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Nia GE, Nikpayam E, Farrokhi M, Bolhassani A, Meuwissen R. Advances in cell-based delivery of oncolytic viruses as therapy for lung cancer. MOLECULAR THERAPY. ONCOLOGY 2024; 32:200788. [PMID: 38596310 PMCID: PMC10976516 DOI: 10.1016/j.omton.2024.200788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Lung cancer's intractability is enhanced by its frequent resistance to (chemo)therapy and often high relapse rates that make it the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Improvement of therapy efficacy is a crucial issue that might lead to a significant advance in the treatment of lung cancer. Oncolytic viruses are desirable combination partners in the developing field of cancer immunotherapy due to their direct cytotoxic effects and ability to elicit an immune response. Systemic oncolytic virus administration through intravenous injection should ideally lead to the highest efficacy in oncolytic activity. However, this is often hampered by the prevalence of host-specific, anti-viral immune responses. One way to achieve more efficient systemic oncolytic virus delivery is through better protection against neutralization by several components of the host immune system. Carrier cells, which can even have innate tumor tropism, have shown their appropriateness as effective vehicles for systemic oncolytic virus infection through circumventing restrictive features of the immune system and can warrant oncolytic virus delivery to tumors. In this overview, we summarize promising results from studies in which carrier cells have shown their usefulness for improved systemic oncolytic virus delivery and better oncolytic virus therapy against lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giti Esmail Nia
- Faculty of Allied Medicine, Cellular and Molecular Research Centre, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Basic Oncology, Health Institute of Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Elahe Nikpayam
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
| | | | - Azam Bolhassani
- Department of Hepatitis and AIDS, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ralph Meuwissen
- Department of Basic Oncology, Health Institute of Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
- Ege University Translational Pulmonary Research Center (EgeSAM), Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
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2
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Mulcrone PL, Herzog RW, Xiao W. Adding recombinant AAVs to the cancer therapeutics mix. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2022; 27:73-88. [PMID: 36321134 PMCID: PMC9588955 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2022.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene therapy is a powerful biological tool that is reshaping therapeutic landscapes for several diseases. Researchers are using both non-viral and viral-based gene therapy methods with success in the lab and the clinic. In the cancer biology field, gene therapies are expanding treatment options and the possibility of favorable outcomes for patients. While cellular immunotherapies and oncolytic virotherapies have paved the way in cancer treatments based on genetic engineering, recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV), a viral-based module, is also emerging as a potential cancer therapeutic through its malleability, specificity, and broad application to common as well as rare tumor types, tumor microenvironments, and metastatic disease. A wide range of AAV serotypes, promoters, and transgenes have been successful at reducing tumor growth and burden in preclinical studies, suggesting more groundbreaking advances using rAAVs in cancer are on the horizon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick L. Mulcrone
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Roland W. Herzog
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Weidong Xiao
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA,Corresponding author Weidong Xiao, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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Cheng G, Dong H, Yang C, Liu Y, Wu Y, Zhu L, Tong X, Wang S. A review on the advances and challenges of immunotherapy for head and neck cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:406. [PMID: 34332576 PMCID: PMC8325213 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02024-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancer (HNC), which includes lip and oral cavity, larynx, nasopharynx, oropharynx, and hypopharynx malignancies, is one of the most common cancers worldwide. Due to the interaction of tumor cells with immune cells in the tumor microenvironment, immunotherapy of HNCs, along with traditional treatments such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery, has attracted much attention. Four main immunotherapy strategies in HNCs have been developed, including oncolytic viruses, monoclonal antibodies, chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR-T cells), and therapeutic vaccines. Oncorine (H101), an approved oncolytic adenovirus in China, is the pioneer of immunotherapy for the treatment of HNCs. Pembrolizumab and nivolumab are mAbs against PD-L1 that have been approved for recurrent and metastatic HNC patients. To date, several clinical trials using immunotherapy agents and their combination are under investigation. In this review, we summarize current the interaction of tumor cells with immune cells in the tumor microenvironment of HNCs, the main strategies that have been applied for immunotherapy of HNCs, obstacles that hinder the success of immunotherapies in patients with HNCs, as well as solutions for overcoming the challenges to enhance the response of HNCs to immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Cheng
- Department of Stomatology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, China.,Department of Stomatology, Bengbu Medical College, 2600 Donghai Avenue, Bengbu, 233030, China
| | - Hui Dong
- Department of Stomatology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, China.,Department of Stomatology, Bengbu Medical College, 2600 Donghai Avenue, Bengbu, 233030, China
| | - Chen Yang
- Department of Ultrasonography, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Ultrasonography, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Yi Wu
- Phase I Clinical Research Center, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Lifen Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,Molecular Diagnosis Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiangmin Tong
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,Molecular Diagnosis Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shibing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China. .,Molecular Diagnosis Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China.
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4
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Neulinger-Muñoz M, Schaack D, Grekova SP, Bauer AS, Giese T, Salg GA, Espinet E, Leuchs B, Heller A, Nüesch JPF, Schenk M, Volkmar M, Giese NA. Human Retrotransposons and the Global Shutdown of Homeostatic Innate Immunity by Oncolytic Parvovirus H-1PV in Pancreatic Cancer. Viruses 2021; 13:v13061019. [PMID: 34071585 PMCID: PMC8228339 DOI: 10.3390/v13061019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the oncolytic parvovirus H-1PV has entered clinical trials, predicting therapeutic success remains challenging. We investigated whether the antiviral state in tumor cells determines the parvoviral oncolytic efficacy. The interferon/interferon-stimulated genes (IFN/ISG)-circuit and its major configurator, human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs), were evaluated using qRT-PCR, ELISA, Western blot, and RNA-Seq techniques. In pancreatic cancer cell lines, H-1PV caused a late global shutdown of innate immunity, whereby the concomitant inhibition of HERVs and IFN/ISGs was co-regulatory rather than causative. The growth-inhibitory IC50 doses correlated with the power of suppression but not with absolute ISG levels. Moreover, H-1PV was not sensitive to exogenous IFN despite upregulated antiviral ISGs. Such resistance questioned the biological necessity of the oncotropic ISG-shutdown, which instead might represent a surrogate marker for personalized oncolytic efficacy. The disabled antiviral homeostasis may modify the activity of other viruses, as demonstrated by the reemergence of endogenous AluY-retrotransposons. This way of suppression may compromise the interferogenicity of drugs having gemcitabine-like mechanisms of action. This shortcoming in immunogenic cell death induction is however amendable by immune cells which release IFN in response to H-1PV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Neulinger-Muñoz
- Department of Surgery, European Pancreas Center, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (M.N.-M.); (S.P.G.); (G.A.S.); (A.H.); (M.S.)
| | - Dominik Schaack
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Svetlana P. Grekova
- Department of Surgery, European Pancreas Center, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (M.N.-M.); (S.P.G.); (G.A.S.); (A.H.); (M.S.)
| | - Andrea S. Bauer
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Functional Genome Analysis, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Thomas Giese
- Institute of Immunology and German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Heidelberg, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Gabriel A. Salg
- Department of Surgery, European Pancreas Center, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (M.N.-M.); (S.P.G.); (G.A.S.); (A.H.); (M.S.)
| | - Elisa Espinet
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
- HI-STEM—Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine GmbH, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Barbara Leuchs
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Tumor Virology, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Anette Heller
- Department of Surgery, European Pancreas Center, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (M.N.-M.); (S.P.G.); (G.A.S.); (A.H.); (M.S.)
| | - Jürg P. F. Nüesch
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Virus-Associated Carcinogenesis F170, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Miriam Schenk
- Department of Surgery, European Pancreas Center, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (M.N.-M.); (S.P.G.); (G.A.S.); (A.H.); (M.S.)
| | - Michael Volkmar
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Molecular Oncology of Gastrointestinal Tumors, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Nathalia A. Giese
- Department of Surgery, European Pancreas Center, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (M.N.-M.); (S.P.G.); (G.A.S.); (A.H.); (M.S.)
- Correspondence:
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5
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Emmanuel SN, Mietzsch M, Tseng YS, Smith JK, Agbandje-McKenna M. Parvovirus Capsid-Antibody Complex Structures Reveal Conservation of Antigenic Epitopes Across the Family. Viral Immunol 2020; 34:3-17. [PMID: 32315582 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2020.0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The parvoviruses are small nonenveloped single stranded DNA viruses that constitute members that range from apathogenic to pathogenic in humans and animals. The infection with a parvovirus results in the generation of antibodies against the viral capsid by the host immune system to eliminate the virus and to prevent re-infection. For members currently either being developed as delivery vectors for gene therapy applications or as oncolytic biologics for tumor therapy, efforts are aimed at combating the detrimental effects of pre-existing or post-treatment antibodies that can eliminate therapeutic benefits. Therefore, understanding antigenic epitopes of parvoviruses can provide crucial information for the development of vaccination applications and engineering novel capsids able to escape antibody recognition. This review aims to capture the information for the binding regions of ∼30 capsid-antibody complex structures of different parvovirus capsids determined to date by cryo-electron microscopy and three-dimensional image reconstruction. The comparison of all complex structures revealed the conservation of antigenic regions among parvoviruses from different genera despite low sequence identity and indicates that the available data can be used across the family for vaccine development and capsid engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanan N Emmanuel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Mario Mietzsch
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Yu Shan Tseng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - James Kennon Smith
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Mavis Agbandje-McKenna
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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6
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Jayawardena N, Poirier JT, Burga LN, Bostina M. Virus-Receptor Interactions and Virus Neutralization: Insights for Oncolytic Virus Development. Oncolytic Virother 2020; 9:1-15. [PMID: 32185149 PMCID: PMC7064293 DOI: 10.2147/ov.s186337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are replication competent agents that selectively target cancer cells. After penetrating the tumor cell, viruses replicate and eventually trigger cell lysis, releasing the new viral progeny, which at their turn will attack and kill neighbouring cells. The ability of OVs to self-amplify within the tumor while sparing normal cells can provide several advantages including the capacity to encode and locally produce therapeutic protein payloads, and to prime the host immune system. OVs targeting of cancer cells is mediated by host factors that are differentially expressed between normal tissue and tumors, including viral receptors and internalization factors. In this review article, we will discuss the evolution of oncolytic viruses that have reached the stage of clinical trials, their mechanisms of oncolysis, cellular receptors, strategies for targeting cancers, viral neutralization and developments to bypass virus neutralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadishka Jayawardena
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - John T Poirier
- Department of Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Laura N Burga
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Mihnea Bostina
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Otago Micro and Nano Imaging, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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7
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Antiangiogenic Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-Blocking Peptides Displayed on the Capsid of an Infectious Oncolytic Parvovirus: Assembly and Immune Interactions. J Virol 2019; 93:JVI.00798-19. [PMID: 31315994 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00798-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
As many tumor cells synthetize vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF) that promote neo-vascularization and metastasis, frontline cancer therapies often administer anti-VEGF (α-VEGF) antibodies. To target the oncolytic parvovirus minute virus of mice (MVM) to the tumor vasculature, we studied the functional tolerance, evasion of neutralization, and induction of α-VEGF antibodies of chimeric viruses in which the footprint of a neutralizing monoclonal antibody within the 3-fold capsid spike was replaced by VEGF-blocking peptides: P6L (PQPRPL) and A7R (ATWLPPR). Both peptides allowed viral genome replication and nuclear translocation of chimeric capsid subunits. MVM-P6L efficiently propagated in culture, exposing the heterologous peptide on the capsid surface, and evaded neutralization by the anti-spike monoclonal antibody. In contrast, MVM-A7R yielded low infectious titers and was poorly recognized by an α-A7R monoclonal antibody. MVM-A7R showed a deficient assembly pattern, suggesting that A7R impaired a transitional configuration that the subunits must undergo in the 3-fold axis to close up the capsid shell. The MVM-A7R chimeric virus consistently evolved in culture into a mutant carrying the P6Q amino acid substitution within the A7R sequence, which restored normal capsid assembly and infectivity. Consistent with this finding, anti-native VEGF antibodies were induced in mice by a single injection of MVM-A7R empty capsids, but not by MVM-A7R virions. This fundamental study provides insights to endow an infectious parvovirus with immune antineovascularization and evasion capacities by replacing an antibody footprint in the capsid 3-fold axis with VEGF-blocking peptides, and it also illustrates the evolutionary capacity of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) viruses to overcome engineered capsid structural restrictions.IMPORTANCE Targeting the VEGF signaling required for neovascularization by vaccination with chimeric capsids of oncolytic viruses may boost therapy for solid tumors. VEGF-blocking peptides (VEbp) engineered in the capsid 3-fold axis endowed the infectious parvovirus MVM with the ability to induce α-VEGF antibodies without adjuvant and to evade neutralization by MVM-specific antibodies. However, these properties may be compromised by structural restraints that the capsid imposes on the peptide configuration and by misassembly caused by the heterologous peptides. Significantly, chimeric MVM-VEbp resolved the structural restrictions by selecting mutations within the engineered peptides that restored efficient capsid assembly. These data show the promise of antineovascularization vaccines using chimeric VEbp-icosahedral capsids of oncolytic viruses but also raise safety concerns regarding the genetic stability of manipulated infectious parvoviruses in cancer and gene therapies.
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8
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Angelova A, Rommelaere J. Immune System Stimulation by Oncolytic Rodent Protoparvoviruses. Viruses 2019; 11:E415. [PMID: 31060205 PMCID: PMC6563271 DOI: 10.3390/v11050415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Rodent protoparvoviruses (PVs), parvovirus H-1 (H-1PV) in particular, are naturally endowed with oncolytic properties. While being historically described as agents that selectively replicate in and kill cancer cells, recent yet growing evidence demonstrates that these viruses are able to reverse tumor-driven immune suppression through induction of immunogenic tumor cell death, and the establishment of antitumorigenic, proinflammatory milieu within the tumor microenvironment. This review summarizes the most important preclinical proofs of the interplay and the cooperation between PVs and the host immune system. The molecular mechanisms of PV-induced immunostimulation are also discussed. Furthermore, initial encouraging in-human observations from clinical trials and compassionate virus uses are presented, and speak in favor of further H-1PV clinical development as partner drug in combined immunotherapeutic protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assia Angelova
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Jean Rommelaere
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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9
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Maroun J, Muñoz-Alía M, Ammayappan A, Schulze A, Peng KW, Russell S. Designing and building oncolytic viruses. Future Virol 2017; 12:193-213. [PMID: 29387140 PMCID: PMC5779534 DOI: 10.2217/fvl-2016-0129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are engineered and/or evolved to propagate selectively in cancerous tissues. They have a dual mechanism of action; direct killing of infected cancer cells cross-primes anticancer immunity to boost the killing of uninfected cancer cells. The goal of the field is to develop OVs that are easily manufactured, efficiently delivered to disseminated sites of cancer growth, undergo rapid intratumoral spread, selectively kill tumor cells, cause no collateral damage and pose no risk of transmission in the population. Here we discuss the many virus engineering strategies that are being pursued to optimize delivery, intratumoral spread and safety of OVs derived from different virus families. With continued progress, OVs have the potential to transform the paradigm of cancer care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Maroun
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Miguel Muñoz-Alía
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Arun Ammayappan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Autumn Schulze
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Kah-Whye Peng
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Stephen Russell
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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10
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Roy D, Power A, Bourgeois-Daigneault M, Falls T, Ferreira L, Stern A, Tanese de Souza C, McCart J, Stojdl D, Lichty B, Atkins H, Auer R, Bell J, Le Boeuf F. Programmable insect cell carriers for systemic delivery of integrated cancer biotherapy. J Control Release 2015; 220:210-221. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Marchini A, Bonifati S, Scott EM, Angelova AL, Rommelaere J. Oncolytic parvoviruses: from basic virology to clinical applications. Virol J 2015; 12:6. [PMID: 25630937 PMCID: PMC4323056 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-014-0223-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulated evidence gathered over recent decades demonstrated that some members of the Parvoviridae family, in particular the rodent protoparvoviruses H-1PV, the minute virus of mice and LuIII have natural anticancer activity while being nonpathogenic to humans. These studies have laid the foundations for the launch of a first phase I/IIa clinical trial, in which the rat H-1 parvovirus is presently undergoing evaluation for its safety and first signs of efficacy in patients with glioblastoma multiforme. After a brief overview of the biology of parvoviruses, this review focuses on the studies which unraveled the antineoplastic properties of these agents and supported their clinical use as anticancer therapeutics. Furthermore, the development of novel parvovirus-based anticancer strategies with enhanced specificity and efficacy is discussed, in particular the development of second and third generation vectors and the combination of parvoviruses with other anticancer agents. Lastly, we address the key challenges that remain towards a more rational and efficient use of oncolytic parvoviruses in clinical settings, and discuss how a better understanding of the virus life-cycle and of the cellular factors involved in virus infection, replication and cytotoxicity may promote the further development of parvovirus-based anticancer therapies, open new prospects for treatment and hopefully improve clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Marchini
- Infection and Cancer Program, Tumor Virology Division (F010), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 242, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Serena Bonifati
- Infection and Cancer Program, Tumor Virology Division (F010), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 242, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Eleanor M Scott
- Infection and Cancer Program, Tumor Virology Division (F010), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 242, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Assia L Angelova
- Infection and Cancer Program, Tumor Virology Division (F010), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 242, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Jean Rommelaere
- Infection and Cancer Program, Tumor Virology Division (F010), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 242, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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12
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13
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Aptamer-facilitated Protection of Oncolytic Virus from Neutralizing Antibodies. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2014; 3:e167. [PMID: 24892725 PMCID: PMC4078759 DOI: 10.1038/mtna.2014.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses promise to significantly improve current cancer treatments through their tumor-selective replication and multimodal attack against cancer cells. However, one of the biggest setbacks for oncolytic virus therapy is the intravenous delivery of the virus, as it can be cleared from the bloodstream by neutralizing antibodies before it reaches the tumor cells. We have selected DNA aptamers against an oncolytic virus, vesicular stomatitis virus, using a competitive binding approach, as well as against the antigen binding fragment (Fab) of antivesicular stomatitis virus polyclonal antibodies, in order to shield the virus from nAbs and enhance its in vivo survival. We used flow cytometry to identify these aptamers and evaluated their efficiency to shield vesicular stomatitis virus in a cell-based plaque forming assay. These oligonucleotides were then modified to obtain multivalent binders, which led to a decrease of viral aggregation, an increase in its infectivity and an increase in its stability in serum. The aptamers were also incubated in nondiluted serum, showing their effectiveness under conditions mimicking those in vivo. With this approach, we were able to increase viral infectivity by more than 70% in the presence of neutralizing antibodies. Thus, this method has the potential to enhance the delivery of vesicular stomatitis virus through the bloodstream without compromising the patient's immune system.
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14
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Vollmers EM, Tattersall P. Distinct host cell fates for human malignant melanoma targeted by oncolytic rodent parvoviruses. Virology 2013; 446:37-48. [PMID: 24074565 PMCID: PMC3811133 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2013.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Revised: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The rodent parvoviruses are known to be oncoselective, and lytically infect many transformed human cells. Because current therapeutic regimens for metastatic melanoma have low response rates and have little effect on improving survival, this disease is a prime candidate for novel approaches to therapy, including oncolytic parvoviruses. Screening of low-passage, patient-derived melanoma cell lines for multiplicity-dependent killing by a panel of five rodent parvoviruses identified LuIII as the most melanoma-lytic. This property was mapped to the LuIII capsid gene, and an efficiently melanoma tropic chimeric virus shown to undergo three types of interaction with primary human melanoma cells: (1) complete lysis of cultures infected at very low multiplicities; (2) acute killing resulting from viral protein synthesis and DNA replication, without concomitant expansion of the infection, due to failure to export progeny virions efficiently; or (3) complete resistance that operates at an intracellular step following virion uptake, but preceding viral transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen M. Vollmers
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Yale University Medical School, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510
- Department of Genetics, Yale University Medical School, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510
| | - Peter Tattersall
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University Medical School, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510
- Department of Genetics, Yale University Medical School, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510
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The use of hypoxic cultured mesenchymal stem cell for oncolytic virus therapy. Cancer Gene Ther 2013; 20:308-16. [PMID: 23618949 DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2013.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The safety of oncolytic viruses, such as conditionally replicative adenoviruses (CRAds), has been validated in clinical trials for cancer therapy. Their antitumor efficacy is limited by the presence of preexisting neutralizing antibodies (NAbs). Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are attractive as a cellular vehicle to carry antitumor agents, not only because they are easily obtained and expanded to great numbers in vitro, but also because of their ability to migrate and engraft to tumors. MSCs expanded under hypoxic conditions decrease in replicative senescence and increase in proliferation capacity and differentiation potentials. However it remains to be clarified whether these hypoxic MSCs also are good carriers for the delivery of CRAds to tumor cells in the presence of NAbs. This study firstly demonstrated hypoxic MSCs with an increased ability to migrate toward tumors through the upregulation of chemokine receptors, such as CXCR4 and CX3CR1. It is then demonstrated that hypoxic MSCs has the capacity to carry CRAds, without inducing apoptosis, for up to one week. Using an in vitro coculture with human colon cancer cells and with intraperitoneally (i.p.) and subcutaneously (s.c.) developed human colon cancer xenografts, it is demonstrated that hypoxic MSCs are able to protect CRAds from attack by NAbs, thereby successfully delivering them to the target tumor cells. These results show that hypoxic MSCs can serve as cell carriers for CRAds and may help to develop new strategies against cancer.
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Kubo T, Shimose S, Matsuo T, Fujimori J, Sakaguchi T, Yamaki M, Shinozaki K, Woo SLC, Ochi M. Oncolytic vesicular stomatitis virus administered by isolated limb perfusion suppresses osteosarcoma growth. J Orthop Res 2011; 29:795-800. [PMID: 21437961 DOI: 10.1002/jor.21307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2010] [Accepted: 10/08/2010] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A significant limitation to oncolytic virotherapy in vivo is the lack of a clinically relevant means of delivering the virus. We evaluated the oncolytic activity of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) in human osteosarcoma cells and explored isolated limb perfusion (ILP) as a novel oncolytic virus delivery system to extremity sarcoma in immune-competent rats. Human and rat osteosarcoma cells transduced with rVSV-lacZ uniformly expressed β-gal. VSV was fully capable of replicating its RNA genome in all osteosarcoma cell lines, and efficiently killed them in time- and dose-dependent manners, whereas normal bone marrow stromal cells were refractory to the virus. VSV delivered by ILP inhibited growth of osteosarcoma xenografts more potently than that injected intravenously and intratumorally in the hind limb of immune-competent rats. Histopathological sections of tumor lesions treated by ILP-delivered VSV showed positive for VSV-G protein. There were no VSV-G expressions in perfused leg muscle, nonperfused leg muscle, brain, lung, and liver in VSV-treated rats. Our findings show efficient VSV gene expression and replication in osteosarcoma cells, suggesting that osteosarcoma may be a promising target for oncolytic virotherapy with VSV. Furthermore, we firstly showed that ILP of VSV against extremity sarcoma caused antitumor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadahiko Kubo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan.
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Lang SI, Kottke T, Thompson J, Vile RG. Unbiased selection of bone marrow derived cells as carriers for cancer gene therapy. J Gene Med 2008; 9:927-37. [PMID: 17721895 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.1089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is currently great interest in development of cell-based carriers for delivery of viral vectors to metastatic tumors. To date, several cell carriers have been tested based largely upon their predicted tumor-localizing properties. However, cell types may exist which can be mobilized from the circulation by a tumor which have not yet been identified. Here we use an unbiased screen of bone marrow (BM) cells to identify cells which localize to tumors and which might serve as effective candidate cell carriers without any prior prediction or selection. METHODS Unsorted BM cells from green fluorescent protein (GFP)-transgenic donor mice were adoptively transferred into C57Bl/6 mice bearing pre-established subcutaneous B16 melanoma tumors. Forty-eight hours and eight days later, tumors, organs and blood were analyzed for GFP-expressing cells by flow cytometry. The phenotype of GFP cells in organs was determined by co-staining with specific cell surface markers. RESULTS CD45(+) hematopoietic cells were readily detected in tumor, spleen, bone marrow, blood and lung at both time points. Within these CD45(+) cell populations, preferential accumulation in the tumor was observed of cells expressing Sca-1, c-kit, NK1.1, Thy1.2, CD14, Mac-3 and/or CD11c. Lymphodepletion increased homing to spleen and bone marrow, but not to tumors. CONCLUSIONS We have used an in vivo screen to identify populations of BM-derived donor cells which accumulate within tumors. These studies will direct rational selection of specific cell types which can be tested in standardized assays of cell carrier efficiency for the treatment of metastatic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne I Lang
- Molecular Medicine Program, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Power AT, Bell JC. Cell-based delivery of oncolytic viruses: a new strategic alliance for a biological strike against cancer. Mol Ther 2007; 15:660-5. [PMID: 17264852 DOI: 10.1038/sj.mt.6300098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent years have seen tremendous advances in the development of exquisitely targeted replicating virotherapeutics that can safely destroy malignant cells. Despite this promise, clinical advancement of this powerful and unique approach has been hindered by vulnerability to host defenses and inefficient systemic delivery. However, it now appears that delivery of oncolytic viruses within carrier cells may offer one solution to this critical problem. In this review, we compare the advantages and limitations of the numerous cell lineages that have been investigated as delivery platforms for viral therapeutics, and discuss examples showing how combined cell-virus biotherapeutics can be used to achieve synergistic gains in antitumor activity. Finally, we highlight avenues for future preclinical research that might be taken in order to refine cell-virus biotherapeutics in preparation for human trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony T Power
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Health Research Institute, Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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