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Yang B, Li X. Unveiling the Mechanisms of Bone Marrow Toxicity Induced by Lead Acetate Exposure. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:1041-1066. [PMID: 37378799 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03733-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb), a widespread heavy metal, causes severe toxicity in human and animal organs (e.g., bone marrow), whereas the mechanisms of the bone marrow toxicity induced by Pb exposure are unclear. Hence, this study was designed to reveal the hub genes involved in Pb-induced bone marrow toxicity. GSE59894 dataset obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) was composed of lead acetate (PbAc2)-treated and control bone marrow samples. Totally 120 and 85 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified on the 1st day, while 153 and 157 DEGs on the 3rd day in the bone marrow treated with 200 and 600 mg/kg of PbAc2, respectively. Notably, a total of 28 and 32 overlapping DEGs were identified in the bone marrow on the 1st and 3rd day treated with PbAc2, respectively. Biological process analysis suggested that the common DEGs were primarily participated in cell differentiation, the response to drug, xenobiotic stimulus, and organic cyclic compound. Pathway analysis demonstrated that the overlapping DEGs were primarily linked to PI3K-Akt, TGF-β, MAPK, and osteoclast differentiation signaling pathways. Moreover, the hub genes, including PLD2, DAPK1, ALB, TNF, FOS, CDKN1A, and TGFB3, might contribute to PbAc2-induced bone marrow toxicity. Overall, our study offers an important insight into the molecular mechanisms of Pb-induced bone marrow toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Yang
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, 233100, China
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, 233100, China.
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2
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Soleimani AA, Shokri N, Elahimanesh M, Mohammadi P, Parvaz N, Bakhshandeh M, Najafi M. Beta arrestin-related signalling axes are influenced by dexamethasone and metformin in vascular smooth muscle cells cultured in high glucose condition. Endocrinol Diabetes Metab 2024; 7:e465. [PMID: 38102782 PMCID: PMC10782052 DOI: 10.1002/edm2.465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metformin (Met) and dexamethasone (Dexa) are known to reduce blood sugar levels and anti-inflammatory effects, respectively. Based on the acceleration of atherosclerosis process in diabetes, the β-arrestin 2 (BARR2) gene and protein expression levels were evaluated in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) treated with Met and Dexa in high glucose conditions in this study. METHODS AND MATERIALS Human VSMCs were cultured in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium/Nutrient Mixture F-12 (DMEM-F12) medium and, were treated with different values of Met (1 mM, 5 mM and 7 mM) and Dexa (10-7 M, 10-6 M and 10-5 M) in 24- and 48-h periods. The BARR2 gene and protein expression levels were identified with RT-qPCR and western blotting techniques, respectively. The signalling axes were predicted from gene network made using Cytoscape software and, were annotated with Gene Ontology. RESULTS The BARR2 gene and protein expression levels reduced in VSMCs treated with Dexa and Met after 24- and 48-h periods. These results were more changed after 48 h. Furthermore, many BARR2-related signalling axes were found from the network genes. CONCLUSION Met and Dexa suppressed the BARR2 protein and gene expression levels in the VSMCs. Moreover, the gene network suggested some the cellular signalling axes related to BARR2 that may be affected by Met and Dexa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Akbar Soleimani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of MedicineTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Nafiseh Shokri
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of MedicineIran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Mohammad Elahimanesh
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of MedicineIran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Payam Mohammadi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of MedicineIran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Najmeh Parvaz
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of MedicineIran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Masoomeh Bakhshandeh
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of MedicineIran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Mohammad Najafi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of MedicineIran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- Cellular and Molecular Research CenterIran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- Microbial Biotechnology CenterIran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
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Park SH, Kang JH, Bae YS. The role and regulation of phospholipase D in metabolic disorders. Adv Biol Regul 2024; 91:100988. [PMID: 37845091 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2023.100988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Phospholipase D (PLD) is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine into phosphatidic acid and free choline. In mammals, PLD exists in two well-characterized isoforms, PLD1 and PLD2, and it plays pivotal roles as signaling mediators in various cellular functions, such as cell survival, differentiation, and migration. These isoforms are predominantly expressed in diverse cell types, including many immune cells, such as monocytes and macrophages, as well as non-immune cells, such as epithelial and endothelial cells. Several previous studies have revealed that the stimulation of these cells leads to an increase in PLD expression and its enzymatic products, potentially influencing the pathological responses in a wide spectrum of diseases. Metabolic diseases, exemplified by conditions, such as diabetes, obesity, hypertension, and atherosclerosis, pose significant global health challenges. Abnormal activation or dysfunction of PLD emerges as a potential contributing factor to the pathogenesis and progression of these metabolic disorders. Therefore, it is crucial to thoroughly investigate and understand the intricate relationship between PLD and metabolic diseases. In this review, we provide an in-depth overview of the functional roles and molecular mechanisms of PLD involved in metabolic diseases. By delving into the intricate interplay between PLD and metabolic disorders, this review aims to offer insights into the potential therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon Hyang Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyeon Kang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoe-Sik Bae
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
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Lu N, Zhu JF, Lv HF, Zhang HP, Wang PL, Yang JJ, Wang XW. Modulation of oxidized low-density lipoprotein-affected macrophage efferocytosis by mitochondrial calcium uniporter in a murine model. Immunol Lett 2023; 263:14-24. [PMID: 37689315 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2023.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Efferocytosis dysfunction contributes to the progression and rupture of atherosclerotic plaques. Efferocytosis is crucially modulated by intracytoplasmic Ca2+, and mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) complex proteins serve as key channels for regulating Ca2+ concentration. Therefore, it was speculated that MCU may affect the development of atherosclerosis (AS) by regulating efferocytosis. In the present study, we aimed to investigate whether MCU could affect foam cell formation by regulating efferocytosis. METHODS We stimulated primary macrophages (Møs) using oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) to mimic the atherosclerotic microenvironment and treated them with Ru360, an MCU-specific inhibitor, and UNC1062, an inhibitor of efferocytosis. Additionally, we conducted double staining to determine the Mø efferocytosis rate. We measured the expression of MCU complexes and efferocytosis-associated proteins using western blotting (WB) and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), respectively. In addition, we separately detected the Ca2+ level in the cytoplasm and mitochondria (MT) using Fluo-4 AM and Rhod-2 methods. We separately determined the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level in cytoplasm and MT using dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) fluorescent probing method and Mito-SOXTM superoxide indicator staining. Additionally, we conducted the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect the production of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-18 (IL-18), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). Oil Red O staining was performed to measure cytoplasmic lipid levels. RESULTS Ru360 attenuated ox-LDL-induced efferocytosis dysfunction, and attenuated the upregulation of MCU and MCUR1 induced by ox-LDL, and meanwhile attenuated the downregulation of MCUb induced by ox-LDL. Ru360 attenuated the decrease of intracytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration induced by ox- LDL, Ru360 also attenuated the ROS production induced by ox- LDL, attenuated the release of IL-6, IL-18, IL-1β, and TNF-α induced by ox- LDL, and attenuated the increase of intracytoplasmic lipid content induced by ox-LDL. UNC1062 attenuated the effects of Ru360 in reducing inflammatory cytokines and intracytoplasmic lipid content. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we found that MCU inhibition modulated intracytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration, improved impaired Mø efferocytosis, and reduced ROS generation. Macrophage efferocytosis removed apoptotic cells and prevented the release of inflammatory factor and foam cell formation, and this can be a potential new therapeutic target for alleviating atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Lu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.
| | - Jun-Fan Zhu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - He-Fan Lv
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Hai-Peng Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Peng-le Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Jing-Jing Yang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xian-Wei Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
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Silver SV, Popovics P. The Multifaceted Role of Osteopontin in Prostate Pathologies. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2895. [PMID: 38001899 PMCID: PMC10669591 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11112895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The prostate gland, located beneath the bladder and surrounding the proximal urethra in men, plays a vital role in reproductive physiology and sexual health. Despite its importance, the prostate is vulnerable to various pathologies, including prostatitis, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer (PCa). Osteopontin (OPN), a versatile protein involved in wound healing, inflammatory responses, and fibrotic diseases, has been implicated in all three prostate conditions. The role of OPN in prostatic pathophysiology, affecting both benign and malignant prostate conditions, is significant. Current evidence strongly suggests that OPN is expressed at a higher level in prostate cancer and promotes tumor progression and aggressiveness. Conversely, OPN is primarily secreted by macrophages and foam cells in benign prostate conditions and provokes inflammation and fibrosis. This review discusses the accumulating evidence on the role of OPN in prostatic diseases, cellular sources, and potential roles while also highlighting areas for future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samara V. Silver
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA;
- Leroy T. Canoles Jr. Cancer Research Center, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA
| | - Petra Popovics
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA;
- Leroy T. Canoles Jr. Cancer Research Center, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA
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Cao Z, Zhang Q, Zhou Z, Xu S, Pan B, Zhang S, Zhang G, Zhi Z, Shi Y, Cui L, Liu P. Construction and application of artificial lipoproteins using adiposomes. J Lipid Res 2023; 64:100436. [PMID: 37648212 PMCID: PMC10518588 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2023.100436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipoproteins are complex particles comprised of a neutral lipid core wrapped with a phospholipid monolayer membrane and apolipoproteins on the membrane, which is closely associated with metabolic diseases. To facilitate the elucidation of its formation and dynamics, as well as its applications, we developed an in vitro system in which adiposomes, consisting of a hydrophobic core encircled by a monolayer-phospholipid membrane, were engineered into artificial lipoproteins (ALPs) by recruiting one or more kinds of apolipoproteins, for example, apolipoprotein (Apo) A-I, ApoE, ApoA-IV, and ApoB. In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated the stability and biological activity of ALPs derived from adiposomes, which resembles native lipoproteins. Of note, adiposomes bearing ApoE were internalized via clathrin-mediated endocytosis following LDLR binding and were delivered to lysosomes. On the other hand, adiposomes bearing ApoA-IV mimicked the existing form of endogenous ApoA-IV and exhibited significant improvement in glucose tolerance in mice. In addition, the construction process was simple, precise, reproducible, as well as easy to adjust for mass production. With this experimental system, different apolipoproteins can be recruited to build ALPs for some biological goals and potential applications in biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Cao
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ziyun Zhou
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shimeng Xu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Pan
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuyan Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China; National Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Gaoxin Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Zelun Zhi
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yumeng Shi
- College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Liujuan Cui
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Pingsheng Liu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Wu X, Singla S, Liu JJ, Hong L. The role of macrophage ion channels in the progression of atherosclerosis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1225178. [PMID: 37588590 PMCID: PMC10425548 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1225178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a complex inflammatory disease that affects the arteries and can lead to severe complications such as heart attack and stroke. Macrophages, a type of immune cell, play a crucial role in atherosclerosis initiation and progression. Emerging studies revealed that ion channels regulate macrophage activation, polarization, phagocytosis, and cytokine secretion. Moreover, macrophage ion channel dysfunction is implicated in macrophage-derived foam cell formation and atherogenesis. In this context, exploring the regulatory role of ion channels in macrophage function and their impacts on the progression of atherosclerosis emerges as a promising avenue for research. Studies in the field will provide insights into novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wu
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Sidhant Singla
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Jianhua J. Liu
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Liang Hong
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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Lankin VZ, Konovalova GG, Domogatsky SP, Tikhaze AK, Klots IN, Ezhov MV. Clearance and Utilization of Dicarbonyl-Modified LDL in Monkeys and Humans. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10471. [PMID: 37445648 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The kinetics of elimination of various dicarbonyl-modified low-density lipoproteins from the bloodstream of Macaca mulatta monkeys were investigated. The low-density lipoproteins (LDL) in the monkey blood plasma were isolated by density gradient ultracentrifugation and labeled in vitro with the fluorescent dye FITC; thereupon, they were modified with different natural low molecular-weight dicarbonyls: malondialdehyde (MDA), glyoxal, or methylglyoxal. The control native FITC-labeled LDL and dicarbonyl-modified FITC-labeled LDL were injected into the monkey's ulnar vein; thereafter, blood samples were taken at fixed time intervals during 24 h. The plasma level of FITC-labeled LDL was determined with spectrofluorimetry. The study established that glyoxal- and monkeysglyoxal-labeled LDL circulated in monkey virtually at the same time as native (non-modified) LDL. In contrast, MDA-modified LDL disappeared from the blood extremely rapidly. Administration of the PCSK9 inhibitor involocumab (which increases LDL utilization) to patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) was found to significantly reduce levels of MDA-modified LDL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim Z Lankin
- Department for Free Radical Biochemistry, E.I. Chazov' National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Russian Ministry of Health, Moscow 121552, Russia
| | - Galina G Konovalova
- Department for Free Radical Biochemistry, E.I. Chazov' National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Russian Ministry of Health, Moscow 121552, Russia
| | - Sergey P Domogatsky
- Department for Free Radical Biochemistry, E.I. Chazov' National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Russian Ministry of Health, Moscow 121552, Russia
| | - Alla K Tikhaze
- Department for Free Radical Biochemistry, E.I. Chazov' National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Russian Ministry of Health, Moscow 121552, Russia
| | - Igor N Klots
- Research Institute of Medical Primatology, National Research Center "Kurchatov' Institute", Sochi 354376, Russia
| | - Marat V Ezhov
- Laboratory of Lipid Disorders, E.I. Chazov' National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Russian Ministry of Health, Moscow 121552, Russia
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Yang L, Lin Y, Wang C, Fan P. circSnd1 promotes atherosclerosis progression through the miR-485-3p/Olr1 signaling pathway. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17366. [PMID: 37426804 PMCID: PMC10329125 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Circular RNAs (circRNAs) participate in the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Identifying and verifying the key competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network related to atherosclerosis (AS) is significant for understanding the development of AS. The aim of this study was to investigate the circRNA-miRNA‒mRNA network, identify a key circRNA and explore its role in the development of atherosclerosis. Methods Differentially expressed mRNAs (DEMs) and circRNAs (DECs) in the AS model were obtained from datasets in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. R software and Cytoscape software were used to construct and visualize the ceRNA network. The dual-luciferase reporter experiment and the RNA pull-down experiment were used to verify the selected ceRNA axis. siRNA targeting circRNA, miRNA mimic, miRNA inhibitor, or gene overexpression plasmid was used for in vitro functional studies. ELISA and western blotting were used to detect inflammation and lipid transport-related proteins. Furthermore, an AS mouse model was established and treated with recombinant adeno-associated viral vectors to further verify the influence of the selected ceRNA axis on the occurrence and/or development of AS. Results A total of 497 DEMs were enriched in 25 pathways, based on which the circ_0082139 (circSnd1)/miR-485-3p/Olr1 axis was selected. In vitro, the interaction among the three molecules of this axis was validated and it was found to affect inflammation and lipid transport, which were characterized by the significant change of inflammatory factors (Il-6, Il-8, Tnf-α, Mcp-1, Vcam-1, and Icam-1), and lipid transport-related genes, including Abca1, Abcg1, Ldlr, Hdlbp, Lp-pla2, and Srebp-1c. Through animal experiments, we further verified that the circSnd1/miR-485-3p/Olr1 axis regulated these molecules and participated in the formation and/or development of AS in vivo. Conclusions The circSnd1/miR-485-3p/Olr1 axis participates in the formation and development of atherosclerosis by regulating inflammation and lipid transport.
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Zhan Y, Zhao CS, Qu X, Xiao Z, Deng C, Li Y. Identification of a novel amphioxus leucine-rich repeat receptor involved in phagocytosis reveals a role for Slit2-N-type LRR in bacterial elimination. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:104689. [PMID: 37044216 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The basal chordate amphioxus is a model for tracing the origin and evolution of vertebrate immunity. To explore the evolution of immunoreceptor signaling pathways, we searched the associated receptors of the amphioxus B. belcheri (Bb) homolog of immunoreceptor signaling adaptor protein Grb2. Mass-spectrum analysis of BbGrb2 immunoprecipitates from B. belcheri intestine lysates revealed a folate receptor (FR) domain- and leucine-rich repeat (LRR)-containing protein (FrLRR). Sequence and structural analysis showed that FrLRR is a membrane protein with a predicted curved solenoid structure. The N-terminal Fr domain contains very few folate-binding sites; the following LRR region is a Slit2-type LRR, and a GPI-anchored site was predicted at the C-terminus. RT-PCR analysis showed FrLRR is a transcription-mediated fusion gene of BbFR-like and BbSlit2-N-like genes. Genomic DNA structure analysis implied the B. belcheri FrLRR gene locus and the corresponding locus in B. floridae might be generated by exon shuffling of a Slit2-N-like gene into an FR gene. RT-qPCR, immunostaining and immunoblot results showed that FrLRR was primarily distributed in B. belcheri intestinal tissue. We further demonstrated that FrLRR localized to the cell membrane and lysosomes. Functionally, FrLRR mediated and promoted bacteria-binding and phagocytosis, and FrLRR antibody blocking or Grb2 knockdown inhibited FrLRR-mediated phagocytosis. Interestingly, we found that human Slit2-N (hSlit2-N) also mediated direct bacteria-binding and phagocytosis which was inhibited by Slit2-N antibody blocking or Grb2 knockdown. Together, these results indicate FrLRR and hSlit2-N may function as phagocytotic-receptors to promote phagocytosis through Grb2, implying the Slit2-N-type-LRR-containing proteins play a role in bacterial binding and elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Zhan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Chen-Si Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xuemei Qu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Zhihui Xiao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Chong Deng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yingqiu Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
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Quercetin alleviates atherosclerosis by suppressing oxidized LDL-induced senescence in plaque macrophage via inhibiting the p38MAPK/p16 pathway. J Nutr Biochem 2023; 116:109314. [PMID: 36924853 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Abstract
Quercetin is a widely known and biologically active phytochemical and exerts therapeutic effects against atherosclerosis. The removal of senescent plaque macrophages effectively slows the progression of atherosclerosis and decreases the plaque burden. Still, whether quercetin alleviates atherosclerosis by inhibiting the senescence of plaque macrophages, including the potential mechanisms, remains unclear. ApoE-/- mice were fed with a normal chow diet or high-fat diet (HFD) supplemented or not with quercetin (100 mg/kg of body weight) for 16 weeks. An accumulation of senescent macrophages was observed in the plaque-rich aortic tissues from the mice with HFD, but quercetin supplementation effectively reduced the amount of senescent plaque macrophage, inhibited the secretion of key senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) factors, and alleviated atherosclerosis by inhibiting p38MAPK phosphorylation and p16 expression. In vitro, SB203580 (a specific inhibitor of p38 MAPK) significantly inhibited oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-induced senescence in mouse RAW264.7 macrophages, as evidenced by decreased senescence-associated markers (SA-β-gal staining positive cells and p16 expression). Furthermore, quercetin not only effectively reversed ox-LDL-induced senescence in RAW264.7 cells but also decreased the mRNA levels of several key SASP factors by suppressing p38 MAPK phosphorylation and p16 expression. The p38 MAPK agonist asiatic acid reversed the effects of quercetin. In conclusion, these findings indicate that quercetin suppresses ox-LDL-induced senescence in plaque macrophage and attenuates atherosclerosis by inhibiting the p38 MAPK/p16 pathway. This study elucidates the mechanisms of quercetin against atherosclerosis and supports quercetin as a nutraceutical for the management of atherosclerosis.
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Niu C, Xiong Y, Yang L, Xiao X, Yang S, Huang Z, Yang Y, Feng L. Carboxy-terminal telopeptide levels of type I collagen hydrogels modulated the encapsulated cell fate for regenerative medicine. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 228:826-837. [PMID: 36566813 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.12.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The cellular microenvironment has a profound impact on cell proliferation, interaction, and differentiation. In cell encapsulation for disease therapy, type I collagen is an important biomaterial due to its ability to mimic the extracellular matrix. Telopeptides (carboxy-terminal, CTX, and amino-terminal, NTX) protruding from the triple helix structure of type I collagen are cross-link sites, but also mediate the signal transmission in tissue homeostasis. It is worth investigating the features of the hydrogel microenvironment shaped by the tissue-derived type I collagen with various telopeptide levels, which is paramount for encapsulated cell development. Here, we found the fate of encapsulated human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) behaved differently towards decreasing CTX levels in the collagen hydrogels. Even among collagen hydrogels with a small magnitude of CTX variation, similar stiffness and microstructure, the apparent CTX modulation on the proliferation, cell-interaction, and genes expression of encapsulated hADSCs, as well as morphology and tubule structure formation of endothelial cells were observed, suggesting the biological roles of CTX and its modulation on microenvironment for cell development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Niu
- Department of Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Xiong
- Department of Periodical Press, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Liping Yang
- Department of Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiong Xiao
- Department of Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaojie Yang
- Department of Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziwei Huang
- Department of Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuchu Yang
- Department of Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Feng
- Department of Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.
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Wang Y, Nguyen DT, Anesi J, Alramahi A, Witting PK, Chai Z, Khan AW, Kelly J, Denton KM, Golledge J. Moxonidine Increases Uptake of Oxidised Low-Density Lipoprotein in Cultured Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells and Inhibits Atherosclerosis in Apolipoprotein E-Deficient Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043857. [PMID: 36835270 PMCID: PMC9960795 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of the sympatholytic drug moxonidine on atherosclerosis. The effects of moxonidine on oxidised low-density lipoprotein (LDL) uptake, inflammatory gene expression and cellular migration were investigated in vitro in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). The effect of moxonidine on atherosclerosis was measured by examining aortic arch Sudan IV staining and quantifying the intima-to-media ratio of the left common carotid artery in apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE-/-) mice infused with angiotensin II. The levels of circulating lipid hydroperoxides in mouse plasma were measured by ferrous oxidation-xylenol orange assay. Moxonidine administration increased oxidised LDL uptake by VSMCs via activation of α2 adrenoceptors. Moxonidine increased the expression of LDL receptors and the lipid efflux transporter ABCG1. Moxonidine inhibited mRNA expression of inflammatory genes and increased VSMC migration. Moxonidine administration to ApoE-/- mice (18 mg/kg/day) decreased atherosclerosis formation in the aortic arch and left common carotid artery, associated with increased plasma lipid hydroperoxide levels. In conclusion, moxonidine inhibited atherosclerosis in ApoE-/- mice, which was accompanied by an increase in oxidised LDL uptake by VSMCs, VSMC migration, ABCG1 expression in VSMCs and lipid hydroperoxide levels in the plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutang Wang
- Discipline of Life Science, Institute of Innovation, Science and Sustainability, Federation University Australia, Ballarat, VIC 3350, Australia
- Correspondence:
| | - Dinh Tam Nguyen
- Discipline of Life Science, Institute of Innovation, Science and Sustainability, Federation University Australia, Ballarat, VIC 3350, Australia
| | - Jack Anesi
- Discipline of Life Science, Institute of Innovation, Science and Sustainability, Federation University Australia, Ballarat, VIC 3350, Australia
| | - Ahmed Alramahi
- Discipline of Life Science, Institute of Innovation, Science and Sustainability, Federation University Australia, Ballarat, VIC 3350, Australia
| | - Paul K. Witting
- Molecular Biomedicine Theme, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Zhonglin Chai
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Abdul Waheed Khan
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Jason Kelly
- Fiona Elsey Cancer Research Institute, Ballarat, VIC 3350, Australia
| | - Kate M. Denton
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Jonathan Golledge
- Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, The Townsville University Hospital, Townsville, QLD 4814, Australia
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14
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Huo X, Su B, Qin G, Zhao L. HMGB1 promotes Ox-LDL-induced endothelial cell damage by inhibiting PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2022; 22:555. [PMID: 36544080 PMCID: PMC9768960 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-022-03003-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atherosclerosis is the pathological basis of cardio-cerebrovascular diseases. Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) is an important risk factor for atherosclerosis. Ox-LDL leads to endothelial cell (EC) damage and dysfunction through various processes and promotes the occurrence and deterioration of atherosclerosis. High mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) is a protein associated with cellular damage. In the present study, the effect of HMGB1 on ox-LDL-induced EC damage was determined and the underlying mechanism explored. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human umbilical vein ECs (HUVECs) were exposed to ox-LDL to induce endothelial damage and changes in HMGB1 expression level were detected using western blotting analysis and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. To observe the effect of HMGB1 on ox-LDL-induced damage, the HMGB1 expression was downregulated with siRNA, and cell viability, cytotoxicity, and apoptosis rate were assessed. HUVECs were pretreated with LY294002, an inhibitor of the PI3K/Akt pathway, to determine whether the effect of HMGB1 on damage is via the PI3K-Akt pathway. RESULTS The results showed that ox-LDL can upregulate HMGB1 expression in HUVECs and downregulation of HMGB1 expression can prevent ox-LDL-induced damage in HUVECs. Furthermore, the effect of HMGB1 on ox-LDL-induced damage could be promoted by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. CONCLUSION The results indicate HMGB1 may be a promising research target to alleviate ox-LDL-induced EC damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Huo
- grid.477425.7Department of Vascular Surgery, Liuzhou People’s Hospital, No. 8 Wenchang Road, Chengzhong District, Liuzhou, 545001 Guangxi China
| | - Boyou Su
- grid.477425.7Department of Vascular Surgery, Liuzhou People’s Hospital, No. 8 Wenchang Road, Chengzhong District, Liuzhou, 545001 Guangxi China
| | - Guoti Qin
- grid.477425.7Department of Vascular Surgery, Liuzhou People’s Hospital, No. 8 Wenchang Road, Chengzhong District, Liuzhou, 545001 Guangxi China
| | - Liming Zhao
- grid.477425.7Department of Vascular Surgery, Liuzhou People’s Hospital, No. 8 Wenchang Road, Chengzhong District, Liuzhou, 545001 Guangxi China
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15
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Targeting Phospholipase D Pharmacologically Prevents Phagocytic Function Loss of Retinal Pigment Epithelium Cells Exposed to High Glucose Levels. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911823. [PMID: 36233124 PMCID: PMC9570224 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously described the participation of canonical phospholipase D isoforms (PLD1 and PLD2) in the inflammatory response of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells exposed to high glucose concentrations (HG). Here, we studied the role of the PLD pathway in RPE phagocytic function. For this purpose, ARPE-19 cells were exposed to HG (33 mM) or to normal glucose concentration (NG, 5.5 mM) and phagocytosis was measured using pHrodo™ green bioparticles® or photoreceptor outer segments (POS). HG exposure for 48 and 72 h reduced phagocytic function of ARPE-19 cells, and this loss of function was prevented when cells were treated with 5 μM of PLD1 (VU0359595 or PLD1i) or PLD2 (VU0285655-1 or PLD2i) selective inhibitors. Furthermore, PLD1i and PLD2i did not affect RPE phagocytosis under physiological conditions and prevented oxidative stress induced by HG. In addition, we demonstrated PLD1 and PLD2 expression in ABC cells, a novel human RPE cell line. Under physiological conditions, PLD1i and PLD2i did not affect ABC cell viability, and partial silencing of both PLDs did not affect ABC cell POS phagocytosis. In conclusion, PLD1i and PLD2i prevent the loss of phagocytic function of RPE cells exposed to HG without affecting RPE function or viability under non-inflammatory conditions.
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16
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Zhang Y, Dong D, Xu X, He H, Zhu Y, Lei T, Ou H. Oxidized high-density lipoprotein promotes CD36 palmitoylation and increases lipid uptake in macrophages. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102000. [PMID: 35500650 PMCID: PMC9144050 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidized high-density lipoprotein (oxHDL) reduces the ability of cells to mediate reverse cholesterol transport and also shows atherogenic properties. Palmitoylation of cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36), an important receptor mediating lipoprotein uptake, is required for fatty acid endocytosis. However, the relationship between oxHDL and CD36 has not been described in mechanistic detail. Here, we demonstrate using acyl-biotin exchange analysis that oxHDL activates CD36 by increasing CD36 palmitoylation, which promotes efficient uptake in macrophages. This modification increased CD36 incorporation into plasma lipid rafts and activated downstream signaling mediators, such as Lyn, Fyn, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase, which elicited enhanced oxHDL uptake and foam cell formation. Furthermore, blocking CD36 palmitoylation with the pharmacological inhibitor 2-bromopalmitate decreased cell surface translocation and lowered oxHDL uptake in oxHDL-treated macrophages. We verified these results by transfecting oxHDL-induced macrophages with vectors expressing wildtype or mutant CD36 (mCD36) in which the cytoplasmic palmitoylated cysteine residues were replaced. We show that cells containing mCD36 exhibited less palmitoylated CD36, disrupted plasma membrane trafficking, and reduced protein stability. Moreover, in ApoE−/−CD36−/− mice, lipid accumulation at the aortic root in mice receiving the mCD36 vector was decreased, suggesting that CD36 palmitoylation is responsible for lipid uptake in vivo. Finally, our data indicated that palmitoylation of CD36 was dependent on DHHC6 (Asp-His-His-Cys) acyltransferase and its cofactor selenoprotein K, which increased the CD36/caveolin-1 interaction and membrane targeting in cells exposed to oxHDL. Altogether, our study uncovers a causal link between oxHDL and CD36 palmitoylation and provides insight into foam cell formation and atherogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Doudou Dong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Xiaoting Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Hui He
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yuan Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Tingwen Lei
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Hailong Ou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China.
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17
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Ramji DP, Ismail A, Chen J, Alradi F, Al Alawi S. Survey of In Vitro Model Systems for Investigation of Key Cellular Processes Associated with Atherosclerosis. METHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (CLIFTON, N.J.) 2022; 2419:39-56. [PMID: 35237957 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1924-7_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis progression is associated with a complex array of cellular processes in the arterial wall, including endothelial cell activation/dysfunction, chemokine-driven recruitment of immune cells, differentiation of monocytes to macrophages and their subsequent transformation into lipid laden foam cells, activation of inflammasome and pro-inflammatory signaling, and migration of smooth muscle cells from the media to the intima. The use of in vitro model systems has considerably advanced our understanding of these atherosclerosis-associated processes and they are also often used in drug discovery and other screening platforms. This chapter will describe key in vitro model systems employed frequently in atherosclerosis research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipak P Ramji
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
| | - Alaa Ismail
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Jing Chen
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Fahad Alradi
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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18
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Zhang Y, Fu Y, Jia L, Zhang C, Cao W, Alam N, Wang R, Wang W, Bai L, Zhao S, Liu E. TMT-based quantitative proteomic profiling of human monocyte-derived macrophages and foam cells. Proteome Sci 2022; 20:1. [PMID: 34980145 PMCID: PMC8725474 DOI: 10.1186/s12953-021-00183-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular diseases remain the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, most of which are caused by atherosclerosis. Discerning processes that participate in macrophage-to-foam cell formation are critical for understanding the basic mechanisms underlying atherosclerosis. To explore the molecular mechanisms of foam cell formation, differentially expressed proteins were identified. METHODS Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells were stimulated with macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and obtained macrophages were transformed into foam cells by oxidized low-density lipoprotein. Tandem mass tag (TMT) labeling combined with mass spectrometry was performed to find associations between foam cell transformation and proteome profiles. RESULTS Totally, 5146 quantifiable proteins were identified, among which 1515 and 182 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were found in macrophage/monocyte and foam cell/macrophage, respectively. Subcellular localization analysis revealed that downregulated DEPs of macrophages/monocytes were mostly located in the nucleus, whereas upregulated DEPs of foam cells/macrophages were mostly extracellular or located in the plasma membrane. Functional analysis of DEPs demonstrated that cholesterol metabolism-related proteins were upregulated in foam cells, whereas immune response-related proteins were downregulated in foam cells. The protein interaction network showed that the DEPs with the highest interaction scores between macrophages and foam cells were mainly concentrated in lysosomes and the endoplasmic reticulum. CONCLUSIONS Proteomics analysis suggested that cholesterol metabolism was upregulated, while the immune response was suppressed in foam cells. KEGG enrichment analysis and protein-protein interaction analysis indicated that DEPs located in the endoplasmic reticulum and lysosomes might be key drivers of foam cell formation. These data provide a basis for identifying the potential proteins associated with the molecular mechanism underlying macrophage transformation to foam cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Zhang
- Research Institute of Atherosclerotic Disease, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Centre, No. 76, Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Centre, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yu Fu
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Centre, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Linying Jia
- Research Institute of Atherosclerotic Disease, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Centre, No. 76, Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Centre, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chenyang Zhang
- Research Institute of Atherosclerotic Disease, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Centre, No. 76, Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Centre, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenbin Cao
- Research Institute of Atherosclerotic Disease, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Centre, No. 76, Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Centre, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Naqash Alam
- Research Institute of Atherosclerotic Disease, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Centre, No. 76, Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Centre, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Research Institute of Atherosclerotic Disease, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Centre, No. 76, Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Centre, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Weirong Wang
- Research Institute of Atherosclerotic Disease, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Centre, No. 76, Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Centre, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Liang Bai
- Research Institute of Atherosclerotic Disease, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Centre, No. 76, Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Centre, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Sihai Zhao
- Research Institute of Atherosclerotic Disease, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Centre, No. 76, Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Centre, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Enqi Liu
- Research Institute of Atherosclerotic Disease, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Centre, No. 76, Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Centre, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.
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Abdolmanafi A, Duong L, Ibrahim R, Dahdah N. Intravascular imaging of coronary artery: Bridging the gap between clinical needs and technical advances. Med Eng Phys 2021; 96:71-80. [PMID: 34565555 DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2021.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Coronary artery disease is the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Almost seven million deaths are reported each year due to coronary disease. Coronary artery events in the adult are primarily due to atherosclerosis with seventy-five percent of the related mortality caused by plaque rupture. Despite significant progress made to improve intravascular imaging of coronary arteries, there is still a large gap between clinical needs and technical developments. The goal of this review is to identify the gap elements between clinical knowledge and recent advances in the domain of medical image analysis. Efficient image analysis computational models should be designed with respect to the exact clinical needs, and detailed features of the tissues under review. In this review, we discuss the detailed clinical features of the intracoronary plaques for mathematical and biomedical researchers. We emphasize the importance of integrating this clinical knowledge validated by clinicians to investigate the potentially effective models for proper features efficiency in the scope of leveraging the state-of-the-art of coronary image analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefeh Abdolmanafi
- Department of Software and IT Engineering, École de Technologie Supérieure, Montréal, Canada; Division of Pediatric Cardiology and Research Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montréal, Canada.
| | - Luc Duong
- Department of Software and IT Engineering, École de Technologie Supérieure, Montréal, Canada; Division of Pediatric Cardiology and Research Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montréal, Canada
| | - Ragui Ibrahim
- Division of Cardiology, Hôpital Pierre Boucher, Longueuil, Canada
| | - Nagib Dahdah
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology and Research Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montréal, Canada
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20
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Coremans C, Delporte C, Cotton F, Van De Borne P, Boudjeltia KZ, Van Antwerpen P. Mass Spectrometry for the Monitoring of Lipoprotein Oxidations by Myeloperoxidase in Cardiovascular Diseases. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26175264. [PMID: 34500696 PMCID: PMC8434463 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative modifications of HDLs and LDLs by myeloperoxidase (MPO) are regularly mentioned in the context of atherosclerosis. The enzyme adsorbs on protein moieties and locally produces oxidizing agents to modify specific residues on apolipoproteins A-1 and B-100. Oxidation of lipoproteins by MPO (Mox) leads to dysfunctional Mox-HDLs associated with cholesterol-efflux deficiency, and Mox-LDLs that are no more recognized by the LDL receptor and become proinflammatory. Several modification sites on apoA-1 and B-100 that are specific to MPO activity are described in the literature, which seem relevant in patients with cardiovascular risk. The most appropriate analytical method to assess these modifications is based on liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). It enables the oxidized forms of apoA-1and apoB-100 to be quantified in serum, in parallel to a quantification of these apolipoproteins. Current standard methods to quantify apolipoproteins are based on immunoassays that are well standardized with good analytical performances despite the cost and the heterogeneity of the commercialized kits. Mass spectrometry can provide simultaneous measurements of quantity and quality of apolipoproteins, while being antibody-independent and directly detecting peptides carrying modifications for Mox-HDLs and Mox-LDLs. Therefore, mass spectrometry is a potential and reliable alternative for apolipoprotein quantitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Coremans
- RD3-Pharmacognosy, Bioanalysis and Drug Discovery, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; (C.D.); (P.V.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-2-650-5331
| | - Cédric Delporte
- RD3-Pharmacognosy, Bioanalysis and Drug Discovery, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; (C.D.); (P.V.A.)
| | - Frédéric Cotton
- Laboratoire Hospitalier Universitaire de Bruxelles (LHUB-ULB), Department of Clinical Chemistry, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1000 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Phillipe Van De Borne
- Department of Cardiology Erasme Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Karim Zouaoui Boudjeltia
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine (ULB 222 Unit), CHU-Charleroi, ISPPC Hôpital Vésale, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 6110 Montigny-Le-Tilleul, Belgium;
| | - Pierre Van Antwerpen
- RD3-Pharmacognosy, Bioanalysis and Drug Discovery, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; (C.D.); (P.V.A.)
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21
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Native Low-Density Lipoproteins Act in Synergy with Lipopolysaccharide to Alter the Balance of Human Monocyte Subsets and Their Ability to Produce IL-1 Beta, CCR2, and CX3CR1 In Vitro and In Vivo: Implications in Atherogenesis. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11081169. [PMID: 34439835 PMCID: PMC8391227 DOI: 10.3390/biom11081169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence has demonstrated that oxidized low-density lipoproteins (oxLDL) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) enhance accumulation of interleukin (IL)-1 beta-producing macrophages in atherosclerotic lesions. However, the potential synergistic effect of native LDL (nLDL) and LPS on the inflammatory ability and migration pattern of monocyte subpopulations remains elusive and is examined here. In vitro, whole blood cells from healthy donors (n = 20) were incubated with 100 μg/mL nLDL, 10 ng/mL LPS, or nLDL + LPS for 9 h. Flow cytometry assays revealed that nLDL significantly decreases the classical monocyte (CM) percentage and increases the non-classical monocyte (NCM) subset. While nLDL + LPS significantly increased the number of NCMs expressing IL-1 beta and the C-C chemokine receptor type 2 (CCR2), the amount of NCMs expressing the CX3C chemokine receptor 1 (CX3CR1) decreased. In vivo, patients (n = 85) with serum LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) >100 mg/dL showed an increase in NCM, IL-1 beta, LPS-binding protein (LBP), and Castelli’s atherogenic risk index as compared to controls (n = 65) with optimal LDL-C concentrations (≤100 mg/dL). This work demonstrates for the first time that nLDL acts in synergy with LPS to alter the balance of human monocyte subsets and their ability to produce inflammatory cytokines and chemokine receptors with prominent roles in atherogenesis.
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22
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Fisetin prevents oxidized low-density lipoproteins induced macrophage foam cell formation. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2021; 78:e729-e737. [PMID: 34173812 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Foam cell formation in an important event in atherosclerosis. Fisetin, a bioflavonoid, has long been identified to possess anti-inflammatory, anti-lipidemic and anti-cancerous properties, however its role as a lipid homeostasis regulator in macrophage specifically in presence of metabolic stressors such as oxLDL is not well understood. In this study we have investigated the role of fisetin in preventing oxLDL-induced macrophage FCF. U937-derived macrophages were stimulated with oxLDL with or without fisetin for varied time points and various parameters were assessed including cell viability by MTT assay, ROS by DCFDA assay, lipid accumulation by Oil Red O staining, and expression of NLRP3, Sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP)-1 and associated downstream proteins HMG CoA reductase (HMGCR) and fatty acid synthase (FAS) were assessed by RT-qPCR and immunoblotting. Functionality of FAS enzyme was determined using enzyme activity assay. Docking studies were performed to determine in-silico interaction between NLRP3 and fisetin. The results showed that fisetin, up to the dose of 10 µM did not alter cell viability but at the same dose could decrease the accumulation of lipids in macrophages and prevented FCF. Fisetin could also ameliorate and reduce oxLDL-induced upregulation of SREBP-1 and thereby expression of its downstream liposynthesis genes HMGCR and FAS and inhibited ROS-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation. In conclusion, fisetin could inhibit foam cell formation by blocking oxLDL induced ROS formation and subsequent NLRP3 activation, thereby inhibiting SREBP-1 and its downstream genes including FAS and HMGCR.
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Interface of Phospholipase Activity, Immune Cell Function, and Atherosclerosis. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10101449. [PMID: 33076403 PMCID: PMC7602611 DOI: 10.3390/biom10101449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Phospholipases are a family of lipid-altering enzymes that can either reduce or increase bioactive lipid levels. Bioactive lipids elicit signaling responses, activate transcription factors, promote G-coupled-protein activity, and modulate membrane fluidity, which mediates cellular function. Phospholipases and the bioactive lipids they produce are important regulators of immune cell activity, dictating both pro-inflammatory and pro-resolving activity. During atherosclerosis, pro-inflammatory and pro-resolving activities govern atherosclerosis progression and regression, respectively. This review will look at the interface of phospholipase activity, immune cell function, and atherosclerosis.
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Ganesan R, Henkels KM, Shah K, De La Rosa X, Libreros S, Cheemarla NR, Serhan CN, Gomez-Cambronero J. D-series Resolvins activate Phospholipase D in phagocytes during inflammation and resolution. FASEB J 2020; 34:15888-15906. [PMID: 33047359 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201903025rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
A successful acute inflammatory response results in the elimination of infectious agents by neutrophils and monocytes, followed by resolution and repair through tissue-resident and recruited macrophages. Resolvins (D-series and E-series) are pro-resolving lipid mediators involved in resolution and tissue repair, whose intracellular signaling remains of interest. Here, we report that D-series resolvins (RvD1- RvD5) activate phospholipase D (PLD), a ubiquitously expressed membrane lipase enzyme activity in modulating phagocyte functions. The mechanism for PLD-mediated actions of Resolvin-D5 (RvD5) in polarizing macrophages (M1-like toward M2-like) was found to be two-pronged: (a) RvD5 inhibits post-transcriptional modifications, by miRs and 3'exonucleases that process PLD2 mRNA, thus increasing PLD2 expression and activity; and (b) RvD5 enhances PLD2-S6Kinase signaling required for membrane expansion and efferocytosis. In an in vivo model of second organ reflow injury, we found that RvD5 did not reduce lung neutrophil myeloperoxidase levels in PLD2-/- mice compared to WT and PLD1-/- mice, confirming a novel role of PLD2 as the isoform in RvD5-mediated resolution processes. These results demonstrate that RvD5-PLD2 are attractive targets for therapeutic interventions in vascular inflammation such as ischemia-reperfusion injury and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramya Ganesan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wright State University School of Medicine, Dayton, OH, USA.,Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesia, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Karen M Henkels
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wright State University School of Medicine, Dayton, OH, USA
| | - Krushangi Shah
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wright State University School of Medicine, Dayton, OH, USA
| | - Xavier De La Rosa
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesia, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stephania Libreros
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesia, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nagarjuna R Cheemarla
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Charles N Serhan
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesia, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Julian Gomez-Cambronero
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wright State University School of Medicine, Dayton, OH, USA.,Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesia, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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25
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Yang B, Qin Q, Xu L, Lv X, Liu Z, Song E, Song Y. Polychlorinated Biphenyl Quinone Promotes Atherosclerosis through Lipid Accumulation and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress via CD36. Chem Res Toxicol 2020; 33:1497-1507. [PMID: 32434321 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.0c00123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are persistent organic environmental pollutants. According to previous epidemiological reports, PCBs exposure is highly related to atherosclerosis. However, studies of PCBs metabolites and atherosclerosis and corresponding mechanism studies are scarce. In this study, we evaluated the effect of 2,3,5-trichloro-6-phenyl-[1,4]-benzoquinone (PCB29-pQ), a presumptive PCB metabolite, on atherosclerosis. Aortic plaques were increased in PCB29-pQ-treated ApoE-/- mice [intraperitoneally (i.p.) injection of 5 mg/kg body weight of PCB29-pQ once a week for 12 continuous weeks, high-fat feeding]. We observed lipids accumulation and the release of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in ApoE-/- mice. In addition, we found that PCB29-pQ promoted the levels of total cholesterol, free cholesterol, triglyceride, and cholesteryl ester. Mechanism investigation indicated that PCB29-pQ induces the activation of three branches of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response, that is, phosphorylated protein kinase R-like ER kinase (p-PERK), eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α (eIF2α) and transcription factor 6 (ATF6), which is responsible for downstream necrosis. More importantly, we found the silence of CD36 is able to reverse PCB29-pQ-induced adverse effects completely. Overall, PCB29-pQ exposure resulted in lipid accumulation, ER stress response, apoptosis, and pro-inflammatory cytokines release via CD36, ultimately leading to atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingwei Yang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Qin
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuying Lv
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Zixuan Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Erqun Song
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Song
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
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26
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Liyanagamage DSNK, Martinus RD. Role of Mitochondrial Stress Protein HSP60 in Diabetes-Induced Neuroinflammation. Mediators Inflamm 2020; 2020:8073516. [PMID: 32410865 PMCID: PMC7201845 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8073516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is the most common metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia and associated malfunctions of the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids. There is increasing evidence of a relationship between diabetes and vascular dementia. Interestingly, hyperglycemia-linked neuroinflammation in the central nervous system is considered to play a key role during vascular dementia in diabetic patients. However, the mechanisms responsible for the relationship between hyperglycemia and neuroinflammation is not clearly understood. Diabetes-induced alternations in the blood-brain barrier permit high glucose influx into the brain cells via glucose transporters and promote oxidative stress through overproduction of reactive oxygen species. Despite many studies demonstrating a link between oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, the relationship between mitochondrial dysfunction and neuron inflammation during hyperglycemia remains to be established. In this review, we will focus on diabetes-induced changes in the central nervous system and the role of mitochondrial heat shock protein 60 (HSP60) as an initiator of oxidative stress and potential modulator of neuroinflammation. We suggest that oxidative stress-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction stimulates the upregulation of mitochondrial heat shock protein 60 (HSP60) and ultimately initiates inflammatory pathways by activating pattern recognition receptors. HSP60 also could be a focal point in the development of a biomarker of neuroinflammation as HSP60 is known to be significantly elevated in diabetic patients. Interestingly, extracellular secretion of HSP60 via exosomes suggests that inflammation could spread to neighboring astrocytes by activating pattern recognition receptors of astrocytes via neuronal exosomes containing HSP60. A mechanism for linking neuron and astrocyte inflammation will provide new therapeutic approaches to modulate neuroinflammation and therefore potentially ameliorate the cognitive impairment in diabetic brains associated with vascular dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ryan D. Martinus
- School of Science, Division of Health, Engineering, Computing & Science, The University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
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27
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Yao Y, Wang X, Li H, Fan J, Qian X, Li H, Xu Y. Phospholipase D as a key modulator of cancer progression. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2020; 95:911-935. [PMID: 32073216 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The phospholipase D (PLD) family has a ubiquitous expression in cells. PLD isoforms (PLDs) and their hydrolysate phosphatidic acid (PA) have been demonstrated to engage in multiple stages of cancer progression. Aberrant expression of PLDs, especially PLD1 and PLD2, has been detected in various cancers. Inhibition or elimination of PLDs activity has been shown to reduce tumour growth and metastasis. PLDs and PA also serve as downstream effectors of various cell-surface receptors, to trigger and regulate propagation of intracellular signals in the process of tumourigenesis and metastasis. Here, we discuss recent advances in understanding the functions of PLDs and PA in discrete stages of cancer progression, including cancer cell growth, invasion and migration, and angiogenesis, with special emphasis on the tumour-associated signalling pathways mediated by PLDs and PA and the functional importance of PLDs and PA in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanfa Yao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardio-Cerebral Vascular Detection Technology and Medicinal Effectiveness Appraisal, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinyi Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardio-Cerebral Vascular Detection Technology and Medicinal Effectiveness Appraisal, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hanbing Li
- Institute of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiannan Fan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardio-Cerebral Vascular Detection Technology and Medicinal Effectiveness Appraisal, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohan Qian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardio-Cerebral Vascular Detection Technology and Medicinal Effectiveness Appraisal, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yingke Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardio-Cerebral Vascular Detection Technology and Medicinal Effectiveness Appraisal, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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28
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McDermott MI, Wang Y, Wakelam MJO, Bankaitis VA. Mammalian phospholipase D: Function, and therapeutics. Prog Lipid Res 2019; 78:101018. [PMID: 31830503 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2019.101018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Despite being discovered over 60 years ago, the precise role of phospholipase D (PLD) is still being elucidated. PLD enzymes catalyze the hydrolysis of the phosphodiester bond of glycerophospholipids producing phosphatidic acid and the free headgroup. PLD family members are found in organisms ranging from viruses, and bacteria to plants, and mammals. They display a range of substrate specificities, are regulated by a diverse range of molecules, and have been implicated in a broad range of cellular processes including receptor signaling, cytoskeletal regulation and membrane trafficking. Recent technological advances including: the development of PLD knockout mice, isoform-specific antibodies, and specific inhibitors are finally permitting a thorough analysis of the in vivo role of mammalian PLDs. These studies are facilitating increased recognition of PLD's role in disease states including cancers and Alzheimer's disease, offering potential as a target for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- M I McDermott
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX 77843-1114, United States of America.
| | - Y Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX 77843-1114, United States of America; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-2128, United States of America
| | - M J O Wakelam
- Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - V A Bankaitis
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX 77843-1114, United States of America; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-2128, United States of America; Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77840, United States of America
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29
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Tajbakhsh A, Kovanen PT, Rezaee M, Banach M, Sahebkar A. Ca 2+ Flux: Searching for a Role in Efferocytosis of Apoptotic Cells in Atherosclerosis. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8122047. [PMID: 31766552 PMCID: PMC6947386 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8122047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In atherosclerosis, macrophages in the arterial wall ingest plasma lipoprotein-derived lipids and become lipid-filled foam cells with a limited lifespan. Thus, efficient removal of apoptotic foam cells by efferocytic macrophages is vital to preventing the dying foam cells from forming a large necrotic lipid core, which, otherwise, would render the atherosclerotic plaque vulnerable to rupture and would cause clinical complications. Ca2+ plays a role in macrophage migration, survival, and foam cell generation. Importantly, in efferocytic macrophages, Ca2+ induces actin polymerization, thereby promoting the formation of a phagocytic cup necessary for efferocytosis. Moreover, in the efferocytic macrophages, Ca2+ enhances the secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines. Various Ca2+ antagonists have been seminal for the demonstration of the role of Ca2+ in the multiple steps of efferocytosis by macrophages. Moreover, in vitro and in vivo experiments and clinical investigations have revealed the capability of Ca2+ antagonists in attenuating the development of atherosclerotic plaques by interfering with the deposition of lipids in macrophages and by reducing plaque calcification. However, the regulation of cellular Ca2+ fluxes in the processes of efferocytic clearance of apoptotic foam cells and in the extracellular calcification in atherosclerosis remains unknown. Here, we attempted to unravel the molecular links between Ca2+ and efferocytosis in atherosclerosis and to evaluate cellular Ca2+ fluxes as potential treatment targets in atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Tajbakhsh
- Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Mahdi Rezaee
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948, Iran
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Hypertension, WAM University Hospital in Lodz, Medical University of Lodz, Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
- Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), 93-338 Lodz, Poland
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948, Iran
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +98-51-1800-2288; Fax: +98-51-1800-2287
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30
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Fang M, Li Y, Wu Y, Ning Z, Wang X, Li X. miR-185 silencing promotes the progression of atherosclerosis via targeting stromal interaction molecule 1. Cell Cycle 2019; 18:682-695. [PMID: 30784343 PMCID: PMC6464577 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2019.1580493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atherosclerosis (AS) is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. microRNAs play a key role in gene regulation in the formation and development of atherosclerotic plaques. Herein, the role and target gene of miR-185 in AS were explored. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cell viability, migration and invasion were examined by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and transwell assay. The relative luciferase activity was measured by luciferase reporter assay. The levels of miR-185, STIM1, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and matrix metalloprotein-9 (MMP-9) were evaluated by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and Western blot. RESULTS The results revealed that ox-LDL decreased miR-185 expression, and enhanced STIM1 expression in MOVAS cells, as well promoted cell viability, migration and invasion. 3'-UTR of STIM1 contained miR-185 binding site according to the Targetscan. miR-185 silencing or STIM1 overexpression promoted the viability, migration and invasion of ox-LDL-induced MOVAS cells. miR-185 overexpression or STIM1 silencing had the opposite effect. Besides, miR-185 silencing up-regulated the levels of VEGF and MMP-9 in vitro, and increased the lesions of arterial wall tissues and STIM1 positive rate in vivo. However, STIM1 silencing reversed these effects. CONCLUSIONS Sum up, STIM1 was a potential target gene of miR-185 in AS. Knockdown of miR-185 facilitated the progression of AS through enhancing cell proliferation, migration and invasion via targeting STIM1. The research provides a novel view of miR-185/STIM1 axis function in AS development, and this targeting method may prevent and treat AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Fang
- Department of Cardiology, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, China
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanfei Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingbiao Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongping Ning
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuejun Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinming Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
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31
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Phospholipase D and the Mitogen Phosphatidic Acid in Human Disease: Inhibitors of PLD at the Crossroads of Phospholipid Biology and Cancer. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2019; 259:89-113. [PMID: 31541319 DOI: 10.1007/164_2019_216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Lipids are key building blocks of biological membranes and are involved in complex signaling processes such as metabolism, proliferation, migration, and apoptosis. Extracellular signaling by growth factors, stress, and nutrients is transmitted through receptors that activate lipid-modifying enzymes such as the phospholipases, sphingosine kinase, or phosphoinositide 3-kinase, which then modify phospholipids, sphingolipids, and phosphoinositides. One such important enzyme is phospholipase D (PLD), which cleaves phosphatidylcholine to yield phosphatidic acid and choline. PLD isoforms have dual role in cells. The first involves maintaining cell membrane integrity and cell signaling, including cell proliferation, migration, cytoskeletal alterations, and invasion through the PLD product PA, and the second involves protein-protein interactions with a variety of binding partners. Increased evidence of elevated PLD expression and activity linked to many pathological conditions, including cancer, neurological and inflammatory diseases, and infection, has motivated the development of dual- and isoform-specific PLD inhibitors. Many of these inhibitors are reported to be efficacious and safe in cells and mouse disease models, suggesting the potential for PLD inhibitors as therapeutics for cancer and other diseases. Current knowledge and ongoing research of PLD signaling networks will help to evolve inhibitors with increased efficacy and safety for clinical studies.
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Protective Effects of Chinese Traditional Medicine Longhu Rendan against Atherosclerosis via Negative Regulation of LOX-1. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:4812639. [PMID: 30402125 PMCID: PMC6196979 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4812639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Longhu Rendan (LHRD), a Chinese traditional compound medicine, has a remarkable treatment effect on motion sickness for about half a century. However, the role of LHRD in atherosclerosis treatment is still unclear. In this study, LHRD treatment significantly diminished total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels in apolipoprotein E gene-knockout (ApoE−/−) mice fed with high fat and high cholesterol diet (western diet). Besides, LHRD treatment significantly reduced atherosclerotic lesion and plaques formation in both aortic roots and aortic trees. Furthermore, immunofluorescence staining in aortic roots demonstrated that LHRD treatment inhibited lectin-like oxidized low-density-lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1) expression in atherosclerotic plaques. These results indicated that LHRD ameliorated atherosclerosis via reducing serum levels of TC, TG, and LDL-C as well as LOX-1 expression, subsequently attenuating atherosclerotic lesion and lipid deposition. In conclusion, LHRD could significantly attenuate experimental atherosclerosis and might be a novel potential drug for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Actis Dato V, Chiabrando GA. The Role of Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein 1 in Lipid Metabolism, Glucose Homeostasis and Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19061780. [PMID: 29914093 PMCID: PMC6032055 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a highly prevalent disorder which can be used to identify individuals with a higher risk for cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. This metabolic syndrome is characterized by a combination of physiological, metabolic, and molecular alterations such as insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and central obesity. The low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1—A member of the LDL receptor family) is an endocytic and signaling receptor that is expressed in several tissues. It is involved in the clearance of chylomicron remnants from circulation, and has been demonstrated to play a key role in the lipid metabolism at the hepatic level. Recent studies have shown that LRP1 is involved in insulin receptor (IR) trafficking and intracellular signaling activity, which have an impact on the regulation of glucose homeostasis in adipocytes, muscle cells, and brain. In addition, LRP1 has the potential to inhibit or sustain inflammation in macrophages, depending on its cellular expression, as well as the presence of particular types of ligands in the extracellular microenvironment. In this review, we summarize existing perspectives and the latest innovations concerning the role of tissue-specific LRP1 in lipoprotein and glucose metabolism, and examine its ability to mediate inflammatory processes related to MetS and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Actis Dato
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba X5000HUA, Argentina.
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Córdoba X5000HUA, Argentina.
| | - Gustavo Alberto Chiabrando
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba X5000HUA, Argentina.
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Córdoba X5000HUA, Argentina.
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