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Prajapati A, Yadav RK, Shahin R, Shukla R, Mishra S, Singh S, Yadav S, Baeg JO, Singhal R, Gupta NK, Ali MS, Yadav KK. Synergistic effects of covalently coupled eosin-Y with B en-graphitic carbon nitride framework for improved photocatalytic activity in solar light-driven Biginelli product generation and NADH regeneration. Photochem Photobiol 2024. [PMID: 38943225 DOI: 10.1111/php.13986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
Elevated global pollution level is the prime reason that contributes to the onset of various harmful health diseases. The products of Biginelli reaction are enormously used in the pharmaceutical industry as they have antiviral, antibacterial, and calcium channel modulation abilities. This work reports a novel eosin Y sensitized boron graphitic carbon nitride (EY-Ben-g-C3N4) as a photocatalyst that efficiently produced 3,4-dihydropyrimidine-2-(1H)-one by the Biginelli reaction of benzaldehyde, urea, and methyl acetoacetate. The photocatalyst EY-Ben-g-C3N4 showed a successful generation of 3,4-dihydropyrimidine-2-(1H)-one (Biginelli product) in good yield via photocatalysis which is an eco-friendly method and has facile operational process. In addition to the production of Biginelli products, the photocatalyst also showed a remarkable NADH regeneration of 81.18%. The incorporation of g-C3N4 with boron helps increase the surface area and the incorporation of eosin Y which is an inexpensive and non-toxic dye, and in Ben-g-C3N4, enhanced the light-harvesting capacity of the photocatalyst. The production of 3,4-dihydropyrimidine-2-(1H)-one and NADH by the EY-Ben-g-C3N4 photocatalyst is attributed to the requisite band gap, high molar absorbance, low rate of charge recombination, and increased capacity of the photocatalyst to harvest solar light energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anurag Prajapati
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology, Gorakhpur, India
| | - Rajesh K Yadav
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology, Gorakhpur, India
| | - Rehana Shahin
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology, Gorakhpur, India
| | - Ravindra Shukla
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology, Gorakhpur, India
| | - Shaifali Mishra
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology, Gorakhpur, India
| | - Satyam Singh
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology, Gorakhpur, India
| | - Suman Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Swami Shraddhanand College, Delhi University, New Delhi, India
| | - Jin-OoK Baeg
- Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Rajat Singhal
- Centre for Sustainable Technologies, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Navneet K Gupta
- Centre for Sustainable Technologies, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Mohd Sajid Ali
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Krishna Kumar Yadav
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Madhyanchal Professional University, Bhopal, India
- Environmental and Atmospheric Sciences Research Group, Scientific Research Center, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, Nasiriyah, Iraq
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2
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Desai NC, Khasiya AG, Jadeja DJ, Monapara JD, Jethawa AM, Dave BP, Sivan SK, Manga V, Mhaske PC, Chaudhary DR. Synthesis, Antifungal Ergosterol Inhibition, Antibiofilm Activities, and Molecular Docking on β-Tubulin and Sterol 14-Alpha Demethylase along with DFT-Based Quantum Mechanical Calculation of Pyrazole Containing Fused Pyridine-Pyrimidine Derivatives. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:37781-37797. [PMID: 37867649 PMCID: PMC10586022 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c01722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant fungal infections have become much more common in recent years, especially in immune-compromised patients. Therefore, researchers and pharmaceutical professionals have focused on the development of novel antifungal agents that can tackle the problem of resistance. In continuation to this, a novel series of pyrazole-bearing pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione derivatives (4a-4o) have been developed. These compounds have been screened against Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger, and Aspergillus clavatus. The synthesized compounds were characterized by well-known spectroscopic techniques, i.e., IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and mass spectrometry. In vitro antifungal results revealed that compound 4n showed activity against C. albicans having MIC value of 200 μg/mL. To know the plausible mode of action, the active derivatives were screened for anti-biofilm and ergosterol biosynthesis inhibition activities. The compounds 4h, 4j, 4k, and 4n showed greater ergosterol biosynthesis inhibition than the control DMSO. To comprehend how molecules interact with the receptor, studies of molecular docking of 4k and 4n have been performed on the homology-modeled protein of β-tubulin. The molecular docking revealed that the active compounds 4h, 4j, 4k, 4l, and 4n interacting with the active site amino acid of sterol 14-alpha demethylase (PDB ID: 5v5z) indicate one of the possible modes of action of ergosterol inhibition activity. The synthesized compounds 4c, 4e, 4h, 4i, 4j, 4k, 4l, and 4n inhibited biofilm formation and possessed the potential for anti-biofilm activity. DFT-based quantum mechanical calculations were carried out to optimize, predict, and compare the vibration modes of the molecule 4a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisheeth C. Desai
- Division
of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Mahatma Gandhi Campus, Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University, Bhavnagar, Gujarat 364002, India
| | - Ashvinkumar G. Khasiya
- Division
of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Mahatma Gandhi Campus, Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University, Bhavnagar, Gujarat 364002, India
| | - Dharmpalsinh J. Jadeja
- Division
of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Mahatma Gandhi Campus, Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University, Bhavnagar, Gujarat 364002, India
| | - Jahnvi D. Monapara
- Division
of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Mahatma Gandhi Campus, Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University, Bhavnagar, Gujarat 364002, India
| | - Aratiba M. Jethawa
- Division
of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Mahatma Gandhi Campus, Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University, Bhavnagar, Gujarat 364002, India
| | - Bharti P. Dave
- School
of Science, Indrashil University, Rajpur, Gujarat 382 740, India
| | - Sree Kanth Sivan
- Department
of Chemistry, University College for Women,
Osmania University, Koti, 500095 Hyderabad, India
| | - Vijjulatha Manga
- Department
of Chemistry, University College for Women,
Osmania University, Koti, 500095 Hyderabad, India
| | - Pravin C. Mhaske
- Post-Graduate
Department of Chemistry, S. P. Mandali’s
Sir Parashurambhau College, Tilak Road, Pune 411030, Maharashtra, India
| | - Doongar R. Chaudhary
- CSIR-Central
Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar 364002, Gujarat, India
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Hataminejad E, Ezabadi A, Shameli Akandi A. Novel synthesis of nano-amino acid-based ionic liquid and its application for preparing DHPMs and xanthenes under solvent-free conditions. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-022-04931-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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4
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Sánchez-Sancho F, Escolano M, Gaviña D, Csáky AG, Sánchez-Roselló M, Díaz-Oltra S, del Pozo C. Synthesis of 3,4-Dihydropyrimidin(thio)one Containing Scaffold: Biginelli-like Reactions. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15080948. [PMID: 36015096 PMCID: PMC9413519 DOI: 10.3390/ph15080948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The interest in 3,4-dihydropyrimidine-2(1H)-(thio)ones is increasing every day, mainly due to their paramount biological relevance. The Biginelli reaction is the classical approach to reaching these scaffolds, although the product diversity suffers from some limitations. In order to overcome these restrictions, two main approaches have been devised. The first one involves the modification of the conventional components of the Biginelli reaction and the second one refers to the postmodification of the Biginelli products. Both strategies have been extensively revised in this manuscript. Regarding the first one, initially, the modification of one of the components was covered. Although examples of modifications of the three of them were described, by far the modification of the keto ester counterpart was the most popular approach, and a wide variety of different enolizable carbonylic compounds were used; moreover, changes in two or the three components were also described, broadening the substitution of the final dihydropyrimidines. Together with these modifications, the use of Biginelli adducts as a starting point for further modification was also a very useful strategy to decorate the final heterocyclic structure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcos Escolano
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, University of Valencia, Avda Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Valencia, Spain; (M.E.); (D.G.); (M.S.-R.)
| | - Daniel Gaviña
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, University of Valencia, Avda Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Valencia, Spain; (M.E.); (D.G.); (M.S.-R.)
| | - Aurelio G. Csáky
- Instituto Pluridisciplinar, Universidad Complutense, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Moncloa, Paseo de Juan XXIII, 1, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - María Sánchez-Roselló
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, University of Valencia, Avda Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Valencia, Spain; (M.E.); (D.G.); (M.S.-R.)
| | - Santiago Díaz-Oltra
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, University of Valencia, Avda Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Valencia, Spain; (M.E.); (D.G.); (M.S.-R.)
- Correspondence: (S.D.-O.); (C.d.P.)
| | - Carlos del Pozo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, University of Valencia, Avda Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Valencia, Spain; (M.E.); (D.G.); (M.S.-R.)
- Correspondence: (S.D.-O.); (C.d.P.)
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Abstract
Bacterial resistance to antibiotics threatens our progress in healthcare, modern medicine, food production and ultimately life expectancy. Antibiotic resistance is a global concern, which spreads rapidly across borders and continents due to rapid travel of people, animals and goods. Derivatives of metabolically stable pyrazole nucleus are known for their wide range of pharmacological properties, including antibacterial activities. This review highlights recent reports of pyrazole derivatives targeting different bacterial strains focusing on the drug-resistant variants. Pyrazole derivatives target different metabolic pathways of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
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Marinescu M. Biginelli Reaction Mediated Synthesis of Antimicrobial Pyrimidine Derivatives and Their Therapeutic Properties. Molecules 2021; 26:6022. [PMID: 34641566 PMCID: PMC8512088 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26196022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance was one of the top priorities for global public health before the start of the 2019 coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19). Moreover, in this changing medical landscape due to COVID-19, finding new organic structures with antimicrobial and antiviral properties is a priority in current research. The Biginelli synthesis that mediates the production of pyrimidine compounds has been intensively studied in recent decades, especially due to the therapeutic properties of the resulting compounds, such as calcium channel blockers, anticancer, antiviral, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory or antioxidant compounds. In this review we aim to review the Biginelli syntheses reported recently in the literature that mediates the synthesis of antimicrobial compounds, the spectrum of their medicinal properties, and the structure-activity relationship in the studied compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Marinescu
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Biochemistry and Catalysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bucharest, Soseaua Panduri, 030018 Bucharest, Romania
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Desai NC, Vaghani HV, Jethawa AM, Khedkar VM. In silico molecular docking studies of oxadiazole and pyrimidine bearing heterocyclic compounds as potential antimicrobial agents. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2021; 354:e2100134. [PMID: 34169569 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202100134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Microbial resistance is a major problem faced by the scientific community. It has created an urgent need to develop antimicrobial agents with novel structures and mechanisms of action. With this aim, a series of novel 1,3,4-oxadiazoles bearing 3,4-dihydropyrimidine heterocyclic motifs 4a-l were designed and synthesized. One-pot Biginelli synthesis is pivotal due to the use of readily available chemicals, shorter reaction time, and ecofriendly synthesis with a good yield. The structures of the synthesized molecules were characterized and confirmed by infrared, 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), 13 C NMR, and mass spectroscopic techniques. The title compounds were screened against Gram-positive and -negative strains of bacteria and fungi using the Mueller-Hinton broth method. Compound 4d was found to be the most promising against Escherichia coli (12.5 µg/ml), whereas the same compound showed good activity against Staphylococcus aureus at a concentration of 50 µg/ml. Other compounds of the same series, 4c and 4h, displayed moderate activity against Streptococcus pyogenes at a concentration of 50 µg/ml. Furthermore, results of the antifungal activity tests revealed that compound 4i showed promising activity against all the strains of fungi, Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger, and Aspergillus clavatus, at concentrations of 100, 50, and 100 µg/ml, respectively. Molecular docking also showed that these compounds had a significant binding affinity (Glide docking score: -7.74 to -6.531) for DNA gyrase, engaging in a series of bonded and nonbonded interactions with residues lining the active site. The results of molecular docking study validated the experimental findings, thereby providing an initiation mark to optimize this motif using a structure-based drug design approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisheeth C Desai
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Mahatma Gandhi Campus, Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Hasit V Vaghani
- Department of Chemistry, Mehsana Urban Institute of Science, Ganpat University, Mehsana, Gujarat, India
| | - Aratiba M Jethawa
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Mahatma Gandhi Campus, Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Vijay M Khedkar
- School of Pharmacy, Vishwakarma University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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8
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Patel DB, Parmar JA, Patel SS, Naik UJ, Patel HD. Recent Advances in Ester Synthesis by Multi-Component Reactions (MCRs): A Review. CURR ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272825666210111111805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of ester-containing heterocyclic compounds via multicomponent
reaction is one of the preferable processes in synthetic organic chemistry and medicinal
chemistry. Compounds containing ester linkage have a wide range of biological applications
in the pharmaceutical field. Therefore, many methods have been developed for the synthesis
of these types of derivatives. However, some of them are carried out in the presence of toxic
solvents and catalysts, with lower yields, longer reaction times, low selectivities, and byproducts.
Thus, the development of new synthetic methods for ester synthesis is required in
medicinal chemistry. As we know, multicomponent reactions (MCRs) are a powerful tool for
the one-pot ester synthesis, so in this article, we have reviewed the recent developments in
ester synthesis. This work covers a selected explanation of methods via multicomponent reactions
to explore the methodological development in ester synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhaval B. Patel
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, 380009, Gujarat, India
| | - Jagruti A. Parmar
- K.K Shah Jarodwala Maninagar Science College, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, 380008, Gujarat, India
| | - Siddharth S. Patel
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, 380009, Gujarat, India
| | - Unnati J. Naik
- K.K Shah Jarodwala Maninagar Science College, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, 380008, Gujarat, India
| | - Hitesh D. Patel
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, 380009, Gujarat, India
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Vala RM, Sharma MG, Patel DM, Puerta A, Padrón JM, Ramkumar V, Gardas RL, Patel HM. Synthesis and in vitro study of antiproliferative benzyloxy dihydropyrimidinones. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2021; 354:e2000466. [PMID: 33586256 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202000466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we report on antiproliferative benzyloxy dihydropyrimidinones (DHPMs) produced by the Biginelli reaction of benzyloxy benzaldehyde, urea, and diverse 1,3-diones. The reaction was catalyzed by lanthanum triflate and completed within 1-1.5 h, with 74-97% yield. The antiproliferative assay was carried out for all synthesized dihydropyrimidinones against six human solid tumor cell lines. Six compounds showed good antiproliferative activity with GI50 values below 5 μM. Among all the synthesized compounds, the most potent derivative showed good antiproliferative activity against all cell lines with GI50 values in the range of 1.1-3.1 μM. These DHPMs comply with druglikeness. Furthermore, ADMET prediction and the effect of P-glycoprotein on the antiproliferative activity were also studied. Overall, our method allows eco-friendly access to benzyloxy DHPMs as potential anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruturajsinh M Vala
- Department of Chemistry, Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Mayank G Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Divyang M Patel
- Department of Chemistry, Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Adrián Puerta
- BioLab, Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica Antonio González (IUBO-AG), Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain
| | - José M Padrón
- BioLab, Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica Antonio González (IUBO-AG), Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain
| | - Venkatachalam Ramkumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ramesh L Gardas
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Hitendra M Patel
- Department of Chemistry, Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat, India
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Liu Y, Yang L, Liu B, Yin D, Dang Y, Yang X, Zou Q. One Pot Biginelli Synthesis of Novel 3,4-Dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones Catalyzed by Sulfamic Acid. ORG PREP PROCED INT 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00304948.2020.1816073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Liu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an, China
| | - Lan Yang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an, China
| | - Bin Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi Institute of International Trade and Commerce, Xi’an, China
| | - Dawei Yin
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an, China
| | - Yang Dang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an, China
| | - Xiaoming Yang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an, China
| | - Qian Zou
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an, China
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