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Abdul Rahman S, Ahmad NI, Mohd Salim RJ, Muhamad NJ, Omar Hamdan AS, Leong YH. A Scoping Review on Fungus and Mycotoxin Studies in the Building's Environment: Mycotoxin Analysis by Mass Spectrometry. Int J Anal Chem 2024; 2024:8581029. [PMID: 38312506 PMCID: PMC10838203 DOI: 10.1155/2024/8581029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
It has been well-established that mycotoxins are poisonous chemical metabolites secreted by certain molds. Some of them significantly affect the health of humans and livestock. Increasing attention is now being paid to uncovering and identifying mycotoxins' presence in the building's environment. However, the main challenge remains in suitable and reliable analytical methods for their identification and detection in infected structures. GC-MS and LC-MS/MS techniques have been used extensively for mycotoxin analysis, and advancement in these techniques enabled a more comprehensive range of mycotoxins to be detected. As such, this study aimed to address a brief overview of various phenomena of existing sample collection, preparation, and analysis to detect mycotoxins in the building's environment. This scoping review includes articles from 2010 to 2020 available from PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, Wiley, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect. Duplicate articles were removed, and exclusion criteria were applied to eliminate unrelated studies, resulting in 14 eligible articles. The present study provides an overview of mycotoxin analysis by GC-MS and LC-MS/MS in buildings. Many techniques are available for analyzing and detecting multiple mycotoxins using these methods. Future efforts would focus on rapid assays and tools enabling measuring a broader range of mycotoxins in a single matrix and lower detection limits. In addition, it would assist future findings on new techniques and mycotoxins that existed in the building's environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salina Abdul Rahman
- Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, No. 1, Jalan Setia Murni U13/52, Shah Alam 40170, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Izzah Ahmad
- Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, No. 1, Jalan Setia Murni U13/52, Shah Alam 40170, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Roshan Jahn Mohd Salim
- Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, No. 1, Jalan Setia Murni U13/52, Shah Alam 40170, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nur Jannaim Muhamad
- Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, No. 1, Jalan Setia Murni U13/52, Shah Alam 40170, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Anis Syuhada Omar Hamdan
- National Poison Centre of Malaysia, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Georgetown 11800, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Yin-Hui Leong
- National Poison Centre of Malaysia, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Georgetown 11800, Penang, Malaysia
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Damale RD, Dutta A, Shaikh N, Pardeshi A, Shinde R, Babu KD, Gaikwad NN, Banerjee K. Multiresidue analysis of pesticides in four different pomegranate cultivars: Investigating matrix effect variability by GC-MS/MS and LC-MS/MS. Food Chem 2023; 407:135179. [PMID: 36521392 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.135179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Matrix effect (ME) is unavoidable in multiresidue pesticide analysis, even when using highly advanced instruments, and differences in MEs can affect residue analytical accuracy due to pomegranate cultivar composition variations. However, literature to support this claim is limited.The study used GC-MS/MS and LC-MS/MS to investigate four different Indian pomegranate cultivar extracts and their MEs on multi-class pesticides.The whole fruit and arils of all cultivarswere tested for 22 GC-amenable and 21 LC-amenable pesticides. Principal component analysis of the data confirmed that each cultivar had unique MEs for each pesticide.The majority of pesticides showed acute variations in recovery rates with 95% confidence, while GC-MS/MS-amenablepesticides showed more variation. Although extrapolative dilution reduced the influence of MEs on analytical accuracy, a generalized matrix-matching for all cultivars was not possible to achieve.To reduce the variability in MEs, it is recommended that a cultivar-specific matrix-matched standard should be used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul D Damale
- National Reference Laboratory, ICAR-National Research Centre for Grapes, P.O. Manjri Farm, Pune 412307, India; ICAR-National Research Centre on Pomegranate, Solapur 413255, India
| | - Anirban Dutta
- Division of Agricultural Chemicals, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Nasiruddin Shaikh
- National Reference Laboratory, ICAR-National Research Centre for Grapes, P.O. Manjri Farm, Pune 412307, India
| | - Anita Pardeshi
- National Reference Laboratory, ICAR-National Research Centre for Grapes, P.O. Manjri Farm, Pune 412307, India
| | - Raviraj Shinde
- National Reference Laboratory, ICAR-National Research Centre for Grapes, P.O. Manjri Farm, Pune 412307, India
| | - K Dhinesh Babu
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Pomegranate, Solapur 413255, India
| | - Nilesh N Gaikwad
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Pomegranate, Solapur 413255, India
| | - Kaushik Banerjee
- National Reference Laboratory, ICAR-National Research Centre for Grapes, P.O. Manjri Farm, Pune 412307, India.
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Guo Q, Pan L, Qin Y, Xie F, Wang X, Zhao X, Chen L, Wang B, Cai J, Liu H. Combined use of analyte protectants and precolumn backflushing for a robust, high-throughput quantitative determination of aroma compounds in cigarette mainstream smoke by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.107121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Pszczolińska K, Kociołek B. The pesticide residue analysis in commodities with high content of chlorophyll based on the quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe method: A review. J Sep Sci 2021; 45:149-165. [PMID: 34347938 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
In multiresidue analysis, the QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe) is one of the most popular techniques routinely used by researchers during pesticide analysis of food and vegetable samples. Originally, the QuEChERS method was developed for analysis of pesticide residues from fruits and vegetables, but rapidly gained popularity in the extraction of analytes from different matrices. This analytical approach shows several advantages over traditional extraction techniques: it requires lower sample and solvent amounts while shortening the time of sample preparation. However, it presents some limitations for complex matrices such as those containing high amounts of chlorophyll. To overcome the problem of strong matrix effect and influence of interferences, different approaches are applied. Most are concerning modifications of the cleanup step, that is, sorbent type and its amount. Optimization of other parameters, such as sample size, hydration level, extraction solvent, and buffering, also has an impact on overall performance. Combining proper sample preparation with modern highly sensitive and selective detection techniques enables receiving desired limits of quantification. This article presents an overview of strategies employed by researchers for analysis of green, high chlorophyll content commodities and results obtained in their studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Pszczolińska
- Institute of Plant Protection - National Research Institute Branch Sośnicowice, Sośnicowice, Poland
| | - Barbara Kociołek
- Institute of Plant Protection - National Research Institute Branch Sośnicowice, Sośnicowice, Poland
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Lu XY, Ouyang YQ, Zeng WY, Lin CQ, Xiao LH, Luo GH, Zhan RT, Yan P. Effect of Pretreatment on Detection of 37 Pesticide Residues in Chrysanthemum indicum. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2021; 2021:8854025. [PMID: 34925934 PMCID: PMC8677409 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8854025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to develop a method, followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, for detecting 37 pesticides in Chrysanthemum indicum (C. indicum) and investigating the decrease in the matrix-induced enhancement effect. The influence of QuEChERS extraction and matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) on the recovery and matrix effect (ME) was compared. extraction and matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) on the recovery and matrix effect (ME) was compared to decrease the ME. The cleanup sorbents, volume and type of solvent, and treatment time were optimized. The accuracy (as recovery), precision (as relative standard deviation, RSD), linearity, limit of quantitation, and limit of detection were determined. The recoveries at the three levels using mixed standard solution ranged between 76% and 120% with RSD ≤15%, and 76% and 120% with RSD ≤11% for MSPD and QuEChERS extraction, respectively. The results suggested that the ME for 21 pesticides was in the range of 80%-120% after MSPD and 15% after QuEChERS extraction. QuEChERS extraction was simpler and faster than MSPD. This methodology was applied in the analysis of 27 C. indicum samples; phorate was most frequently detected (63.0% of the sample).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ying Lu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resources from Lingnan (Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Joint Laboratory of National Engineering Research Center for the Pharmaceutics of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yan-Qin Ouyang
- China Resources Sanjiu Medical & Pharmaceutical Co.,Ltd., Shenzhen 518110, China
| | - Wei-Ya Zeng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Cui-Qing Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resources from Lingnan (Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Joint Laboratory of National Engineering Research Center for the Pharmaceutics of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lu-Hua Xiao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resources from Lingnan (Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Joint Laboratory of National Engineering Research Center for the Pharmaceutics of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Gui-Hua Luo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resources from Lingnan (Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Joint Laboratory of National Engineering Research Center for the Pharmaceutics of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ruo-Ting Zhan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resources from Lingnan (Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Joint Laboratory of National Engineering Research Center for the Pharmaceutics of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ping Yan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resources from Lingnan (Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Joint Laboratory of National Engineering Research Center for the Pharmaceutics of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Noh HH, Kim CJ, Kwon H, Kim D, Moon BC, Baek S, Oh MS, Kyung KS. Optimized residue analysis method for broflanilide and its metabolites in agricultural produce using the QuEChERS method and LC-MS/MS. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0235526. [PMID: 33022005 PMCID: PMC7537868 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Since broflanilide is a newly developed pesticide, analytical methods are required to determine the corresponding pesticide residues in diverse crops and foods. In this study, a pesticide residue analysis method was optimized for the detection and quantification of broflanilide and its two metabolites, DM-8007 and S(PFH-OH)-8007, in brown rice, soybean, apple, green pepper, mandarin, and kimchi cabbage. Residue samples were extracted from the produce using QuEChERS acetate and citrate buffering methods and were purified by dispersive solid-phase extraction (d-SPE) using six different adsorbent compositions with varying amounts of primary secondary amine (PSA), C18, and graphitized carbon black. All the sample preparation methods gave low-to-medium matrix effects, as confirmed by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry using standard solutions and matrix-matched standards. In particular, the use of the citrate buffering method, in combination with purification by d-SPE using 25 mg of PSA and a mixture of other adsorbents, consistently gave low matrix effects that in the range from −18.3 to 18.8%. Pesticide recoveries within the valid recovery range 70–120% were obtained both with and without d-SPE purification using 25 mg of PSA and other adsorbents. Thus, the developed residue analysis method is viable for the determination of broflanilide and its metabolites in various crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Ho Noh
- Chemical Safety Division, Department of Agro-Food Safety and Crop Protection, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Jo Kim
- Chemical Safety Division, Department of Agro-Food Safety and Crop Protection, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeyoung Kwon
- Planning and Coordination Bureau, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Danbi Kim
- Chemical Safety Division, Department of Agro-Food Safety and Crop Protection, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
| | - Byeong-chul Moon
- Chemical Safety Division, Department of Agro-Food Safety and Crop Protection, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sujin Baek
- Chemical Safety Division, Department of Agro-Food Safety and Crop Protection, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-seok Oh
- Chemical Safety Division, Department of Agro-Food Safety and Crop Protection, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kee Sung Kyung
- Department of Environmental and Biological Chemistry, College of Agriculture, Life and Environment Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
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7
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Rodríguez-Ramos R, Lehotay SJ, Michlig N, Socas-Rodríguez B, Rodríguez-Delgado MÁ. Critical review and re-assessment of analyte protectants in gas chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1632:461596. [PMID: 33045497 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Despite nearly 80 years of advancements in gas chromatography (GC), indirect chemical matrix effects (MEs), known as the matrix-induced response enhancement effect, still occur to cause a high bias in the GC analysis of susceptible analytes, unless precautions are taken. Matrix-matched calibration is one common option used in GC to compensate for the MEs, but this approach is usually inconvenient, imprecise, and inefficient. Other options, such as the method of standard additions, surface deactivation techniques, chemical derivatizations, priming the GC, and/or use of internal standards, also have flaws in practice. When methods are accommodating, the use of analyte protectants (APs) can provide the best practical solution to not only overcome MEs, but also to maximize analyte signal by increasing chromatographic and detection efficiencies for the analytes. APs address the source of MEs in every injection by filling active sites in the GC inlet, column, and detector, particularly in GC-MS, rather than the analytes that would otherwise undergo degradation, peak tailing, and/or diminished response due to interactions with the active sites. The addition of an adequate amount of APs (e.g. sugar derivatives) to all calibration standards and final extracts alike often leads to lower detection limits, better accuracy, narrower peaks, and greater robustness than the other options to compensate for MEs in GC. This article consists of a critical review of the scientific literature, proposal of mechanisms and theory, and re-evaluation studies involving APs for the first time in GC-orbitrap and GC-MS/MS with a high-efficiency ion source design. The findings showed that 1 µg each of co-injected shikimic acid and sorbitol in the former case, and 1 µg shikimic acid alone in the latter case, led to high quality results in multi-residue analysis of pesticides and environmental contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Rodríguez-Ramos
- Departamento de Química, Unidad Departamental de Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL). Avenida Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez, s/n. 38206 San Cristóbal de La Laguna (Tenerife), España
| | - Steven J Lehotay
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA, 19038, USA.
| | - Nicolás Michlig
- Programa de Investigación y Análisis de Residuos y Contaminantes Químicos (PRINARC), Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Bárbara Socas-Rodríguez
- Laboratory of Foodomics, Institute of Food Science Research, CIAL, CSIC, Nicolás Cabrera 9, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Rodríguez-Delgado
- Departamento de Química, Unidad Departamental de Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL). Avenida Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez, s/n. 38206 San Cristóbal de La Laguna (Tenerife), España
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8
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Direct sample introduction GC-MS/MS for quantification of organic chemicals in mammalian tissues and blood extracted with polymers without clean-up. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:7295-7305. [PMID: 32803303 PMCID: PMC7497510 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02864-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Solvent extracts of mammalian tissues and blood contain a large amount of co-extracted matrix components, in particular lipids, which can adversely affect instrumental analysis. Clean-up typically degrades non-persistent chemicals. Alternatively, passive sampling with the polymer polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) has been used for a comprehensive extraction from tissue without altering the mixture composition. Despite a smaller fraction of matrix being co-extracted by PDMS than by solvent extraction, direct analysis of PDMS extracts was only possible with direct sample introduction (DSI) GC-MS/MS, which prevented co-extracted matrix components entering the system. Limits of quantitation (LOQ) ranged from 4 to 20 pg μL−1 ethyl acetate (PDMS extract) for pesticides and persistent organic pollutants (POPs). The group of organophosphorus flame retardants showed higher LOQs up to 107 pg μL−1 due to sorption to active sites at the injection system. Intraday precision ranged between 1 and 10%, while the range of interday precision was between 1 and 18% depending on the analyte. The method was developed using pork liver, brain, and fat as well as blood and was then applied to analyze human post-mortem tissues where polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) as well as dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and DDT metabolites were detected. Graphical abstract ![]()
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9
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Simultaneous determination of nine dinitroaniline herbicides in environmental samples using a validated vortex-assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction procedure coupled with GC–MS/MS. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-020-01075-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Collimore WA, Bent GA. A newly modified QuEChERS method for the analysis of organochlorine and organophosphate pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2020; 192:128. [PMID: 31965341 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-020-8072-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
A newly modified QuEChERS method was developed, validated, and tested in-house for the multiclass, multiresidue determination of organophosphate (OPP) and organochlorine pesticide (OCP) residues in fruits and vegetables. The method incorporated a solvent extraction with acetonitrile followed by partitioning with magnesium sulphate (MgSO4) and sodium chloride (NaCl). The final step involved a dispersive solid phase extraction (d-SPE) clean-up prior to gas chromatography with electron capture detection (GC-ECD) analysis. Apples and lettuce were the selected matrices for fruits and vegetables, respectively in the method development stages. Various combinations of sorbents were tested in the clean-up step. Florisil and MgSO4 (FM) d-SPE proved to be the best combination for the clean-up step for both OCPs and OPPs in both the fruit and vegetable matrices. Recovery values fell within the acceptable range of 70 to 120% (RSD ≤ 20%). The new method is unique as it employs the standard addition calibration technique for the quantification of OCP and OPP residues. Limit of detection, limit of quantification, linearity, recovery analysis, and repeatability were validation parameters used to evaluate the accuracy, precision, and ruggedness of the method. The newly modified QuEChERS method provides a cheaper alternative for the analysis of pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables as samples can be analysed at a fraction of the cost of the original QuEChERS method. The efficacy of the method was tested on several fruits and vegetables from the Central Division of Trinidad and Tobago. OCP and OPP residues were found in 61% of the samples, most of which were above the maximum residue limits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winnette A Collimore
- Department of Chemistry, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Grace-Anne Bent
- Department of Chemistry, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago.
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Abdallah O, El Agamy M, Abdelraheem E, Malhat F. Buprofezin dissipation and safety assessment in open field cabbage and cauliflower using GC/ITMS employing an analyte protectant. Biomed Chromatogr 2019; 33:e4492. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Osama Abdallah
- Department of Pesticide Residues and Environmental Pollution, Central Agricultural Pesticide, LaboratoryAgricultural Research Center Giza Egypt
- Food Safety Laboratory Buraydah Al‐Qassim Saudi Arabia
| | - Moustafa El Agamy
- Department of Soil Fertility and Plant NutritionSoil, Water and Environment Research Institute (SWERI), Agricultural Research Center Giza Egypt
| | - Ehab Abdelraheem
- Department of Pesticide Residues and Environmental Pollution, Central Agricultural Pesticide, LaboratoryAgricultural Research Center Giza Egypt
| | - Farag Malhat
- Department of Pesticide Residues and Environmental Pollution, Central Agricultural Pesticide, LaboratoryAgricultural Research Center Giza Egypt
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12
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Huertas-Pérez JF, Sejerøe-Olsen B, Gokcen T, Sandor F, Schimmel H, Dabrio M. Gas chromatography-isotope dilution mass spectrometry method validation for target pesticides in soybeans. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2019; 36:96-108. [PMID: 30543487 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2018.1538571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The production of certified reference materials requires the application of highly accurate methods for characterisation. A gas chromatography-isotope dilution mass spectrometry method, setting ambitious performance criteria, was developed for eight selected pesticides in soybeans. Pressurised liquid extraction was followed by automated gel-permeation chromatography and solid-phase extraction clean-up. Pesticides identification respected a Commission Decision and guidelines of the Directorate General for Health and Food Safety (DG SANTE). Reliable quantification involved stable isotopically labelled analogues as internal standards. Validation, according to ISO/IEC 17,025 and DG SANTE guidelines, assessed linearity, LOD/LOQ, trueness, selectivity, precision, stability and robustness. Mean recoveries ranges (83-109%, relative standard deviations < 3%), repeatability (2.2-4.8%), day-to-day variation (0.6-4.2%) and combined uncertainty (1.2-4.2%) were fit for purpose. The method is highly accurate and suitable for certification of the selected pesticides in soybean matrix reference material. Chemical compounds studied in this article: Diazinon (PubChem CID: 3017); malathion (PubChem CID: 4004); chlorpyrifos (PubChem CID: 2730); captan (PubChem CID: 8606); endosulfan (PubChem CID: 3224); tebuconazole (PubChem CID: 86,102); iprodione (PubChem CID: 37,517); cypermethrin (PubChem CID: 2912).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - B Sejerøe-Olsen
- a Joint Research Centre , European Commission , Geel , Belgium
| | - T Gokcen
- a Joint Research Centre , European Commission , Geel , Belgium
| | - F Sandor
- a Joint Research Centre , European Commission , Geel , Belgium
| | - H Schimmel
- a Joint Research Centre , European Commission , Geel , Belgium
| | - M Dabrio
- a Joint Research Centre , European Commission , Geel , Belgium
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13
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Tsuchiyama T, Katsuhara M, Sugiura J, Nakajima M, Yamamoto A. Combined use of a modifier gas generator, analyte protectants and multiple internal standards for effective and robust compensation of matrix effects in gas chromatographic analysis of pesticides. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1589:122-133. [PMID: 30635172 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.12.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In the analysis of pesticides performed with gas chromatography, the quantitative performance of measurements can be severely compromised by phenomena known as matrix effects. In seeking a solution to the problem of matrix effects, the application of a modifier gas generator (MGG) was investigated in this study, together with analyte protectants and multiple internal standards. Ethylene glycol (EG) was used as modifier gas and matrix effects in GCMS analysis were then evaluated by using the extracts of various food commodities. MGG was used in combination with other known methods of matrix effect compensation and its performance in reducing matrix effects tested. We have found that by combining MGG with conventional analyte protectants, matrix effects were substantially reduced for most of pesticides. Use of EG was especially effective for organophosphate pesticides and those with amino groups. Using this approach, the shortcomings of conventional analyte protectants were remedied. Although neither EG nor analyte protectants could sufficiently reduce the matrix effects for certain classes of pesticides, this limitation could be overcome with the use of multiple internal standards (IS) in the analysis. Finally, it was shown that the method we developed could achieve better analytical performance than the matrix-matched calibration method. Our method was robust with respect to the variation of food matrix components, so its application to real-world analyses would be practical and promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Tsuchiyama
- Department of Food, Nagoya City Public Health Research Institute, 1-11, Hagiyama-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8615, Japan.
| | - Miki Katsuhara
- Department of Food, Nagoya City Public Health Research Institute, 1-11, Hagiyama-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8615, Japan
| | - Jun Sugiura
- Department of Food, Nagoya City Public Health Research Institute, 1-11, Hagiyama-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8615, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nakajima
- Department of Food, Nagoya City Public Health Research Institute, 1-11, Hagiyama-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8615, Japan
| | - Atsushi Yamamoto
- Collage of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai, Aichi 487-8501, Japan
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14
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The compound-independent calibration of polybrominated diphenyl ethers isomers using gas chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1576:120-130. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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15
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Quantitative Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry Method for Comparison of Prochloraz Residue on Garlic Sprouts after Soaking and Spraying Treatment. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15071552. [PMID: 30041404 PMCID: PMC6068985 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15071552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2018] [Revised: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Prochloraz is a fungicide that is widely used on vegetables to maintain freshness during storage. To ensure that prochloraz is used in a safe way that reduces the levels of residue on the product, we evaluated two treatment methods (soaking and spraying) that are commonly used for garlic sprouts. An ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated for prochloraz residue on garlic sprouts. The linear range of the method was 5–500 μg/kg and the correlation coefficient was 0.9983. The average recovery range was 88–94%, and the relative standard deviation range was 2.6–9.7%. Garlic sprout samples that had been soaked in or sprayed with prochloraz were collected from cold storage facilities in Laixi and Pingdu, China. For the soaked samples, the ranges for the levels of prochloraz residue on the whole garlic sprouts and stems (edible portion) were 15.76–25.14 mg/kg and 0.58–1.62 mg/kg, respectively. For the sprayed samples, the ranges for the levels of prochloraz residue on the whole garlic sprouts and stems were 1.85–7.89 mg/kg and 0.01–1.29 mg/kg, respectively. The results of this study provide a scientific basis for rationalizing the use of prochloraz and improving the safety of edible garlic sprouts.
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16
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Tsuchiyama T, Katsuhara M, Nakajima M. Compensation of matrix effects in gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis of pesticides using a combination of matrix matching and multiple isotopically labeled internal standards. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1524:233-245. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.09.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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17
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Yu M, Hou X, Liu Q, Wang Y, Liu J, Jiang G. Evaluation and reduction of the analytical uncertainties in GC-MS analysis using a boundary regression model. Talanta 2017; 164:141-147. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.11.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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18
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Łozowicka B, Rutkowska E, Jankowska M. Influence of QuEChERS modifications on recovery and matrix effect during the multi-residue pesticide analysis in soil by GC/MS/MS and GC/ECD/NPD. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:7124-7138. [PMID: 28093672 PMCID: PMC5383684 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-8334-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
A QuEChERS extraction followed by GC/MS/MS and GC-μECD/NPD for 216 pesticide and metabolites determination in soil simultaneously were developed and compared. Volume of water, volume and polarity of solvent, and cleanup sorbents (C18, GCB, PSA) were optimized. The QuEChERS with and without purification step were applied to estimate effectiveness of the method. The recovery and matrix effect (ME) were critical parameters within each tested procedure. The optimal method without cleanup was validated. Accuracy (expressed as recovery), precision (expressed as RSD), linearity, LOQ, and uncertainty were determined. The recoveries at the three spiking levels using matrix-matched standards ranged between 65 and 116% with RSD ≤17 and 60-112% with RSD ≤18% for MS/MS and μEC/NP, respectively. The LOQ ranged from 0.005-0.01 mg/kg for MS/MS to 0.05 mg/kg for μEC/NP. The ME for most of pesticides resulted in enhancement of the signal and depended on the analyte and detection system: MS/MS showed ME from -25 to 74%, while μEC/NP from -45 to 96%. A principal component analysis was performed to explain the relationships between physicochemical parameters and ME of 216 pesticides. The QuEChERS protocol without the cleanup step is a promising option to make the method less expensive and faster. This methodology was applied in routine analysis of 263 soil samples in which p,p' DDT was the most frequently detected (23.5% of samples) and pendimethalin with the highest concentration (1.63 mg/kg).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bożena Łozowicka
- Plant Protection Institute - National Research Institute, Laboratory of Pesticide Residues, Chelmonskiego 22, Postal code: 15-195, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Ewa Rutkowska
- Plant Protection Institute - National Research Institute, Laboratory of Pesticide Residues, Chelmonskiego 22, Postal code: 15-195, Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Jankowska
- Plant Protection Institute - National Research Institute, Laboratory of Pesticide Residues, Chelmonskiego 22, Postal code: 15-195, Bialystok, Poland
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19
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Li J, Li D, Wu J, Qin J, Hu J, Huang W, Wang Z, Xiao W, Wang Y. Simultaneous determination of 35 ultra‐trace level organophosphorus pesticide residues in Sanjie Zhentong capsules of traditional Chinese medicine using ultra high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2017; 40:999-1009. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201600570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiachun Li
- School of Pharmacy China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing China
- State Key Lab of New‐tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Lianyungang China
| | - Dongpo Li
- State Key Lab of New‐tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Lianyungang China
- Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Lianyungang China
| | - Jingling Wu
- State Key Lab of New‐tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Lianyungang China
| | - Jianping Qin
- State Key Lab of New‐tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Lianyungang China
| | - Junhua Hu
- State Key Lab of New‐tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Lianyungang China
| | - Wenzhe Huang
- State Key Lab of New‐tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Lianyungang China
- Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Lianyungang China
| | - Zhenzhong Wang
- State Key Lab of New‐tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Lianyungang China
- Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Lianyungang China
| | - Wei Xiao
- State Key Lab of New‐tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Lianyungang China
- Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Lianyungang China
| | - Yu Wang
- School of Pharmacy China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing China
- Jiangsu Institute for Food and Drug Control Nanjing China
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20
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Rahman MM, Abd El-Aty AM, Kim SW, Shin SC, Shin HC, Shim JH. Quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe sample preparation approach for pesticide residue analysis using traditional detectors in chromatography: A review. J Sep Sci 2016; 40:203-212. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201600889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Md. Musfiqur Rahman
- Biotechnology Research Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences; Chonnam National University; Gwangju Republic of Korea
| | - A. M. Abd El-Aty
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine; Konkuk University; Seoul Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Cairo University; Giza Egypt
| | - Sung-Woo Kim
- Biotechnology Research Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences; Chonnam National University; Gwangju Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Chul Shin
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Life Sciences; Gyeongsang National University; Jinju Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Chul Shin
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine; Konkuk University; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Han Shim
- Biotechnology Research Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences; Chonnam National University; Gwangju Republic of Korea
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21
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Han L, Sapozhnikova Y, Matarrita J. Evaluation of a new carbon/zirconia-based sorbent for the cleanup of food extracts in multiclass analysis of pesticides and environmental contaminants. J Sep Sci 2016; 39:4592-4602. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201600920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Han
- College of Science; China Agricultural University; Beijing China
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service; Eastern Regional Research Center; Wyndmoor PA USA
| | - Yelena Sapozhnikova
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service; Eastern Regional Research Center; Wyndmoor PA USA
| | - Jessie Matarrita
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service; Eastern Regional Research Center; Wyndmoor PA USA
- Centro de Investigación en Contaminación Ambiental; Universidad de Costa Rica; San José Costa Rica
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22
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Han L, Sapozhnikova Y, Lehotay SJ. Method validation for 243 pesticides and environmental contaminants in meats and poultry by tandem mass spectrometry coupled to low-pressure gas chromatography and ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography. Food Control 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2016.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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23
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Evaluation of a recent product to remove lipids and other matrix co-extractives in the analysis of pesticide residues and environmental contaminants in foods. J Chromatogr A 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.04.052 0021-9673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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24
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Evaluation of a recent product to remove lipids and other matrix co-extractives in the analysis of pesticide residues and environmental contaminants in foods. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1449:17-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.04.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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25
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Oellig C. Acetonitrile extraction and dual-layer solid phase extraction clean-up for pesticide residue analysis in propolis. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1445:19-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.03.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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26
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Determination of matrix effects occurred during the analysis of organochlorine pesticides in agricultural products using GC-ECD. Food Sci Biotechnol 2016; 25:33-40. [PMID: 30263233 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-016-0005-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Revised: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix effects observed during the multiresidue analysis of seven organochlorine pesticides in six different agricultural products with GC-ECD were assessed. The presence of matrix coextractives, a major cause of observed matrix effects, directly and/or indirectly influenced the chromatographic responses of some pesticides. Two types of external calibrations, solvent calibration (SC) and matrixmatched calibration (MC), were used to assess matrix effects. Greater matrix effects were observed at the lower concentrations of each pesticide. The extent of matrix effects varied unpredictably with matrix type. Among the analyzed pesticides, iprodione, cyhalothrin, and cypermethrin exhibited greater matrix effects (>150%) for almost all matrices. The pesticide recovery rates obtained with MC were not statistically different from a 100% recovery rate in most samples, which indicates that MC may diminish the overestimates occurred due to matrix effects in GC analysis.
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27
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Evaluation of the matrix effect on gas chromatography--mass spectrometry with carrier gas containing ethylene glycol as an analyte protectant. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1434:136-41. [PMID: 26810804 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.12.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 12/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The consequences of matrix effects in GC are a major issue of concern in pesticide residue analysis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the applicability of an analyte protectant generator in pesticide residue analysis using a GC-MS system. The technique is based on continuous introduction of ethylene glycol into the carrier gas. Ethylene glycol as an analyte protectant effectively compensated the matrix effects in agricultural product extracts. All peak intensities were increased by this technique without affecting the GC-MS performance. Calibration curves for ethylene glycol in the GC-MS system with various degrees of pollution were compared and similar response enhancements were observed. This result suggests a convenient multi-residue GC-MS method using an analyte protectant generator instead of the conventional compensation method for matrix-induced response enhancement adding the mixture of analyte protectants into both neat and sample solutions.
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28
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Saito R, Park JH, LeBouf R, Green BJ, Park Y. Measurement of macrocyclic trichothecene in floor dust of water-damaged buildings using gas chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry-dust matrix effects. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE 2016; 13:442-450. [PMID: 26853932 PMCID: PMC5497306 DOI: 10.1080/15459624.2016.1143951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) was used to detect fungal secondary metabolites. Detection of verrucarol, the hydrolysis product of Stachybotrys chartarum macrocyclic trichothecene (MCT), was confounded by matrix effects associated with heterogeneous indoor environmental samples. In this study, we examined the role of dust matrix effects associated with GC-MS/MS to better quantify verrucarol in dust as a measure of total MCT. The efficiency of the internal standard (ISTD, 1,12-dodecanediol), and application of a matrix-matched standard correction method in measuring MCT in floor dust of water-damaged buildings was additionally examined. Compared to verrucarol, ISTD had substantially higher matrix effects in the dust extracts. The results of the ISTD evaluation showed that without ISTD adjustment, there was a 280% ion enhancement in the dust extracts compared to neat solvent. The recovery of verrucarol was 94% when the matrix-matched standard curve without the ISTD was used. Using traditional calibration curves with ISTD adjustment, none of the 21 dust samples collected from water damaged buildings were detectable. In contrast, when the matrix-matched calibration curves without ISTD adjustment were used, 38% of samples were detectable. The study results suggest that floor dust of water-damaged buildings may contain MCT. However, the measured levels of MCT in dust using the GC-MS/MS method could be significantly under- or overestimated, depending on the matrix effects, the inappropriate ISTD, or combination of the two. Our study further shows that the routine application of matrix-matched calibration may prove useful in obtaining accurate measurements of MCT in dust derived from damp indoor environments, while no isotopically labeled verrucarol is available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rena Saito
- Respiratory Health Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia
- Occupational Health Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas
| | - Ju-Hyeong Park
- Respiratory Health Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Ryan LeBouf
- Respiratory Health Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Brett J. Green
- Respiratory Health Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Yeonmi Park
- Respiratory Health Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia
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29
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España Amórtegui JC, Guerrero Dallos JA. Practical aspects in gas chromatography–mass spectrometry for the analysis of pesticide residues in exotic fruits. Food Chem 2015; 182:14-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.02.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Revised: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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30
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New practical approach for using an analyte protectant for priming in routine gas chromatographic analysis. Food Control 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2014.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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31
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Słowik-Borowiec M. Validation of a QuEChERS-Based Gas Chromatographic Method for Multiresidue Pesticide Analysis in Fresh Peppermint Including Studies of Matrix Effects. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-014-0027-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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32
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Oellig C, Schwack W. Planar solid phase extraction clean-up and microliter-flow injection analysis–time-of-flight mass spectrometry for multi-residue screening of pesticides in food. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1351:1-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Revised: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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33
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Hou X, Lei S, Qiu S, Guo L, Yi S, Liu W. A multi-residue method for the determination of pesticides in tea using multi-walled carbon nanotubes as a dispersive solid phase extraction absorbent. Food Chem 2014; 153:121-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Revised: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 12/07/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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34
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Rahman MM, Abd El-Aty A, Shim JH. Matrix enhancement effect: A blessing or a curse for gas chromatography?—A review. Anal Chim Acta 2013; 801:14-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Revised: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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35
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Relationship between the matrix effect and the physicochemical properties of analytes in gas chromatography. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 405:9879-88. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-7433-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Revised: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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36
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Hildmann F, Kempe G, Speer K. Application of the precolumn back-flush technology in pesticide residue analysis: A practical view. J Sep Sci 2013; 36:2128-35. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201300007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2013] [Revised: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Hildmann
- Department of Pesticides, Saxon; State Laboratory of Health and Veterinary Affairs; Dresden Germany
- Institute of Food Chemistry; Technical University Dresden; Dresden Germany
| | - Günther Kempe
- Department of Pharmacologically Active Substances, Saxon; State Laboratory of Health and Veterinary Affairs; Chemnitz Germany
| | - Karl Speer
- Institute of Food Chemistry; Technical University Dresden; Dresden Germany
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37
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Rahman MM, Jang J, Park JH, Abd El-Aty AM, Ko AY, Choi JH, Yang A, Park KH, Shim JH. Determination of kresoxim-methyl and its thermolabile metabolites in pear utilizing pepper leaf matrix as a protectant using gas chromatography. J Adv Res 2013; 5:329-35. [PMID: 25685500 PMCID: PMC4294735 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2013.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Revised: 05/09/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Kresoxim-methyl and its two thermolabile metabolites, BF 490-2 and BF 490-9, were analyzed in pear using a pepper leaf matrix protection to maintain the metabolites inside the gas chromatography system. Samples were extracted with a mixture of ethyl acetate and n-hexane (1:1, v/v) and purified and/or separated using a solid phase extraction procedure. The pepper leaf matrix was added and optimized with cleaned pear extract to enhance metabolite sensitivity. Matrix matched calibration was used for kresoxim-methyl in the pear matrix and for metabolites in the pear mixed with pepper leaf matrix. Good linearity was obtained for all analytes with a coefficient of determination, r2 ⩾ 0.992. Limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were 0.006 and 0.02 mg kg−1 and 0.02 and 0.065 mg kg−1 for kresoxim-methyl and the metabolites, respectively. Recoveries were carried out at two concentration levels and were 85.6–97.9% with a relative standard deviation <2.5%. The method was successfully applied to field incurred pear samples, and only kresoxim-methyl was detected at a concentration of 0.03 mg kg−1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Musfiqur Rahman
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chonnam National University, 300 Yongbong-dong, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Jang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chonnam National University, 300 Yongbong-dong, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hyouk Park
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chonnam National University, 300 Yongbong-dong, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - A M Abd El-Aty
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, 12211 Giza, Egypt
| | - Ah-Young Ko
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chonnam National University, 300 Yongbong-dong, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Heui Choi
- Institute of Environmental Research, Faculty of Chemistry, Dortmund University of Technology, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Angel Yang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chonnam National University, 300 Yongbong-dong, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Hun Park
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chonnam National University, 300 Yongbong-dong, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Han Shim
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chonnam National University, 300 Yongbong-dong, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
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38
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Variability of matrix effects in liquid and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis of pesticide residues after QuEChERS sample preparation of different food crops. J Chromatogr A 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.10.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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39
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Sugitate K, Saka M, Serino T, Nakamura S, Toriba A, Hayakawa K. Matrix behavior during sample preparation using metabolomics analysis approach for pesticide residue analysis by GC-MS in agricultural products. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:10226-10234. [PMID: 22985413 DOI: 10.1021/jf3029557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The detailed matrices and their behaviors during pesticide residue analyses were clarified using a metabolomics analysis approach. The matrix profile was investigated using two different extraction solvents, acetone and acetonitrile. Acetone extracted the matrix components with a wide range of log P(O/W) values. Components with log P(O/W) values >10, such as sterols and tocopherols, and components with log P(O/W) values <3.2 were more extracted by acetone than by acetonitrile. In contrast, components with log P(O/W) values in the range from 3.2 to 10 were extracted by both acetone and acetonitrile at the same concentration level. The study also examined the difference in the column cleanup efficiency using a solid phase extraction (SPE). Florisil, silica gel, NH(2), PSA, and GCB were selected as representative columns for pesticide residue analysis, and acetone extraction of brown rice was selected in this experiment. Most of the matrix components were removed by either column, whereas monoacylglycerols, which are the components causing the matrix effect, were not removed by any column. Understanding such a detailed matrix behavior helps to develop a better analytical method for pesticide analysis using GC-MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuniyo Sugitate
- Agilent Technologies Japan, Ltd., Hachioji-shi, Tokyo 192-8510, Japan.
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Oellig C, Schwack W. Planar solid phase extraction clean-up for pesticide residue analysis in tea by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1260:42-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.08.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2012] [Revised: 08/27/2012] [Accepted: 08/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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41
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Chary NS, Herrera S, Gómez MJ, Fernández-Alba AR. Parts per trillion level determination of endocrine-disrupting chlorinated compounds in river water and wastewater effluent by stir-bar-sorptive extraction followed by gas chromatography–triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 404:1993-2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-6251-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2012] [Revised: 06/19/2012] [Accepted: 07/05/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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42
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Rahman MM, Choi JH, Abd El-Aty A, Abid MD, Park JH, Na TW, Kim YD, Shim JH. Pepper leaf matrix as a promising analyte protectant prior to the analysis of thermolabile terbufos and its metabolites in pepper using GC–FPD. Food Chem 2012; 133:604-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.01.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2011] [Revised: 01/18/2012] [Accepted: 01/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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43
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Georgakopoulos P, Zachari R, Mataragas M, Athanasopoulos P, Drosinos EH, Skandamis PN. Optimisation of octadecyl (C18) sorbent amount in QuEChERS analytical method for the accurate organophosphorus pesticide residues determination in low-fatty baby foods with response surface methodology. Food Chem 2011; 128:536-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2010] [Revised: 02/20/2011] [Accepted: 03/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Koesukwiwat U, Lehotay SJ, Leepipatpiboon N. Fast, low-pressure gas chromatography triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry for analysis of 150 pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:7039-50. [PMID: 21871625 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.07.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2011] [Revised: 07/28/2011] [Accepted: 07/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We developed and evaluated a new method of low-pressure gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LP-GC/MS-MS) using a triple quadrupole instrument for fast analysis of 150 relevant pesticides in four representative fruits and vegetables. This LP-GC (vacuum outlet) approach entails coupling a 10 m, 0.53 mm i.d., 1 μm film analytical column between the MS transfer line and a 3 m, 0.15 mm i.d. capillary at the inlet. The MS creates a vacuum in the 10 m analytical column, which reduces the viscosity of the He carrier gas and thereby shifts the optimal flow rate to greater velocity. By taking advantage of the H(2)-like properties of He under vacuum, the short analytical column, a rapid oven temperature ramp rate, and the high selectivity and sensitivity of MS/MS, 150 pesticides were separated in <6.5 min. The 2.5 ms dwell time and 1 ms interscan delay of the MS/MS instrument were critical for achieving >8 data points across the 2-3 s wide peaks. To keep dwell and cycle times constant across all peaks, each segment consisted of 30 analytes (60 transitions). For assessment, we injected extracts of spiked broccoli, cantaloupe, lemon, and sweet potato from the updated QuEChERS sample preparation method. Average recoveries (n=72) were 70-120% for 144 of the pesticides, and reproducibilities were <20% RSD for all but 4 analytes. Also, detection limits were <5 ng/g for all but a few pesticides, depending on the matrix. In addition to high quality performance, the method gave excellent reliability and high sample throughput, including easy peak integration to obtain rapid results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urairat Koesukwiwat
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA
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Lehotay SJ, Koesukwiwat U, van der Kamp H, Mol HGJ, Leepipatpiboon N. Qualitative aspects in the analysis of pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables using fast, low-pressure gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:7544-7556. [PMID: 21452898 DOI: 10.1021/jf104606j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative method validation is a well-established process to demonstrate trueness and precision of the results with a given method. However, an assessment of qualitative results is also an important need to estimate selectivity and devise criteria for chemical identification when using the method, particularly for mass spectrometric analysis. For multianalyte analysis, automatic instrument software is commonly used to make initial qualitative identifications of the target analytes by comparison of their mass spectra against a database library. Especially at low residue levels in complex matrices, manual checking of results is typically needed to correct the peak assignments and integration errors, which is very time-consuming. Low-pressure gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (LP-GC-MS) has been demonstrated to increase the speed of analysis for GC-amenable residues in various foods and provide more advantages over the traditional GC-MS approach. LP-GC-MS on a time-of-flight (ToF) instrument was used, which provided high sample throughput with <10 min analysis time. The method had already been validated to be acceptable quantitatively for nearly 150 pesticides, and in this study of qualitative performance, 90 samples in total of strawberry, tomato, potato, orange, and lettuce extracts from the QuEChERS sample preparation approach were analyzed. The extracts were randomly spiked with different pesticides at different levels, both unknown to the analyst, in the different matrices. Automated software evaluation was compared with human assessments in terms of false-positive and -negative results. Among the 13590 possible permutations with 696 blind additions made, the automated software approach yielded 1.2% false presumptive positives with 23% false negatives, whereas the analyst achieved 0.8% false presumptive positives and 17% false negatives for the same analytical data files. False negatives frequently occurred due to challenges at the lowest concentrations, but 70% of them involved certain pesticides that degraded (e.g., captafol, folpet) or otherwise could not be detected. The false-negative rate was reduced to 5-10% if the problematic analytes were excluded. Despite its somewhat better performance in this study, the analyst approach was extremely time-consuming and would not be practical in high sample throughput applications for so many analytes in complicated matrices.
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Wang Y, Jin HY, Ma SC, Lu J, Lin RC. Determination of 195 pesticide residues in Chinese herbs by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry using analyte protectants. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:334-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2010] [Revised: 11/17/2010] [Accepted: 11/18/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Mansilha C, Melo A, Rebelo H, Ferreira IMPLVO, Pinho O, Domingues V, Pinho C, Gameiro P. Quantification of endocrine disruptors and pesticides in water by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Method validation using weighted linear regression schemes. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:6681-91. [PMID: 20553685 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2010] [Revised: 04/28/2010] [Accepted: 05/03/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
A multi-residue methodology based on a solid phase extraction followed by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was developed for trace analysis of 32 compounds in water matrices, including estrogens and several pesticides from different chemical families, some of them with endocrine disrupting properties. Matrix standard calibration solutions were prepared by adding known amounts of the analytes to a residue-free sample to compensate matrix-induced chromatographic response enhancement observed for certain pesticides. Validation was done mainly according to the International Conference on Harmonisation recommendations, as well as some European and American validation guidelines with specifications for pesticides analysis and/or GC-MS methodology. As the assumption of homoscedasticity was not met for analytical data, weighted least squares linear regression procedure was applied as a simple and effective way to counteract the greater influence of the greater concentrations on the fitted regression line, improving accuracy at the lower end of the calibration curve. The method was considered validated for 31 compounds after consistent evaluation of the key analytical parameters: specificity, linearity, limit of detection and quantification, range, precision, accuracy, extraction efficiency, stability and robustness.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Mansilha
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Porto, Portugal.
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48
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Xu X, Li L, Zhong W, He Y. Rapid GC-MS Analysis of Pesticide Residues Using Analyte Protectants. ANAL LETT 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/00032710903243646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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49
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Vaquero-Fernández L, Sanz-Asensio J, López-Alonso M, Martínez-Soria MT. Analysis of Pyrimethanil, Metalaxyl, Dichlofluanid, and Penconazol in Must and Wine from Red Grapes by Solid-Phase Extraction and Gas Chromatography. ANAL LETT 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/00032710903060644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Garrido Frenich A, Martínez Vidal JL, Fernández Moreno JL, Romero-González R. Compensation for matrix effects in gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry using a single point standard addition. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:4798-808. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2008] [Revised: 03/31/2009] [Accepted: 04/08/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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