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Grayson SC, Cummings MH, Wesmiller S, Bender C. The Cancer Genomic Integration Model for Symptom Science (CGIMSS): A Biopsychosocial Framework. Biol Res Nurs 2023; 25:210-219. [PMID: 36206160 PMCID: PMC10236443 DOI: 10.1177/10998004221132250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Current nursing research has characterized symptom clusters and trajectories in individuals with breast cancer. The existing literature describes the relationship between symptoms and biological variables and the potential moderating effects of individual and social factors. The genomic profiling of breast cancer has also been an area of much recent research. Emerging evidence indicates that incorporating cancer genomics into symptom science research can aid in the prognostication of symptoms and elucidate targets for symptom management interventions. The aim of this paper is to outline a model to integrate cancer genomics into symptom science research, illustrated using breast cancer and psychoneurological (PN) symptoms as an example. We present a review of the current literature surrounding breast cancer genomics (specifically cancer genomic instability) and the biological underpinnings of the PN symptom cluster. Advances in both of these areas indicate that inflammation may serve as the bridge between cancer genomics and the PN symptom cluster. We also outline how the integration of cancer genomics into symptom science research synergizes with current research of individual and social factors in relation to symptoms. This model aims to provide a framework to guide future biopsychosocial symptom science research that can elucidate new predictive methods and new targets for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan C. Grayson
- School of Nursing, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Susan Wesmiller
- School of Nursing, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Catherine Bender
- School of Nursing, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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2
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Ke CH, Chiu YH, Huang KC, Lin CS. Exposure of Immunogenic Tumor Antigens in Surrendered Immunity and the Significance of Autologous Tumor Cell-Based Vaccination in Precision Medicine. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010147. [PMID: 36613591 PMCID: PMC9820296 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms by which immune systems identify and destroy tumors, known as immunosurveillance, have been discussed for decades. However, several factors that lead to tumor persistence and escape from the attack of immune cells in a normal immune system have been found. In the process known as immunoediting, tumors decrease their immunogenicity and evade immunosurveillance. Furthermore, tumors exploit factors such as regulatory T cells, myeloid-derived suppressive cells, and inhibitory cytokines that avoid cytotoxic T cell (CTL) recognition. Current immunotherapies targeting tumors and their surroundings have been proposed. One such immunotherapy is autologous cancer vaccines (ACVs), which are characterized by enriched tumor antigens that can escalate specific CTL responses. Unfortunately, ACVs usually fail to activate desirable therapeutic effects, and the low immunogenicity of ACVs still needs to be elucidated. This difficulty highlights the significance of immunogenic antigens in antitumor therapies. Previous studies have shown that defective host immunity triggers tumor development by reprogramming tumor antigenic expressions. This phenomenon sheds new light on ACVs and provides a potential cue to improve the effectiveness of ACVs. Furthermore, synergistically with the ACV treatment, combinational therapy, which can reverse the suppressive tumor microenvironments, has also been widely proposed. Thus, in this review, we focus on tumor immunogenicity sculpted by the immune systems and discuss the significance and application of restructuring tumor antigens in precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiao-Hsu Ke
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Han Chiu
- Department of Microbiology, Soochow University, Taipei 111002, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Chin Huang
- Holistic Education Center, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City 25245, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Si Lin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-233-661-286
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D’Accardo C, Porcelli G, Mangiapane LR, Modica C, Pantina VD, Roozafzay N, Di Franco S, Gaggianesi M, Veschi V, Lo Iacono M, Todaro M, Turdo A, Stassi G. Cancer cell targeting by CAR-T cells: A matter of stemness. FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR MEDICINE 2022; 2:1055028. [PMID: 39086964 PMCID: PMC11285689 DOI: 10.3389/fmmed.2022.1055028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy represents one of the most innovative immunotherapy approaches. The encouraging results achieved by CAR-T cell therapy in hematological disorders paved the way for the employment of CAR engineered T cells in different types of solid tumors. This adoptive cell therapy represents a selective and efficacious approach to eradicate tumors through the recognition of tumor-associated antigens (TAAs). Binding of engineered CAR-T cells to TAAs provokes the release of several cytokines, granzyme, and perforin that ultimately lead to cancer cells elimination and patient's immune system boosting. Within the tumor mass a subpopulation of cancer cells, known as cancer stem cells (CSCs), plays a crucial role in drug resistance, tumor progression, and metastasis. CAR-T cell therapy has indeed been exploited to target CSCs specific antigens as an effective strategy for tumor heterogeneity disruption. Nevertheless, a barrier to the efficacy of CAR-T cell-based therapy is represented by the poor persistence of CAR-T cells into the hostile milieu of the CSCs niche, the development of resistance to single targeting antigen, changes in tumor and T cell metabolism, and the onset of severe adverse effects. CSCs resistance is corroborated by the presence of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), which includes stromal cells, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), and immune cells. The relationship between TME components and CSCs dampens the efficacy of CAR-T cell therapy. To overcome this challenge, the double strategy based on the use of CAR-T cell therapy in combination with chemotherapy could be crucial to evade immunosuppressive TME. Here, we summarize challenges and limitations of CAR-T cell therapy targeting CSCs, with particular emphasis on the role of TME and T cell metabolic demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina D’Accardo
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Gaetana Porcelli
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Laura Rosa Mangiapane
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Chiara Modica
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Sciences (DICHIRONS), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Davide Pantina
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Sciences (DICHIRONS), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Narges Roozafzay
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Simone Di Franco
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Sciences (DICHIRONS), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Miriam Gaggianesi
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Sciences (DICHIRONS), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Veronica Veschi
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Sciences (DICHIRONS), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Melania Lo Iacono
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Matilde Todaro
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Alice Turdo
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giorgio Stassi
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Sciences (DICHIRONS), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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4
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Kartikasari AER, Cassar E, Razqan MAM, Szydzik C, Huertas CS, Mitchell A, Plebanski M. Elevation of circulating TNF receptor 2 in cancer: A systematic meta-analysis for its potential as a diagnostic cancer biomarker. Front Immunol 2022; 13:918254. [PMID: 36466914 PMCID: PMC9708892 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.918254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
High Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor 2 (TNFR2) expression is characteristic of diverse malignant cells during tumorigenesis. The protein is also expressed by many immunosuppressive cells during cancer development, allowing cancer immune escape. A growing body of evidence further suggests a correlation between the circulating form of this protein and cancer development. Here we conducted a systematic meta-analysis of cancer studies published up until 1st October 2022, in which the circulating soluble TNFR2 (sTNFR2) concentrations in patients with cancers were recorded and their association with cancer risk was assessed. Of the 14,615 identified articles, 44 studies provided data on the correlation between cancer risk and the level of circulating sTNFR2. The pooled means comparison showed a consistently significant increase in the levels of sTNFR2 in diverse cancers when compared to healthy controls. These included colorectal cancer, ovarian cancer, breast cancer, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, Hodgkin's lymphoma, lung cancer, hepatocarcinoma, and glioblastoma. In a random-effect meta-analysis, the cancer-specific odd ratios (OR) showed significant correlations between increased circulating sTNFR2 levels and the risk of colorectal cancer, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and hepatocarcinoma at 1.59 (95% CI:1.20-2.11), 1.98 (95% CI:1.49-2.64) and 4.32 (95% CI:2.25-8.31) respectively. The overall result showed an association between circulating levels of sTNFR2 and the risk of developing cancer at 1.76 (95% CI:1.53-2.02). This meta-analysis supports sTNFR2 as a potential diagnostic biomarker for cancer, albeit with different predictive strengths for different cancer types. This is consistent with a potential key role for TNFR2 involvement in cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apriliana E. R. Kartikasari
- Translational Immunology and Nanotechnology Theme, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT) University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Emily Cassar
- Translational Immunology and Nanotechnology Theme, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT) University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Mohammed A. M. Razqan
- Translational Immunology and Nanotechnology Theme, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT) University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
- Integrated Photonics and Applications Centre (InPaC), School of Engineering, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT) University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Crispin Szydzik
- Integrated Photonics and Applications Centre (InPaC), School of Engineering, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT) University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Cesar S. Huertas
- Integrated Photonics and Applications Centre (InPaC), School of Engineering, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT) University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Arnan Mitchell
- Integrated Photonics and Applications Centre (InPaC), School of Engineering, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT) University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Magdalena Plebanski
- Translational Immunology and Nanotechnology Theme, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT) University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
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Martín-Otal C, Lasarte-Cia A, Serrano D, Casares N, Conde E, Navarro F, Sánchez-Moreno I, Gorraiz M, Sarrión P, Calvo A, De Andrea CE, Echeveste J, Vilas A, Rodriguez-Madoz JR, San Miguel J, Prosper F, Hervas-Stubbs S, Lasarte JJ, Lozano T. Targeting the extra domain A of fibronectin for cancer therapy with CAR-T cells. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:jitc-2021-004479. [PMID: 35918123 PMCID: PMC9351345 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-004479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the main difficulties of adoptive cell therapies with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells in solid tumors is the identification of specific target antigens. The tumor microenvironment can present suitable antigens for CAR design, even though they are not expressed by the tumor cells. We have generated a CAR specific for the splice variant extra domain A (EDA) of fibronectin, which is highly expressed in the tumor stroma of many types of tumors but not in healthy tissues. METHODS EDA expression was explored in RNA-seq data from different human tumor types and by immunohistochemistry in paraffin-embedded tumor biopsies. Murine and human anti-EDA CAR-T cells were prepared using recombinant retro/lentiviruses, respectively. The functionality of EDA CAR-T cells was measured in vitro in response to antigen stimulation. The antitumor activity of EDA CAR-T cells was measured in vivo in C57BL/6 mice challenged with PM299L-EDA hepatocarcinoma cell line, in 129Sv mice-bearing F9 teratocarcinoma and in NSG mice injected with the human hepatocarcinoma cell line PLC. RESULTS EDA CAR-T cells recognized and killed EDA-expressing tumor cell lines in vitro and rejected EDA-expressing tumors in immunocompetent mice. Notably, EDA CAR-T cells showed an antitumor effect in mice injected with EDA-negative tumor cells lines when the tumor stroma or the basement membrane of tumor endothelial cells express EDA. Thus, EDA CAR-T administration delayed tumor growth in immunocompetent 129Sv mice challenged with teratocarcinoma cell line F9. EDA CAR-T treatment exerted an antiangiogenic effect and significantly reduced gene signatures associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition, collagen synthesis, extracellular matrix organization as well as IL-6-STAT5 and KRAS pathways. Importantly, the human version of EDA CAR, that includes the human 41BB and CD3ζ endodomains, exerted strong antitumor activity in NSG mice challenged with the human hepatocarcinoma cell line PLC, which expresses EDA in the tumor stroma and the endothelial vasculature. EDA CAR-T cells exhibited a tropism for EDA-expressing tumor tissue and no toxicity was observed in tumor bearing or in healthy mice. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that targeting the tumor-specific fibronectin splice variant EDA with CAR-T cells is feasible and offers a therapeutic option that is applicable to different types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia Martín-Otal
- Programa de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Aritz Lasarte-Cia
- Programa de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Diego Serrano
- Programa de Tumores sólidos, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Noelia Casares
- Programa de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Enrique Conde
- Programa de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Flor Navarro
- Programa de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Inés Sánchez-Moreno
- Programa de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Marta Gorraiz
- Programa de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Patricia Sarrión
- Programa de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Alfonso Calvo
- Programa de Tumores sólidos, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Carlos E De Andrea
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Departamento de Patología, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - José Echeveste
- Departamento de Patología, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Amaia Vilas
- Programa de Hemato-Oncología, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada, CIMA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Juan Roberto Rodriguez-Madoz
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Cancer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain,Cancer Center Universidad de Navarra (CCUN), Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jesús San Miguel
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Cancer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain,Cancer Center Universidad de Navarra (CCUN), Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Felipe Prosper
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Programa de Hemato-Oncología, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada, CIMA, Pamplona, Spain.,Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Cancer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain,Cancer Center Universidad de Navarra (CCUN), Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Sandra Hervas-Stubbs
- Programa de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada, Pamplona, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Juan Jose Lasarte
- Departamento de Hematología, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Teresa Lozano
- Departamento de Hematología, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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6
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Yi Z, Ma T, Liu J, Tie W, Li Y, Bai J, Li L, Zhang L. The yin–yang effects of immunity: From monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance to multiple myeloma. Front Immunol 2022; 13:925266. [PMID: 35958625 PMCID: PMC9357873 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.925266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is the third most common malignant neoplasm of the hematological system. It often develops from monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM) precursor states. In this process, the immune microenvironment interacts with the MM cells to exert yin and yang effects, promoting tumor progression on the one hand and inhibiting it on the other. Despite significant therapeutic advances, MM remains incurable, and the main reason for this may be related to the complex and variable immune microenvironment. Therefore, it is crucial to investigate the dynamic relationship between the immune microenvironment and tumors, to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of different factors in the microenvironment, and to develop novel therapeutic agents targeting the immune microenvironment of MM. In this paper, we review the latest research progress and describe the dual influences of the immune microenvironment on the development and progression of MM from the perspective of immune cells and molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Yi
- Department of Hematology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics and Pediatrics Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Tao Ma
- Department of Hematology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Hematology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wenting Tie
- Department of Hematology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yanhong Li
- Department of Hematology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jun Bai
- Department of Hematology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lijuan Li
- Department of Hematology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Lijuan Li, ; Liansheng Zhang,
| | - Liansheng Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Lijuan Li, ; Liansheng Zhang,
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7
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Mehta PH, Fiorenza S, Koldej RM, Jaworowski A, Ritchie DS, Quinn KM. T Cell Fitness and Autologous CAR T Cell Therapy in Haematologic Malignancy. Front Immunol 2021; 12:780442. [PMID: 34899742 PMCID: PMC8658247 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.780442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A range of emerging therapeutic approaches for the treatment of cancer aim to induce or augment endogenous T cell responses. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy (CTT) is one such approach that utilises the patient’s own T cells, engineered ex vivo to target cell surface antigens, to eliminate haematological malignancies. Despite mediating high rates of responses in some clinical trials, this approach can be limited by dysfunctional T cells if they are present at high frequencies either in the starting material from the patient or the CAR T cell product. The fitness of an individual’s T cells, driven by age, chronic infection, disease burden and cancer treatment, is therefore likely to be a crucial limiting factor of CTT. Currently, T cell dysfunction and its impact on CTT is not specifically quantified when patients are considering the therapy. Here, we review our current understanding of T cell fitness for CTT, how fitness may be impacted by age, chronic infection, malignancy, and treatment. Finally, we explore options to specifically tailor clinical decision-making and the CTT protocol for patients with more extensive dysfunction to improve treatment efficacy. A greater understanding of T cell fitness throughout a patient’s treatment course could ultimately be used to identify patients likely to achieve favourable CTT outcomes and improve methods for T cell collection and CTT delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palak H Mehta
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT) University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Salvatore Fiorenza
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Rachel M Koldej
- Australian Cancer Research Foundation (ACRF) Translational Laboratory, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Anthony Jaworowski
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT) University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - David S Ritchie
- Australian Cancer Research Foundation (ACRF) Translational Laboratory, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kylie M Quinn
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT) University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
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8
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Amer H, Kartikasari AER, Plebanski M. Elevated Interleukin-6 Levels in the Circulation and Peritoneal Fluid of Patients with Ovarian Cancer as a Potential Diagnostic Biomarker: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Pers Med 2021; 11:1335. [PMID: 34945807 PMCID: PMC8704427 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11121335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is one of the most lethal cancers, largely due to a late diagnosis. This study aimed to provide a comprehensive meta-analysis on the diagnostic performance of IL6 in the blood and ascites separately for advanced and early-stage OC. We included 37 studies with 6948 participants detecting serum or plasma IL6. The plasma/serum IL6 mean level in the late-stage OC was 23.88 pg/mL (95% CI: 13.84-41.23), and the early-stage OC was 16.67 pg/mL (95% CI: 510.06-27.61), significantly higher than the healthy controls at 3.96 pg/mL (95% CI: 2.02-7.73), but not significantly higher than those found in the controls with benign growths in the ovary, which was 9.63 pg/mL (95% CI: 4.16-22.26). To evaluate IL6 in ascites as a diagnostic marker, we included 26 studies with 1590 participants. The mean level of ascitic IL6 in the late-stage OC was 3676.93 pg/mL (95% CI: 1891.7-7146.7), and the early-stage OC was 1519.21 pg/mL (95% CI: 604.6-3817.7), significantly higher than the benign controls at 247.33 pg/mL (95% CI: 96.2-636.0). There was no significant correlation between the levels of circulating and ascitic IL6. When pooling all OC stages for analysis, we found that serum/plasma IL6 provided 76.7% sensitivity (95% CI: 0.71-0.92) and 72% specificity (95% CI: 0.64-0.79). Ascitic IL6 provided higher sensitivity at 84% (95% CI: 0.710-0.919) and specificity at 74% (95% CI: 0.646-0.826). This study highlights the utility of ascitic IL6 for early detection of OC.
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9
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Ibrutinib protects T cells in patients with CLL from proliferation-induced senescence. J Transl Med 2021; 19:473. [PMID: 34809665 PMCID: PMC8609739 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-03136-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The development of Bruton’s tyrosine kinase inhibitors (BTKi) for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) has provided a highly effective and relatively non-toxic alternative to conventional chemotherapy. Some studies have shown that BTKi can also lead to improvements in T cell immunity in patients despite in vitro analyses suggesting an immunosuppressive effect of BTKi on T cell function. Methods In this study, we examined both the in vitro effect and long-term in vivo effect of two clinically available BTKi, ibrutinib and zanubrutinib. Additional in vitro assessments were undertaken for a third BTKi, acalabrutinib. Immune subset phenotyping, cytokine secretion, T cell degranulation and proliferation assays were performed on peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from untreated CLL patients, and CLL patients on long-term (> 12 months) BTKi treatment. Results Similar to prior studies we observed that long-term BTKi treatment normalises lymphocyte subset frequency and reduces PD-1 expression on T cells. We also observed that T cells from patients taken prior to BTKi therapy showed an abnormal hyper-proliferation pattern typical of senescent T cells, which was normalised by long-term BTKi treatment. Furthermore, BTKi therapy resulted in reduced expression of the T cell exhaustion markers PD-1, TIM3 and LAG3 in late generations of T cells undergoing proliferation. Conclusions Collectively, these findings indicate that there are critical differences between the in vitro effects of BTKi on T cell function and the effects derived from long-term BTKi exposure in vivo. Overall long-term exposure to BTKi, and particularly ibrutinib, resulted in improved T cell fitness in part due to suppressing the abnormal hyper-proliferation of CLL T cells and the associated development of T cell senescence. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12967-021-03136-2.
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10
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Kartikasari AER, Huertas CS, Mitchell A, Plebanski M. Tumor-Induced Inflammatory Cytokines and the Emerging Diagnostic Devices for Cancer Detection and Prognosis. Front Oncol 2021; 11:692142. [PMID: 34307156 PMCID: PMC8294036 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.692142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation generated by the tumor microenvironment is known to drive cancer initiation, proliferation, progression, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance. The tumor microenvironment promotes the secretion of diverse cytokines, in different types and stages of cancers. These cytokines may inhibit tumor development but alternatively may contribute to chronic inflammation that supports tumor growth in both autocrine and paracrine manners and have been linked to poor cancer outcomes. Such distinct sets of cytokines from the tumor microenvironment can be detected in the circulation and are thus potentially useful as biomarkers to detect cancers, predict disease outcomes and manage therapeutic choices. Indeed, analyses of circulating cytokines in combination with cancer-specific biomarkers have been proposed to simplify and improve cancer detection and prognosis, especially from minimally-invasive liquid biopsies, such as blood. Additionally, the cytokine signaling signatures of the peripheral immune cells, even from patients with localized tumors, are recently found altered in cancer, and may also prove applicable as cancer biomarkers. Here we review cytokines induced by the tumor microenvironment, their roles in various stages of cancer development, and their potential use in diagnostics and prognostics. We further discuss the established and emerging diagnostic approaches that can be used to detect cancers from liquid biopsies, and additionally the technological advancement required for their use in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apriliana E. R. Kartikasari
- Translational Immunology and Nanotechnology Research Program, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Cesar S. Huertas
- Integrated Photonics and Applications Centre (InPAC), School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Arnan Mitchell
- Integrated Photonics and Applications Centre (InPAC), School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Magdalena Plebanski
- Translational Immunology and Nanotechnology Research Program, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
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Total Antioxidant Capacity and Lipid Peroxidation Status in Cervical Cancer Patients Compared with Women Without Cervical Cancer in Bangladesh. INDIAN JOURNAL OF GYNECOLOGIC ONCOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40944-021-00560-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose
Over the past several decades, research has suggested reactive oxygen species act as cofactors for cervical cancer development. The aim of this study is to evaluate the antioxidant and lipid peroxidation status in cervical cancer patients in Bangladesh.
Methods
From December 2017 to 2018, a cross-sectional observational study was conducted on 50 cervical cancer patients and 50 controls. Plasma levels of lipid peroxidation and total antioxidant capacity were measured. The Student’s t test was used for statistical analysis. P values less than 0.05 were taken as a level of significance.
Results
There was a significant reduction in total antioxidant levels in patients with cervical cancer, 972.77 ± 244.22 SD µmol equivalent to ascorbic acid/L, compared to normal controls, 1720.13 ± 150.81 SD µmol equivalent to ascorbic acid/L (P < 0.001). Levels of lipid peroxidation were found to be significantly higher in cervical cancer, 7.49 ± 2.13 SD µmol/L, than in women without cervical cancer, 3.28 ± 0.58 SD µmol/L (P < 0.001). The cervical cancer patients had significantly higher levels of oxidative stress index (0.83 ± 0.31) in comparison to controls (0.19 ± 0.04) (P < 0.001).
Conclusion
There was an increased oxidative stress index due to imbalance between lipid peroxidation generation and total antioxidant capacity in cervical cancer patients. Further studies are needed to explore the role of oxidative stress as a cofactor for cervical carcinogenesis.
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Potential Impact of Human Cytomegalovirus Infection on Immunity to Ovarian Tumours and Cancer Progression. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9040351. [PMID: 33808294 PMCID: PMC8065684 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9040351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is one of the most common, and life-threatening gynaecological cancer affecting females. Almost 75% of all OC cases are diagnosed at late stages, where the 5-year survival rate is less than 30%. The aetiology of the disease is still unclear, and there are currently no screening method nor effective treatment strategies for the advanced disease. A growing body of evidence shows that human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infecting more than 50% of the world population, may play a role in inducing carcinogenesis through its immunomodulatory activities. In healthy subjects, the primary HCMV infection is essentially asymptomatic. The virus then establishes a life-long chronic latency primarily in the hematopoietic progenitor cells in the bone marrow, with periodic reactivation from latency that is often characterized by high levels of circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines. Currently, infection-induced chronic inflammation is considered as an essential process for OC progression and metastasis. In line with this observation, few recent studies have identified high expressions of HCMV proteins on OC tissue biopsies that were associated with poor survival outcomes. Active HCMV infection in the OC tumour microenvironment may thus directly contribute to OC progression. In this review, we highlight the potential impact of HCMV infection-induced immunomodulatory effects on host immune responses to OC that may promote OC progression.
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