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Sajid A, Castronovo M, Goycoolea FM. On the Fractionation and Physicochemical Characterisation of Self-Assembled Chitosan-DNA Polyelectrolyte Complexes. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15092115. [PMID: 37177260 PMCID: PMC10180698 DOI: 10.3390/polym15092115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitosan is extensively studied as a carrier for gene delivery and is an attractive non-viral gene vector owing to its polycationic, biodegradable, and biocompatible nature. Thus, it is essential to understand the chemistry of self-assembled chitosan-DNA complexation and their structural and functional properties, enabling the formation of an effective non-viral gene delivery system. In this study, two parent chitosans (samples NAS-032 and NAS-075; Mw range ~118-164 kDa) and their depolymerised derivatives (deploy nas-032 and deploy nas-075; Mw range 6-14 kDa) with degrees of acetylation 43.4 and 4.7%, respectively, were used to form polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs) with DNA at varying [-NH3+]/[-PO4-] (N/P) molar charge ratios. We investigated the formation of the PECs using ζ-potential, asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation (AF4) coupled with multiangle light scattering (MALS), refractive index (RI), ultraviolet (UV) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) detectors, and TEM imaging. PEC formation was confirmed by ζ-potential measurements that shifted from negative to positive values at N/P ratio ~2. The radius of gyration (Rg) was determined for the eluting fractions by AF4-MALS-RI-UV, while the corresponding hydrodynamic radius (Rh), by the DLS data. We studied the influence of different cross-flow rates on AF4 elution patterns for PECs obtained at N/P ratios 5, 10, and 20. The determined rho shape factor (ρ = Rg/Rh) values for the various PECs corresponded with a sphere morphology (ρ ~0.77-0.85), which was consistent with TEM images. The results of this study represent a further step towards the characterisation of chitosan-DNA PECs by the use of multi-detection AF4 as an important tool to fractionate and infer aspects of their morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Sajid
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Matteo Castronovo
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
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Lee J, Tandon A, Mariyappan K, Kokkiligadda S, Jeon S, Jeong JH, Park SH. Water-resistant free-standing DNA-complexed films with antioxidant and H 2O 2-responsive activity. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:2755-2763. [PMID: 36987782 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm01159j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Water-insoluble DNA complexes are suitable for producing free-standing DNA films due to their low water sensitivity, which prevents their rapid degradation in aqueous environments. Here, we proposed two types of free-standing films that exhibit low dissolution rates in water: low molecular weight chitosan (LCS)-DNA films and phosphatidylcholine (PC)-cetyltrimethylammonium (CTMA)-DNA films. The structure and binding characteristics of the LCS-DNA and PC-CTMA-DNA complexes were investigated with UV-Vis spectroscopy and via the fluorescent characteristics of daunorubicin bound to them. A simple drop-casting method was then adopted for both complexes to fabricate free-standing films. An increase in antioxidant activity and water-resistance of the LCS-DNA DNA film was observed when the molar ratio of LCS to DNA was increased, but the dissolution rate of the LCS-DNA film was also dependent on the ionic strength of the dissolving solution. Fourteen days were required to dissolve the LCS-DNA film in deionized water, whereas immediate dissolution was observed in 1× phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). Deformation of the PC-CTMA-DNA film was accelerated by H2O2, such that the PC-CTMA-DNA film was degraded after 21 days of immersion in 1× PBS with H2O2. Due to the low dissolution rate in water and antioxidant activity, the free-standing LCS-DNA film should be able to store and protect embedded clinical materials, such as proteins and intercalating drugs, from moisture and enable localized delivery of treatments to designated sites. Also, the free-standing PC-CTMA-DNA film could be a biocompatible candidate for use as a membrane or sensor for detecting the levels of reactive oxygen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayeon Lee
- Department of Physics, Institute of Basic Science, and Sungkyunkwan Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea.
| | - Anshula Tandon
- Department of Physics, Institute of Basic Science, and Sungkyunkwan Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea.
| | - Karthikeyan Mariyappan
- Department of Physics, Institute of Basic Science, and Sungkyunkwan Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea.
| | - Samanth Kokkiligadda
- Department of Physics, Institute of Basic Science, and Sungkyunkwan Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea.
| | - Sohee Jeon
- Nanomechanical Systems Research Division, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials (KIMM), Daejeon 34103, Korea.
| | - Jun-Ho Jeong
- Nanomechanical Systems Research Division, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials (KIMM), Daejeon 34103, Korea.
- Department of Nanomechatronics, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Sung Ha Park
- Department of Physics, Institute of Basic Science, and Sungkyunkwan Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea.
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Moradi-Chaleshtori M, Koochaki A, Shojaei S, Paryan M, Safarzadeh M, Hashemi SM, Mohammadi-Yeganeh S. Overexpression of Pigment epithelium-derived factor in breast cancer cell-derived exosomes induces M1 polarization in macrophages. Immunol Lett 2022; 248:31-36. [PMID: 35667453 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2022.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
M2 macrophages, the major component of tumor microenvironment, are recognized as important player in tumor progression. M2 macrophages mediate this effect by promoting tumor angiogenesis, tumor metastasis, and suppression of tumor immunity. Reprogramming of M2 macrophages can serve as a promising strategy in cancer immunotherapy. In this study, we constructed pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) expressing vector and transfected MDA-MB-231 cells with this construct. Then, exosomes were isolated from transfected cells and M2 macrophages were incubated with isolated exosomes from transfected cell. The effect of isolated exosomes on macrophage polarization was examined by real-time PCR and ELISA. The results demonstrated reprogramming of M2 macrophages after incubation with isolated exosomes from PEDF transfected cells. M2-to-M1 repolarization of macrophages was confirmed by upregulation of CD80, IRF5, MCP1, and IL-1β and repression of CD206, Arg, TGM2, and TGF-β. Therefore, these findings revealed that introducing PEDF into exosomes by genetic manipulation of parent cells may be a potential approach for reprogramming of M2 macrophages in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Moradi-Chaleshtori
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ameneh Koochaki
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samaneh Shojaei
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Paryan
- Department of Research and Development, Production and Research Complex, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrnoush Safarzadeh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mahmoud Hashemi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samira Mohammadi-Yeganeh
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran..
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Safarzadeh M, Mohammadi-Yeganeh S, Ghorbani-Bidkorbeh F, Haji Molla Hoseini M. Chitosan based nanoformulation expressing miR-155 as a promising adjuvant to enhance Th1-biased immune responses. Life Sci 2022; 297:120459. [PMID: 35248524 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM MiR-155 could act as a key modulator of different aspects of immune system including Th1 responses. In this study, we designed chitosan nanoparticles containing miR-155-expressing plasmid and explored their effects as an adjuvant to enhance Th1 responses for potential future application against intracellular pathogens. METHODS Nanoparticles were formulated by complex coacervation method and characterized for physicochemical and functional characteristics. Transfection efficiency in Raw 264.7 cells, effects on miR-155 target genes and NO production were evaluated. The prepared nanoparticles were co-administered as an adjuvant with ovalbumin to immunize mice and finally production of IFN-γ and IL-4 were measured by ELISA in splenocyte recall responses. RESULTS The prepared nanoparticles had the mean size of 244 nm and zeta potential of +17 mV, respectively. Electrophoresis analysis indicated the high capability of nanoparticles to protect the plasmid from DNaseI degradation. Furthermore, nanoparticles showed an appropriate transfection efficiency in Raw 264.7 cells and could downregulate the expression of miR-155 target genes and also upregulate NO production. In vivo immunization examinations revealed successful shift of T cell responses toward Th1. CONCLUSION Our data suggests the high potential of chitosan nanoparticles containing miR-155-expressing plasmid as an adjuvant for significantly enhanced Th1-biased immune responses upon immunization with a given antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrnoush Safarzadeh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samira Mohammadi-Yeganeh
- Medical Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ghorbani-Bidkorbeh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Haji Molla Hoseini
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Medical Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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El-Gharably AA, Kenawy ERS, Safaan AA, Aboamna SA, Mahmoud YAG. Synthesis, characterization, antimicrobial and anticancer evaluation of N-aryl aminochitosan. Polym Bull (Berl) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-021-03960-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Tabassum N, Ahmed S, Ali MA. Chitooligosaccharides and their structural-functional effect on hydrogels: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 261:117882. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Badazhkova VD, Raik SV, Polyakov DS, Poshina DN, Skorik YA. Effect of Double Substitution in Cationic Chitosan Derivatives on DNA Transfection Efficiency. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12051057. [PMID: 32380700 PMCID: PMC7284465 DOI: 10.3390/polym12051057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, much effort has been expended on the development of non-viral gene delivery systems based on polyplexes of nucleic acids with various cationic polymers. Natural polysaccharide derivatives are promising carriers due to their low toxicity. In this work, chitosan was chemically modified by a reaction with 4-formyl-n,n,n-trimethylanilinium iodide and pyridoxal hydrochloride and subsequent reduction of the imine bond with NaBH4. This reaction yielded three novel derivatives, n-[4-(n’,n’,n’-trimethylammonium)benzyl]chitosan chloride (TMAB-CS), n-[(3-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methyl-4-pyridine)methyl]chitosan chloride (Pyr-CS), and n-[4-(n’,n’,n’’-trimethylammonium)benzyl]-n-[(3-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methyl-4-pyridine)methyl]chitosan chloride (PyrTMAB-CS). Their structures and degrees of substitution were established by 1H NMR spectroscopy as DS1 = 0.22 for TMAB-CS, DS2 = 0.28 for Pyr-CS, and DS1 = 0.21, DS2 = 0.22 for PyrTMAB-CS. Dynamic light scattering measurements revealed that the new polymers formed stable polyplexes with plasmid DNA encoding the green fluorescent protein (pEGFP-N3) and that the particles had the smallest size (110–165 nm) when the polymer:DNA mass ratio was higher than 5:1. Transfection experiments carried out in the HEK293 cell line using the polymer:DNA polyplexes demonstrated that Pyr-CS was a rather poor transfection agent at polymer:DNA mass ratios less than 10:1, but it was still more effective than the TMAB-CS and PyrTMAB-CS derivatives that contained a quaternary ammonium group. By contrast, TMAB-CS and PyrTMAB-CS were substantially more effective than Pyr-CS at higher polymer:DNA mass ratios and showed a maximum efficiency at 200:1 (50%–70% transfected cells). Overall, the results show the possibility of combining substituent effects in a single carrier, thereby increasing its efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika D. Badazhkova
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoi pr. VO 31, 199004 St. Petersburg, Russia; (V.D.B.); (S.V.R.); (D.N.P.)
| | - Sergei V. Raik
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoi pr. VO 31, 199004 St. Petersburg, Russia; (V.D.B.); (S.V.R.); (D.N.P.)
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Dmitry S. Polyakov
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Akademika Pavlova st. 12, 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Daria N. Poshina
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoi pr. VO 31, 199004 St. Petersburg, Russia; (V.D.B.); (S.V.R.); (D.N.P.)
| | - Yury A. Skorik
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoi pr. VO 31, 199004 St. Petersburg, Russia; (V.D.B.); (S.V.R.); (D.N.P.)
- Correspondence:
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Arnold ND, Brück WM, Garbe D, Brück TB. Enzymatic Modification of Native Chitin and Conversion to Specialty Chemical Products. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:E93. [PMID: 32019265 PMCID: PMC7073968 DOI: 10.3390/md18020093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
: Chitin is one of the most abundant biomolecules on earth, occurring in crustacean shells and cell walls of fungi. While the polysaccharide is threatening to pollute coastal ecosystems in the form of accumulating shell-waste, it has the potential to be converted into highly profitable derivatives with applications in medicine, biotechnology, and wastewater treatment, among others. Traditionally this is still mostly done by the employment of aggressive chemicals, yielding low quality while producing toxic by-products. In the last decades, the enzymatic conversion of chitin has been on the rise, albeit still not on the same level of cost-effectiveness compared to the traditional methods due to its multi-step character. Another severe drawback of the biotechnological approach is the highly ordered structure of chitin, which renders it nigh impossible for most glycosidic hydrolases to act upon. So far, only the Auxiliary Activity 10 family (AA10), including lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs), is known to hydrolyse native recalcitrant chitin, which spares the expensive first step of chemical or mechanical pre-treatment to enlarge the substrate surface. The main advantages of enzymatic conversion of chitin over conventional chemical methods are the biocompability and, more strikingly, the higher product specificity, product quality, and yield of the process. Products with a higher Mw due to no unspecific depolymerisation besides an exactly defined degree and pattern of acetylation can be yielded. This provides a new toolset of thousands of new chitin and chitosan derivatives, as the physio-chemical properties can be modified according to the desired application. This review aims to provide an overview of the biotechnological tools currently at hand, as well as challenges and crucial steps to achieve the long-term goal of enzymatic conversion of native chitin into specialty chemical products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathanael D. Arnold
- Werner Siemens Chair of Synthetic Biotechnology, Dept. of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 85748 Garching, Germany; (N.D.A.); (D.G.)
| | - Wolfram M. Brück
- Institute for Life Technologies, University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland Valais-Wallis, 1950 Sion 2, Switzerland;
| | - Daniel Garbe
- Werner Siemens Chair of Synthetic Biotechnology, Dept. of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 85748 Garching, Germany; (N.D.A.); (D.G.)
| | - Thomas B. Brück
- Werner Siemens Chair of Synthetic Biotechnology, Dept. of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 85748 Garching, Germany; (N.D.A.); (D.G.)
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Perez-Puyana V, Rubio-Valle J, Jiménez-Rosado M, Guerrero A, Romero A. Chitosan as a potential alternative to collagen for the development of genipin-crosslinked scaffolds. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2019.104414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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10
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Soliman OY, Alameh MG, De Cresenzo G, Buschmann MD, Lavertu M. Efficiency of Chitosan/Hyaluronan-Based mRNA Delivery Systems In Vitro: Influence of Composition and Structure. J Pharm Sci 2019; 109:1581-1593. [PMID: 31891675 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2019.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Messenger RNA (mRNA)-containing nanoparticles were produced by electrostatic complexation with a library of pharmaceutical grade chitosans with different degrees of deacetylation and hyaluronic acids (HAs) (native vs. sulfated). Polymer length (Mn), HA degree of sulfation (DS), and amine to phosphate to carboxyl + sulfate (from HA) ratio (N:P:C) were controlled. In vitro transfections were performed in the presence/absence of trehalose and at different pH. Particle size and ζ-potential were correlated with transfection efficiency. Polymer length and charge densities (degree of deacetylation, degree of sulfation) of both HA and chitosan had a direct influence on transfection efficiency through modulation of avidity to mRNA. N:P:C ratio, trehalose, mixing concentration, and nucleic acid dose influenced transfection efficiency with optimized formulations reaching ∼60%-65% transfection efficiency relative to commercially available lipid control with no apparent toxicity for transfection at slightly acidic pH 6.5.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohamad Gabriel Alameh
- Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Gregory De Cresenzo
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Michael D Buschmann
- Department of Bioengineering, Volgenau School of Engineering, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia 22030
| | - Marc Lavertu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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Yang X, Zhang Y, Malichewe C, Shi Z, Wang L, Lu Z, Guo X. Chitosan nanoparticle mediated upregulation of microRNA34a expression to suppress the proliferation, migration, invasion of MDA-MB-231 cells. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2019.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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12
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Abrica-González P, Zamora-Justo JA, Sotelo-López A, Vázquez-Martínez GR, Balderas-López JA, Muñoz-Diosdado A, Ibáñez-Hernández M. Gold nanoparticles with chitosan, N-acylated chitosan, and chitosan oligosaccharide as DNA carriers. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2019; 14:258. [PMID: 31363863 PMCID: PMC6667606 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-019-3083-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Currently, gold nanoparticles have found applications in engineering and medical sciences, taking advantage from their properties and characteristics. Surface plasmon resonance, for instance, is one of the main features for optical applications and other physical properties, like high density, that represents the key for cellular uptake. Among other applications, in the medical field, some diseases may be treated by using gene therapy, including monogenetic or polygenetic disorders and infections. Gene adding, suppression, or substitution is one of the many options for genetic manipulation. This work explores an alternative non-viral method for gene transfer by using gold nanoparticles functionalized with organic polymers; two routes of synthesis were used: one of them with sodium borohydride as reducing agent and the other one with chitosan oligosaccharide as reducing and stabilizing agent. Gold nanoparticles conjugated with chitosan, acylated chitosan and chitosan oligosaccharide, were used to evaluate transfection efficiency of plasmid DNA into cell culture (HEK-293). Physical and chemical properties of gold nanocomposites were characterized by using UV-Vis Spectroscopy, ξ-potential, and transmission electron microscopy. Furthermore, the interaction between gold nanoparticles and plasmid DNA was demonstrated by using agarose gel electrophoresis. Transfection tests were performed and evaluated by β-galactosidase activity and green fluorescence protein expression. The percentage of transfection obtained with chitosan, acylated chitosan, and chitosan oligosaccharide were of 27%, 33%, and 60% respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Abrica-González
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Basic Sciences Department, Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Biotecnología, 07340 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Alberto Zamora-Justo
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Basic Sciences Department, Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Biotecnología, 07340 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Antonio Sotelo-López
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Basic Sciences Department, Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Biotecnología, 07340 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Guillermo Rocael Vázquez-Martínez
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Basic Sciences Department, Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Biotecnología, 07340 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Abraham Balderas-López
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Basic Sciences Department, Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Biotecnología, 07340 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Muñoz-Diosdado
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Basic Sciences Department, Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Biotecnología, 07340 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Miguel Ibáñez-Hernández
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Biochemistry Department, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, 11340 Mexico City, Mexico
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Shilova SV, Tret’yakova AY, Barabanov VP. Cooperative Binding of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate with Chitosan in Water–Alcohol Mixtures. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES A 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s0965545x19010176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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14
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Ma F, Wang Y, Yang G. The Modulation of Chitosan-DNA Interaction by Concentration and pH in Solution. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11040646. [PMID: 30970619 PMCID: PMC6523332 DOI: 10.3390/polym11040646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitosan has been widely used to prepare a DNA carrier for highly efficient and non-toxic gene therapy. In the present study, we investigated DNA charge neutralization and compaction by chitosan in solutions of various pH levels by dynamic light scattering (DLS), magnetic tweezers (MT), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). We found that when chitosan concentration is higher than a critical value (0.2 µM), corresponding the ratio of phosphate and NH2 in chitosan k=1.9, the electrophoretic mobility of DNA-chitosan complex maintains an almost constant value when pH of solution is less 6.5, the isoelectric point of chitosan. Then it decreases with increasing pH of solution. However, when chitosan concentration is lower than the critical value, the mobility of the complex increases with pH in the range of acidity and reaches the maximum when the pH of the solution approaches the isoelectric point of chitosan. It finally decreases with increasing pH in solutions. The corresponding condensing force of the DNA-chitosan complex measured by single molecular MT changes accordingly with its charge neutralization in the same solution concentration (20 µM) and is consistent with the DLS measurements. This phenomenon might be related to the weakening interaction between DNA and chitosan in low pH solutions, and is verified by measuring the ratio of free chitosan to DNA complex in solutions. We also observed the various morphologies of DNA-chitosan complexes, such as ring, rod, flower, braid, and other structures, under different degrees of deacetylation, molecular weight, solution concentration and pH in solutions by AFM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangqin Ma
- Department of Physics, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Yanwei Wang
- Department of Physics, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Guangcan Yang
- Department of Physics, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
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15
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Chitosan and its derivatives: synthesis, biotechnological applications, and future challenges. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:1557-1571. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9550-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Halder SK, Mondal KC. Microbial Valorization of Chitinous Bioresources for Chitin Extraction and Production of Chito-Oligomers and N-Acetylglucosamine: Trends, Perspectives and Prospects. Microb Biotechnol 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-7140-9_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
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Lipid coated chitosan-DNA nanoparticles for enhanced gene delivery. Int J Pharm 2018; 535:473-479. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.11.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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18
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Al-Dhabaan FA, Mostafa M, Almoammar H, Abd-Elsalam KA. Chitosan-Based Nanostructures in Plant Protection Applications. NANOTECHNOLOGY IN THE LIFE SCIENCES 2018:351-384. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-91161-8_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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19
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Zhang P, Li B, Du J, Wang Y. Regulation the morphology of cationized gold nanoparticles for effective gene delivery. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2017; 157:18-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.04.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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20
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Synthesis and micellization of block copolymer based on host–guest recognition and double disulphide linkage for intracellular drug delivery. Polym Bull (Berl) 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-017-2086-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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21
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 236 Baidi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Yanhang Hong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 236 Baidi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Wenjuan Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 236 Baidi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Chun Wang
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, 7-105 Hasselmo
Hall, 312 Church Street S. E., Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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22
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Bor G, Mytych J, Zebrowski J, Wnuk M, Şanlı-Mohamed G. Cytotoxic and cytostatic side effects of chitosan nanoparticles as a non-viral gene carrier. Int J Pharm 2016; 513:431-437. [PMID: 27659861 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.09.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 09/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Although chitosan nanoparticles (CNs) became a promising tool for several biological and medical applications owing to their inherent biocompatibility and biodegradability features, studies regarding their effects on cytotoxic and cytostatic properties still remain insufficient. Therefore, in the present study, we decided to perform comprehensive analysis of the interactions between CNs-pKindling-Red-Mito (pDNA) and different cell line models derived from blood system and human solid tissues cancers. The resulting CNs-pDNA was investigated in terms of their cellular uptake, transfection efficiency, and physico-chemical, cytotoxic and cytostatic properties. The nanoparticles showed high encapsulation efficiency and physical stability for various formulations even after two days time period. Moreover, high gene expression levels were observed after 96h of transfection. CNs-pDNA treatment, despite the absence of oxidative stress induction, caused cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase and as a consequence led to premature senescence which turned out to be both p21-dependent and p21-independent. Also, observed DNMT2 upregulation may suggest the activation of different pathways protecting from the results of CNs-mediated stress. In conclusion, treatment of different cell lines with CNs-pDNA showed that their biocompatibility was limited and the effects were cell type-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gizem Bor
- Biotechnology and Bioengineering Department, Izmir Institute of Technology, Urla, Izmir 35430, Turkey
| | - Jennifer Mytych
- Centre of Applied Biotechnology and Basic Sciences, University of Rzeszow, Werynia 502, 36-100 Kolbuszowa, Poland; Department of Genetics, University of Rzeszow, Rejtana 16C, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Jacek Zebrowski
- Centre of Applied Biotechnology and Basic Sciences, University of Rzeszow, Werynia 502, 36-100 Kolbuszowa, Poland; Department of Plant Physiology, University of Rzeszow, Werynia 502, 36-100 Kolbuszowa, Poland
| | - Maciej Wnuk
- Centre of Applied Biotechnology and Basic Sciences, University of Rzeszow, Werynia 502, 36-100 Kolbuszowa, Poland; Department of Genetics, University of Rzeszow, Rejtana 16C, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Gülşah Şanlı-Mohamed
- Department of Chemistry, Izmir Institute of Technology, Urla, Izmir 35430, Turkey.
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Patel BJ, Vignesh NK, Hortelano G. Chitosan DNA nanoparticles for oral gene delivery. World J Med Genet 2016; 6:22-33. [DOI: 10.5496/wjmg.v6.i3.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene therapy is a promising technology with potential applications in the treatment of medical conditions, both congenital and acquired. Despite its label as breakthrough technology for the 21st century, the simple concept of gene therapy - the introduction of a functional copy of desired genes in affected individuals - is proving to be more challenging than expected. Oral gene delivery has shown intriguing results and warrants further exploration. In particular, oral administration of chitosan DNA nanoparticles, one the most commonly used formulations of therapeutic DNA, has repeatedly demonstrated successful in vitro and in vivo gene transfection. While oral gene therapy has shown immense promise as treatment options in a variety of diseases, there are still significant barriers to overcome before it can be considered for clinical applications. In this review we provide an overview of the physiologic challenges facing the use of chitosan DNA nanoparticles for oral gene delivery at both the extracellular and intracellular level. From administration at the oral cavity, chitosan nanoparticles must traverse the gastrointestinal tract and protect its DNA contents from significant jumps in pH levels, various intestinal digestive enzymes, thick mucus layers with high turnover, and a proteinaceous glycocalyx meshwork. Once these extracellular barriers are overcome, chitosan DNA nanoparticles must enter intestinal cells, escape endolysosomes, and disassociate from genetic material at the appropriate time allowing transport of genetic material into the nucleus to deliver a therapeutic effect. The properties of chitosan nanoparticles and modified nanoparticles are discussed in this review. An understanding of the barriers to oral gene delivery and how to overcome them would be invaluable for future gene therapy development.
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24
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Structure Dependence of Lysosomal Transit of Chitosan-Based Polyplexes for Gene Delivery. Mol Biotechnol 2016; 58:648-656. [DOI: 10.1007/s12033-016-9964-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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25
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Namvar A, Bolhassani A, Khairkhah N, Motevalli F. Physicochemical properties of polymers: An important system to overcome the cell barriers in gene transfection. Biopolymers 2016; 103:363-75. [PMID: 25761628 DOI: 10.1002/bip.22638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Revised: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Delivery of the macromolecules including DNA, miRNA, and antisense oligonucleotides is typically mediated by carriers due to the large size and negative charge. Different physical (e.g., gene gun or electroporation), and chemical (e.g., cationic polymer or lipid) vectors have been already used to improve the efficiency of gene transfer. Polymer-based DNA delivery systems have attracted special interest, in particular via intravenous injection with many intra- and extracellular barriers. The recent progress has shown that stimuli-responsive polymers entitled as multifunctional nucleic acid vehicles can act to target specific cells. These nonviral carriers are classified by the type of stimulus including reduction potential, pH, and temperature. Generally, the physicochemical characterization of DNA-polymer complexes is critical to enhance the transfection potency via protection of DNA from nuclease digestion, endosomal escape, and nuclear localization. The successful clinical applications will depend on an exact insight of barriers in gene delivery and development of carriers overcoming these barriers. Consequently, improvement of novel cationic polymers with low toxicity and effective for biomedical use has attracted a great attention in gene therapy. This article summarizes the main physicochemical and biological properties of polyplexes describing their gene transfection behavior, in vitro and in vivo. In this line, the relative efficiencies of various cationic polymers are compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Namvar
- Department of Hepatitis and AIDS, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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Mokhtarzadeh A, Alibakhshi A, Yaghoobi H, Hashemi M, Hejazi M, Ramezani M. Recent advances on biocompatible and biodegradable nanoparticles as gene carriers. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2016; 16:771-85. [DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2016.1169269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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27
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Bravo-Anaya LM, Soltero JFA, Rinaudo M. DNA/chitosan electrostatic complex. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 88:345-53. [PMID: 27050113 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Up to now, chitosan and DNA have been investigated for gene delivery due to chitosan advantages. It is recognized that chitosan is a biocompatible and biodegradable non-viral vector that does not produce immunological reactions, contrary to viral vectors. Chitosan has also been used and studied for its ability to protect DNA against nuclease degradation and to transfect DNA into several kinds of cells. In this work, high molecular weight DNA is compacted with chitosan. DNA-chitosan complex stoichiometry, net charge, dimensions, conformation and thermal stability are determined and discussed. The influence of external salt and chitosan molecular weight on the stoichiometry is also discussed. The isoelectric point of the complexes was found to be directly related to the protonation degree of chitosan. It is clearly demonstrated that the net charge of DNA-chitosan complex can be expressed in terms of the ratio [NH3(+)]/[P(-)], showing that the electrostatic interactions between DNA and chitosan are the main phenomena taking place in the solution. Compaction of DNA long chain complexed with low molar mass chitosan gives nanoparticles with an average radius around 150nm. Stable nanoparticles are obtained for a partial neutralization of phosphate ionic sites (i.e.: [NH3(+)]/[P(-)] fraction between 0.35 and 0.80).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes Mónica Bravo-Anaya
- Universidad de Guadalajara, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Blvd. M. García Barragán #1451, C.P. 44430 Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico; Grenoble Alpes University, LRP, F-38000 Grenoble, France.
| | - J F Armando Soltero
- Universidad de Guadalajara, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Blvd. M. García Barragán #1451, C.P. 44430 Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.
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28
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29
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Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of New Imine- and Amino-Chitosan Derivatives. Polymers (Basel) 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/polym7121532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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30
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YEH MINGYANG, SHANG HUNGSHENG, LU HSUFENG, CHOU JASON, YEH CHUN, CHANG JINBIOU, HUNG HSIAOFANG, KUO WANLIN, WU LUNGYUAN, CHUNG JINGGUNG. Chitosan oligosaccharides in combination with Agaricus blazei Murill extract reduces hepatoma formation in mice with severe combined immunodeficiency. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:133-40. [PMID: 25760985 PMCID: PMC4438976 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitosan and Agaricus blazei Murill (ABM) extracts possess antitumor activities. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether chitosan, ABM extract or the two in combination were effective against tumors in tumor‑bearing mice. The mice were subcutaneously injected with SK-Hep 1 cells and were then were divided into the following six groups: Group 1, control group; group 2, chitosan 5 mg/kg/day; group 3, chitosan 20 mg/kg/day; group 4, ABM (246 mg/kg/day) and chitosan (5 mg/kg/day) combined; group 5, ABM (984 mg/kg/day) and chitosan (20 mg/kg/day) combined; and group 6, ABM (984 mg/kg/day). The mice were treated with the different concentrations of chitosan, ABM or combinations of the two for 6 weeks. The levels of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and tissue histopathological features were examined in the surviving animals. Based on the results of the investigation, the treatments performed in groups 2, 3 and 4 were identified as being capable of reducing the weights of the tumors, however, group 4, which was treated with chitosan (5 mg/kg/day) in combination with ABM (246 mg/kg/day) was able to reduce the levels of GOT and VEGF. As a result, treatment with chitosan in combination with ABM may offer potential in cancer therapy and requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- MING YANG YEH
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - HUNG SHENG SHANG
- Department of Pathology, National Defense Medical Center, Division of Clinical Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - HSU FENG LU
- Departments of Clinical Pathology, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - JASON CHOU
- Departments of Anatomical Pathology, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - CHUN YEH
- Division of Gastroenterology, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - JIN BIOU CHANG
- Department of Pathology, National Defense Medical Center, Division of Clinical Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Yuanpei University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - HSIAO FANG HUNG
- Department of Medical Technology, Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Miaoli 356, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - WAN LIN KUO
- Department of Biology, Ching Cheng High School, Changhua 500, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - LUNG YUAN WU
- School of Chinese Medicine for Post Baccalaureate, I Shou University, Kaohsiung 840, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - JING GUNG CHUNG
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 404, Taiwan, R.O.C
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31
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Kashyap PL, Xiang X, Heiden P. Chitosan nanoparticle based delivery systems for sustainable agriculture. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 77:36-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2014] [Revised: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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32
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Raftery RM, Tierney EG, Curtin CM, Cryan SA, O'Brien FJ. Development of a gene-activated scaffold platform for tissue engineering applications using chitosan-pDNA nanoparticles on collagen-based scaffolds. J Control Release 2015; 210:84-94. [PMID: 25982680 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Revised: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Biomaterial scaffolds that support cell infiltration and tissue formation can also function as platforms for the delivery of therapeutics such as drugs, proteins, and genes. As burst release of supraphysiological quantities of recombinant proteins can result in adverse side effects, the objective of this study was to explore the potential of a series of collagen-based scaffolds, developed in our laboratory, as gene-activated scaffold platforms with potential in a range of tissue engineering applications. The potential of chitosan, a biocompatible material derived from the shells of crustaceans, as a gene delivery vector was assessed using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). A transfection efficiency of >45% is reported which is similar to what is achieved with polyethyleneimine (PEI), a non-viral gold standard vector, without causing cytotoxic side effects. When the optimised chitosan nanoparticles were incorporated into a series of collagen-based scaffolds, sustained transgene expression from MSCs seeded on the scaffolds was maintained for up to 28days and interestingly the composition of the scaffold had an effect on transfection efficiency. These results demonstrate that by simply varying the scaffold composition and the gene (or combinations thereof) chosen; the system has potential for a myriad of therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanne M Raftery
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Dept. of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Dublin, Ireland; Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Dublin, Ireland; Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), RCSI and TCD, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Erica G Tierney
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Dept. of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Dublin, Ireland; Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Dublin, Ireland; Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), RCSI and TCD, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Caroline M Curtin
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Dept. of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Dublin, Ireland; Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Dublin, Ireland; Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), RCSI and TCD, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sally-Ann Cryan
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Dept. of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Dublin, Ireland; Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Dublin, Ireland; School of Pharmacy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Fergal J O'Brien
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Dept. of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Dublin, Ireland; Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Dublin, Ireland; Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), RCSI and TCD, Dublin, Ireland.
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Zargar V, Asghari M, Dashti A. A Review on Chitin and Chitosan Polymers: Structure, Chemistry, Solubility, Derivatives, and Applications. CHEMBIOENG REVIEWS 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/cben.201400025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 470] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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34
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Direct Determination of Chitosan–Mucin Interactions Using a Single-Molecule Strategy: Comparison to Alginate–Mucin Interactions. Polymers (Basel) 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/polym7020161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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35
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Yang Q, He C, Xu Y, Liu B, Shao Z, Zhu Z, Hou Y, Gong B, Shen YM. Chitosan oligosaccharide copolymer micelles with double disulphide linkage in the backbone associated by H-bonding duplexes for targeted intracellular drug delivery. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4py01473a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Folic acid conjugated block copolymer micelles with H-bonding associated double disulphide linkage in the backbone were developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinglai Yang
- Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240
- China
| | - Changyu He
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms
- Department of Surgery
- Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery
- Ruijin Hospital
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
| | - Yuhong Xu
- School of Pharmacy
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240
- China
| | - Bingya Liu
- Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240
- China
| | - Zhifeng Shao
- Bio-ID Center
- School of Biomedical Engineering
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240
- China
| | - Zhenggang Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms
- Department of Surgery
- Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery
- Ruijin Hospital
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
| | - Yongtai Hou
- Shanghai Qisheng Company
- Shanghai 201106
- China
| | - Bing Gong
- College of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing 100875
- China
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Yu-Mei Shen
- Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240
- China
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36
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Yu P, Gu H. Bioactive substances from marine fishes, shrimps, and algae and their functions: present and future. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2015; 55:1114-36. [PMID: 24915345 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2012.686933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Marine fishes, shrimps, and algae have many important bioactive substances, such as peptides, unsaturated fatty acids, polysaccharides, trace elements, and natural pigments. The introduction of these substances contributes to a significant improvement in developing them in final processed products. In fact, the knowledge of these bioactive substances has experienced a rapid increase in the past 20 years and prompted the relevant technological revolution with a decisive contribution to the final application. The purpose of this review was to introduce critically and comprehensively the present knowledge of these bioactive substances and pointed out their future developmental situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Yu
- a College of Food Science and Biotechnology , Zhejiang Gongshang University , Hangzhou , People's Republic of China
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37
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Hosseinkhani H, Abedini F, Ou KL, Domb AJ. Polymers in gene therapy technology. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.3432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Hosseinkhani
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering; National Taiwan University of Science and Technology (Taiwan Tech); Taipei 10607 Taiwan
- Center of Excellence in Nanomedicine; National Taiwan University of Science and Technology (Taiwan Tech); Taipei 10607 Taiwan
- Research Center for Biomedical Devices and Prototyping Production, Research Center for Biomedical Implants and Microsurgery Devices, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Department of Dentistry; Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital; Taipei 235 Taiwan
| | - Fatemeh Abedini
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute; Karaj Alborz IRAN
| | - Keng-Liang Ou
- Research Center for Biomedical Devices and Prototyping Production, Research Center for Biomedical Implants and Microsurgery Devices, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Department of Dentistry; Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital; Taipei 235 Taiwan
| | - Abraham J. Domb
- Institute of Drug Research, The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy-Faculty of Medicine; The Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Jerusalem 91120 Israel
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38
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39
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Low Molecular Weight Chitosan (LMWC)-based Polyplexes for pDNA Delivery: From Bench to Bedside. Polymers (Basel) 2014. [DOI: 10.3390/polym6061727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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40
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Kedjarune-Leggat U, Supaprutsakul C, Chotigeat W. Ultrasound treatment increases transfection efficiency of low molecular weight chitosan in fibroblasts but not in KB cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e92076. [PMID: 24651870 PMCID: PMC3961286 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to optimize transfection efficiency (TE) of the depolymerized low molecular weight (LW) chitosan with molecular weight (Mw) at 16 kDa and 54% degree of deacetylation (DDA) on three primary cells of fibroblast (F), dental pulp (P), and periodontal ligament (PDL). The effect of low frequency ultrasound treatment on the chitosan-DNA complexes prior transfection on TE was also evaluated. This LW chitosan required high N/P ratio (>34) to bind DNA completely. An N/P ratio above 56 tended to improve TE in most primary cells nearly at the level of Lipofectamine. Ultrasonication can reduce the aggregation and sizes of the chitosan-DNA microparticles. It increased TE of F cells at an N/P ratio above 34, which was higher than Lipofectamine. However, this ultrasound treatment caused loss of TE in KB cells. MTT assay of these chitosan-DNA complexes revealed no significant cytotoxicity to both KB and F cells. This LW chitosan has potential for further development into a safer alternative to gene delivery systems in various cells of interest; however the optimal conditions have to be adjusted, depending on each cell source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ureporn Kedjarune-Leggat
- Department of Oral Biology and Occlusion, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
- * E-mail:
| | - Chanyapat Supaprutsakul
- Department of Oral Biology and Occlusion, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Wilaiwan Chotigeat
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
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41
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Chatelain PG, Pintado ME, Vasconcelos MW. Evaluation of chitooligosaccharide application on mineral accumulation and plant growth in Phaseolus vulgaris. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 215-216:134-140. [PMID: 24388524 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2013.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Revised: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Chitooligosaccharides (COS) - water soluble derivatives from chitin, are an interesting group of molecules for several biological applications, for they can enter plant cells and bind negatively charged molecules. Several studies reported an enhanced plant growth and higher crop yield due to chitosan application in soil grown plants, but no studies have looked on the effect of COS application on plant mineral nutrient dynamics in hydroponically grown plants. In this study, Phaseolus vulgaris was grown in hydroponic culture and the effect of three different concentrations of COS on plant growth and mineral accumulation was assessed. There were significant changes in mineral allocations for Mo, B, Zn, P, Pb, Cd, Mn, Fe, Mg, Ca, Cu, Na, Al and K among treatments. Plant morphology was severely affected in high doses of COS, as well as lignin concentration in the stem and the leaves, but not in the roots. Chlorophyll A, B and carotenoid concentrations did not change significantly among treatments, suggesting that even at higher concentrations, COS application did not affect photosynthetic pigment accumulation. Plants grown at high COS levels had shorter shoots and roots, suggesting that COS can be phytotoxic to the plant. The present study is the first detailed report on the effect of COS application on mineral nutrition in plants, and opens the door for future studies that aim at utilizing COS in biofortification or phytoremediation programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe G Chatelain
- CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuela E Pintado
- CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Marta W Vasconcelos
- CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.
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Köping-Höggård M, Sánchez A, Alonso MJ. Nanoparticles as carriers for nasal vaccine delivery. Expert Rev Vaccines 2014; 4:185-96. [PMID: 15889992 DOI: 10.1586/14760584.4.2.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
At present, there is considerable excitement within the nanotechnology field with regard to the potential use of nanosystems as carriers for mucosal vaccine delivery. Indeed, many of the vaccines available, including protein antigens and DNA vaccines, are very unstable and need to be protected from degradation in the biologic environment. In addition, their efficacy is limited by their poor capacity to cross biologic barriers and reach the target sites. As a consequence, the design of appropriate antigen carriers that could help overcome these problems has become a significant challenge. The goal of the present article is to review the recent advances in the design of polymeric nanosystems intended to be used as carriers for nasal vaccine delivery. More specifically, the authors present nanocarriers that have been made of safe materials, such as biodegradable polyesters and polysaccharides. The information accumulated regarding the in vivo behavior of these nanocarriers indicates that they are able to facilitate the transport of the associated antigen across the nasal epithelium, thus leading to efficient antigen presentation to the immune system. Furthermore, the results suggest that not only the size and surface properties but also the polymer composition and the structural architecture of the nanosystems are critical for the optimization of these antigen carriers. In conclusion, future studies intended to provide increased knowledge regarding these properties and how they relate to the efficiency of the immune responses, will undoubtedly affect the design of new and more effective nasal vaccine delivery strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Köping-Höggård
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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Tang S, Huang Z, Zhang H, Wang Y, Hu Q, Jiang H. Design and formulation of trimethylated chitosan-graft-poly(ɛ-caprolactone) nanoparticles used for gene delivery. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 101:104-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.09.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Revised: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Lu H, Dai Y, Lv L, Zhao H. Chitosan-graft-polyethylenimine/DNA nanoparticles as novel non-viral gene delivery vectors targeting osteoarthritis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e84703. [PMID: 24392152 PMCID: PMC3879331 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2013] [Accepted: 11/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of safe and efficient gene carriers is the key to the clinical success of gene therapy. The present study was designed to develop and evaluate the chitosan-graft-polyethylenimine (CP)/DNA nanoparticles as novel non-viral gene vectors for gene therapy of osteoarthritis. The CP/DNA nanoparticles were produced through a complex coacervation of the cationic polymers with pEGFP after grafting chitosan (CS) with a low molecular weight (Mw) PEI (Mw = 1.8 kDa). Particle size and zeta potential were related to the weight ratio of CP:DNA, where decreases in nanoparticle size and increases in surface charge were observed as CP content increased. The buffering capacity of CP was significantly greater than that of CS. The transfection efficiency of CP/DNA nanoparticles was similar with that of the Lipofectamine™ 2000, and significantly higher than that of CS/DNA and PEI (25 kDa)/DNA nanoparticles. The transfection efficiency of the CP/DNA nanoparticles was dependent on the weight ratio of CP:DNA (w/w). The average cell viability after the treatment with CP/DNA nanoparticles was over 90% in both chondrocytes and synoviocytes, which was much higher than that of PEI (25 kDa)/DNA nanoparticles. The CP copolymers efficiently carried the pDNA inside chondrocytes and synoviocytes, and the pDNA was detected entering into nucleus. These results suggest that CP/DNA nanoparticles with improved transfection efficiency and low cytotoxicity might be a safe and efficient non-viral vector for gene delivery to both chondrocytes and synoviocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huading Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- * E-mail:
| | - Yuhu Dai
- Department of Orthopedics, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Lulu Lv
- Department of Orthopedics, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Huiqing Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
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Dias R, Rosa M, Pais AC, Miguel M, Lindman B. DNA-Surfactant Interactions. Compaction, Condensation, Decompaction and Phase Separation. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.200400069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Karimi M, Avci P, Ahi M, Gazori T, Hamblin MR, Naderi-Manesh H. Evaluation of Chitosan-Tripolyphosphate Nanoparticles as a p-shRNA Delivery Vector: Formulation, Optimization and Cellular Uptake Study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 1:266-278. [PMID: 26989641 DOI: 10.1166/jnd.2013.1027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Polysaccharides (especially chitosan) have recently attracted much attention as gene therapy delivery vehicles for their unique properties such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, low toxicity, and controlled release. Nanoparticles have strong potential as a carrier of plasmid short hairpin RNA (p-shRNA). This study aimed to find the optimum conditions for obtaining Chitosan/triphosphate (TPP)/p-shRNA nanoparticles by the ionic gelation method, and investigating the cellular uptake of the optimized nanoparticles. After applying the central composite design of response surface methodology (RSM), the optimum conditions for preparation of nanoparticles with small size and high loading efficiency were: chitosan/TPP ratio = 10, pH = 5.5 and N/P ratio = 11. The resulting nanoparticles had an average size of 172.8 ± 7 nm and loading efficiency of 71.5 ± 5%. SEM images showed spherical and smooth nanoparticles. The nanoparticles complexed with p-shRNA and may protect it against nuclease digestion. Cytotoxicity studies with HeLa and PC3 human cancer cells demonstrated that chitosan/TPP nanoparticles had low toxicity. Cellular uptake studies using HeLa cells showed that the nanoparticles entered the cells (cellular uptake) and delivered DNA, probably due to their favorable Zeta potential (approximately +28 mV) and small size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Karimi
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, 14115, Iran; Department of Dermatology, Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, 02114, USA
| | - Pinar Avci
- Department of Dermatology, Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, 02114, USA; Department of Dermatology, Semmelweis University School of Medicine, Budapest, 1085, Hungary
| | - Mohsen Ahi
- Biotechnology Group, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, 14115, Iran
| | - Tarane Gazori
- Biotechnology Group, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, 14115, Iran
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Department of Dermatology, Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, 02114, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Hossein Naderi-Manesh
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, 14115, Iran; Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, 14115, Iran
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Hagiwara K, Kishimoto S, Ishihara M, Koyama Y, Mazda O, Sato T. In vivo gene transfer using pDNA/chitosan/chondroitin sulfate ternary complexes: influence of chondroitin sulfate on the stability of freeze-dried complexes and transgene expression in vivo. J Gene Med 2013; 15:83-92. [PMID: 23307647 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.2694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Revised: 12/30/2012] [Accepted: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chitosan has been investigated as a promising nonviral vector. However, several problems still remain, such as a relatively low transfection efficiency and instability under physiological conditions. We previously demonstrated that a chondroitin sulfate (CS) coating enhanced the transfection efficiency and physicochemical stability of plasmid DNA (pDNA)/chitosan complexes in vitro. In the present study, the effects of coating pDNA/chitosan complexes with CS on the stability in freeze-dry rehydration processes and gene expression in vivo were investigated. METHODS Freeze-drying storage at -20 °C, 4 °C, or room temperature, freezing storage at -20 °C, or liquid storage at 4 °C or room temperature, were examined for preservation conditions of pDNA/chitosan/CS ternary complexes by a gel retardation assay, measurements of sizes and zeta potentials, and a luciferase assay. Moreover, to determine the transfection efficiency of the ternary complexes in vivo, suicide gene therapy was carried out in Huh-7-implanted mice using herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase coding pDNA and ganciclovir. RESULTS The freeze-dried pDNA/chitosan/CS ternary complexes showed sufficient cell transfection ability in vitro and in vivo. In addition, ternary complexes were associated with a significant suppression of tumor growth and a histopathologically high anti-tumor effect by intratumoral injection to tumor-bearing mice. CONCLUSIONS The CS coating enhanced the preservation stability of the pDNA/chitosan complexes after freeze-drying-rehydration and their transgene expression in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Hagiwara
- Department of Biosciences and Informatics, Keio University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
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Byrne M, Victory D, Hibbitts A, Lanigan M, Heise A, Cryan SA. Molecular weight and architectural dependence of well-defined star-shaped poly(lysine) as a gene delivery vector. Biomater Sci 2013; 1:1223-1234. [PMID: 32481978 DOI: 10.1039/c3bm60123d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of well-defined star-shaped polypeptides were successfully synthesised by the ring opening polymerisation (ROP) of the N-carboxyanhydride (NCA) of ε-carbobenzyloxy-l-lysine (ZLL) using a range of generations of polypropylene imine (PPI) dendrimers as multifunctional initiators. The monomer feed ratio and dendrimer generation were varied to afford a series of polypeptide dendrimer hybrids with superior structural versatility and functionality. Subsequent protecting group removal yielded star-shaped poly(lysine) of controlled variation in polypeptide chain length and arm multiplicity. Star-shaped PLL polymers were used to prepare pDNA and siRNA to form "polyplexes" to determine their ability to complex different nucleic acid cargoes and were compared with linear PLL polyplex controls. Significant differences in size and surface charge were seen between star-shaped PLL polyplexes and linear PLL polyplexes for both cargoes. The star-shaped polypeptides were capable of more effective complexation of both nucleic acids at low N/P ratios compared to linear PLL as evidenced by zeta potential and electrophoretic data. This was particularly evident in siRNA polyplexes as linear PLL failed to completely complex siRNA into nanocomplexes of appropriate size for cell transfection i.e. <200 nm in size, while star poly(lysine) formed siRNA polyplexes <100 nm at certain N/P ratios, albeit strongly dependent on the particular molecular weight and architecture, as analysed by dynamic light scattering (DLS). Atomic force microscopy (AFM) identified discrete spherically shaped polyplexes for all star-shaped polypeptide-based polyplexes while linear PLL formed elongated irregular shaped complexes. This difference in morphology may go some way towards explaining the 300-fold increase in luciferase expression seen for star-shaped PLL polyplexes G5(64)-PLL40 compared to linear PLL pGLuc polyplexes in epithelial cells. Each of the PPI-PLL polymers appeared to be capable of protecting the nucleic acid cargoes from degradation by the relevant nuclease enzyme as effectively as the positive control polyethyleneimine (PEI) polyplexes. Overall the promising nucleic acid complexation, sizing, morphology and protection capacity of two different genetic "cargoes" highlight the potential of polypeptide dendrimer hybrids as gene delivery vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Byrne
- School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland.
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Yang CY, Sung CY, Shuai HH, Cheng CM, Yeh JA. Probing cellular behaviors through nanopatterned chitosan membranes. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2013; 14:044406. [PMID: 27877591 PMCID: PMC5090317 DOI: 10.1088/1468-6996/14/4/044406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes a high-throughput method for developing physically modified chitosan membranes to probe the cellular behavior of MDCK epithelial cells and HIG-82 fibroblasts adhered onto these modified membranes. To prepare chitosan membranes with micro/nanoscaled features, we have demonstrated an easy-to-handle, facile approach that could be easily integrated with IC-based manufacturing processes with mass production potential. These physically modified chitosan membranes were observed by scanning electron microscopy to gain a better understanding of chitosan membrane surface morphology. After MDCK cells and HIG-82 fibroblasts were cultured on these modified chitosan membranes for various culture durations (i.e. 1, 2, 4, 12 and 24 h), they were investigated to decipher cellular behavior. We found that both cells preferred to adhere onto a flat surface rather than on a nanopatterned surface. However, most (> 80%) of the MDCK cells showed rounded morphology and would suspend in the cultured medium instead of adhering onto the planar surface of negatively nanopatterned chitosan membranes. This means different cell types (e.g. fibroblasts versus epithelia) showed distinct capabilities/preferences of adherence for materials of varying surface roughness. We also showed that chitosan membranes could be re-used at least nine times without significant contamination and would provide us consistency for probing cell-material interactions by permitting reuse of the same substrate. We believe these results would provide us better insight into cellular behavior, specifically, microscopic properties and characteristics of cells grown under unique, nanopatterned cell-interface conditions.
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Buschmann MD, Merzouki A, Lavertu M, Thibault M, Jean M, Darras V. Chitosans for delivery of nucleic acids. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2013; 65:1234-70. [PMID: 23872012 PMCID: PMC7103275 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2013.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2012] [Revised: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 07/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Alternatives to efficient viral vectors in gene therapy are desired because of their poor safety profiles. Chitosan is a promising non-viral nucleotide delivery vector because of its biocompatibility, biodegradability, low immunogenicity and ease of manufacturing. Since the transfection efficiency of chitosan polyplexes is relatively low compared to viral counterparts, there is an impetus to gain a better understanding of the structure-performance relationship. Recent progress in preparation and characterisation has enabled coupling analysis of chitosans structural parameters that has led to increased TE by tailoring of chitosan's structure. In this review, we summarize the recent advances that have lead to a more rational design of chitosan polyplexes. We present an integrated review of all major areas of chitosan-based transfection, including preparation, chitosan and polyplexes physicochemical characterisation, in vitro and in vivo assessment. In each, we present the obstacles to efficient transfection and the strategies adopted over time to surmount these impediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Buschmann
- Dept. Chemical Engineering and Inst. Biomedical Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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