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van der Born D, Pees A, Poot AJ, Orru RVA, Windhorst AD, Vugts DJ. Fluorine-18 labelled building blocks for PET tracer synthesis. Chem Soc Rev 2017; 46:4709-4773. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00492j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This review presents a comprehensive overview of the synthesis and application of fluorine-18 labelled building blocks since 2010.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dion van der Born
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine
- VU University Medical Center
- 1081 HV Amsterdam
- The Netherlands
| | - Anna Pees
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine
- VU University Medical Center
- 1081 HV Amsterdam
- The Netherlands
| | - Alex J. Poot
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine
- VU University Medical Center
- 1081 HV Amsterdam
- The Netherlands
| | - Romano V. A. Orru
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Amsterdam Institute for Molecules
- Medicines & Systems (AIMMS)
- VU University Amsterdam
- Amsterdam
- The Netherlands
| | - Albert D. Windhorst
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine
- VU University Medical Center
- 1081 HV Amsterdam
- The Netherlands
| | - Danielle J. Vugts
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine
- VU University Medical Center
- 1081 HV Amsterdam
- The Netherlands
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Way JD, Wuest F. Automated radiosynthesis of no-carrier-added 4-[18F]fluoroiodobenzene: a versatile building block in 18F radiochemistry. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2014; 57:104-9. [PMID: 24678531 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
4-[18F]Fluoroiodobenzene ([18F]FIB) is a versatile building block in 18F radiochemistry used in various transition metal-mediated C-C and C-N cross-coupling reactions and [18F]fluoroarylation reactions. Various synthesis routes have been described for the preparation of [18F]FIB. However, to date, no automated synthesis of [18F]FIB has been reported to allow access to larger amounts of [18F]FIB in high radiochemical and chemical purity. Herein, we describe an automated synthesis of no-carrier-added [18F]FIB on a GE TRACERlab™ FX automated synthesis unit starting from commercially available(4-iodophenyl)diphenylsulfonium triflate as the labelling precursor. [18F]FIB was prepared in high radiochemical yields of 89 ± 10% (decay-corrected, n = 7) within 60 min, including HPLC purification. The radiochemical purity exceeded 95%, and specific activity was greater than 40 GBq/μmol. Typically, from an experiment, 6.4 GBq of [18F]FIB could be obtained starting from 10.4 GBq of [18F]fluoride.
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He Q, Wang Y, Alfeazi I, Sadeghi S. Electrochemical nucleophilic synthesis of di-tert-butyl-(4-[18F]fluoro-1,2-phenylene)-dicarbonate. Appl Radiat Isot 2014; 92:52-7. [PMID: 25000498 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2014.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Revised: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An electrochemical method with the ability to conduct (18)F-fluorination of aromatic molecules through direct nucleophilic fluorination of cationic intermediates is presented in this paper. The reaction was performed on a remote-controlled automatic platform. Nucleophilic electrochemical fluorination of tert-butyloxycarbonyl (Boc) protected catechol, an intermediate model molecule for the positron emission tomography (PET) probe (3,4-dihydroxy-6-[(18)F]fluoro-L-phenylalanine), was performed. Fluorination was achieved under potentiostatic anodic oxidation in acetonitrile containing Et3N·3HF and other supporting electrolytes. Radiofluorination efficiency was influenced by a number of variables, including the concentration of the precursor, concentration of Et3N·3HF, type of supporting electrolyte, temperature and time, as well as applied potentials. Radio-fluorination efficiency of 10.4±0.6% (n=4) and specific activity of up to 43GBq/mmol was obtained after 1h electrolysis of 0.1M of 4-tert-butyl-diboc-catechol in the acetonitrile solution of Et3N·3HF (0.033M) and NBu4PF6 (0.05M). Density functional theory (DFT) was employed to explain the tert-butyl functional group facilitation of electrochemical oxidation and subsequent fluorination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinggang He
- Department of Molecular & Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Ying Wang
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry & Biology, School of Biotechnology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ines Alfeazi
- Department of Molecular & Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Saman Sadeghi
- Department of Molecular & Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States.
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Abstract
Molecular imaging has witnessed an upsurge in growth, with positron emission tomography leading the way. This trend has encouraged numerous synthetic chemists to enter the field of (18) F-radiochemistry and provide generic solutions to address the well-recognized challenges of late-stage fluorination. This Minireview focuses on recent developments in the (18)F-labeling of aromatic substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Tredwell
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK.
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6
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Namolingam V, Luthra SK, Brady F, Pike VW. Radiosynthesis of 1-[18F]fluoromethyl-4-methyl-benzene and a series of o-, m- or p-substituted 1-halomethyl- [18F]fluoromethyl-benzenes. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.25804401322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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7
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Constantinou M, Shah F, Pike VW. Radiofluoridations of m - substituted nitrobenzenes. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.25804401312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Shiue CY, Wolf A, Hainfeld J. Synthesis of 18F-labelled N-(p-[18F]fluorophenyl)maleimide and its derivatives for labelling monoclonal antibody with 18F. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.25802601127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Lasne MC, Brady F, Pike V. Preparation of NCA [18F]fluorobenzenesulphonyl chloride. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.2580260107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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10
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XIIth international symposium on radiopharmaceutical chemistry: Abstracts and programme. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.2580400901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Blom E, Karimi F, Långström B. [18F]/19F exchange in fluorine containing compounds for potential use in18F-labelling strategies. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.1670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Coenen HH. Fluorine-18 labeling methods: Features and possibilities of basic reactions. ERNST SCHERING RESEARCH FOUNDATION WORKSHOP 2007:15-50. [PMID: 17172151 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-49527-7_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Many experimental and established tracers make fluorine- 18 the most widely used radionuclide in positron emission tomography with an increasing demand for new or simpler 18F-labeling procedures. After a brief summary of the advantages of the nuclide and its major production routes, the basic features of the principal radiofluorination methods are described. These comprise direct electrophilic and nucleophilic processes, or in case of more complex molecules, the labeling of synthons and prosthetic groups for indirect built-up syntheses. While addressing the progress of no-carrier-added 18F-labeling procedures, the following chapters on more specific topics in this book are introduced. Emphasis is given to radiofluorination of arenes--especially with iodonium leaving groups. Examples of radiopharmaceutical syntheses are mentioned in order to illustrate strategic concepts of labeling with fluorine-18.
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Affiliation(s)
- H H Coenen
- Institut für Nuklearchemie, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Germany.
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Block D, Coenen HH, Stöcklin G. N.C.A. 18F-fluoroalkylation of H-acidic compounds. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.2580250211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Hatano K, Ido T, Iwata R. The synthesis of o- and p-[18F]fluorobenzyl bromides and their application to the prepatation of labeled neuroleptics. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.2580290403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Gysemans M, Mertens J. Mechanistic approach of the nucleophilic18F- exchange on 4′-NO2-spiperone using TBA18F or K2.2.2./K18F. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.2580280109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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16
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Hwang DR, Feliu AL, Wolf AP, Macgregor RR, Fowler JS, Amett CD, Holland HJ, Carr K, Simon EJ. Synthesis and evaluation of fluorinated derivatives of fentanyl as candidates for opiate receptor studies using positron emission tomograpry. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.2580230306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Moerlein SM, Laufer P, Stöcklin G. Synthesis of no-carrier-added radiobrominated N-alkylated analogues of spiperone. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.2580221004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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18
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Farrokhzad S, Diksic M. The syntheses of no-carrier-added and carrier-added 18F-labelled haloperidol. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.2580220713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Olma S, Ermert J, Coenen HH. 4-[18F]fluorophenyl ureas via carbamate-4-nitrophenyl esters and 4-[18F]fluoroaniline. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.1121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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20
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Hamill TG, Krause S, Ryan C, Bonnefous C, Govek S, Seiders TJ, Cosford NDP, Roppe J, Kamenecka T, Patel S, Gibson RE, Sanabria S, Riffel K, Eng W, King C, Yang X, Green MD, O'Malley SS, Hargreaves R, Burns HD. Synthesis, characterization, and first successful monkey imaging studies of metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5 (mGluR5) PET radiotracers. Synapse 2005; 56:205-16. [PMID: 15803497 DOI: 10.1002/syn.20147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Three metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5 (mGluR5) PET tracers have been labeled with either carbon-11 or fluorine-18 and their in vitro and in vivo behavior in rhesus monkey has been characterized. Each of these tracers share the common features of high affinity for mGluR5 (0.08-0.23 nM vs. rat mGluR5) and moderate lipophilicity (log P 2.8-3.4). Compound 1b was synthesized using a Suzuki or Stille coupling reaction with [11C]MeI. Compounds 2b and 3b were synthesized by a SNAr reaction using a 3-chlorobenzonitrile precursor. Autoradiographic studies in rhesus monkey brain slices using 2b and 3b showed specific binding in cortex, caudate, putamen, amygdala, hippocampus, most thalamic nuclei, and lower binding in the cerebellum. PET imaging studies in monkey showed that all three tracers readily enter the brain and provide an mGluR5-specific signal in all gray matter regions, including the cerebellum. The specific signal observed in the cerebellum was confirmed by the autoradiographic studies and saturation binding experiments that showed tracer binding in the cerebellum of rhesus monkeys. In vitro metabolism studies using the unlabeled compounds showed that 1a, 2a, and 3a are metabolized slower by human liver microsomes than by monkey liver microsomes. In vivo metabolism studies showed 3b to be long-lived in rhesus plasma with only one other more polar metabolite observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terence G Hamill
- Merck Research Laboratories, Imaging Research Department, West Point, PA 19486, USA.
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Shiue GG, Fang P, Shiue CY. Synthesis of N,N-dimethyl-2-(2-amino-4-[18F]fluorophenylthio)benzylamine as a serotonin transporter imaging agent. Appl Radiat Isot 2003; 58:183-91. [PMID: 12573317 DOI: 10.1016/s0969-8043(02)00271-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Two 403U76 analogs, N,N-dimethyl-2-(2-nitro-4-bromophenylthio)benzylamine (4) and N,N-dimethyl-2-(2,4-dinitrophenylthio)benzylamine (8) were prepared in multi-steps synthesis as precursors for the synthesis of a new serotonin transporter imaging agent, N,N-dimethyl-2-(2-amino-4-[18F]fluorophenylthio)benzylamine (12a). Reaction of 2,5-dibromonitrobenzene (1) with 2-thio-N,N-dimethylbenzamide gave N N-dimethyl-2-(2-nitro-4-bromophenylthio)benzamide (3). N,N-Dimethyl-2-(2,4-dinitrophenylthio)benzamide (6) was synthesized similarly from the reaction of 2-bromo-1,5-dinitrobenzene (2) with 2-thio-N,N-dimethylbenzamide. Reduction of 3 and 6 with BH(3)/THF gave benzylamines 4 and 8 along with their amine boranes 5 and 7. Nucleophilic substitution of 4 or 8 with K[18F]/Kryptofix 2.2.2 in DMSO at 120 degrees C followed by reduction with NaBH(4)- Cu(OAc)(2) in EtOH at 78 degrees C and purification with HPLC gave compound 12a in approximately 5-10% yield in a synthesis time of 150min from EOB. A preliminary biodistribution study in rats showed that the uptake of compound 12a in rat brain was high (approximately 1%/g) and the ratio of the uptake of compound 12a in hypothalamus (a serotonin transporter-rich area) and cerebellum (a serotonin-transporter-devoid area) was 6/1 at 1h post-injection. These results suggest that compound 12a may be a potential new serotonin transporter PET imaging agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace G Shiue
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Karramkam M, Hinnen F, Bramoullé Y, Jubeau S, Dollé F. Ortho-[18F]Fluoronitrobenzenes by no-carrier-added nucleophilic aromatic substitution with K[18F]F-K222-A comparative study. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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23
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Murakami Y, Nishimura S, Noda A, Harada N, Tsukada H. Synthesis of18F labelled FK960, a candidate anti-dementia drug, and PET studies in conscious monkeys. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Lasne MC, Perrio C, Rouden J, Barré L, Roeda D, Dolle F, Crouzel C. Chemistry of β +-Emitting Compounds Based on Fluorine-18. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2002. [DOI: 10.1007/3-540-46009-8_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Hashizume K, Tamakawa H, Hashimoto N, Miyake Y. Single-step synthesis of [18F]haloperidol from the chloro-precursor and its applications in PET imaging of a cat's brain. Appl Radiat Isot 1997; 48:1179-85. [PMID: 9418209 DOI: 10.1016/s0969-8043(97)00023-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
We have established a convenient synthesis process for the synthesis of[18F]haloperidol using a single-step 18F-for-Cl exchange reaction and a new elution system for the preparative high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using C18 bonded vinylalcohol copolymer gel (ODP) and a basic eluent. We successfully applied the product to cat-PET study and got clear images of the striatum, showing the usefulness of this synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Hashizume
- Institute of Biofunctional Research c/o National Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
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Hashizume K, Hashimoto N, Miyake Y. Rapid and Efficient Synthesis of High-Purity Fluorine-18 Labeled Haloperidol and Spiperone via the Nitro Precursor in Combination with a New HPLC Separation Method. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 1997. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.70.681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Preparation of [18F]RP 62203, a selective ligand for the study of serotonin receptors (5-HT2) by rapid “in situ” piperazine formation. Appl Radiat Isot 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0969-8043(94)90188-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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28
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Banks WR, Hwang DR. NCA F-18 fluoroarylketones: Useful bifunctional radiopharmaceutical intermediates. Appl Radiat Isot 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0969-8043(94)90203-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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29
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Gatley SJ, Yu DW, Fowler JS, MacGregor RR, Schlyer DJ, Dewey SL, Wolf AP, Martin T, Shea CE, Volkow ND. Studies with differentially labeled [11C]cocaine, [11C]norcocaine, [11C]benzoylecgonine, and [11C]- and 4'-[18F]fluorococaine to probe the extent to which [11C]cocaine metabolites contribute to PET images of the baboon brain. J Neurochem 1994; 62:1154-62. [PMID: 8113802 DOI: 10.1046/j.1471-4159.1994.62031154.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The psychostimulant drug of abuse, cocaine (benzoylecgonine methyl ester), is rapidly metabolized by cleavage of its two ester groups, to give benzoylecgonine (BE) and ecgonine methyl ester, and by N-demethylation, to give N-norcocaine (NC). The recent use of [N-methyl-11CH3]cocaine to image brain cocaine binding sites with positron emission tomography (PET) raises the question of whether PET images partially reflect the distribution and kinetics of labeled cocaine metabolites. We prepared [O-methyl-11CH3]cocaine by methylation of the sodium salt of BE with [11C]CH3I, and showed that PET baboon brain scans, as well as regional brain kinetics and plasma time-activity curves corrected for the presence of labeled metabolites, are nearly identical to those seen with [N-methyl-11CH3]cocaine. This strongly suggests that 11C metabolites do not significantly affect PET images, because the metabolite pattern is different for the two labeled forms of cocaine. In particular, nearly half the 11C in blood plasma at 30 min was [11C]CO2 when [N-methyl-11CH3]cocaine was administered, whereas [11C]CO2 was not formed from [O-methyl-11CH3]cocaine. Only a trace of [11C]NC was detected in plasma after [O-methyl-11CH3]cocaine administration. Nearly identical brain PET data were also obtained when 4'-[N-methyl-11CH3]fluorococaine and 4'-[18F]fluorococaine (prepared by nucleophilic aromatic substitution from [18F]fluoride- and 4'-nitrococaine) were compared with [N-methyl-11CH3]cocaine. In vitro assays with rat brain membranes showed that cocaine and 4'-fluorococaine were equipotent at the dopamine reuptake site, but that 4'-fluorococaine was about 100 times more potent at the 5-hydroxytryptamine reuptake site.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Gatley
- Department of Chemistry, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
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30
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Banks WR, Borchert RD, Hwang DR. Improvements in the production of fluorine-18 labeled butyrophenone neuroleptic agents. Appl Radiat Isot 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0969-8043(94)90151-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Garg PK, Garg S, Zalutsky MR. Synthesis and preliminary evaluation of para- and meta-[18F]fluorobenzylguanidine. Nucl Med Biol 1994; 21:97-103. [PMID: 9234270 DOI: 10.1016/0969-8051(94)90135-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
meta-[18F]Fluorobenzylguanidine ([18F]MFBG) and para-[18F]fluorobenzylguanidine ([18F]PFBG) were synthesized in three steps beginning with a fluoro for nitro exchange reaction on 3- and 4-nitrobenzonitrile, respectively. Overall radiochemical yields were 10-15% for [18F]MFBG and 50-55% for [18F]PFBG in a total synthesis time of 60 min. However, impurities interfered with the binding of the product to target cells. A new route was adopted for the synthesis of [18F]PFBG using 4-nitrilophenyl trimethylammonium trifluoromethanesulfonate (Q.S.) as the starting material. In addition to shortening the overall synthesis time by 10 min, this precursor also eliminated problems associated with the presence of small amounts of starting material in the preparation. In vitro binding of [18F]PFBG prepared by the Q.S. method to SK-N-SH, human neuroblastoma cells was 26.5 +/- 1.1%, compared to 16.9 +/- 1.6% when the nitro precursor was used. Selective uptake of both 18F-labeled isomers in the heart and adrenal was seen in mice. At 4 h, adrenal and heart uptake of [18F]PFBG prepared using Q.S. was 20.3 +/- 4.8 and 5.9 +/- 0.8% ID/g respectively, compared to 23.8 +/- 5.0 and 10.5 +/- 1.7% ID/g for [18F]MFBG. Based on the 5-fold higher radiochemical yields obtained with [18F]PFBG, this isomer would appear to be the more practical choice; however, in vitro and in vivo results suggest that [18F]MFBG exhibits greater similarities to MIBG.
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Affiliation(s)
- P K Garg
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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Shiue CY, Bai LQ, Shiue GG, Rysavy JA, Pleus RC, Hui H, Frick MP, Catt JD. Synthesis of (+/-)-[18F]BMY 14802, its enantiomers and their anatomical distributions in rodents. Nucl Med Biol 1993; 20:625-30. [PMID: 8358348 DOI: 10.1016/0969-8051(93)90031-o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
A potential antipsychotic drug, BMY 14802 was labeled with 18F and its distribution in rodents was studied. No-carrier-added (NCA) (+/-)-[18F]BMY 14802 (5) was synthesized by two methods in 5-10% radiochemical yield in a synthesis time of 130-140 min from EOB with a specific activity of 0.5-1.5 Ci/microM. (+)- and (-)-[18F]BMY 14802 was synthesized by the chiral reduction of alpha-(4-[18F]fluorophenyl)-4-(5-fluoro-2-pyrimidinyl)-1-piperazine-b utanone (4) with chiral reducing agent, (+)- and (-)-beta-chlorodiisopinocampheylborane [(+)- and (-)-DIP chloride] in 6-10% radiochemical yield in a synthesis time of 150 min from EOB. Animal studies in mouse and in rat revealed that the distribution of 5 in each tissue was high at 5 min, the radioactivity then declined rapidly in all tissues studied except in the liver and in the small intestine. The radioactivity in the femur did not increase with time indicating in vivo defluorination may not occur. The uptakes of (+/-)-[18F]BMY 14802 and its enantiomers, (+)- and (-)-[18F]BMY 14802 in rat cerebellum, brain stem, hippocampus and spinal cord were similar and were significantly reduced by prior treatment of rat with haldol. This suggests that (+/-)-[18F]BMY 14802 and its enantiomers bind to sigma-receptors in a similar fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Y Shiue
- Center for Metabolic Imaging, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68108
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33
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Moerlein SM, Banks WR, Parkinson D. Production of fluorine-18 labeled (3-N-methyl)benperidol for PET investigation of cerebral dopaminergic receptor binding. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION APPLICATIONS AND INSTRUMENTATION. PART A, APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES 1992; 43:913-7. [PMID: 1321101 DOI: 10.1016/0883-2889(92)90155-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The multi-millicurie synthesis of the D-2 receptor ligand [18F](3-N-methyl)benperidol (NMB; 1-[3-(4'- [18F]fluorobenzoyl)propyl]-4-(2-keto-3-methyl-1- benzimidazolinyl)piperidine) is described. [18F]NMB was produced via a 3-step reaction sequence with an overall radiochemical yield of 5-10% and a specific activity greater than 3000 Ci/mmol within 100 min. In vitro binding assays indicated that NMB has high affinity for D-2 receptors in primate brain (K1 = 3.6 nM), with a receptor specificity exceeding that of spiperone. The technique described here permits the routine production of 10-20 mCi of this promising radiopharmaceutical for PET study of D-2 receptor binding in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Moerlein
- Edward Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110
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34
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Synthesis of fluorine-18 substituted aromatic aldehydes and benzyl bromides, new intermediates for n.c.a. [18F]fluorination. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/0883-2889(92)90130-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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35
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Collins M, Lasne MC, Barré L. Rapid synthesis of N,N′-disubstituted piperazines. Application to the preparation of No carrier added 1-(4-[18F]fluorophenyl)piperazine and of an [18F]-selective ligand of serotoninergic receptors (5HT2antagonist). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1039/p19920003185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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36
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Chakraborty PK, Kilbourn MR. [18F]fluorination/decarbonylation: new route to aryl [18F]fluorides. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION APPLICATIONS AND INSTRUMENTATION. PART A, APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES 1991; 42:1209-13. [PMID: 1668803 DOI: 10.1016/0883-2889(91)90199-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A new route to aryl [18F]fluorides without electron withdrawing ring substituents has been developed. [18F]Fluorobenzaldehydes, prepared from no-carrier-added (NCA) [18F]fluoride using nucleophilic aromatic substitution of fluoro or nitro groups, were decarbonylated using palladium on charcoal (Pd-C). By this approach 2-methoxy-4-nitrobenzaldehyde was converted to NCA 3-[18F]fluorophenol (25-30%, EOB) and 4-fluoro-2-methoxy-5-methylbenzaldehyde to carrier-added (CA) 3-[18F]fluoro-4-methylphenol (30-40%, EOB). Overall synthesis time was about 2 h. Since the 4-fluoro-2-methoxy-5-methylbenzaldehyde was in turn prepared by methylation and regiospecific formylation of 3-fluoro-4-methylphenol, the overall process represents use of a removable activating group for nucleophilic aromatic substitution with [18F]fluoride for preparation of CA and NCA aryl [18F]fluorides.
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Affiliation(s)
- P K Chakraborty
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109
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37
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Ali H, van Lier JE. Synthesis and receptor binding affinity of 7α- and 17α-substituted 2- and 4-chloroestradiol derivatives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1991. [DOI: 10.1039/p19910002485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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38
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Luedtke RR, Bush M, Mach RH, Ehrenkaufer RE, Kung HF, Molinoff PB. Antibodies with high affinity for spiroperidol--II. Cross reactivity with iodobenzamide and domperidone. Mol Immunol 1990; 27:667-77. [PMID: 2395438 DOI: 10.1016/0161-5890(90)90010-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Three radioligands, 3H-spiroperidol (3H-SPD), 3H-domperidone (3H-DOMP) and 125I-iodobenzamide (125I-IBZM), were used to investigate the antibody response to two haptens, aminospiroperidol (NH2SPD) and N-aminophenethylspiroperidol (NAPS). Although structurally different, these three radioligands each bind with high affinity to the D2 dopamine receptor. Antibodies with high affinity for 3H-SPD were elicited in rabbits following immunization with the hapten NH2SPD covalently linked to keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH). In addition, antibodies in the rabbit anti-NH2SPD antisera bound 125I-IBZM or 3H-DOMP. Rabbit anti-NH2SPD antibodies that bound 125I-IBZM or 3H-DOMP were found to have higher affinity for IBZM or DOMP, respectively, than for SPD. The binding properties of the anti-NH2SPD antibodies that bound 3H-SPD, 125I-IBZM and 3H-DOMP were characterized using a panel of competitive inhibitors and each radioligand appeared to bind to a distinct subpopulation of anti-NH2SPD antibodies. BALB/c mice were immunized with NH2SPD-KLH or NAPS-KLH. A population of antibodies that bound 3H-SPD and a population of antibodies that bound 3H-DOMP were detected. The population of antibodies that bound 3H-DOMP was found to be heteroclitic for DOMP, since DOMP was a more effective competitive inhibitor than SPD. Binding sites for 125I-IBZM were not detected in either the anti-NH2SPD or the anti-NAPS BALB/c antisera. However, two anti-NAPS monoclonal antibodies, N6-24 and N6-29, that bind 3H-SPD with high affinity (Kd = 10(-9) M), were also found to bind IBZM (Ki = 2 x 10(-7) M) and DOMP (Ki = 2 x 10(-6) M). Although anti-NH2SPD and anti-NAPS antibodies were identified that appeared to bind 3H-SPD, 3H-DOMP or 125I-IBZM with high affinity, none of the populations of polyclonal antibodies or monoclonal antibodies bound all three ligands with high affinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- R R Luedtke
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia 19104
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39
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Ding YS, Shiue CY, Fowler J, Wolf A, Plenevaux A. No-carrier-added (NCA) aryl [18F]fluorides via the nucleophilic aromatic substitution of electron-rich aromatic rings. J Fluor Chem 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-1139(00)80432-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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40
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Pascali C, Luthra SK, Pike VW, Price GW, Ahier RG, Hume SP, Myers R, Manjil L, Cremer JE. The radiosynthesis of [18F]PK 14105 as an alternative radioligand for peripheral type benzodiazepine binding sites. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION APPLICATIONS AND INSTRUMENTATION. PART A, APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES 1990; 41:477-82. [PMID: 2166014 DOI: 10.1016/0883-2889(90)90008-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A method has been developed for labelling PK 14105 [N-methyl-N-(1-methyl-propyl)-1(2-fluoro-5-nitrophenyl)isoquinoline-3- carboxamide], a ligand that has high affinity and selectivity for peripheral type benzodiazepine binding sites (PBBS), with NCA fluorine-18 (t1/2 = 109.8 min, beta + = 96.9%). The method involves treating the 2-chloro-analogue with cyclotron-produced NCA [18F]fluoride in dimethyl sulphoxide, with rubidium carbonate as base, at 140 degrees C for 20 min. Purification is achieved by separation on a reverse phase Sep-Pak followed by PHLC on a silica gel column, to give chemically and radiochemically pure product with a specific activity of ca 7.4 GBq/mumol (200 mCi/mumol), decay-corrected to the end of radionuclide production (EOB). The radiosynthesis requires 210 min. giving a radiochemical yield of 10-20%, decay-corrected to EOB. [18F]PK 14105 was found to bind avidly to sites associated with kainic acid-induced unilateral lesions of rat striata. Such binding was blocked by pre-dosing the rat with PK 11195, so providing evidence for specific binding to PBBS. These results suggest that [18F]PK 14105 has potential for studying phenomena associated with PBBS in man by PET.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Pascali
- MRC Cyclotron Unit, Hammersmith Hospital, London, U.K
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41
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Maeda M, Fukumura T, Kojima M. The dimethylsulfonium moiety as a leaving group in aromatic radiofluorination using tetra-n-butylammonium [18F]fluoride. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/0883-2889(87)90046-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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42
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Dae YC, Kiesewetter DO, Katzenellenbogen JA, Kilbourn MR, Welch MJ. Halofluorination of olefins: elucidation of reaction characteristics and applications in labeling with the positron-emitting radionuclide fluorine-18. J Fluor Chem 1986. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-1139(00)85091-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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43
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Kiesewetter DO, Eckelman WC, Cohen RM, Finn RD, Larson SM. Syntheses and D2 receptor affinities of derivatives of spiperone containing aliphatic halogens. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION APPLICATIONS AND INSTRUMENTATION. PART A, APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES 1986; 37:1181-8. [PMID: 3028984 DOI: 10.1016/0883-2889(86)90003-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The development of a high affinity dopamine receptor ligand labeled with the positron emitting radionuclide, 18F (t 1/2 = 110 min), is of considerable interest for imaging and quantification of dopamine receptors in vivo. Derivatives of spiperone, a dopamine antagonist, labeled with 18F have been prepared, but the syntheses either proceed with inefficient fluoride utilization or involve several synthetic steps subsequent to 18F incorporation. To date, only the short-lived radioisotope of carbon, 11C (t 1/2 = 20.4 min), has been efficiently incorporated in the final synthetic step of 3-N-[11C]methyl-spiperone. 3-N-Fluoroethyl, 3-N-chloroethyl, and 3-N-bromoethyl spiperone derivatives are prepared by alkylation of spiperone with the appropriate 2-tosyloxy ethyl halide. In addition, alpha-fluorospiperone, containing fluorine alpha to the butyrophenone carbonyl, has been prepared. The 3-N-haloethyl spiperones display high affinity for dopamine receptor in vitro. Incorporation of [18F]fluoride during the final synthetic step yields a high affinity, 18F-labeled dopamine receptor-binding ligand.
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44
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Stöcklin G. Molecules labeled with positron emitting halogens. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION APPLICATIONS AND INSTRUMENTATION. PART B, NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 1986; 13:109-18. [PMID: 3533853 DOI: 10.1016/0883-2897(86)90225-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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45
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Berridge MS, Tewson TJ. Chemistry of fluorine-18 radiopharmaceuticals. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION APPLICATIONS AND INSTRUMENTATION. PART A, APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES 1986; 37:685-93. [PMID: 3021669 DOI: 10.1016/0883-2889(86)90262-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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46
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Speranza M, Shiue CY, Wolf A, Wilbur D, Angelini G. Electrophilic radiofluorination of aryltrimethylsilanes as a general route to 18F-labeled aryl fluorides. J Fluor Chem 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-1139(00)80525-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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