Reactivity studies on 4-aminopyrones: Access to benzimidazole and benzimidazolone derivatives

Design and synthesis of 2-phenyl benzimidazole derivatives as VEGFR-2 inhibitors with anti-breast cancer activity

Three new series of 2-phenyl benzimidazole-based derivatives were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their in vitro cytotoxic activity against breast cancer (MCF-7) cell lines. Three compounds 8, 9, and 15 showed high cytotoxic activities, with IC₅₀ values of 3.37, 6.30, and 5.84 μM, respectively, while they showed comparable cytotoxicity to the standard drug doxorubicin against human normal cells, including nontumorigenic breast epithelial cell line (MCF-10F), skin fibroblast cell line (BJ), and lung fibroblast cell line (MRC-5). Six of the synthesized compounds were screened against vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2) where compounds 8, 9, 12, and 15 exhibited an outstanding potency in comparison with sorafenib, with IC₅₀ values of 6.7-8.9 nM. Molecular docking study assessed the good binding patterns of the most potent compounds with the reported conserved amino acids of VEGFR-2 active site.

Functionalized Benzimidazole Scaffolds: Privileged Heterocycle for Drug Design in Therapeutic Medicine

Benzimidazole derivatives are crucial structural scaffolds found in diverse libraries of biologically active compounds which are therapeutically useful agents in drug discovery and medicinal research. They are structural isosteres of naturally occurring nucleotides, which allows them to interact with the biopolymers of living systems. Hence, there is a need to couple the latest information with the earlier documentations to understand the current status of the benzimidazole nucleus in medicinal chemistry research. This present work unveils the benzimidazole core as a multifunctional nucleus that serves as a resourceful tool of information for synthetic modifications of old existing candidates in order to tackle drug resistance bottlenecks in therapeutic medicine. This manuscript deals with the recent advances in the synthesis of benzimidazole derivatives, the widespread biological activities as well as pharmacokinetic reports. These present them as a toolbox for fighting infectious diseases and also make them excellent candidates for future drug design.

Practical carbocatalysis by graphene oxide nanosheets in aqueous medium towards the synthesis of diversified dibenzo[1,4]diazepine scaffolds

Metal free green protocol in aqueous medium. Use of GO nanosheets as exclusive heterogeneous catalyst. Almost intact catalytic activity upto the 5th run. Mild reaction conditions preserve sensitive structural moeities.

Microwave-assisted synthesis in water: first one-pot synthesis of a novel class of polysubstituted benzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazines via intramolecular SNAr

A novel and straightforward one-pot synthesis protocol has been developed for the synthesis of benzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazines through intramolecular S_NAr, utilizing water as a green solvent and microwaves as an efficient green energy source.

Microwave-assisted multicomponent reaction in water leading to highly regioselective formation of benzo[f]azulen-1-ones

Microwave-assisted three-component reaction has been established for the regioselective synthesis of benzo[f]azulen-1-ones. The reaction was performed in aqueous media under microwave irradiation by using readily available and inexpensive starting materials. A total of 38 examples were examined to show a broad substrate scope and good overall yields (70-89%). The present new synthesis shows attractive green chemistry characteristics, such as the use of water as reaction media, concise one-pot conditions, short reaction periods (7-24 min), easy work-up/purification and reduced waste production without the use of any strong acids or metal promoters.

Synthesis and anti-bacterial activity of some novel 2-(6-fluorochroman-2-yl)-1-alkyl/acyl/aroyl-1H-benzimidazoles

Synthesis of some novel 2-(6-fluorochroman-2-yl)-1-alkyl/acyl/aroyl-1H-benzimidazoles by the condensation of o-phenylenediamine with 6-fluoro-3,4-dihydro-2H-chroman-2-carboxylic acid, and subsequent reactions with different types of electrophiles, have been reported. Some compounds exhibited promising anti-bacterial activity against Salmonella typhimurium; however, they showed poor activity against S. aureus. The biological activity against PDE IV for potential anti-asthamatic effect, and against DP-IV and PTP 1B for potential anti-diabetic effects was disappointing.