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Haas A, Laboe AA, McGinnis CG, Firebaugh ML, Shah J, Bardone-Cone AM, Pike KM, Taylor CB, Wilfley DE, Fitzsimmons-Craft EE. Adapting a mobile app to support patients with anorexia nervosa following post-acute care: perspectives from eating disorder treatment center stakeholders. Front Digit Health 2023; 5:1099718. [PMID: 37274762 PMCID: PMC10235779 DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2023.1099718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a harmful, life-threatening illness. Patients with severe AN often receive acute treatment but, upon discharge, experience high relapse rates. Evidence-based, outpatient treatment following acute care is critical to preventing relapse; however, numerous barriers (e.g., location, financial limitations, low availability of providers) preclude individuals from accessing treatment. mHealth technologies may help to address these barriers, but research on such digital approaches for those with AN is limited. Further, such technologies should be developed with all relevant stakeholder input considered from the outset. As such, the present study aimed to garner feedback from eating disorder (ED) treatment center providers on (1) the process of discharging patients to outpatient services, (2) their experiences with technology as a treatment tool, and (3) how future mHealth technologies may be harnessed to offer the most benefit to patients in the post-acute period. Methods Participants (N = 11, from 7 ED treatment centers across the United States) were interviewed. To analyze the data for this study, each interview was manually transcribed and analyzed using components of Braun and Clarke's six-phase thematic analysis framework (Braun & Clarke, 2006). Results Participants indicated proactively securing outpatient care for their patients, but mentioned several barriers their patients face in accessing evidence-based ED treatment. All participants had some experience using various technologies for treatment (e.g., teletherapy, self-monitoring apps), and mentioned a high level of interest in the development of a new app to be used by patients recently discharged from acute treatment for AN. Participants also offered suggestions of effective and relevant content for a potential app and adjunctive social networking component for post-acute care of AN. Discussion Overall, participants expressed positive attitudes toward the integration of an app into the care flow, suggesting the high potential benefit of harnessing technology to support individuals recovering from AN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anneliese Haas
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Agatha A. Laboe
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Claire G. McGinnis
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Marie-Laure Firebaugh
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Jillian Shah
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Anna M. Bardone-Cone
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Kathleen M. Pike
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - C. Barr Taylor
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- Center for m2Health, Palo Alto University, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Denise E. Wilfley
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
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Solimine S, Takeshita J, Goebert D, Lee J, Schultz B, Guerrero M, Tanael M, Pilar M, Fleming L, Kracher S, Lawyer L. Characteristics of Patients With Constant Observers. PSYCHOSOMATICS 2018; 59:67-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.psym.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Sachs K, Mehler PS. Medical complications of bulimia nervosa and their treatments. Eat Weight Disord 2016; 21:13-8. [PMID: 26166603 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-015-0201-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this article is to thoroughly review the medical complications associated with bulimia nervosa and their evidenced-based or typical treatments. METHODS A thorough review of medical literature to cull pertinent and best articles which guide the diagnosis and treatment of the medical complications of bulimia nervosa was performed. RESULTS There are many different medical complications of bulimia nervosa which are caused by the mode and frequency of purging. Some are fluid and electrolyte alterations from the utilized mode of purging and some are due to the local damaging effects of purging behaviors on those body sites. CONCLUSION Bulimia nervosa is a serious mental health disorder which has many medical complications associated with it. Most are reversible with treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Sachs
- ACUTE at Denver Health, 777 Bannock Street, Denver, CO, 80204, USA
| | - Philip S Mehler
- ACUTE at Denver Health, 777 Bannock Street, Denver, CO, 80204, USA. .,Eating Recovery Center, 7351 E Lowry Blvd, Suite 200, Denver, CO, 80230, USA.
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Rosen E, Sabel AL, Brinton JT, Catanach B, Gaudiani JL, Mehler PS. Liver dysfunction in patients with severe anorexia nervosa. Int J Eat Disord 2016; 49:151-8. [PMID: 26346046 DOI: 10.1002/eat.22436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Revised: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Evaluation of liver dysfunction in patients with severe anorexia nervosa (AN) has typically been limited to small case series. We report an investigation into the admission characteristics and clinical outcomes associated with liver dysfunction in a large cohort of adults hospitalized for medical stabilization of severe AN. METHODS We retrospectively evaluated electronic medical records to quantify the cumulative incidence of elevated aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). We compared mean (±SD), frequencies (%), and median (IQR) values of clinical covariates of interest by incidence of liver enzyme elevation. The study included 181 adults, admitted for medical stabilization of AN, from October 1, 2008 to December 31, 2013. RESULTS AST and ALT were mildly elevated in 27.6% of patients and severely elevated (more than three times the upper limit of normal) in 35.4% of patients. On admission, patients with severely elevated liver enzymes had a lower body mass index (BMI) (11.9 ± 1.8 kg/m(2) vs.13.3 ± 1.7 kg/m(2)), lower percentage ideal body weight (56.5% ± 7.7% vs. 63.5% ± 8.3%), and lower prealbumin (64% vs. 37%) compared with the rest of the cohort (p < 0.001). While hospitalized, patients with severely elevated liver enzymes more often developed hypoglycemia, hypophosphatemia, and experienced longer lengths of stay (p < 0.001). DISCUSSION Elevated liver enzymes are common in our patient population with severe AN. Liver enzymes reached near normal values by the time of discharge. Severely elevated liver enzymes were associated with a lower BMI and the development of hypoglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elissa Rosen
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado.,Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver Health, Denver, Colorado.,ACUTE Center for Eating Disorders at Denver Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Allison L Sabel
- Department of Patient Safety and Quality, Denver Health, Denver, Colorado.,Department of Biostatistics and Informatics Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - John T Brinton
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado.,Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver Health, Denver, Colorado.,ACUTE Center for Eating Disorders at Denver Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Brittany Catanach
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado.,Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Jennifer L Gaudiani
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado.,Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver Health, Denver, Colorado.,ACUTE Center for Eating Disorders at Denver Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Philip S Mehler
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado.,Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver Health, Denver, Colorado.,ACUTE Center for Eating Disorders at Denver Health, Denver, Colorado.,Eating Recovery Center, Denver, Colorado
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Westmoreland P, Krantz MJ, Mehler PS. Medical Complications of Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia. Am J Med 2016; 129:30-7. [PMID: 26169883 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2015.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Revised: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa are serious psychiatric illnesses related to disordered eating and distorted body images. They both have significant medical complications associated with the weight loss and malnutrition of anorexia nervosa, as well as from the purging behaviors that characterize bulimia nervosa. No body system is spared from the adverse sequelae of these illnesses, especially as anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa become more severe and chronic. We review the medical complications that are associated with anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa, as well as the treatment for the complications. We also discuss the epidemiology and psychiatric comorbidities of these eating disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mori J Krantz
- Cardiology Division, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, Colo; Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver
| | - Philip S Mehler
- Eating Recovery Center of Denver, Denver, Colo; Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver; ACUTE at Denver Health, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, Colo.
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Lee JL, Oh ES, Lee RW, Finucane TE. Serum Albumin and Prealbumin in Calorically Restricted, Nondiseased Individuals: A Systematic Review. Am J Med 2015; 128:1023.e1-22. [PMID: 25912205 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2015.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Revised: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Undernutrition is often suspected in patients when serum albumin or prealbumin levels are low. We asked whether these measures are indeed low in undernourished people if no inflammatory illness is present. METHODS We did a systematic review to identify otherwise healthy subjects who were severely nutrient-deprived due to poor access to food or unwillingness to eat. We excluded children and pregnant women. We tabulated available measures of nutrient intake, anthropometry, serum albumin and prealbumin, and, when available, changes in these measures during nutritional intervention. RESULTS In otherwise healthy subjects, serum albumin and prealbumin levels remained normal despite marked nutrient deprivation until the extremes of starvation, that is, body mass index <12 or more than 6 weeks of starvation. CONCLUSIONS In these otherwise healthy subjects, serum albumin and prealbumin levels are not "markers of nutritional status." The "markers" failed to identify subjects with severe protein-calorie malnutrition until extreme starvation. That is, they failed to identify healthy individuals who would benefit from nutrition support, becoming abnormal only when starvation was already obvious. In contrast, serum albumin and prealbumin levels are known to fall promptly with injury or illness regardless of nutrient intake. They are negative acute-phase reactants. When these measures are low in sick patients, this cannot be assumed to reflect nutritional deprivation. Decisions about nutrition support should be based on evidence of meaningful benefit from this treatment rather than on assessment of "nutritional markers."
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Lee
- Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md
| | - Esther S Oh
- Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md
| | - Rebecca W Lee
- Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md
| | - Thomas E Finucane
- Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md.
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Madden S, Miskovic-Wheatley J, Wallis A, Kohn M, Lock J, Le Grange D, Jo B, Clarke S, Rhodes P, Hay P, Touyz S. A randomized controlled trial of in-patient treatment for anorexia nervosa in medically unstable adolescents. Psychol Med 2015; 45:415-427. [PMID: 25017941 PMCID: PMC4301212 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291714001573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2013] [Revised: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a serious disorder incurring high costs due to hospitalization. International treatments vary, with prolonged hospitalizations in Europe and shorter hospitalizations in the USA. Uncontrolled studies suggest that longer initial hospitalizations that normalize weight produce better outcomes and fewer admissions than shorter hospitalizations with lower discharge weights. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of hospitalization for weight restoration (WR) to medical stabilization (MS) in adolescent AN. METHOD We performed a randomized controlled trial (RCT) with 82 adolescents, aged 12-18 years, with a DSM-IV diagnosis of AN and medical instability, admitted to two pediatric units in Australia. Participants were randomized to shorter hospitalization for MS or longer hospitalization for WR to 90% expected body weight (EBW) for gender, age and height, both followed by 20 sessions of out-patient, manualized family-based treatment (FBT). RESULTS The primary outcome was the number of hospital days, following initial admission, at the 12-month follow-up. Secondary outcomes were the total number of hospital days used up to 12 months and full remission, defined as healthy weight (>95% EBW) and a global Eating Disorder Examination (EDE) score within 1 standard deviation (s.d.) of published means. There was no significant difference between groups in hospital days following initial admission. There were significantly more total hospital days used and post-protocol FBT sessions in the WR group. There were no moderators of primary outcome but participants with higher eating psychopathology and compulsive features reported better clinical outcomes in the MS group. CONCLUSIONS Outcomes are similar with hospitalizations for MS or WR when combined with FBT. Cost savings would result from combining shorter hospitalization with FBT.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Madden
- Eating Disorder Service at The Sydney Children's Hospitals Network, Westmead, Australia
- Discipline of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Sydney, Australia
| | - J. Miskovic-Wheatley
- Eating Disorder Service at The Sydney Children's Hospitals Network, Westmead, Australia
- Westmead Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Australia
| | - A. Wallis
- Eating Disorder Service at The Sydney Children's Hospitals Network, Westmead, Australia
| | - M. Kohn
- Eating Disorder Service at The Sydney Children's Hospitals Network, Westmead, Australia
- Discipline of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Sydney, Australia
- Centre for Research into Adolescents’ Health (CRASH), Adolescent Medicine Unit, Westmead Hospital, Australia
| | - J. Lock
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, School of Medicine, Stanford University, USA
| | - D. Le Grange
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, The University of Chicago, USA
| | - B. Jo
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, School of Medicine, Stanford University, USA
| | - S. Clarke
- Centre for Research into Adolescents’ Health (CRASH), Adolescent Medicine Unit, Westmead Hospital, Australia
| | - P. Rhodes
- School of Psychology, The University of Sydney, Australia
| | - P. Hay
- Centre for Health Research, School of Medicine, The University of Western Sydney and School of Medicine, James Cook University, Australia
| | - S. Touyz
- School of Psychology, The University of Sydney, Australia
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Michihata N, Matsui H, Fushimi K, Yasunaga H. Comparison between enteral nutrition and intravenous hyperalimentation in patients with eating disorders: results from the Japanese diagnosis procedure combination database. Eat Weight Disord 2014; 19:473-8. [PMID: 25150426 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-014-0147-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Eating disorders (EDs) are some of the most common chronic disorders in adolescent girls, and have some of the worst prognoses among psychiatric diseases. However, reported data on mortality and morbidity of ED patients are scarce, and no previous studies have compared the short-term outcomes of enteral nutrition (EN) and intravenous hyperalimentation (IVH) in patients with EDs. METHOD Using the Diagnostic Procedure Combination database, a national inpatient database in Japan, we searched for ED patients who received EN or IVH. We investigated the backgrounds, complications, and in-hospital mortality for all ED patients. We compared the length of stay between the EN and IVH groups using the Cox regression model. In-hospital mortality was compared between the groups using propensity score matching and inverse probability weighting. RESULTS We identified 3,611 patients with EDs from 540 hospitals. The mean body mass index was 13.1 ± 1.9 kg/m(2); 41 (1.1 %) patients died. The mean length of stay was 61.7 days. Compared with the EN-alone group (n = 634), the IVH-alone group (n = 278) showed significantly higher proportions of sepsis (0.5 vs. 5.8 %; p < 0.001) and disseminated intravascular coagulation (0.5 vs. 2.9 %; p = 0.005). The Cox regression showed no significant difference in hospital discharge between the two groups. Propensity-matched analysis evidenced lower in-hospital mortality in the EN group than the IVH group (0.4 vs. 3.0 %; p = 0.019). DISCUSSION ED patients treated with IVH were significantly more likely to have higher in-hospital mortality and morbidity than those receiving EN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuaki Michihata
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Health Economics, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 1130033, Japan
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Management and treatment of eating disorders with severe medical complications on a psychiatric ward: a study of 9 inpatients in Japan. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2014; 36:291-5. [PMID: 24630897 DOI: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2014.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2014] [Revised: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe eating disorders inpatients with severe medical complications and elucidate the problems in managing them on a psychiatric ward. METHOD Of the 111 eating disorders patients hospitalized on our psychiatric ward from January 2005 to December 2012, 9 had eating disorders with severe medical complications. Through chart review and computerized data collection, we retrospectively evaluated patient clinical data. RESULT All 9 patients were women, with a mean age of 22.4±5.7 years, mean body weight of 26.2±3.0 kg, and mean body mass index of 10.5±1.5 on admission. Severe medical complications commonly seen were severe hypoglycemia, refeeding syndrome, coagulation abnormality, and severe liver dysfunction. Three patients died during hospitalization. All patients were managed mainly on the psychiatric ward despite their abnormally low body weight and severe medical complications. CONCLUSIONS Patients with eating disorders, although physically serious, often need to be managed on a psychiatric ward, even at the risk of providing less than ideal care for their physical complications. It is important to assess patient status both physically and psychologically and to select an appropriate therapeutic environment for safe and effective treatment.
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Palma RFM, Santos JED, Ribeiro RPP. Evolução nutricional de pacientes com transtornos alimentares: experiência de 30 anos de um Hospital Universitário. REV NUTR 2013. [DOI: 10.1590/s1415-52732013000600006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJETIVO: Descrever a evolução do estado nutricional e dos parâmetros bioquímicos de pacientes com anorexia nervosa e bulimia nervosa internados para tratamento durante seguimento em serviço especializado. MÉTODOS: Foram revisados todos os prontuários dos pacientes em seguimento pelo serviço de 1982 a 2011, que foram internados para tratamento. Dados sociodemográficos, peso, altura e exames bioquímicos foram coletados no início e final da internação. RESULTADOS: No período referido, 83 pacientes com diagnóstico de anorexia ou bulimia nervosa foram internados para tratamento. A maioria era do sexo feminino (95,2%) raça branca (94,0%), solteira (76,0%) e sem filhos (78,3%). O diagnóstico predominante foi de anorexia nervosa (85,5%), sobretudo em seu tipo restritivo (54,2%). O índice de massa corporal médio dos pacientes adultos (n=41) evoluiu de 16,53±4,9 para 17,47±4,3kg/m² (p<0,05). Para as crianças e adolescentes (n=38), passou de 13,78±2,57 para 15,11±2,99kg/m² (p<0,05). Os valores médios da maioria dos parâmetros bioquímicos estavam dentro do limite da normalidade e, apenas o betacaroteno, manteve-se em níveis médios acima da normalidade no início e final da internação. Os valores de albumina, hematócrito, lipoproteína de alta densidade e potássio melhoraram ao final da internação (p<0,05). CONCLUSÃO: A hospitalização integral, apesar das dificuldades e da complexidade inerentes ao tratamento dos transtornos alimentares, considerando-se principalmente a resistência frente à recuperação do peso, pode proporcionar melhoria no estado nutricional e normalização de diversos parâmetros bioquímicos.
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Sabel AL, Gaudiani JL, Statland B, Mehler PS. Hematological abnormalities in severe anorexia nervosa. Ann Hematol 2013; 92:605-13. [DOI: 10.1007/s00277-013-1672-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2012] [Accepted: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Palma RFM, Santos JED, Ribeiro RPP. Hospitalização integral para tratamento dos transtornos alimentares: a experiência de um serviço especializado. JORNAL BRASILEIRO DE PSIQUIATRIA 2013. [DOI: 10.1590/s0047-20852013000100005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJETIVO: Descrever as características da hospitalização integral para o tratamento de transtornos alimentares em um serviço especializado de Ribeirão Preto, SP. MÉTODOS: Foram revisados todos os prontuários dos pacientes em seguimento pelo serviço, de 1982 até 2011, especialmente aqueles que tiveram indicação de internação integral. Foram coletados dados sociodemográficos e referentes ao diagnóstico. RESULTADOS: No período referido, 186 pacientes receberam atendimento pelo serviço e, desses, 44,6% (n = 83) foram internados para tratamento. Ao longo do tempo, houve redução na relação atendimento/internação, passando de 77,7% para 36,2% dos casos. A média de internações foi de 1,9 ± 3,9 vezes, e 73,5% (n = 61) dos pacientes foram hospitalizados apenas uma vez. A duração média da internação, independentemente do número de hospitalizações, foi de 70,6 ± 115,9 dias (variação de 3 a 804 dias). A predominância foi do sexo feminino, raça branca, solteira, sem filhos e com idade média de 23,3 ± 10,8 anos. O diagnóstico predominante foi de anorexia nervosa (85,5%), sobretudo em seu tipo restritivo (54,2%). As indicações mais frequentes para internação foram para realização de terapia nutricional (50,9%), seguida da investigação do quadro clínico (30,1%) e por causa de depressão e/ou ideação suicida (10,9%). CONCLUSÃO: A hospitalização integral é uma modalidade terapêutica necessária para o tratamento desses quadros, e sua frequência foi considerada significativa, porém diminuiu ao longo do tempo. Esse resultado pode ser explicado pela tendência de desospitalização a partir da reforma psiquiátrica, do diagnóstico e tratamento mais precoces e da experiência adquirida pelos profissionais do serviço ao longo dos anos.
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Abstract
The EDE is a semistructured interview which has been developed as a measure of the specific psychopathology of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. To establish its discriminant validity it was administered to 100 patients with anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa and to 42 controls. The two groups differed significantly on all items. Five subscales were derived on rational grounds and evaluated on the two populations. The alpha coefficients for each subscale indicated a satisfactory degree of internal consistency. The EDE provides clinicians and research workers with a detailed and comprehensive profile of the psychopathological features of patients with eating disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Cooper
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital
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