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Dinh V, de Armas LR, Pallikkuth S, Pahwa R, Rinaldi S, Dang C, Kizhner A, Cotugno N, Palma P, Ismael N, Vaz P, Lain MG, Pahwa S. Longitudinal analysis of innate immune system in infants with perinatal HIV infection until 18 months of age. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.21.568007. [PMID: 38045254 PMCID: PMC10690219 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.21.568007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
With the advent of antiretroviral therapy (ART), perinatal HIV infection is declining globally but prevalence in Sub-Saharan Africa is still greater than other nations. The relationship of HIV replication in early infancy and the developing immune system is not well understood. In this study, we investigated cellular components of the innate immune system including Natural Killer (NK) cells, monocytes, and Dendritic Cells (DC) in a cohort of HIV exposed infected (HEI) and age-matched HIV exposed uninfected (HEU) infants from Mozambique. Study entry was at the first visit after delivery at age 1-2 months for HIV diagnosis and initiation of ART. Phenotypic analysis by multi-parameter flow cytometry revealed an expansion of total NK cells and the dysfunctional, CD56-CD16+, NK cell subset; increased activation in monocytes and DC; and higher levels of inflammatory homing receptor CCR5 on circulating DC subsets in the HEI infants. NKG2A, an inhibitory receptor for NK cytolytic function, was reduced in HEI compared to HEU and positively correlated with pre-ART viral load (VL) while expression of CCR2, the inflammatory homing receptor, on NK was negatively correlated with VL. Other subsets exhibited positive correlations with VL including the frequency of intermediate monocytes amongst total monocytes. Longitudinal analysis of VL indicated suboptimal ART adherence in HEI. Regardless of level of viral suppression achieved, the frequencies of specific innate immune subsets in HEI were normalized to HEU by 18m. These data support the notion that in early life, NK cells play a role in virus control and should be explored for functional attributes that are effective against HIV at this time during development. Overall, our study provides high resolution overview of the innate immune system during perinatal HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinh Dinh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Lesley R. de Armas
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Suresh Pallikkuth
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Rajendra Pahwa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Stefano Rinaldi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Christine Dang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Alexander Kizhner
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Nicola Cotugno
- Clinical and Research Unit of Clinical Immunology and Vaccinology, Academic Department of Pediatrics, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesu, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Palma
- Clinical and Research Unit of Clinical Immunology and Vaccinology, Academic Department of Pediatrics, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesu, Rome, Italy
| | - Nália Ismael
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Marracuene, Mozambique
| | - Paula Vaz
- Fundação Ariel Glaser Contra O Sida Pediátrico, Maputo, Mozambique
| | | | - Savita Pahwa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
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Bjorgen JC, Dick JK, Cromarty R, Hart GT, Rhein J. NK cell subsets and dysfunction during viral infection: a new avenue for therapeutics? Front Immunol 2023; 14:1267774. [PMID: 37928543 PMCID: PMC10620977 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1267774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In the setting of viral challenge, natural killer (NK) cells play an important role as an early immune responder against infection. During this response, significant changes in the NK cell population occur, particularly in terms of their frequency, location, and subtype prevalence. In this review, changes in the NK cell repertoire associated with several pathogenic viral infections are summarized, with a particular focus placed on changes that contribute to NK cell dysregulation in these settings. This dysregulation, in turn, can contribute to host pathology either by causing NK cells to be hyperresponsive or hyporesponsive. Hyperresponsive NK cells mediate significant host cell death and contribute to generating a hyperinflammatory environment. Hyporesponsive NK cell populations shift toward exhaustion and often fail to limit viral pathogenesis, possibly enabling viral persistence. Several emerging therapeutic approaches aimed at addressing NK cell dysregulation have arisen in the last three decades in the setting of cancer and may prove to hold promise in treating viral diseases. However, the application of such therapeutics to treat viral infections remains critically underexplored. This review briefly explores several therapeutic approaches, including the administration of TGF-β inhibitors, immune checkpoint inhibitors, adoptive NK cell therapies, CAR NK cells, and NK cell engagers among other therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob C. Bjorgen
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Jenna K. Dick
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Ross Cromarty
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Geoffrey T. Hart
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Joshua Rhein
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
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3
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Cocker ATH, Guethlein LA, Parham P. The CD56-CD16+ NK cell subset in chronic infections. Biochem Soc Trans 2023:233017. [PMID: 37140380 DOI: 10.1042/bst20221374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Long-term human diseases can shape the immune system, and natural killer (NK) cells have been documented to differentiate into distinct subsets specifically associated with chronic virus infections. One of these subsets found in large frequencies in HIV-1 are the CD56-CD16+ NK cells, and this population's association with chronic virus infections is the subject of this review. Human NK cells are classically defined by CD56 expression, yet increasing evidence supports the NK cell status of the CD56-CD16+ subset which we discuss herein. We then discuss the evidence linking CD56-CD16+ NK cells to chronic virus infections, and the potential immunological pathways that are altered by long-term infection that could be inducing the population's differentiation. An important aspect of NK cell regulation is their interaction with human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class-I molecules, and we highlight work that indicates both virus and genetic-mediated variations in HLA expression that have been linked to CD56-CD16+ NK cell frequencies. Finally, we offer a perspective on CD56-CD16+ NK cell function, taking into account recent work that implies the subset is comparable to CD56+CD16+ NK cell functionality in antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity response, and the definition of CD56-CD16+ NK cell subpopulations with varying degranulation capacity against target cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander T H Cocker
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, U.S.A
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, U.S.A
| | - Lisbeth A Guethlein
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, U.S.A
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, U.S.A
| | - Peter Parham
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, U.S.A
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, U.S.A
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4
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Qian S, Xiong C, Wang M, Zhang Z, Fu Y, Hu Q, Ding H, Han X, Shang H, Jiang Y. CD38+CD39+ NK cells associate with HIV disease progression and negatively regulate T cell proliferation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:946871. [PMID: 36268017 PMCID: PMC9577302 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.946871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The ectonucleotidases CD38 and CD39 have a critical regulatory effect on tumors and viral infections via the adenosine axis. Natural killer (NK) cells produce cytokines, induce cytotoxic responses against viral infection, and acquire immunoregulatory properties. However, the roles of CD38 and CD39 expressed NK cells in HIV disease require elucidation. Our study showed that the proportions of CD38+CD39+ NK cells in HIV-infected individuals were positively associated with HIV viral loads and negatively associated with the CD4+ T cell count. Furthermore, CD38+CD39+ NK cells expressed additional inhibitory receptors, TIM-3 and LAG-3, and produced more TGF-β. Moreover, autologous NK cells suppressed the proliferation of CD8+ T and CD4+ T cells of HIV-infected individuals, and inhibiting CD38 and CD39 on NK cells restored CD8+ T and CD4+ T cell proliferation in vitro. In conclusion, these data support a critical role for CD38 and CD39 on NK cells in HIV infection and targeting CD38 and CD39 on NK cells may be a potential therapeutic strategy against HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Qian
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Chunbin Xiong
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Meiting Wang
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Zining Zhang
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Yajing Fu
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Qinghai Hu
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Haibo Ding
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaoxu Han
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, China
- Units of Medical Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Hong Shang
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Hong Shang, ; Yongjun Jiang,
| | - Yongjun Jiang
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Hong Shang, ; Yongjun Jiang,
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5
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Sun Y, Zhou J, Jiang Y. Negative Regulation and Protective Function of Natural Killer Cells in HIV Infection: Two Sides of a Coin. Front Immunol 2022; 13:842831. [PMID: 35320945 PMCID: PMC8936085 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.842831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells play an important immunologic role, targeting tumors and virus-infected cells; however, NK cells do not impede the progression of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. In HIV infection, NK cells exhibit impaired functions and negatively regulate other immune cell responses, although NK cells can kill HIV-infected cells and thereby suppress HIV replication. Considerable recent research has emerged regarding NK cells in the areas of immune checkpoints, negative regulation, antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity and HIV reservoirs during HIV infection; however, no overall summary of these factors is available. This review focuses on several important aspects of NK cells in relation to HIV infection, including changes in NK cell count, subpopulations, and immune checkpoints, as well as abnormalities in NK cell functions and NK cell negative regulation. The protective function of NK cells in inhibiting HIV replication to reduce the viral reservoir and approaches for enhancing NK cell functions are also summarized.
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Cao WJ, Zhang XC, Wan LY, Li QY, Mu XY, Guo AL, Zhou MJ, Shen LL, Zhang C, Fan X, Jiao YM, Xu RN, Zhou CB, Yuan JH, Wang SQ, Wang FS, Song JW. Immune Dysfunctions of CD56 neg NK Cells Are Associated With HIV-1 Disease Progression. Front Immunol 2022; 12:811091. [PMID: 35069597 PMCID: PMC8777256 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.811091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Populations of natural killer cells lacking CD56 expression [CD56neg natural killer (NK) cells] have been demonstrated to expand during human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 infection. However, their phenotypic and functional characteristics have not been systematically analyzed, and their roles during disease progression remain poorly understood. Methods In this study, 84 donors, namely 34 treatment-naïve HIV-1-infected patients (TNs), 29 HIV-1-infected patients with successful antiretroviral therapy (ARTs), and 21 healthy controls (HCs), were enrolled. The phenotypic and functional characteristics of CD56neg NK cells were analyzed using single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) and flow cytometry. A potential link between the characteristics of CD56neg NK cells and the clinical parameters associated with HIV-1 disease progression was examined. Results The frequency of the CD56neg NK cell population was significantly increased in TNs, which could be partially rescued by ART. Flow cytometry analyses revealed that CD56neg NK cells were characterized by high expression of CD39, TIGIT, CD95, and Ki67 compared to CD56dim NK cells. In vitro assays revealed reduced IFN-γ and TNF-α secretion, as well as decreased expression of granzyme B and perforin in CD56neg NK cells. In line with the data obtained by flow cytometry, scRNA-seq analysis further demonstrated impaired cytotoxic activities of CD56neg NK cells. Notably, a negative correlation was observed between CD39, CD95, and Ki67 expression levels in CD56neg NK cells and CD4+ T cell counts. Conclusions The results presented in this study indicate that the CD56neg NK cell population expanded in HIV-1-infected individuals is dysfunctional and closely correlates with HIV-1 disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jing Cao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | | | - Lin-Yu Wan
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China.,Department of Infectious Diseases, the Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Qing-Yu Li
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiu-Ying Mu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - An-Liang Guo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Ming-Ju Zhou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Li Shen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China.,Department of Infectious Diseases, the Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Xing Fan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Mei Jiao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Ruo-Nan Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Chun-Bao Zhou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Hong Yuan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Sheng-Qi Wang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Fu-Sheng Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Department of Infectious Diseases, the Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Wen Song
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
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7
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Doria M, Zicari S, Cotugno N, Domínguez‐Rodríguez S, Ruggiero A, Pascucci GR, Tagarro A, Rojo Conejo P, Nastouli E, Gärtner K, Cameron M, Richardson B, Foster C, Williams SL, Rinaldi S, De Rossi A, Giaquinto C, Rossi P, Pahwa S, Palma P. Early ART initiation during infancy preserves natural killer cells in young European adolescents living with HIV (CARMA cohort). J Int AIDS Soc 2021; 24:e25717. [PMID: 34235857 PMCID: PMC8264399 DOI: 10.1002/jia2.25717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION HIV infection causes pathological changes in the natural killer (NK) cell compartment that can be only partially restored by antiretroviral therapy (ART). We investigated NK cells phenotype and function in children with perinatally acquired HIV (PHIV) and long-term viral control (five years) due to effective ART in a multicentre cross-sectional European study (CARMA, EPIICAL consortium). The impact of age at ART start and viral reservoir was also evaluated. METHODS Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 40 PHIV who started ART within two years of life (early treated patients (ET), ≤6 months; late treated patients (LT), > 6 months), with at least five years of HIV-1 suppression (<40 HIV copies/mL), were collected between November 2017 and August 2018. NK phenotype and function were analysed by flow cytometry and transcriptional profile of PBMCs by RNA-Seq. HIV-1 DNA was measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction (Data were analysed by Spearman correlation plots and multivariable Poisson regression model (adjusted for baseline %CD4 and RNA HIV viral load and for age at ART start as an interaction term, either ET or LT) to explore the association between NK cell parameters and HIV reservoir modulated by age at ART start. RESULTS A significantly higher frequency of CD56neg NK cells was found in LT compared with ET. We further found in LT a positive correlation of CD56neg NK cells with HIV-1 DNA. LT also displayed increased expression of the NKG2D and NKp46 activating receptors and perforin compared with ET. Moreover, CD107a+ and IFN-γ+ frequencies in non-stimulated NK were associated with HIV-1 DNA in LT patients. Finally, RNA-Seq analysis showed in LT an up-regulation of genes related to NK-activating pathways and susceptibility to apoptosis compared with ET. CONCLUSIONS We show that early initiation of ART during infancy preserves the NK compartment and is associated with lower HIV-1 reservoir. Such condition persists over adolescence due to long-term viral control achieved through effective ART.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Doria
- Research Unit of Primary ImmunodeficiencyBambino Gesú Children's HospitalIRCCSRomeItaly
| | - Sonia Zicari
- Research Unit of Clinical Immunology and VaccinologyAcademic Department of Pediatrics (DPUO)Bambino Gesù Children's HospitalIRCCSRomeItaly
| | - Nicola Cotugno
- Research Unit of Clinical Immunology and VaccinologyAcademic Department of Pediatrics (DPUO)Bambino Gesù Children's HospitalIRCCSRomeItaly
- Department of Systems MedicineChair of PediatricsUniversity of Rome "Tor Vergata"RomeItaly
| | - Sara Domínguez‐Rodríguez
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases UnitFundación para la Investigación Biomédica del HospitalMadridSpain
| | - Alessandra Ruggiero
- Research Unit of Primary ImmunodeficiencyBambino Gesú Children's HospitalIRCCSRomeItaly
| | - Giuseppe R Pascucci
- Research Unit of Primary ImmunodeficiencyBambino Gesú Children's HospitalIRCCSRomeItaly
- Research Unit of Clinical Immunology and VaccinologyAcademic Department of Pediatrics (DPUO)Bambino Gesù Children's HospitalIRCCSRomeItaly
- Department of Systems MedicineChair of PediatricsUniversity of Rome "Tor Vergata"RomeItaly
| | - Alfredo Tagarro
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases UnitFundación para la Investigación Biomédica del HospitalMadridSpain
| | - Pablo Rojo Conejo
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases UnitFundación para la Investigación Biomédica del HospitalMadridSpain
| | - Eleni Nastouli
- Department of VirologyUniversity College Hospital LondonUK
| | | | - Mark Cameron
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOHUSA
| | - Brian Richardson
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOHUSA
| | | | - Sion L Williams
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFLUSA
| | - Stefano Rinaldi
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFLUSA
| | - Anita De Rossi
- Section of Oncology and ImmunologyDepartment of Surgery, Oncology, and GastroenterologyUnit of Viral Oncology and AIDS Reference CenterUniversity of PadovaPadovaItaly
- Istituto Oncologico Veneto (IOV)‐IRCCSRomeItaly
| | - Carlo Giaquinto
- Department of Mother and Child HealthUniversity of PadovaPadovaItaly
| | - Paolo Rossi
- Research Unit of Primary ImmunodeficiencyBambino Gesú Children's HospitalIRCCSRomeItaly
- Research Unit of Clinical Immunology and VaccinologyAcademic Department of Pediatrics (DPUO)Bambino Gesù Children's HospitalIRCCSRomeItaly
- Department of Systems MedicineChair of PediatricsUniversity of Rome "Tor Vergata"RomeItaly
| | - Savita Pahwa
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFLUSA
| | - Paolo Palma
- Research Unit of Primary ImmunodeficiencyBambino Gesú Children's HospitalIRCCSRomeItaly
- Research Unit of Clinical Immunology and VaccinologyAcademic Department of Pediatrics (DPUO)Bambino Gesù Children's HospitalIRCCSRomeItaly
- Department of Systems MedicineChair of PediatricsUniversity of Rome "Tor Vergata"RomeItaly
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Wijaya RS, Read SA, Schibeci S, Han S, Azardaryany MK, van der Poorten D, Lin R, Yuen L, Lam V, Douglas MW, George J, Ahlenstiel G. Expansion of dysfunctional CD56-CD16+ NK cells in chronic hepatitis B patients. Liver Int 2021; 41:969-981. [PMID: 33411395 DOI: 10.1111/liv.14784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Natural killer (NK) cells are primary innate effector cells that play an important role in the control of human viral infections. During chronic viral infection, NK cells undergo significant changes in phenotype, function and subset distribution, including the appearance of CD56-CD16+ (CD56-) NK cells, previously identified in chronic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus infection. However, the presence of CD56- NK cells in the pathogenesis of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) remains unknown. METHODS Phenotype and function of CD56- NK cells from patients with CHB (n = 28) were assessed using flow cytometry and in vitro stimulation with HBV antigen. RESULTS CHB patients had a higher frequency of CD56- NK cells compared to healthy controls in peripheral blood (6.2% vs 1.4%, P < .0001). Compared to CD56+ NK cells, CD56- NK cells had increased expression of inhibitory receptors, and reduced expression of activating receptors, as measured by MFI and qPCR. CD56- NK cells were less responsive to target cell and cytokine stimulation compared to their CD56+ counterparts. In addition, CD56- NK cells demonstrated defective dendritic cells (DCs) interactions resulting in reduced DCs maturation, lower expression of NK CD69 and impaired capacity of NK cells to eliminate immature DCs in co-culture studies. Finally, frequency of CD56- NK cells was positively correlated with serum HBV DNA levels. CONCLUSION Chronic HBV infection induces the expansion of highly dysfunctional of CD56- NK cells that likely contribute to inefficient innate and adaptive antiviral immune response in chronic HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratna S Wijaya
- Storr Liver Centre, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, Pelita Harapan University, Tangerang, Indonesia
| | - Scott A Read
- Storr Liver Centre, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia.,Blacktown Clinical School, Western Sydney University, Blacktown, NSW, Australia.,Blacktown Hospital, Blacktown, NSW, Australia
| | - Stephen Schibeci
- Storr Liver Centre, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Shuanglin Han
- Storr Liver Centre, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Mahmoud K Azardaryany
- Storr Liver Centre, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Rita Lin
- Westmead Hospital, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Lawrence Yuen
- Westmead Hospital, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia.,Discipline of Surgery, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Vincent Lam
- Westmead Hospital, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia.,Discipline of Surgery, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Mark W Douglas
- Storr Liver Centre, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia.,Westmead Hospital, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia.,Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, University of Sydney at Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Jacob George
- Storr Liver Centre, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia.,Westmead Hospital, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Golo Ahlenstiel
- Storr Liver Centre, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia.,Blacktown Clinical School, Western Sydney University, Blacktown, NSW, Australia.,Blacktown Hospital, Blacktown, NSW, Australia
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Ortega-Rodríguez AC, Martínez-Hernández R, Monsiváis-Urenda A, Serrano-Somavilla A, Sánchez-Gutiérrez R, González-Amaro R, Marazuela M. Quantitative and Functional Analysis of PD-1+ NK Cells in Patients With Autoimmune Thyroid Disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5895510. [PMID: 32823277 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Natural killer (NK) cells have an important role in innate immunity and in the regulation of immune response. The role of NK cells expressing the programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) regulatory receptor has not been explored in patients with autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD). PURPOSE To analyze the levels and function of PD-1+ NK cells in samples from AITD patients. DESIGN Cases and controls, observational study. SETTING Hospital Universitario la Princesa, Spain. PATIENTS Forty patients with AITD, 16 with Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT), 24 with Graves' disease (GD), and 15 healthy controls. INTERVENTION Multiparametric flow cytometry analysis of peripheral blood NK cells. In vitro assays of cytotoxic activity of NK cells, and synthesis of cytokines. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Levels and function of PD-1+ NK cells in blood samples from AITD patients and controls. RESULTS Increased levels of NK cells and the CD56dimPD-1+ subset were observed in GD patients. In HT, an enhanced expression of the regulatory receptors NKG2A and NKG2C by CD56brightPD-1+ NK cells was detected. AITD patients showed an increased synthesis of IL-10 by CD56brightPD-1- NK cells, whereas CD56dimPD-1+ cells from GD patients exhibited an enhanced production of interferon-γ. PD-1+ NK cells from patients with GD and HT showed an increased cytotoxic activity. Significant associations were observed in patients with GD or HT between the levels of PD-1+ NK cells and clinical laboratory parameters. CONCLUSIONS The different abnormalities in NK cell subset levels, in the expression of PD-1 and its function in AITD patients' further support the complex role of these cells in this pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rebeca Martínez-Hernández
- Service of Endocrinology, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, España
| | - Adriana Monsiváis-Urenda
- Section of Molecular and Translational Medicine, CICSaB, UASLP, San Luis Potosí, SLP, México
- Dept. of Immunology, School of Medicine, UASLP, San Luis Potosí, SLP, México
| | - Ana Serrano-Somavilla
- Service of Endocrinology, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, España
| | | | - Roberto González-Amaro
- Section of Molecular and Translational Medicine, CICSaB, UASLP, San Luis Potosí, SLP, México
- Dept. of Immunology, School of Medicine, UASLP, San Luis Potosí, SLP, México
| | - Mónica Marazuela
- Service of Endocrinology, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, España
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10
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Li M, Guo W, Dong Y, Wang X, Dai D, Liu X, Wu Y, Li M, Zhang W, Zhou H, Zhang Z, Lin L, Kang Z, Yu T, Tian C, Qin R, Gui Y, Jiang F, Fan H, Heissmeyer V, Sarapultsev A, Wang L, Luo S, Hu D. Elevated Exhaustion Levels of NK and CD8 + T Cells as Indicators for Progression and Prognosis of COVID-19 Disease. Front Immunol 2020; 11:580237. [PMID: 33154753 PMCID: PMC7591707 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.580237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) induced Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has posed a global threat to public health. The immune system is crucial in defending and eliminating the virus and infected cells. However, immune dysregulation may result in the rapid progression of COVID-19. Here, we evaluated the subsets, phenotypic and functional characteristics of natural killer (NK) and T cells in patients with COVID-19 and their associations with disease severity. Methods Demographic and clinical data of COVID-19 patients enrolled in Wuhan Union Hospital from February 25 to February 27, 2020, were collected and analyzed. The phenotypic and functional characteristics of NK cells and T cells subsets in circulating blood and serum levels of cytokines were analyzed via flow cytometry. Then the LASSO logistic regression model was employed to predict risk factors for the severity of COVID-19. Results The counts and percentages of NK cells, CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells and NKT cells were significantly reduced in patients with severe symptoms. The cytotoxic CD3-CD56dimCD16+ cell population significantly decreased, while the CD3-CD56dimCD16- part significantly increased in severe COVID-19 patients. More importantly, elevated expression of regulatory molecules, such as CD244 and programmed death-1 (PD-1), on NK cells and T cells, as well as decreased serum cytotoxic effector molecules including perforin and granzyme A, were detected in patients with COVID-19. The serum IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α were significantly increased in severe patients. Moreover, the CD3-CD56dimCD16- cells were screened out as an influential factor in severe cases by LASSO logistic regression. Conclusions The functional exhaustion and other subset alteration of NK and T cells may contribute to the progression and improve the prognosis of COVID-19. Surveillance of lymphocyte subsets may in the future enable early screening for signs of critical illness and understanding the pathogenesis of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Li
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Weina Guo
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yalan Dong
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaobei Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Die Dai
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Molecular-Imaging, Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xingxing Liu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yiquan Wu
- HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Mengmeng Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Department of Paediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Haifeng Zhou
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zili Zhang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lan Lin
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhenyu Kang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ting Yu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chunxia Tian
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Renjie Qin
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Gui
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Feng Jiang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Heng Fan
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Vigo Heissmeyer
- Institute for Immunology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Institute of Molecular Immunology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexey Sarapultsev
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shanshan Luo
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Desheng Hu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Utay NS, Vigil KJ, Somasunderam A, Aulicino PC, Smulevitz B, Chiadika S, Wolf DS, Kimata JT, Arduino RC. Timing of Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation Determines Rectal Natural Killer Cell Populations. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2020; 36:314-323. [PMID: 31838858 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2019.0225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite antiretroviral therapy (ART), innate and adaptive immunologic damage persists in the periphery and gut. T memory stem cells (Tscm) and natural killer (NK) cells are pivotal for host defense. Tscm are memory cells capable of antigen response and self-renewal, and circulating and gut NK cell populations may facilitate HIV control. The impact of early ART on circulating and gut Tscm and NK cells is unknown. We enrolled participants who initiated ART during acute versus chronic HIV-1 infection versus no ART in chronic infection. We performed flow cytometry to identify NK and Tscm cells in the blood and rectum and polymerase chain reaction to quantify the HIV-1 reservoir in both sites. We used the Mann-Whitney U-test and Spearman correlation coefficients for analysis. Participants who started ART in acute infection had lower rectal CD56brightCD16dim cell frequencies than participants who started ART in chronic HIV-1 infection and lower CD56bright and CD56brightCD16- cell frequencies than participants with chronic infection without ART. Higher circulating NK cell, CD56-CD16bright, CD56dim, and CD56dimCD16bright frequencies correlated with higher HIV-1 DNA levels in rectal CD4+ T cells, whereas higher circulating CD4+ T cell counts correlated with higher rectal NK, CD56brightCD16dim, and CD56dimCD16bright frequencies. Peripheral CD56brightCD16- cells were inversely associated with rectal CD56-CD16bright cells. Rectal CD8+ Tscm frequencies were higher in participants without ART than participants with chronic infection on ART. Timing of ART initiation determines rectal NK cell populations, and ART may influence rectal Tscm populations. Whether the gut reservoir contributes to NK cell activation requires further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Netanya S. Utay
- Division of General Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, UT Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Karen J. Vigil
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, UT Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Anoma Somasunderam
- Division of General Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, UT Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Paula C. Aulicino
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Retrovirus, Hospital de Pediatría “Juan P. Garrahan”-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Beverly Smulevitz
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, UT Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Simbo Chiadika
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, UT Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Jason T. Kimata
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Roberto C. Arduino
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, UT Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
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