the 60 g-ODN group. These results indicate that ODN reduces orthodontics-induced external root resorption and increases alveolar bone metabolism. This may be because ODN inhibits the activity of odontoclasts, but maintains the quantity of odontoclasts and enhances bone formation. ODN promotes local alveolar bone metabolism, but does not affect systemic bone metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- X X Wei
- Department of Orthodontics, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,Department of Orthodontics, Zhengzhou University School of Stomatology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - J P Chu
- Department of Endodontics, Zhengzhou University School of Stomatology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Y Z Zou
- Department of Orthodontics, Zhengzhou University School of Stomatology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - N Ru
- Department of Orthodontics, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - S X Cui
- Department of Orthodontics, Zhengzhou University School of Stomatology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Y X Bai
- Department of Orthodontics, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
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15
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Laughner JI, Marrus SB, Zellmer ER, Weinheimer CJ, MacEwan MR, Cui SX, Nerbonne JM, Efimov IR. A fully implantable pacemaker for the mouse: from battery to wireless power. PLoS One 2013; 8:e76291. [PMID: 24194832 PMCID: PMC3806780 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal models have become a popular platform for the investigation of the molecular and systemic mechanisms of pathological cardiovascular physiology. Chronic pacing studies with implantable pacemakers in large animals have led to useful models of heart failure and atrial fibrillation. Unfortunately, molecular and genetic studies in these large animal models are often prohibitively expensive or not available. Conversely, the mouse is an excellent species for studying molecular mechanisms of cardiovascular disease through genetic engineering. However, the large size of available pacemakers does not lend itself to chronic pacing in mice. Here, we present the design for a novel, fully implantable wireless-powered pacemaker for mice capable of long-term (>30 days) pacing. This design is compared to a traditional battery-powered pacemaker to demonstrate critical advantages achieved through wireless inductive power transfer and control. Battery-powered and wireless-powered pacemakers were fabricated from standard electronic components in our laboratory. Mice (n = 24) were implanted with endocardial, battery-powered devices (n = 14) and epicardial, wireless-powered devices (n = 10). Wireless-powered devices were associated with reduced implant mortality and more reliable device function compared to battery-powered devices. Eight of 14 (57.1%) mice implanted with battery-powered pacemakers died following device implantation compared to 1 of 10 (10%) mice implanted with wireless-powered pacemakers. Moreover, device function was achieved for 30 days with the wireless-powered device compared to 6 days with the battery-powered device. The wireless-powered pacemaker system presented herein will allow electrophysiology studies in numerous genetically engineered mouse models as well as rapid pacing-induced heart failure and atrial arrhythmia in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob I. Laughner
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Scott B. Marrus
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Erik R. Zellmer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Carla J. Weinheimer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Matthew R. MacEwan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Sophia X. Cui
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Jeanne M. Nerbonne
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Igor R. Efimov
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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16
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Gai RY, Qu XJ, Lou HX, Han JX, Cui SX, Nakata M, Kokudo N, Sugawara Y, Kuroiwa C, Tang W. GMP implementation in China: A double-edged sword for the pharmaceutical industry. Drug Discov Ther 2007; 1:12-13. [PMID: 22504359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
China's Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) standards that mainly parallel WHO standards were made compulsory in 2004. However, GMP implementation had both positive as well as negative impacts on the pharmaceutical industry, with negatives including pharmaceutical companies suffering economic hardships, poor execution of GMP standards, and sequent health scares. This report briefly describes the problems with GMP implementation in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Y Gai
- Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Cui SX. [Hypofunction of peripheral target-gland after radiotherapy of pituitary adenoma--an analysis of 140 cases]. Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi 1990; 12:227-30. [PMID: 2174331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
One hundred and forty cases of pituitary adenoma, treated by surgery plus radiotherapy or radiotherapy alone from 1978 to 1985, were analysed as to the incidence of hypothalamo-pituitary and peripheral target-gland hypofunction after radiotherapy. The incidence of hypothyroidism, hypogonadism and hypoadrenalism was 51.7%, 61.4% and 17.8%, respectively. Thyroid and gonad were vulnerable following hypothalamo-pituitary hypofunction, and the incidence was 19.2% and 23.5% individually, and 27.1% simultaneously. The incidence of hypoadrenalism was 7.1%. The total incidence of target-gland hypofunction was 10.7%. Hypofunction of the posterior lobe of the pituitary often occurred after operation. For patients treated with radiotherapy alone, the incidence of hypothalamo-pituitary and target-gland hypofunction was high because of higher irradiation dose. Hormonotherapy was successful in the treatment of hypopituitarism and target-gland hypofunction. For radiotherapy of pituitary adenoma, DT 40-45 Gy and treatment field 4 x 4 cm are recommended.
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Cui SX. [Pituitary radiotherapy of Cushing's disease (an analysis of 22 cases and literatures review)]. Zhonghua Fang She Xue Za Zhi 1989; 23:221-4. [PMID: 2627807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
22 patients with Cushing's disease were treated in our hospital from 1976 to 1983. 18 patients were treated by adrenal surgery combined with pituitary irradiation, while 4 patients by radiotherapy of pituitary alone. Overall effective rate was 94%, 82% of patients were able to return to work. Adrenal resection followed by radiation of the pituitary had a relapse rate of 9.1%. The relapse rate was increased to 85.7%, if post-operative radiation was not given. The authors proposed that for young patients with mild disease, radiotherapy alone for pituitary yields good results. As post-operative radiotherapy radiation should be started 2 weeks to 2 months after adrenal operation. Two opposing lateral preauricular portals together with one prefrontal midline portal are preferable and can effectively reduce the dose to the normal brain, the recommended dose is DT 40-50 Gy.
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