1
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Bonnemaire CM, Windhorst AD, Orru R, Ruijter E, Vugts DJ. [11C]CO2 BOP fixation with amines to access 11C-labeled ureas for PET imaging. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2024; 67:201-210. [PMID: 38073118 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.4075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Carbon-11 (11C) is a widely used radionuclide for positron emission tomography (PET) owing to the omnipresence of carbon atoms in organic molecules. While its half-life of 20.4 min is ideal for imaging and dosimetry, it also limits the synthetic possibilities. As such, the development of fast and easy, high-yielding synthesis methods is crucial for the application of 11C-labeled tracers in humans. In this study, we present a novel and efficient method for the reaction of [11C]CO2 with amine precursors using benzotriazole-1-yl-oxy-tris-(dimethylamino)-phosphonium hexafluorophosphate (BOP) to access 11C-labeled ureas. Our method is extremely fast as it only requires transfer of [11C]CO2 into a solution with precursor and BOP at room temperature, where it reacts momentary into the desired 11C-labeled urea. This simple procedure makes it possible to radiolabel urea directly from [11C]CO2 without the need for advanced equipment, making the method applicable for all laboratories where [11C]CO2 is available. We synthesized a small series of aliphatic symmetrical and non-symmetrical 11C-labeled ureas using this method, and achieved good to excellent yields. The novelty of our study lies in the fact that peptide coupling reagent BOP is used for the first time in radiochemistry to activate [11C]CO2, facilitating its reaction with amines to obtain 11C-labeled ureas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coralie M Bonnemaire
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine(s), Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amsterdam Institute for Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Albert D Windhorst
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine(s), Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Romano Orru
- Bio-based Organic Chemistry, Aachen-Maastricht Institute for Biobased Materials (AMIBM), Maastricht University, Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - Eelco Ruijter
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amsterdam Institute for Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Danielle J Vugts
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine(s), Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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2
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Labiche A, Norlöff M, Feuillastre S, Taran F, Audisio D. Continuous Flow Synthesis of Non‐Symmetrical Ureas from CO
2. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202200640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Labiche
- Université Paris Saclay, CEA Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé, SCBM 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Maylis Norlöff
- Université Paris Saclay, CEA Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé, SCBM 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Sophie Feuillastre
- Université Paris Saclay, CEA Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé, SCBM 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Frederic Taran
- Université Paris Saclay, CEA Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé, SCBM 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Davide Audisio
- Université Paris Saclay, CEA Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé, SCBM 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette France
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3
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Babin V, Sallustrau A, Molins M, Labiche A, Goudet A, Taran F, Audisio D. Parallel Screening with
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C‐Labeled Carbon Dioxide: De‐risking the Staudinger‐Aza‐Wittig Reaction**. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Victor Babin
- Université Paris Saclay CEA Service de Chimie Bio-organique et Marquage DMTS 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Antoine Sallustrau
- Université Paris Saclay CEA Service de Chimie Bio-organique et Marquage DMTS 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Maxime Molins
- Université Paris Saclay CEA Service de Chimie Bio-organique et Marquage DMTS 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Alexandre Labiche
- Université Paris Saclay CEA Service de Chimie Bio-organique et Marquage DMTS 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Amélie Goudet
- Université Paris Saclay CEA Service de Chimie Bio-organique et Marquage DMTS 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Frédéric Taran
- Université Paris Saclay CEA Service de Chimie Bio-organique et Marquage DMTS 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Davide Audisio
- Université Paris Saclay CEA Service de Chimie Bio-organique et Marquage DMTS 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette France
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4
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Bow JP, Adami V, Marasco A, Gronnevik G, Rivers D, Alvaro G, Riss PJ. A Direct Fixation of CO2 for Isotopic Labelling of Hydantoins Using Iodine-Phosphine Charge Transfer Complexes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:7546-7549. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cc01754g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report a method for the isotopic labelling of hydantoins directly from CO2 by means of trimethyl-λ5-phosphine diiodide mediated carbonyl insertion. The method is suitable for 13C-labelling of diverse...
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5
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Babin V, Sallustrau A, Loreau O, Caillé F, Goudet A, Cahuzac H, Del Vecchio A, Taran F, Audisio D. A general procedure for carbon isotope labeling of linear urea derivatives with carbon dioxide. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:6680-6683. [PMID: 34132265 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc02665h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Carbon isotope labeling is a traceless technology, which allows tracking the fate of organic compounds either in the environment or in living organisms. This article reports on a general approach to label urea derivatives with all carbon isotopes, including 14C and 11C, based on a Staudinger aza-Wittig sequence. It provides access to all aliphatic/aromatic urea combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Babin
- Université Paris Saclay, CEA Service de Chimie Bio-organique et Marquage, DMTS, Gif-sur-Yvette, F-91191, France.
| | - Antoine Sallustrau
- Université Paris Saclay, CEA Service de Chimie Bio-organique et Marquage, DMTS, Gif-sur-Yvette, F-91191, France.
| | - Olivier Loreau
- Université Paris Saclay, CEA Service de Chimie Bio-organique et Marquage, DMTS, Gif-sur-Yvette, F-91191, France.
| | - Fabien Caillé
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CNRS, CEA, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale Multimodale Paris-Saclay, 91401, Orsay, France
| | - Amélie Goudet
- Université Paris Saclay, CEA Service de Chimie Bio-organique et Marquage, DMTS, Gif-sur-Yvette, F-91191, France.
| | - Héloïse Cahuzac
- Université Paris-Saclay, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la santé (DMTS), CEA, INRAE, SIMoS, Gif-sur-Yvette 91191, France
| | - Antonio Del Vecchio
- Université Paris Saclay, CEA Service de Chimie Bio-organique et Marquage, DMTS, Gif-sur-Yvette, F-91191, France.
| | - Frédéric Taran
- Université Paris Saclay, CEA Service de Chimie Bio-organique et Marquage, DMTS, Gif-sur-Yvette, F-91191, France.
| | - Davide Audisio
- Université Paris Saclay, CEA Service de Chimie Bio-organique et Marquage, DMTS, Gif-sur-Yvette, F-91191, France.
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6
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Ismailani US, Munch M, Mair BA, Rotstein BH. Interrupted aza-Wittig reactions using iminophosphoranes to synthesize 11C-carbonyls. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:5266-5269. [PMID: 33942043 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc01016f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A direct CO2-fixation methodology couples structurally diverse iminophosphoranes with various nucleophiles to synthesize ureas, carbamates, thiocarbamates, and amides, and is amenable for 11C radiolabeling. This methodology is practical, as demonstrated by the synthesis of >35 products and isolation of the molecular imaging radiopharmaceuticals [11C]URB694 and [11C]glibenclamide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uzair S Ismailani
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Canada. and University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin St, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Maxime Munch
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Canada. and University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin St, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Braeden A Mair
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin St, Ottawa, ON, Canada and Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Canada
| | - Benjamin H Rotstein
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Canada. and University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin St, Ottawa, ON, Canada and Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Canada
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7
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Deng X, Rong J, Wang L, Vasdev N, Zhang L, Josephson L, Liang SH. Chemistry for Positron Emission Tomography: Recent Advances in 11 C-, 18 F-, 13 N-, and 15 O-Labeling Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:2580-2605. [PMID: 30054961 PMCID: PMC6405341 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201805501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) is a molecular imaging technology that provides quantitative information about function and metabolism in biological processes in vivo for disease diagnosis and therapy assessment. The broad application and rapid advances of PET has led to an increased demand for new radiochemical methods to synthesize highly specific molecules bearing positron-emitting radionuclides. This Review provides an overview of commonly used labeling reactions through examples of clinically relevant PET tracers and highlights the most recent developments and breakthroughs over the past decade, with a focus on 11 C, 18 F, 13 N, and 15 O.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Deng
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Jian Rong
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Lu Wang
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Neil Vasdev
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Lei Zhang
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Lee Josephson
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Steven H Liang
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
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8
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Deng X, Rong J, Wang L, Vasdev N, Zhang L, Josephson L, Liang SH. Chemie der Positronenemissionstomographie: Aktuelle Fortschritte bei
11
C‐,
18
F‐,
13
N‐ und
15
O‐Markierungsreaktionen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201805501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Deng
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular ImagingMassachusetts General Hospital & Department of RadiologyHarvard Medical School Boston MA 02114 USA
| | - Jian Rong
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular ImagingMassachusetts General Hospital & Department of RadiologyHarvard Medical School Boston MA 02114 USA
| | - Lu Wang
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular ImagingMassachusetts General Hospital & Department of RadiologyHarvard Medical School Boston MA 02114 USA
| | - Neil Vasdev
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular ImagingMassachusetts General Hospital & Department of RadiologyHarvard Medical School Boston MA 02114 USA
| | - Lei Zhang
- Medicine DesignPfizer Inc. Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Lee Josephson
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular ImagingMassachusetts General Hospital & Department of RadiologyHarvard Medical School Boston MA 02114 USA
| | - Steven H. Liang
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular ImagingMassachusetts General Hospital & Department of RadiologyHarvard Medical School Boston MA 02114 USA
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9
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Abstract
A novel carbon-11 radiolabelling methodology for the synthesis of the dialkylcarbonate functional group has been developed. The method uses cyclotron-produced short-lived [11C]CO2 (half-life 20.4 min) directly from the cyclotron target in a one-pot synthesis. Alcohol in the presence of base trapped [11C]CO2 efficiently forming an [11C]alkylcarbonate intermediate that subsequently reacted with an alkylchloride producing the di-substituted [11C]carbonate (34% radiochemical yield, determined by radio-HPLC) in 5 minutes from the end of [11C]CO2 cyclotron delivery.
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10
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Del Vecchio A, Caillé F, Chevalier A, Loreau O, Horkka K, Halldin C, Schou M, Camus N, Kessler P, Kuhnast B, Taran F, Audisio D. Late-Stage Isotopic Carbon Labeling of Pharmaceutically Relevant Cyclic Ureas Directly from CO 2. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:9744-9748. [PMID: 29862657 PMCID: PMC6099343 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201804838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A robust, click-chemistry-inspired procedure for radiolabeling of cyclic ureas was developed. This protocol, suitable for all carbon isotopes (11 C, 13 C, 14 C), is based on the direct functionalization of carbon dioxide: the universal building block for carbon radiolabeling. The strategy is operationally simple and reproducible in different radiochemistry centers, exhibits remarkably wide substrate scope with short reaction times, and demonstrates superior reactivity as compared to previously reported systems. With this procedure, a variety of pharmaceuticals and an unprotected peptide were labeled with high radiochemical efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Del Vecchio
- Service de Chimie Bio-organique et de Marquage, CEA-DRF-JOLIOT-SCBMUniversité Paris-Saclay91191Gif sur YvetteFrance
| | - Fabien Caillé
- UMR 1023 IMIV, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, CEAInsermUniversité Paris SudCNRS, Université Paris-SaclayOrsayFrance
| | - Arnaud Chevalier
- Service de Chimie Bio-organique et de Marquage, CEA-DRF-JOLIOT-SCBMUniversité Paris-Saclay91191Gif sur YvetteFrance
| | - Olivier Loreau
- Service de Chimie Bio-organique et de Marquage, CEA-DRF-JOLIOT-SCBMUniversité Paris-Saclay91191Gif sur YvetteFrance
| | - Kaisa Horkka
- Psychiatry SectionDepartment of Clinical NeuroscienceKarolinska Institutet171 76StockholmSweden
| | - Christer Halldin
- Psychiatry SectionDepartment of Clinical NeuroscienceKarolinska Institutet171 76StockholmSweden
| | - Magnus Schou
- Psychiatry SectionDepartment of Clinical NeuroscienceKarolinska Institutet171 76StockholmSweden
- PET Science Centre, Precision Medicine and Genomics, IMED Biotech UnitAstraZenecaKarolinska Institutet171 76StockholmSweden
| | - Nathalie Camus
- Service de Chimie Bio-organique et de Marquage, CEA-DRF-JOLIOT-SCBMUniversité Paris-Saclay91191Gif sur YvetteFrance
| | - Pascal Kessler
- Service d'Ingénierie Moléculaire des Protéines, CEA-DRF-JOLIOT-SIMOPROUniversité Paris-Saclay91191Gif sur YvetteFrance
| | - Bertrand Kuhnast
- UMR 1023 IMIV, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, CEAInsermUniversité Paris SudCNRS, Université Paris-SaclayOrsayFrance
| | - Frédéric Taran
- Service de Chimie Bio-organique et de Marquage, CEA-DRF-JOLIOT-SCBMUniversité Paris-Saclay91191Gif sur YvetteFrance
| | - Davide Audisio
- Service de Chimie Bio-organique et de Marquage, CEA-DRF-JOLIOT-SCBMUniversité Paris-Saclay91191Gif sur YvetteFrance
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11
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Del Vecchio A, Caillé F, Chevalier A, Loreau O, Horkka K, Halldin C, Schou M, Camus N, Kessler P, Kuhnast B, Taran F, Audisio D. Late-Stage Isotopic Carbon Labeling of Pharmaceutically Relevant Cyclic Ureas Directly from CO2. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201804838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Del Vecchio
- Service de Chimie Bio-organique et de Marquage, CEA-DRF-JOLIOT-SCBM; Université Paris-Saclay; 91191 Gif sur Yvette France
| | - Fabien Caillé
- UMR 1023 IMIV, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, CEA; Inserm; Université Paris Sud; CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay; Orsay France
| | - Arnaud Chevalier
- Service de Chimie Bio-organique et de Marquage, CEA-DRF-JOLIOT-SCBM; Université Paris-Saclay; 91191 Gif sur Yvette France
| | - Olivier Loreau
- Service de Chimie Bio-organique et de Marquage, CEA-DRF-JOLIOT-SCBM; Université Paris-Saclay; 91191 Gif sur Yvette France
| | - Kaisa Horkka
- Psychiatry Section; Department of Clinical Neuroscience; Karolinska Institutet; 171 76 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Christer Halldin
- Psychiatry Section; Department of Clinical Neuroscience; Karolinska Institutet; 171 76 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Magnus Schou
- Psychiatry Section; Department of Clinical Neuroscience; Karolinska Institutet; 171 76 Stockholm Sweden
- PET Science Centre, Precision Medicine and Genomics, IMED Biotech Unit; AstraZeneca; Karolinska Institutet; 171 76 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Nathalie Camus
- Service de Chimie Bio-organique et de Marquage, CEA-DRF-JOLIOT-SCBM; Université Paris-Saclay; 91191 Gif sur Yvette France
| | - Pascal Kessler
- Service d'Ingénierie Moléculaire des Protéines, CEA-DRF-JOLIOT-SIMOPRO; Université Paris-Saclay; 91191 Gif sur Yvette France
| | - Bertrand Kuhnast
- UMR 1023 IMIV, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, CEA; Inserm; Université Paris Sud; CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay; Orsay France
| | - Frédéric Taran
- Service de Chimie Bio-organique et de Marquage, CEA-DRF-JOLIOT-SCBM; Université Paris-Saclay; 91191 Gif sur Yvette France
| | - Davide Audisio
- Service de Chimie Bio-organique et de Marquage, CEA-DRF-JOLIOT-SCBM; Université Paris-Saclay; 91191 Gif sur Yvette France
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12
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Bongarzone S, Runser A, Taddei C, Dheere AKH, Gee AD. From [ 11C]CO 2 to [ 11C]amides: a rapid one-pot synthesis via the Mitsunobu reaction. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 53:5334-5337. [PMID: 28447672 PMCID: PMC5708528 DOI: 10.1039/c7cc01407d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Radiosynthesis of [11C]amides via the Mitsunobu reaction.
A novel amide synthesis methodology is described using amines, CO2 and Grignard reagents and Mitsunobu reagents. The method was applied to carbon-11 radiochemistry to label amides using cyclotron-produced [11C]CO2. The synthetic utility of the one-pot labelling methodology was demonstrated by producing [11C]melatonin. The incorporation of [11C]CO2 into [11C]melatonin was 36% – determined by radioHPLC 2 min post [11C]CO2 delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bongarzone
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, King's Health Partners, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK.
| | - A Runser
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, King's Health Partners, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK.
| | - C Taddei
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, King's Health Partners, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK.
| | - A K Haji Dheere
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, King's Health Partners, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK.
| | - A D Gee
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, King's Health Partners, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK.
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13
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Taddei C, Gee AD. Recent progress in [ 11 C]carbon dioxide ([ 11 C]CO 2 ) and [ 11 C]carbon monoxide ([ 11 C]CO) chemistry. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2018; 61:237-251. [PMID: 29274276 PMCID: PMC6485328 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
[11 C]Carbon dioxide ([11 C]CO2 ) and [11 C]carbon monoxide ([11 C]CO) are 2 attractive precursors for labelling the carbonyl position (C═O) in a vast range of functionalised molecules (eg, ureas, amides, and carboxylic acids). The development of radiosynthetic methods to produce functionalised 11 C-labelled compounds is required to enhance the radiotracers available for positron emission tomography, molecular, and medical imaging applications. Following a brief summary of secondary 11 C-precursor production and uses, the review focuses on recent progress with direct 11 C-carboxylation routes with [11 C]CO2 and 11 C-carbonylation with [11 C]CO. Novel approaches to generate [11 C]CO using CO-releasing molecules (CO-RMs), such as silacarboxylic acids and disilanes, applied to radiochemistry are described and compared with standard [11 C]CO production methods. These innovative [11 C]CO synthesis strategies represent efficient and reliable [11 C]CO production processes, enabling the widespread use of [11 C]CO chemistry within the wider radiochemistry community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Taddei
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging SciencesKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Antony D. Gee
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging SciencesKing's College LondonLondonUK
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14
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Hosseinifar A, Shariaty-Niassar M, Seyyed Ebrahimi SA, Moshref-Javadi M. Synthesis, Characterization, and Application of Partially Blocked Amine-Functionalized Magnetic Nanoparticles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:14728-14737. [PMID: 29182875 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b02093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a novel technique was introduced for selective surface modification of amine-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles. The method was based on alignment of magnetic nanoparticles in an external magnetic field, which resulted in formation of chain-like assemblies in diluted suspensions. The aligned chains were then modified on the surface via reaction of isocyanate species with the particle functionalities. Finally, after removal from the reactor medium, particles with segmented distribution of surface functionalities were achieved. We named these partially blocked amine-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles as "Saturn" nanoparticles. Application of the particles in fabrication of magnetic assemblies was successfully demonstrated. Using methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) as the bridging agent, structures in different forms such as chains and filaments were produced by the Saturn particles and compared with cross-linked structures of the unmodified amine-functionalized particles. It is expected that this novel nanoparticle with its unique structure will have great potential in assembly fabrication with a variety of applications in biomedical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hosseinifar
- Transport Phenomena & Nanotechnology (TPNT) Lab., School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran , Tehran 111554563, Iran
- Advanced Magnetic Materials Research Center, School of Metallurgy and Materials, College of Engineering, University of Tehran , Tehran 111554563, Iran
| | - M Shariaty-Niassar
- Transport Phenomena & Nanotechnology (TPNT) Lab., School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran , Tehran 111554563, Iran
- Advanced Magnetic Materials Research Center, School of Metallurgy and Materials, College of Engineering, University of Tehran , Tehran 111554563, Iran
| | - S A Seyyed Ebrahimi
- Advanced Magnetic Materials Research Center, School of Metallurgy and Materials, College of Engineering, University of Tehran , Tehran 111554563, Iran
| | - M Moshref-Javadi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University , Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
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15
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Synthesis of 11C-Labelled Ureas by Palladium(II)-Mediated Oxidative Carbonylation. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22101688. [PMID: 28994734 PMCID: PMC6151465 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22101688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Positron emission tomography is an imaging technique with applications in clinical settings as well as in basic research for the study of biological processes. A PET tracer, a biologically active molecule where a positron-emitting radioisotope such as carbon-11 has been incorporated, is used for the studies. Development of robust methods for incorporation of the radioisotope is therefore of the utmost importance. The urea functional group is present in many biologically active compounds and is thus an attractive target for incorporation of carbon-11 in the form of [11C]carbon monoxide. Starting with amines and [11C]carbon monoxide, both symmetrical and unsymmetrical 11C-labelled ureas were synthesised via a palladium(II)-mediated oxidative carbonylation and obtained in decay-corrected radiochemical yields up to 65%. The added advantage of using [11C]carbon monoxide was shown by the molar activity obtained for an inhibitor of soluble epoxide hydrolase (247 GBq/μmol–319 GBq/μmol). DFT calculations were found to support a reaction mechanism proceeding through an 11C-labelled isocyanate intermediate.
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Rotstein BH, Liang SH, Placzek MS, Hooker JM, Gee AD, Dollé F, Wilson AA, Vasdev N. (11)C[double bond, length as m-dash]O bonds made easily for positron emission tomography radiopharmaceuticals. Chem Soc Rev 2016; 45:4708-26. [PMID: 27276357 PMCID: PMC5000859 DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00310a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The positron-emitting radionuclide carbon-11 ((11)C, t1/2 = 20.3 min) possesses the unique potential for radiolabeling of any biological, naturally occurring, or synthetic organic molecule for in vivo positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. Carbon-11 is most often incorporated into small molecules by methylation of alcohol, thiol, amine or carboxylic acid precursors using [(11)C]methyl iodide or [(11)C]methyl triflate (generated from [(11)C]carbon dioxide or [(11)C]methane). Consequently, small molecules that lack an easily substituted (11)C-methyl group are often considered to have non-obvious strategies for radiolabeling and require a more customized approach. [(11)C]Carbon dioxide itself, [(11)C]carbon monoxide, [(11)C]cyanide, and [(11)C]phosgene represent alternative reactants to enable (11)C-carbonylation. Methodologies developed for preparation of (11)C-carbonyl groups have had a tremendous impact on the development of novel PET tracers and provided key tools for clinical research. (11)C-Carbonyl radiopharmaceuticals based on labeled carboxylic acids, amides, carbamates and ureas now account for a substantial number of important imaging agents that have seen translation to higher species and clinical research of previously inaccessible targets, which is a testament to the creativity, utility and practicality of the underlying radiochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Steven H Liang
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.
| | - Michael S Placzek
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, MGH, HMS, Charlestown, USA and McLean Hospital, Belmont, USA
| | - Jacob M Hooker
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, MGH, HMS, Charlestown, USA
| | | | - Frédéric Dollé
- CEA - Institut d'imagerie biomédicale, Service hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Alan A Wilson
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
| | - Neil Vasdev
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.
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Sawatzky E, Al-Momani E, Kobayashi R, Higuchi T, Samnick S, Decker M. A Novel Way To Radiolabel Human Butyrylcholinesterase for Positron Emission Tomography through Irreversible Transfer of the Radiolabeled Moiety. ChemMedChem 2016; 11:1540-50. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201600223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Sawatzky
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry; Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry; Julius Maximilian University Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Ehab Al-Momani
- Experimental Nuclear Medicine; Center of Inner Medicine; University Hospital Würzburg; OberdürrbacherStrasse 6 97080 Würzburg Germany
| | - Ryohei Kobayashi
- Experimental Nuclear Medicine; Center of Inner Medicine; University Hospital Würzburg; OberdürrbacherStrasse 6 97080 Würzburg Germany
| | - Takahiro Higuchi
- Experimental Nuclear Medicine; Center of Inner Medicine; University Hospital Würzburg; OberdürrbacherStrasse 6 97080 Würzburg Germany
| | - Samuel Samnick
- Experimental Nuclear Medicine; Center of Inner Medicine; University Hospital Würzburg; OberdürrbacherStrasse 6 97080 Würzburg Germany
| | - Michael Decker
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry; Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry; Julius Maximilian University Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
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Peng P, Liu H, Gong J, Nicholls JM, Li X. A facile synthesis of sialylated oligolactosamine glycans from lactose via the Lafont intermediate. Chem Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4sc01013b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We have developed a facile synthesis of sialylated oligolactosamine glycans, including Neu5Ac-α-2,3LacNAc-β-1,3LacNAc (3′SLN-LN) and Neu5Ac-α-2,3LacNAc-β-1,3LacNAc-β-1,3LacNAc (3′SLN-LN-LN), also providing a useful method for the preparation of 2-amino sugar building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Peng
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Hong Kong
- Hong Kong
| | - Han Liu
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Hong Kong
- Hong Kong
| | - Jianzhi Gong
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Hong Kong
- Hong Kong
| | - John M. Nicholls
- Department of Pathology
- Li Ka-Shing Faculty of Medicine
- The University of Hong Kong
- Hong Kong
| | - Xuechen Li
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Hong Kong
- Hong Kong
- The State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry
- The University of Hong Kong
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Rotstein BH, Liang SH, Holland JP, Collier TL, Hooker JM, Wilson AA, Vasdev N. 11CO2 fixation: a renaissance in PET radiochemistry. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:5621-9. [PMID: 23673726 PMCID: PMC5604310 DOI: 10.1039/c3cc42236d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Carbon-11 labelled carbon dioxide is the cyclotron-generated feedstock reagent for most positron emission tomography (PET) tracers using this radionuclide. Most carbon-11 labels, however, are installed using derivative reagents generated from [(11)C]CO2. In recent years, [(11)C]CO2 has seen a revival in applications for the direct incorporation of carbon-11 into functional groups such as ureas, carbamates, oxazolidinones, carboxylic acids, esters, and amides. This review summarizes classical [(11)C]CO2 fixation strategies using organometallic reagents and then focuses on newly developed methods that employ strong organic bases to reversibly capture [(11)C]CO2 into solution, thereby enabling highly functionalized labelled compounds to be prepared. Labelled compounds and radiopharmaceuticals that have been translated to the clinic are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin H Rotstein
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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Poot AJ, van der Wildt B, Stigter-van Walsum M, Rongen M, Schuit RC, Hendrikse NH, Eriksson J, van Dongen GAMS, Windhorst AD. [¹¹C]Sorafenib: radiosynthesis and preclinical evaluation in tumor-bearing mice of a new TKI-PET tracer. Nucl Med Biol 2013; 40:488-97. [PMID: 23522977 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2013.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2012] [Revised: 01/07/2013] [Accepted: 02/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) like sorafenib are important anticancer therapeutics with thus far limited treatment response rates in cancer patients. Positron emission tomography (PET) could provide the means for selection of patients who might benefit from TKI treatment, if suitable PET tracers would be available. The aim of this study was to radiolabel sorafenib (1) with carbon-11 and to evaluate its potential as TKI-PET tracer in vivo. METHODS Synthetic methods were developed in which sorafenib was labeled at two different positions, followed by a metabolite analysis in rats and a PET imaging study in tumor-bearing mice. RESULTS [methyl-(11)C]-1 and [urea-(11)C]-1 were synthesized in yields of 59% and 53%, respectively, with a purity of >99%. The identity of the products was confirmed by coinjection on HPLC with reference sorafenib. In an in vivo metabolite analysis [(11)C]sorafenib proved to be stable. The percentage of intact product in blood-plasma after 45 min was 90% for [methyl-(11)C]-1 and 96% for [urea-(11)C]-1, respectively. Due to the more reliable synthesis, further research regarding PET imaging was performed with [methyl-(11)C]-1 in nude mice bearing FaDu (head and neck cancer), MDA-MB-231 (breast cancer) or RXF393 (renal cancer) xenografts. Highest tracer accumulation at a level of 2.52 ± 0.33%ID/g was observed in RXF393, a xenograft line extensively expressing the sorafenib target antigen Raf-1 as assessed by immunohistochemistry. CONCLUSION In conclusion, we have synthesized [(11)C]sorafenib as PET tracer, which is stable in vivo and has the capability to be used as PET tracer for imaging in tumor-bearing mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex J Poot
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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Haji Dheere AK, Yusuf N, Gee A. Rapid and efficient synthesis of [11C]ureas via the incorporation of [11C]CO2 into aliphatic and aromatic amines. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:8193-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc44046j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Åberg O, Långström B. Synthesis of substituted [11C]ureas and [11C]sulphonylureas by Rh(I)-mediated carbonylation. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.1803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Wilson AA, Garcia A, Houle S, Sadovski O, Vasdev N. Synthesis and application of isocyanates radiolabeled with carbon-11. Chemistry 2010; 17:259-64. [PMID: 21207622 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201002345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Carbon-11 labeled isocyanates are efficiently prepared by dehydration of [(11) C]carbamate salts, which in turn are easily formed from cyclotron-produced [(11) C]CO(2) and amines in the presence of a CO(2) fixation agent. The [(11) C]isocyanates are useful radiosynthons for the synthesis of a variety of [carbonyl-(11) C]-labeled asymmetrical ureas and carbamate esters. The method is well suited to incorporate any isotope of carbon, and is especially useful for positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracers for in vivo imaging. This is demonstrated by using the method to make [carbonyl-(11) C]-6-hydroxy-[1,1'-biphenyl]-3-yl cyclohexylcarbamate which is a novel radiotracer for PET imaging of fatty acid amide hydrolase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan A Wilson
- PET Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Wilson AA, Garcia A, Houle S, Vasdev N. Direct fixation of [11C]-CO2by amines: formation of [11C-carbonyl]-methylcarbamates. Org Biomol Chem 2010; 8:428-32. [DOI: 10.1039/b916419g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Hooker JM, Reibel AT, Hill SM, Schueller MJ, Fowler JS. One-pot, direct incorporation of [11C]CO2 into carbamates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009; 48:3482-5. [PMID: 19350593 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200900112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Why beat about the bush? An operationally simple and mild reaction based on the direct fixation of (11)CO(2) with 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU) has been developed for the synthesis of (11)C-labeled carbamates at 75 degrees C within 10 minutes in radiochemical yields above 70% (see scheme). This strategy should be immediately useful for the construction of new radiotracers for positron emission tomography and other applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob M Hooker
- Medical Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973-5000, USA.
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Hooker J, Reibel A, Hill S, Schueller M, Fowler J. One-Pot, Direct Incorporation of [11C]CO2into Carbamates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200900112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Miller P, Long N, Vilar R, Gee A. Synthese von11C-,18F-,15O- und13N-Radiotracern für die Positronenemissionstomographie. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200800222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Miller P, Long N, Vilar R, Gee A. Synthesis of11C,18F,15O, and13N Radiolabels for Positron Emission Tomography. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 47:8998-9033. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200800222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 726] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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