1
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Eap CB, Gründer G, Baumann P, Ansermot N, Conca A, Corruble E, Crettol S, Dahl ML, de Leon J, Greiner C, Howes O, Kim E, Lanzenberger R, Meyer JH, Moessner R, Mulder H, Müller DJ, Reis M, Riederer P, Ruhe HG, Spigset O, Spina E, Stegman B, Steimer W, Stingl J, Suzen S, Uchida H, Unterecker S, Vandenberghe F, Hiemke C. Tools for optimising pharmacotherapy in psychiatry (therapeutic drug monitoring, molecular brain imaging and pharmacogenetic tests): focus on antidepressants. World J Biol Psychiatry 2021; 22:561-628. [PMID: 33977870 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2021.1878427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: More than 40 drugs are available to treat affective disorders. Individual selection of the optimal drug and dose is required to attain the highest possible efficacy and acceptable tolerability for every patient.Methods: This review, which includes more than 500 articles selected by 30 experts, combines relevant knowledge on studies investigating the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and pharmacogenetics of 33 antidepressant drugs and of 4 drugs approved for augmentation in cases of insufficient response to antidepressant monotherapy. Such studies typically measure drug concentrations in blood (i.e. therapeutic drug monitoring) and genotype relevant genetic polymorphisms of enzymes, transporters or receptors involved in drug metabolism or mechanism of action. Imaging studies, primarily positron emission tomography that relates drug concentrations in blood and radioligand binding, are considered to quantify target structure occupancy by the antidepressant drugs in vivo. Results: Evidence is given that in vivo imaging, therapeutic drug monitoring and genotyping and/or phenotyping of drug metabolising enzymes should be an integral part in the development of any new antidepressant drug.Conclusions: To guide antidepressant drug therapy in everyday practice, there are multiple indications such as uncertain adherence, polypharmacy, nonresponse and/or adverse reactions under therapeutically recommended doses, where therapeutic drug monitoring and cytochrome P450 genotyping and/or phenotyping should be applied as valid tools of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- C B Eap
- Unit of Pharmacogenetics and Clinical Psychopharmacology, Center for Psychiatric Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Center for Research and Innovation in Clinical Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Lausanne, Switzerland, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - G Gründer
- Department of Molecular Neuroimaging, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - P Baumann
- Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - N Ansermot
- Unit of Pharmacogenetics and Clinical Psychopharmacology, Center for Psychiatric Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - A Conca
- Department of Psychiatry, Health Service District Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, South Tyrolean Regional Health Service, Bolzano, Italy
| | - E Corruble
- INSERM CESP, Team ≪MOODS≫, Service Hospitalo-Universitaire de Psychiatrie, Universite Paris Saclay, Le Kremlin Bicetre, France.,Service Hospitalo-Universitaire de Psychiatrie, Hôpital Bicêtre, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - S Crettol
- Unit of Pharmacogenetics and Clinical Psychopharmacology, Center for Psychiatric Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - M L Dahl
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J de Leon
- Eastern State Hospital, University of Kentucky Mental Health Research Center, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - C Greiner
- Bundesinstitut für Arzneimittel und Medizinprodukte, Bonn, Germany
| | - O Howes
- King's College London and MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences (LMS)-Imperial College, London, UK
| | - E Kim
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University College of Natural Sciences, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - R Lanzenberger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - J H Meyer
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, CAMH and Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - R Moessner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - H Mulder
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Wilhelmina Hospital Assen, Assen, The Netherlands.,GGZ Drenthe Mental Health Services Drenthe, Assen, The Netherlands.,Department of Pharmacotherapy, Epidemiology and Economics, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Psychiatry, Interdisciplinary Centre for Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - D J Müller
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - M Reis
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Clinical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - P Riederer
- Center of Mental Health, Clinic and Policlinic for Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Southern Denmark Odense, Odense, Denmark
| | - H G Ruhe
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - O Spigset
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, St. Olav University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - E Spina
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - B Stegman
- Institut für Pharmazie der Universität Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - W Steimer
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - J Stingl
- Institute for Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital of RWTH Aachen, Germany
| | - S Suzen
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - H Uchida
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - S Unterecker
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - F Vandenberghe
- Unit of Pharmacogenetics and Clinical Psychopharmacology, Center for Psychiatric Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - C Hiemke
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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2
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Falkenstein M, Elek M, Stark H. Chemical Probes for Histamine Receptor Subtypes. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2021; 59:29-76. [PMID: 34595743 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2021_254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Ligands with different properties and different selectivity are highly needed for in vitro and in vivo studies on the (patho)physiological influence of the chemical mediator histamine and its receptor subtypes. A selection of well-described ligands for the different receptor subtypes and different studies is shown with a particular focus on affinity and selectivity. In addition, compounds with radioactive or fluorescence elements will be presented with their beneficial use for other species or different investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Falkenstein
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Milica Elek
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Holger Stark
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany.
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3
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Zak A, Lemaire L, Chalon S, Chicheri G, Marzag H, Bodard S, Sérrière S, Routier S, Buron F, Vercouillie J. [ 18 F]-labeled positron emission tomography ligand for the histamine H4 receptor. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2021; 64:363-372. [PMID: 34089268 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
We synthesized 5-[18 F]-fluoro-1H-indol-2-yl)(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)methanone ([18 F]5) via a Suzuki approach starting from a protected pinacol borane precursor followed by acidic hydrolysis of the t-Boc protecting group. The non-optimized radiochemical yield was 5.7 ± 1.35%, radiochemical purity was over 99%, and molar activity was 100.7 ± 34.5 GBq/μmol (n = 3). [18 F]5 was stable in rat plasma for at least 4 h and was evaluated by μPET imaging and biodistribution using a unilateral quinolinic acid rat model of neuroinflammation. The time-activity curve showed that [18 F]5 entered the brain immediately after intravenous injection and then left it progressively with a very low level reached from 30 min after injection. The biodistribution study showed no difference in the accumulation of [18 F]5 between the lesioned and intact side of the brain and between control rats and animals pretreated with a saturating dose of JNJ-7777120 as a specific H4R antagonist. Hence, despite its in vitro nanomolar affinity for H4R, and its ability to cross the blood-brain barrier in rats, [18 F]5 does not appear suitable to image in vivo the receptor by PET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Zak
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique, Université d'Orléans, UMR CNRS 7311, Orléans, France
| | - Lucas Lemaire
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique, Université d'Orléans, UMR CNRS 7311, Orléans, France
| | - Sylvie Chalon
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France
| | - Gabrielle Chicheri
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France.,CERRP, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Hamid Marzag
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique, Université d'Orléans, UMR CNRS 7311, Orléans, France
| | - Sylvie Bodard
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France
| | - Sophie Sérrière
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France
| | - Sylvain Routier
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique, Université d'Orléans, UMR CNRS 7311, Orléans, France
| | - Frédéric Buron
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique, Université d'Orléans, UMR CNRS 7311, Orléans, France
| | - Johnny Vercouillie
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France.,CERRP, Université de Tours, Tours, France.,INSERM CIC 1415, University Hospital, Tours, France
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4
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Ermert J, Benešová M, Hugenberg V, Gupta V, Spahn I, Pietzsch HJ, Liolios C, Kopka K. Radiopharmaceutical Sciences. Clin Nucl Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-39457-8_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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5
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The chemistry of labeling heterocycles with carbon-11 or fluorine-18 for biomedical imaging. ADVANCES IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aihch.2019.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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6
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Pittenger C. The histidine decarboxylase model of tic pathophysiology: a new focus on the histamine H 3 receptor. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 177:570-579. [PMID: 30714121 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Histamine dysregulation was implicated as a rare cause of Tourette syndrome and other tic disorders a decade ago by a landmark genetic study in a high density family pedigree, which implicated a hypomorphic mutation in the histidine decarboxylase (Hdc) gene as a rare but high penetrance genetic cause. Studies in Hdc knockout (KO) mice have confirmed that this mutation causes tic-relevant behavioural and neurochemical abnormalities that parallel what is seen in patients and thus validate the KO as a potentially informative model of tic pathophysiology. Recent studies have focused on the potential role of the histamine H3 receptor in this model, and by association in tic disorders and related neuropsychiatric conditions. The H3 receptor is up-regulated in the striatum in Hdc KO mice. As the H3 receptor has constitutive activity in the absence of ligand, this receptor up-regulation may have significant cellular effects despite the absence of neurotransmitter histamine in these mice. Activation in vivo of H3 receptors in wild type mice regulates signalling in striatal medium spiny neurons (MSNs) that interacts non-linearly with dopamine receptor signalling. Baseline signalling alterations in MSNs in Hdc KO mice resemble those seen after H3 receptor agonist treatment in wild type animals. H3 receptor agonist treatment in the KOs further accentuates most of these signalling abnormalities and produces behavioural stereotypy. Together, these data suggest the intriguing hypothesis that constitutive signalling by up-regulated H3 receptors explains many of the molecular and behavioural abnormalities seen in these animals. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed section on New Uses for 21st Century. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v177.3/issuetoc.
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7
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Franco Machado J, Silva RD, Melo R, G Correia JD. Less Exploited GPCRs in Precision Medicine: Targets for Molecular Imaging and Theranostics. Molecules 2018; 24:E49. [PMID: 30583594 PMCID: PMC6337414 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24010049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Precision medicine relies on individually tailored therapeutic intervention taking into account individual variability. It is strongly dependent on the availability of target-specific drugs and/or imaging agents that recognize molecular targets and patient-specific disease mechanisms. The most sensitive molecular imaging modalities, Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) and Positron Emission Tomography (PET), rely on the interaction between an imaging radioprobe and a target. Moreover, the use of target-specific molecular tools for both diagnostics and therapy, theranostic agents, represent an established methodology in nuclear medicine that is assuming an increasingly important role in precision medicine. The design of innovative imaging and/or theranostic agents is key for further accomplishments in the field. G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), apart from being highly relevant drug targets, have also been largely exploited as molecular targets for non-invasive imaging and/or systemic radiotherapy of various diseases. Herein, we will discuss recent efforts towards the development of innovative imaging and/or theranostic agents targeting selected emergent GPCRs, namely the Frizzled receptor (FZD), Ghrelin receptor (GHSR-1a), G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER), and Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor (S1PR). The pharmacological and clinical relevance will be highlighted, giving particular attention to the studies on the synthesis and characterization of targeted molecular imaging agents, biological evaluation, and potential clinical applications in oncology and non-oncology diseases. Whenever relevant, supporting computational studies will be also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Franco Machado
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, CTN, Estrada Nacional 10 (km 139,7), 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal.
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Rúben D Silva
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, CTN, Estrada Nacional 10 (km 139,7), 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal.
| | - Rita Melo
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, CTN, Estrada Nacional 10 (km 139,7), 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal.
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology; Rua Larga, Faculdade de Medicina, Polo I, 1ºandar, Universidade de Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - João D G Correia
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, CTN, Estrada Nacional 10 (km 139,7), 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal.
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8
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Dettori I, Gaviano L, Melani A, Lucarini L, Durante M, Masini E, Pedata F. A Selective Histamine H 4 Receptor Antagonist, JNJ7777120, Is Protective in a Rat Model of Transient Cerebral Ischemia. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1231. [PMID: 30420807 PMCID: PMC6215858 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia is a multifactorial pathology characterized by different events evolving in time. The acute injury, characterized by excitoxicity, is followed by a secondary brain injury that develops from hours to days after ischemia. Extracellular levels of histamine increase in the ischemic area after focal cerebral ischemia induced by occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCAo). The histamine H4 receptor (H4R) is predominantly expressed in cell types of immune system where is involved in the regulation of immunological and inflammatory responses, and in numerous area of the Central Nervous System (CNS) including cortex and striatum. Our aim was to assess the putative neuroprotective effects of the potent and selective H4R antagonist, JNJ7777120 (JNJ), chronically administered (1 mg/kg, i.p., twice/day for 7 days) on damage parameters in a rat model of focal ischemia induced by transient MCAo (tMCAo). Chronic treatment with the H4R antagonist JNJ, significantly protected from the neurological deficit and from body weight loss after tMCAo. Seven days after the ischemic insult, JNJ reduced the volume of the ischemic cortical and striatal damage, the number of activated microglia and astrocytes in the ischemic cortex and striatum and decreased the plasma levels of IL-1β and TNF-α, while increased the levels of IL-10. Two days after ischemia, JNJ has reduced granulocyte infiltration in the ischemic area. Results demonstrate that the selective antagonist of H4R, JNJ, systemically and chronically administered after ischemia, reduces the ischemic brain damage, improves the neurological deficit and decreases blood pro-inflammatory cytokines, suggesting that H4R is a valuable pharmacological target after focal brain ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Felicita Pedata
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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9
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Łażewska D, Kieć-Kononowicz K. Progress in the development of histamine H 3 receptor antagonists/inverse agonists: a patent review (2013-2017). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2018; 28:175-196. [PMID: 29334795 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2018.1424135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Since years, ligands blocking histamine H3 receptor (H3R) activity (antagonists/inverse agonists) are interesting targets in the search for new cures for CNS disorders. Intensive works done by academic and pharmaceutical company researchers have led to many potent and selective H3R antagonists/inverse agonists. Some of them have reached to clinical trials. AREAS COVERED Patent applications from January 2013 to September 2017 and the most important topics connected with H3R field are analysed. Espacenet, Patentscope, Pubmed, GoogleScholar or Cochrane Library online databases were principially used to collect all the materials. EXPERT OPINION The research interest in histamine H3R field is still high although the number of patent applications has decreased during the past 4 years (around 20 publications). Complexity of histamine H3R biology e.g. many isoforms, constitutive activity, heteromerization with other receptors (dopamine D2, D1, adenosine A2A) and pharmacology make not easy realization and evaluation of therapeutic potential of anti-H3R ligands. First results from clinical trials have verified potential utility of histamine H3R antagonist/inverse agonists in some diseases. However, more studies are necessary for better understanding of an involvement of the histaminergic system in CNS-related disorders and helping more ligands approach to clinical trials and the market. Lists of abbreviations: hAChEI - human acetylcholinesterase inhibitor; hBuChEI - human butyrylcholinesterase inhibitor; hMAO - human monoamine oxidase; MAO - monoamine oxidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Łażewska
- a Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs , Jagiellonian University Medical College , Kraków , Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kieć-Kononowicz
- a Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs , Jagiellonian University Medical College , Kraków , Poland
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10
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11C-Labeling of Aryl Ketones as Candidate Histamine Subtype-3 Receptor PET Radioligands through Pd(0)-Mediated 11C-Carbonylative Coupling. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22050792. [PMID: 28498336 PMCID: PMC5530730 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22050792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Revised: 05/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pd(0)-mediated coupling between iodoarenes, [11C]carbon monoxide and aryltributylstannanes has been used to prepare simple model [11C]aryl ketones. Here, we aimed to label four 2-aminoethylbenzofuran chemotype based molecules ([11C]1–4) in the carbonyl position, as prospective positron emission tomography (PET) radioligands for the histamine subtype 3 receptor (H3R) by adapting this methodology with use of aryltrimethylstannanes. Radiosynthesis was successfully performed on a platform equipped with a mini-autoclave and a liquid handling robotic arm, within a lead-shielded hot-cell. Candidate radioligands were readily formulated in saline containing ethanol (10%, v/v) and ascorbic acid (0.5 mg/10 mL). Yields for preclinical use were in the range of 5–9%, decay-corrected from cyclotron-produced [11C]CO2 and molar activities were >115 GBq/µmol at end of synthesis. Radiochemical purities exceeded >97%.
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11
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Hanyu M, Kawamura K, Takei M, Furutsuka K, Shiomi S, Fujishiro T, Ogawa M, Nengaki N, Hashimoto H, Fukumura T, Zhang MR. Radiosynthesis and quality control of [ 11 C]TASP457 as a clinically useful PET ligand for imaging of histamine H 3 receptors in human brain. Nucl Med Biol 2016; 43:679-684. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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12
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Airas L, Rissanen E, Rinne J. Imaging of microglial activation in MS using PET: Research use and potential future clinical application. Mult Scler 2016; 23:496-504. [PMID: 27760860 DOI: 10.1177/1352458516674568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex disease, where several processes can be selected as a target for positron emission topography (PET) imaging. Unlike magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), PET provides specific and quantitative information, and unlike neuropathology, it can be non-invasively applied to living patients, which enables longitudinal follow-up of the MS pathology. In the study of MS, PET can be useful for in vivo evaluation of specific pathological characteristics at various stages of the disease. Increased understanding of the progressive MS pathology will enhance the treatment options of this undertreated condition. The ultimate goal of developing and expanding PET in the study of MS is to have clinical non-invasive in vivo imaging biomarkers of neuroinflammation that will help to establish prognosis and accurately measure response to therapeutics. This topical review provides an overview of the promises and challenges of the use of PET in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Airas
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Eero Rissanen
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Juha Rinne
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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13
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Janssen B, Vugts DJ, Funke U, Molenaar GT, Kruijer PS, van Berckel BNM, Lammertsma AA, Windhorst AD. Imaging of neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis and stroke: Recent developments in positron emission tomography. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2015; 1862:425-41. [PMID: 26643549 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2015.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Revised: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is thought to play a pivotal role in many diseases affecting the brain, including Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis and stroke. Neuroinflammation is characterised predominantly by microglial activation, which can be visualised using positron emission tomography (PET). Traditionally, translocator protein 18kDa (TSPO) is the target for imaging of neuroinflammation using PET. In this review, recent preclinical and clinical research using PET in Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis and stroke is summarised. In addition, new molecular targets for imaging of neuroinflammation, such as monoamine oxidases, adenosine receptors and cannabinoid receptor type 2, are discussed. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Neuro Inflammation edited by Helga E. de Vries and Markus Schwaninger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bieneke Janssen
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Danielle J Vugts
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Uta Funke
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; BV Cyclotron VU, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ger T Molenaar
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; BV Cyclotron VU, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Bart N M van Berckel
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Adriaan A Lammertsma
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Albert D Windhorst
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Airas L, Rissanen E, Rinne JO. Imaging neuroinflammation in multiple sclerosis using TSPO-PET. Clin Transl Imaging 2015; 3:461-473. [PMID: 27331049 PMCID: PMC4887541 DOI: 10.1007/s40336-015-0147-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Conventional MR imaging (MRI) techniques form the cornerstone of multiple sclerosis (MS) diagnostics and clinical follow-up today. MRI is sensitive in demonstrating focal inflammatory lesions and diffuse atrophy. However, especially in progressive MS, there is increasingly widespread diffuse pathology also outside the plaques, often related to microglial activation and neurodegeneration. This cannot be detected using conventional MRI. Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging using 18-kDa translocator protein (TSPO) binding radioligands has recently shown promise as a tool to detect this diffuse pathology in vivo, and for the first time allows one to follow its development longitudinally. It is becoming evident that the more advanced the MS disease is, the more pronounced is microglial activation. PET imaging allows the detection of MS-related pathology at molecular level in vivo. It has potential to enable measurement of effects of new disease-modifying drugs aimed at reducing neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation. PET imaging could thus be included in the design of future clinical trials of progressive MS. There are still technical issues related to the quality of TSPO radioligands and post-processing methodology, and comparison of studies from different PET centres is challenging. In this review, we summarise the main evidence supporting the use of TSPO-PET as a tool to explore the diffuse inflammation in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Airas
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20521 Turku, Finland
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Eero Rissanen
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20521 Turku, Finland
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Juha O. Rinne
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20521 Turku, Finland
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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15
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Finnema SJ, Scheinin M, Shahid M, Lehto J, Borroni E, Bang-Andersen B, Sallinen J, Wong E, Farde L, Halldin C, Grimwood S. Application of cross-species PET imaging to assess neurotransmitter release in brain. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2015; 232:4129-57. [PMID: 25921033 PMCID: PMC4600473 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-015-3938-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE This review attempts to summarize the current status in relation to the use of positron emission tomography (PET) imaging in the assessment of synaptic concentrations of endogenous mediators in the living brain. OBJECTIVES Although PET radioligands are now available for more than 40 CNS targets, at the initiation of the Innovative Medicines Initiative (IMI) "Novel Methods leading to New Medications in Depression and Schizophrenia" (NEWMEDS) in 2009, PET radioligands sensitive to an endogenous neurotransmitter were only validated for dopamine. NEWMEDS work-package 5, "Cross-species and neurochemical imaging (PET) methods for drug discovery", commenced with a focus on developing methods enabling assessment of changes in extracellular concentrations of serotonin and noradrenaline in the brain. RESULTS Sharing the workload across institutions, we utilized in vitro techniques with cells and tissues, in vivo receptor binding and microdialysis techniques in rodents, and in vivo PET imaging in non-human primates and humans. Here, we discuss these efforts and review other recently published reports on the use of radioligands to assess changes in endogenous levels of dopamine, serotonin, noradrenaline, γ-aminobutyric acid, glutamate, acetylcholine, and opioid peptides. The emphasis is on assessment of the availability of appropriate translational tools (PET radioligands, pharmacological challenge agents) and on studies in non-human primates and human subjects, as well as current challenges and future directions. CONCLUSIONS PET imaging directed at investigating changes in endogenous neurochemicals, including the work done in NEWMEDS, have highlighted an opportunity to further extend the capability and application of this technology in drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sjoerd J. Finnema
- />Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mika Scheinin
- />Department of Pharmacology, Drug Development and Therapeutics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland , />Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Mohammed Shahid
- />Research and Development, Orion Corporation, Orion Pharma, Turku, Finland
| | - Jussi Lehto
- />Department of Pharmacology, Drug Development and Therapeutics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Edilio Borroni
- />Neuroscience Department, Hoffman-La Roche, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Jukka Sallinen
- />Research and Development, Orion Corporation, Orion Pharma, Turku, Finland
| | - Erik Wong
- />Neuroscience Innovative Medicine Unit, AstraZeneca, Wilmington, DE USA
| | - Lars Farde
- />Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden , />Translational Science Center at Karolinska Institutet, AstraZeneca, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christer Halldin
- />Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sarah Grimwood
- Neuroscience Research Unit, Pfizer Inc, Cambridge, MA, USA. .,, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
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Lewis DY, Champion S, Wyper D, Dewar D, Pimlott S. Assessment of [125I]WYE-230949 as a novel histamine H3 receptor radiopharmaceutical. PLoS One 2014; 9:e115876. [PMID: 25542008 PMCID: PMC4277420 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Histamine H3 receptor therapeutics have been proposed for several diseases such as schizophrenia, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, Alzheimer's disease and obesity. We set out to evaluate the novel compound, [125I]WYE-230949, as a potential radionuclide imaging agent for the histamine H3 receptor in brain. [125I]WYE-230949 had a high in vitro affinity for the rat histamine H3 receptor (Kd of 6.9 nM). The regional distribution of [125I]WYE-230949 binding sites in rat brain, demonstrated by in vitro autoradiography, was consistent with the known distribution of the histamine H3 receptor. Rat brain uptake of intravenously injected [125I]WYE-230949 was low (0.11 %ID/g) and the ratio of specific: non-specific binding was less than 1.4, as determined by ex vivo autoradiography. In plasma, metabolism of [125I]WYE-230949 into a less lipophilic species occurred, such that less than 38% of the parent compound remained 30 minutes after injection. Brain uptake and metabolism of [125I]WYE-230949 were increased and specific binding was reduced in anaesthetised compared to conscious rats. [125I]WYE230949 is not a potential radiotracer for imaging rat histamine H3 receptors in vivo due to low brain uptake, in vivo metabolism of the parent compound and low specific binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Y. Lewis
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Sue Champion
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - David Wyper
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Deborah Dewar
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Sally Pimlott
- Department of Clinical Physics, Greater Glasgow NHS Trust and University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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Histamine H4-receptor expression in the brain? Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2014; 388:5-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00210-014-1067-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Li W, Wu XF. Palladium-Catalyzed Carbonylative Synthesis of Benzoxazinones from N-(o-Bromoaryl)amides Using Paraformaldehyde as the Carbonyl Source. J Org Chem 2014; 79:10410-6. [DOI: 10.1021/jo5020118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wanfang Li
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Xiao-Feng Wu
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
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Huang HL, Huang YC, Lee WY, Yeh CN, Lin KJ, Yu CS. 18F-glutathione conjugate as a PET tracer for imaging tumors that overexpress L-PGDS enzyme. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104118. [PMID: 25111383 PMCID: PMC4128654 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase (L-PGDS) has been correlated with the progression of neurological disorders. The present study aimed at evaluating the imaging potency of a glutathione conjugate of fluorine-18-labeled fluorobutyl ethacrynic amide ([18F]FBuEA-GS) for brain tumors. Preparation of [18F]FBuEA-GS has been modified from the -4-tosylate derivative via radiofluorination in 5% radiochemical yield. The mixture of nonradioactive FBuEA-GS derived from a parallel preparation has be resolved to two isomers in a ratio of 9∶1 using analytic chiral reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). The two fluorine-18-labeled isomers purified through nonchiral semipreparative RP-HPLC as a mixture were studied by assessing the binding affinity toward L-PGDS through a gel filtration HPLC, by analyzing radiotracer accumulation in C6 glioma cells, and by evaluating the imaging of radiotracer in a C6 glioma rat with positron emission tomography. The inhibition percentage of the production of PGD2 from PGH2 at the presence of 200 µM of FBuEA-GS and 4-Dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5-ylidene-1-[4-(2H-tetrazol-5-yl)butyl]piperidine (AT-56) were 74.1±4.8% and 97.6±16.0%, respectively. [18F]FBuEA-GS bound L-PGDS (16.3–21.7%) but not the isoform, microsomal prostaglandin E synthase 1. No binding to GST-alpha and GST-pi was observed. The binding strength between [18F]FBuEA-GS and L-PGDS has been evaluated using analytic gel filtration HPLC at the presence of various concentrations of the cold competitor FBuEA-GS. The contrasted images indicated that the radiotracer accumulation in tumor lesions is probably related to the overexpression of L-PGDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Lien Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsinghua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Cheng Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chang-Gung memorial Hospital at Linkou, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Yuan Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsinghua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Nan Yeh
- Department of Surgery, Chang-Gung memorial Hospital at Linkou, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Ju Lin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Shan Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsinghua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Sciences, National Tsinghua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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