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Lin M, Pham CD, Ta RT, Manning HC. cGMP compliant one-step, one-pot automated [ 18F]FBnTP production for clinical imaging of mitochondrial activity. EJNMMI Radiopharm Chem 2024; 9:51. [PMID: 38935218 PMCID: PMC11211300 DOI: 10.1186/s41181-024-00274-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND 4-[18F]fluorobenzyl-triphenylphosphonium ([18F]FBnTP) is a lipophilic cation PET tracer. The cellular uptake of [18F]FBnTP is correlated with oxidative phosphorylation by mitochondria, which has been associated with multiple critical diseases. To date, [18F]FBnTP has been successfully applied for imaging myocardial perfusion, assessment of severity of coronary artery stenosis, delineation of the ischemic area after transient coronary occlusion, and detection/quantification of apoptosis in various animal models. Recent preclinical and clinical studies have also expanded the possibilities of using [18F]FBnTP in oncological diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring. However, [18F]FBnTP is typically prepared through a tediously lengthy four-step, three-pot reaction and required multiple synthesizer modules; Thus, such an approach remains a challenge for this promising radiopharmaceutical to be implemented for routine clinical studies. Herein, we report an optimized one-step, one-pot automated approach to produce [18F]FBnTP through a single standard commercially-available radiosynthesizer that enables centralized production for clinical use. RESULTS The fully automated production of [18F]FBnTP took less than 55 min with radiochemical yields ranging from 28.33 ± 13.92% (non-decay corrected), apparent molar activity of 69.23 ± 45.62 GBq/µmol, and radiochemical purities of 99.79 ± 0.41%. The formulated [18F]FBnTP solution was determined to be sterile and colorless with a pH of 4.0-6.0. Our data has indicated no observable radiolysis after 8 h from the time of final product formulation and maximum assay of 7.88 GBq. CONCLUSIONS A simplified and cGMP-compliant radiosynthesis of [18F]FBnTP has been established on the commercially available synthesizer in high activity concentration and radiochemical purity. While the preclinical and clinical studies using [18F]FBnTP PET are currently underway, the automated approaches reported herein facilitate clinical adoption of this radiotracer and warrant centralized production of [18F]FBnTP for imaging multiple patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Lin
- Cyclotron Radiochemistry Facility, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - Cong-Dat Pham
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Robert T Ta
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - H Charles Manning
- Cyclotron Radiochemistry Facility, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77054, USA.
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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2
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Lu Y, Collins J, Lin KS, van Dam RM. Scalable droplet-based radiosynthesis of [ 18F]fluorobenzyltriphenylphosphonium cation ([ 18F]FBnTP) via a "numbering up" approach. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:728-737. [PMID: 38240629 PMCID: PMC10869106 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc01068f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
The [18F]fluorobenzyltriphenylphosphonium cation ([18F]FBnTP) has emerged as a highly promising positron emission tomography (PET) tracer for myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) due to its uniform distribution in the myocardium and favorable organ biodistribution demonstrated in preclinical studies. However, a complex and low-efficiency radiosynthesis procedure has significantly hindered its broader preclinical and clinical explorations. Recently, Zhang et al. developed a pinacolyl arylboronate precursor, enabling a one-step synthesis process that greatly streamlines the production of [18F]FBnTP. Building upon this progress, our group successfully adapted the approach to a microdroplet reaction format and demonstrated improved radiosynthesis performance in a preliminary optimization study. However, scaling up to clinical dose amounts was not explored. In this work, we demonstrate that scale-up can be performed in a straightforward manner using a "numbering up" strategy (i.e. performing multiple droplet reactions in parallel and pooling the crude products). The resulting radiochemical yield after purification and formulation was high, up to 66 ± 1% (n = 4) for a set of experiments involving pooling of 4 droplet reactions, accompanied by excellent radiochemical purity (>99%) and molar activity (339-710 GBq μmol-1). Notably, we efficiently achieved sufficient activity yield (0.76-1.84 GBq) for multiple clinical doses from 1.6 to 3.7 GBq of [18F]fluoride in just 37-47 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingqing Lu
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Department of Molecular & Medical Pharmacology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Physics and Biology in Medicine Interdepartmental Graduate Program, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey Collins
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Department of Molecular & Medical Pharmacology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kuo-Shyan Lin
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - R Michael van Dam
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Department of Molecular & Medical Pharmacology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Physics and Biology in Medicine Interdepartmental Graduate Program, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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3
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Jones J, Do V, Lu Y, van Dam RM. Accelerating radiochemistry development: Automated robotic platform for performing up to 64 droplet radiochemical reactions in a morning. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL (LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND : 1996) 2023; 468:143524. [PMID: 37576334 PMCID: PMC10421640 DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2023.143524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
The growing discovery and development of novel radiopharmaceuticals and radiolabeling methods requires an increasing capacity for radiochemistry experiments. However, such studies typically rely on radiosynthesizers designed for clinical batch production rather than research, greatly limiting throughput. Two general solutions are being pursued to address this: developing new synthesis optimization algorithms to minimize how many experiments are needed, and developing apparatus with enhanced experiment throughput. We describe here a novel high-throughput system based on performing arrays of droplet-based reactions at 10 μL volume scale in parallel. The automatic robotic platform can perform a set of 64 experiments in ~3 h (from isotope loading to crude product, plus sampling onto TLC plates), plus ~1 h for off-line radio-TLC analysis and radioactivity measurements, rather than the weeks or months that would be needed using a conventional system. We show the high repeatability and low crosstalk of the platform and demonstrate optimization studies for two 18F-labeled tracers. This novel automated platform greatly increases the practicality of performing arrays of droplet reactions by eliminating human error, vastly reducing tedium and fatigue, minimizing radiation exposure, and freeing up radiochemist time for other intellectually valuable pursuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Jones
- Crump Institute of Molecular Imaging, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA),Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Physics and Biology in Medicine Interdepartmental Graduate Program, UCLA, USA
- Department of Molecular & Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, US
| | - Viviann Do
- Crump Institute of Molecular Imaging, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA),Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, UCLA, USA
| | - Yingqing Lu
- Crump Institute of Molecular Imaging, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA),Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Physics and Biology in Medicine Interdepartmental Graduate Program, UCLA, USA
- Department of Molecular & Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, US
| | - R Michael van Dam
- Crump Institute of Molecular Imaging, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA),Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Physics and Biology in Medicine Interdepartmental Graduate Program, UCLA, USA
- Department of Molecular & Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, US
- Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science, UCLA, USA
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4
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Zhu Y, Chen L, Hou W, Li Y. Recent Progress in Nucleophilic Fluoride Mediated Fluorine-18 Labeling of Arenes and Heteroarenes. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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5
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Wright JS, Kaur T, Preshlock S, Tanzey SS, Winton WP, Sharninghausen LS, Wiesner N, Brooks AF, Sanford MS, Scott PJH. Copper-Mediated Late-stage Radiofluorination: Five Years of Impact on Pre-clinical and Clinical PET Imaging. Clin Transl Imaging 2020; 8:167-206. [PMID: 33748018 DOI: 10.1007/s40336-020-00368-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Copper-mediated radiofluorination (CMRF) is emerging as the method of choice for the formation of aromatic C-18F bonds. This minireview examines proof-of-concept, pre-clinical, and in-human imaging studies of new and established imaging agents containing aromatic C-18F bonds synthesized with CMRF. An exhaustive discussion of CMRF methods is not provided, although key developments that have enabled or improved upon the syntheses of fluorine-18 imaging agents are discussed. Methods A comprehensive literature search from April 2014 onwards of the Web of Science and PubMed library databases was performed to find reports that utilize CMRF for the synthesis of fluorine-18 radiopharmaceuticals, and these represent the primary body of research discussed in this minireview. Select conference proceedings, previous reports describing alternative methods for the synthesis of imaging agents, and preceding fluorine-19 methodologies have also been included for discussion. Conclusions CMRF has significantly expanded the chemical space that is accessible to fluorine-18 radiolabeling with production methods that can meet the regulatory requirements for use in Nuclear Medicine. Furthermore, it has enabled novel and improved syntheses of radiopharmaceuticals and facilitated subsequent PET imaging studies. The rapid adoption of CMRF will undoubtedly continue to simplify the production of imaging agents and inspire the development of new radiofluorination methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay S Wright
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Tanpreet Kaur
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Sean Preshlock
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Sean S Tanzey
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Wade P Winton
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | | | - Nicholas Wiesner
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Allen F Brooks
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Melanie S Sanford
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Peter J H Scott
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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6
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Mossine AV, Tanzey SS, Brooks AF, Makaravage KJ, Ichiishi N, Miller JM, Henderson BD, Erhard T, Bruetting C, Skaddan MB, Sanford MS, Scott PJH. Synthesis of high-molar-activity [ 18F]6-fluoro-L-DOPA suitable for human use via Cu-mediated fluorination of a BPin precursor. Nat Protoc 2020; 15:1742-1759. [PMID: 32269382 PMCID: PMC7333241 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-020-0305-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
[18F]6-fluoro-L-DOPA ([18F]FDOPA) is a diagnostic radiopharmaceutical for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging that is used to image Parkinson's disease, brain tumors, and focal hyperinsulinism of infancy. Despite these important applications, [18F]FDOPA PET remains underutilized because of synthetic challenges associated with accessing the radiotracer for clinical use; these stem from the need to radiofluorinate a highly electron-rich catechol ring in the presence of an amino acid. To address this longstanding challenge in the PET radiochemistry community, we have developed a one-pot, two-step synthesis of high-molar-activity [18F]FDOPA by Cu-mediated fluorination of a pinacol boronate (BPin) precursor. The method is fully automated, has been validated to work well at two separate sites (an academic facility with a cyclotron on site and an industry lab purchasing [18F]fluoride from an outside vendor), and provides [18F]FDOPA in reasonable radiochemical yield (2.44 ± 0.70 GBq, 66 ± 19 mCi, 5 ± 1%), excellent radiochemical purity (>98%) and high molar activity (76 ± 30 TBq/mmol, 2,050 ± 804 Ci/mmol), n = 26. Herein we report a detailed protocol for the synthesis of [18F]FDOPA that has been successfully implemented at two sites and validated for production of the radiotracer for human use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew V Mossine
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Curium Pharma, Nuclear Medicine Manufacturing, Noblesville, IN, USA
| | - Sean S Tanzey
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Allen F Brooks
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Katarina J Makaravage
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Naoko Ichiishi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., Process Chemistry, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jason M Miller
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Environmental Analysis Branch, US Army Corps of Engineers, Detroit, MI, USA
| | | | - Thomas Erhard
- AbbVie Deustschland GmbH & Co. KG Ludwigschafen, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | | | | | - Melanie S Sanford
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Peter J H Scott
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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7
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An Automated Multidose Synthesis of the Potentiometric PET Probe 4-[ 18F]Fluorobenzyl-Triphenylphosphonium ([ 18F]FBnTP). Mol Imaging Biol 2019; 20:205-212. [PMID: 28905308 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-017-1119-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was the automated synthesis of the mitochondrial membrane potential sensor 4-[18F]fluorobenzyl-triphenylphosphonium ([18F]FBnTP) on a commercially available synthesizer in activity yields (AY) that allow for imaging of multiple patients. PROCEDURES A three-pot, four-step synthesis was implemented on the ELIXYS FLEX/CHEM radiosynthesizer (Sofie Biosciences) and optimized for radiochemical yield (RCY), radiochemical purity (RCP) as well as chemical purity during several production runs (n = 24). The compound was purified by solid-phase extraction (SPE) with a Sep-Pak Plus Accell CM cartridge, thereby avoiding HPLC purification. RESULTS Under optimized conditions, AY of 1.4-2.2 GBq of [18F]FBnTP were obtained from 9.4 to 12.0 GBq [18F]fluoride in 90-92 min (RCY = 28.6 ± 5.1 % with n = 3). Molar activities ranged from 80 to 99 GBq/μmol at the end of synthesis. RCP of final formulations was > 99 % at the end of synthesis and > 95 % after 8 h. With starting activities of 23.2-33.0 GBq, RCY decreased to 16.1 ± 0.4 % (n = 3). The main cause of the decline in RCY when high amounts of [18F]fluoride are used is radiolytic decomposition of [18F]FBnTP during SPE purification. CONCLUSIONS In initial attempts, the probe was synthesized with RCY < 0.6 % when starting activities up to 44.6 GBq were used. Rapid radiolysis of the intermediate 4-[18F]fluorobenzaldehyde and the final product [18F]FBnTP during purification was identified as the main cause for low yields in high-activity runs. Radiolytic decomposition was hindered by the addition of radical scavengers during synthesis, purification, and formulation, thereby improving AY and RCP. The formulated probe in injectable form was synthesized without the use of HPLC and passed all applicable quality control tests.
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8
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Antuganov D, Zykov M, Timofeev V, Timofeeva K, Antuganova Y, Orlovskaya V, Fedorova O, Krasikova R. Copper-Mediated Radiofluorination of Aryl Pinacolboronate Esters: A Straightforward Protocol by Using Pyridinium Sulfonates. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201801514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dmitrii Antuganov
- PET Centre; National Almazov Medical Research Centre; 2 Akkuratova street 197341 St. Petersburg Russia
| | - Michail Zykov
- PET Centre; National Almazov Medical Research Centre; 2 Akkuratova street 197341 St. Petersburg Russia
| | - Vasilii Timofeev
- PET Centre; National Almazov Medical Research Centre; 2 Akkuratova street 197341 St. Petersburg Russia
| | - Ksenija Timofeeva
- PET Centre; National Almazov Medical Research Centre; 2 Akkuratova street 197341 St. Petersburg Russia
| | - Yulija Antuganova
- PET Centre; National Almazov Medical Research Centre; 2 Akkuratova street 197341 St. Petersburg Russia
| | - Victoriya Orlovskaya
- N.P. Bechtereva Institute of Human Brain; Laboratory of Radiochemisty; Russian Academy of Science; 9 Ak. Pavlova st. 197376 St. Petersburg Russia
| | - Olga Fedorova
- N.P. Bechtereva Institute of Human Brain; Laboratory of Radiochemisty; Russian Academy of Science; 9 Ak. Pavlova st. 197376 St. Petersburg Russia
| | - Raisa Krasikova
- N.P. Bechtereva Institute of Human Brain; Laboratory of Radiochemisty; Russian Academy of Science; 9 Ak. Pavlova st. 197376 St. Petersburg Russia
- Institute of Chemistry; Laboratory of Radiochemisty; St.-Petersburg State University; Universitetskaya Emb., 13B 199034 St. Petersburg Russia
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9
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Iwata R, Pascali C, Terasaki K, Ishikawa Y, Furumoto S, Yanai K. Practical microscale one-pot radiosynthesis of 18 F-labeled probes. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2018. [PMID: 29520821 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
High specific activity is often a significant requirement for radiopharmaceuticals. To achieve that with fluorine-18 (18 F)-labeled probes, it is mandatory to start from no-carrier-added fluoride and to reduce to a minimum the amount of precursor in order to decrease the presence of any pseudocarrier. In the present study, a feasible and efficient method for microscale one-pot radiosynthesis of 18 F-labeled probes is described. It allows a substantial reduction in precursor, solvent, and reagents, thus reducing also possible side reaction in the case of base-sensitive precursors. The method is based on the use of a small amount of Kryptofix 2.2.2/potassium [18 F]fluoride in MeOH (K.222/K[18 F]F-MeOH) obtained using Oasis MAX and MCX cartridges. Five methods, differing in terms of MeOH evaporation and precursor addition, for the radiosynthesis of [18 F]fallypride and [18 F]FET in ≤50-μL scale, were examined and evaluated. The method using the addition of DMSO to the K.222/K[18 F]F-MeOH solution prior to MeOH evaporation is proposed as a versatile procedure for feasible one-pot 10- to 20-μL scale radiosyntheses. This method was successfully applied also to the radiosynthesis of [18 F]FES, [18 F]FLT, and [18 F]FMISO, with radiochemical yields comparable with those reported in the literature. Purification of a crude product by an analytical HPLC column was also demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren Iwata
- Cyclotron and Radioisotope Center, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Claudio Pascali
- S.C. Medicina Nucleare, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Yoichi Ishikawa
- Cyclotron and Radioisotope Center, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shozo Furumoto
- Cyclotron and Radioisotope Center, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Yanai
- Cyclotron and Radioisotope Center, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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10
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Makaravage KJ, Shao X, Brooks AF, Yang L, Sanford MS, Scott PJH. Copper(II)-Mediated [ 11C]Cyanation of Arylboronic Acids and Arylstannanes. Org Lett 2018; 20:1530-1533. [PMID: 29484880 PMCID: PMC5892454 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b00242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A copper-mediated method for the transformation of diverse arylboron compounds and arylstannanes to aryl-[11C]-nitriles is reported. This method is operationally simple, uses commercially available reagents, and is compatible with a wide variety of substituted aryl- and heteroaryl substrates. This method is applied to the automated synthesis of high specific activity [11C]perampanel in 10% nondecay-corrected radiochemical yield (RCY).
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina J. Makaravage
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Xia Shao
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical School, 1301 Catherine Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Allen F. Brooks
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical School, 1301 Catherine Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Lingyun Yang
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical School, 1301 Catherine Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Melanie S. Sanford
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Peter J. H. Scott
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical School, 1301 Catherine Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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11
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Mossine AV, Brooks AF, Bernard-Gauthier V, Bailey JJ, Ichiishi N, Schirrmacher R, Sanford MS, Scott PJH. Automated synthesis of PET radiotracers by copper-mediated 18 F-fluorination of organoborons: Importance of the order of addition and competing protodeborylation. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2018; 61:228-236. [PMID: 29143408 PMCID: PMC5896751 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we describe the use of Cu-mediated [18 F]fluorodeboronation for the automated production of positron emission tomography radiotracers suitable for clinical use. Two recurrent issues with the method, low radiochemical conversion on automation and protoarene byproduct purification issues, have been successfully addressed. The new method was utilized to produce sterile injectable doses of [18 F]-(±)-IPMICF17, a positron emission tomography radiotracer for tropomyosin receptor kinase B/C, using an automated synthesis module. The product was isolated in 1.9 ± 0.1% isolated radiochemical yield, excellent radiochemical purity (>99%), and high specific activity (5294 ± 1227 Ci/mmol). Quality control testing confirmed that doses were suitable for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew V. Mossine
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical School, 1301 Catherine St., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Allen F. Brooks
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical School, 1301 Catherine St., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Vadim Bernard-Gauthier
- Medical Isotope and Cyclotron Facility, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, AB, Canada
| | - Justin J. Bailey
- Medical Isotope and Cyclotron Facility, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, AB, Canada
| | - Naoko Ichiishi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Ralf Schirrmacher
- Medical Isotope and Cyclotron Facility, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, AB, Canada
| | - Melanie S. Sanford
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Peter J. H. Scott
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical School, 1301 Catherine St., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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12
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Wilson TC, Cailly T, Gouverneur V. Boron reagents for divergent radiochemistry. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:6990-7005. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00499d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This review discusses boron reagents as precursors for divergent radiolabelling with a focus on carbon-11, fluorine-18 and iodine-123, -125, -131.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas Cailly
- Normandie Univ
- UNICAEN
- Centre d’Etudes et de Recherche sur le Médicament de Normandie (CERMN)
- 14000 Caen
- France
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13
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Lien VT, Klaveness J, Olberg DE. One-step synthesis of [18
F]cabozantinib for use in positron emission tomography imaging of c-Met. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2017; 61:11-17. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jo Klaveness
- Department of Pharmacy; University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
| | - Dag Erlend Olberg
- Department of Pharmacy; University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
- Research & Development; Norwegian Medical Cyclotron Center; Oslo Norway
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14
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Taylor NJ, Emer E, Preshlock S, Schedler M, Tredwell M, Verhoog S, Mercier J, Genicot C, Gouverneur V. Derisking the Cu-Mediated 18F-Fluorination of Heterocyclic Positron Emission Tomography Radioligands. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:8267-8276. [PMID: 28548849 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b03131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Molecules labeled with fluorine-18 (18F) are used in positron emission tomography to visualize, characterize and measure biological processes in the body. Despite recent advances in the incorporation of 18F onto arenes, the development of general and efficient approaches to label radioligands necessary for drug discovery programs remains a significant task. This full account describes a derisking approach toward the radiosynthesis of heterocyclic positron emission tomography (PET) radioligands using the copper-mediated 18F-fluorination of aryl boron reagents with 18F-fluoride as a model reaction. This approach is based on a study examining how the presence of heterocycles commonly used in drug development affects the efficiency of 18F-fluorination for a representative aryl boron reagent, and on the labeling of more than 50 (hetero)aryl boronic esters. This set of data allows for the application of this derisking strategy to the successful radiosynthesis of seven structurally complex pharmaceutically relevant heterocycle-containing molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Taylor
- University of Oxford , Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Enrico Emer
- University of Oxford , Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Sean Preshlock
- University of Oxford , Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Michael Schedler
- University of Oxford , Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Matthew Tredwell
- University of Oxford , Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Stefan Verhoog
- University of Oxford , Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Joel Mercier
- UCB Biopharma SPRL , 1420 Braine-L'Alleud, Belgium
| | | | - Véronique Gouverneur
- University of Oxford , Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
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15
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Synthesis and evaluation of 18 F-labeled CJ-042794 for imaging prostanoid EP4 receptor expression in cancer with positron emission tomography. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:2094-2098. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.03.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2017] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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16
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Zhang Z, Lau J, Zhang C, Colpo N, Nocentini A, Supuran CT, Bénard F, Lin KS. Design, synthesis and evaluation of 18F-labeled cationic carbonic anhydrase IX inhibitors for PET imaging. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2017; 32:722-730. [PMID: 28385087 PMCID: PMC6445240 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2017.1308928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrase IX (CA-IX) is a marker for tumor hypoxia, and its expression is negatively correlated with patient survival. CA-IX represents a potential target for eliminating hypoxic cancers. We synthesized fluorinated cationic sulfonamide inhibitors 1-3 designed to target CA-IX. The binding affinity for CA-IX ranged from 0.22 to 0.96 μM. We evaluated compound 2 as a diagnostic PET imaging agent. Compound 2 was radiolabeled with 18F in 10 ± 4% decay-corrected radiochemical yield with 85.1 ± 70.3 GBq/μmol specific activity and >98% radiochemical purity. 18F-labeled 2 was stable in mouse plasma at 37 °C after 1 h incubation. PET/CT imaging was conducted at 1 h post-injection in a human colorectal cancer xenograft model. 18F-labeled 2 cleared through hepatobiliary and renal pathways. Tumor uptake was approximately 0.41 ± 0.06% ID/g, with a tumor-to-muscle ratio of 1.99 ± 0.25. Subsequently, tumor xenografts were visualized with moderate contrast. This study demonstrates the use of a cationic motif for conferring isoform selectively for CA-IX imaging agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengxing Zhang
- a Department of Molecular Oncology , BC Cancer Agency , Vancouver , British Columbia , Canada
| | - Joseph Lau
- a Department of Molecular Oncology , BC Cancer Agency , Vancouver , British Columbia , Canada
| | - Chengcheng Zhang
- a Department of Molecular Oncology , BC Cancer Agency , Vancouver , British Columbia , Canada
| | - Nadine Colpo
- a Department of Molecular Oncology , BC Cancer Agency , Vancouver , British Columbia , Canada
| | - Alessio Nocentini
- b Department of Neurofarba, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutriceutical Sciences , Università Degli Studi Di Firenze , Florence , Italy
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- b Department of Neurofarba, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutriceutical Sciences , Università Degli Studi Di Firenze , Florence , Italy
| | - François Bénard
- a Department of Molecular Oncology , BC Cancer Agency , Vancouver , British Columbia , Canada.,c Department of Functional Imaging , BC Cancer Agency , Vancouver , British Columbia , Canada.,d Department of Radiology , University of British Columbia , Vancouver , British Columbia , Canada
| | - Kuo-Shyan Lin
- a Department of Molecular Oncology , BC Cancer Agency , Vancouver , British Columbia , Canada.,c Department of Functional Imaging , BC Cancer Agency , Vancouver , British Columbia , Canada.,d Department of Radiology , University of British Columbia , Vancouver , British Columbia , Canada
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17
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Research Progress on 18F-Labeled Agents for Imaging of Myocardial Perfusion with Positron Emission Tomography. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22040562. [PMID: 28358340 PMCID: PMC6154634 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22040562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause of death in the world. Myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) plays a significant role in non-invasive diagnosis and prognosis of CAD. However, neither single-photon emission computed tomography nor positron emission tomography clinical MPI agents can absolutely satisfy the demands of clinical practice. In the past decades, tremendous developments happened in the field of 18F-labeled MPI tracers. This review summarizes the current state of 18F-labeled MPI tracers, basic research data of those tracers, and the future direction of MPI tracer research.
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