1
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Alonso Martinez LM, DaSilva JN. Development of a novel [ 18 F]fluorobenzyl derivative of the AT 1 receptor antagonist Candesartan. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2021; 64:120-128. [PMID: 33084079 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Candesartan is a clinically approved angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1 R)-blocker that selectively binds AT1 Rs in high affinity. We report here the radiosynthesis and automation of the novel [18 F]fluorobenzyl derivative of Candesartan using the Sonogashira cross-coupling reaction. [18 F]Fluorobenzyl-Candesartan ([18 F]7) was developed from 4-[18 F]fluoroiodobenzene ([18 F]FIB) that was conjugated with alkyne-trityl-candesartan with the assistance of a Pd (PPh3 )4 /CuI catalyst followed by acid deprotection. The three-step two-reactor 2-HPLC purification process was automated resulting in >90% pure [18 F]7 in a RCY of 4.6 ± 1.1% (decay corrected from EOB) and molar activities of 1,406-5,513 GBq/mmol. [18 F]FIB was reproducibly obtained by direct radiofluorination of the mono-iodinated triphenylsulfonium salt in the presence of K222/K2 CO3 in an ~30% yield (decay-corrected). [18 F]7 was stable (>97%) up to 4 h in solution and up to 1 h in rat plasma at 37°C. However, the use of Sonogashira cross-coupling reaction to produce [18 F]7 in high yields and molar activities was found to be challenging for routine use in radiochemistry labs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Michel Alonso Martinez
- Radiochemistry and Cyclotron Laboratory, University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Research Center of the Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jean N DaSilva
- Radiochemistry and Cyclotron Laboratory, University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Radiology, Radio-oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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2
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Abstract
Due to similar reactivity in comparison with aromatic organometallic reagents,
diaryliodonium salts are currently in broad usage as less toxic, highly efficient, stable and
mild electrophilic reagents in organic synthesis. The hypervalent iodine center of diaryliodonium
salts can lead to unique reactivity, which thus is frequently presented in metal-free
arylations or metal-involved elementary reactions such as oxidative addition, reduction
elimination, ligand coupling and ligand exchange reaction. As such, diaryliodonium salts
have experienced explosive growth by transferring aromatics to the target molecules. In
contrast to the reviews on the synthetic utility or aryl transformations by using diaryliodonium
salts, this review provides a summary of their structures and the synthetic strategies
towards them during recent decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Guoqiang An
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Limin Wang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Jianwei Han
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
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3
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Palladium and Copper Catalyzed Sonogashira cross Coupling an Excellent Methodology for C-C Bond Formation over 17 Years: A Review. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10040443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Sonogashira coupling involves coupling of vinyl/aryl halides with terminal acetylenes catalyzed by transition metals, especially palladium and copper. This is a well known reaction in organic synthesis and plays a role in sp2-sp C-C bond formations. This cross coupling was used in synthesis of natural products, biologically active molecules, heterocycles, dendrimers, conjugated polymers and organic complexes. This review paper focuses on developments in the palladium and copper catalyzed Sonogashira cross coupling achieved in recent years concerning substrates, different catalyst systems and reaction conditions.
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4
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Ermert J, Benešová M, Hugenberg V, Gupta V, Spahn I, Pietzsch HJ, Liolios C, Kopka K. Radiopharmaceutical Sciences. Clin Nucl Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-39457-8_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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5
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Gajadeera N, Hanson RN. Review of fluorescent steroidal ligands for the estrogen receptor 1995-2018. Steroids 2019; 144:30-46. [PMID: 30738074 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The development of fluorescent ligands for the estrogen receptor (ER) continues to be of interest. Over the past 20 years, most efforts have focused on appending an expanding variety of fluorophores to the B-, C- and D-rings of the steroidal scaffold. This review highlights the synthesis and evaluation of derivatives substituted primarily at the 6-, 7α- and 17α-positions, culminating with our recent work on 11β-substituted estradiols, and proposes an approach to new fluorescent imaging agents that retain high ER affinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisal Gajadeera
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston MA02115-5000, United States
| | - Robert N Hanson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston MA02115-5000, United States.
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6
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Kwon YD, Son J, Chun JH. Chemoselective Radiosyntheses of Electron-Rich [18F]Fluoroarenes from Aryl(2,4,6-trimethoxyphenyl)iodonium Tosylates. J Org Chem 2019; 84:3678-3686. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Young-Do Kwon
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongmin Son
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Joong-Hyun Chun
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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7
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8
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Pike VW. Hypervalent aryliodine compounds as precursors for radiofluorination. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2018; 61:196-227. [PMID: 28981159 PMCID: PMC10081107 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Over the last 2 decades or so, hypervalent iodine compounds, such as diaryliodonium salts and aryliodonium ylides, have emerged as useful precursors for labeling homoarenes and heteroarenes with no-carrier-added cyclotron-produced [18 F]fluoride ion (t1/2 = 109.8 min). They permit rapid and effective radiofluorination at electron-rich as well as electron-deficient aryl rings, and often with unrestricted choice of ring position. Consequently, hypervalent aryliodine compounds have found special utility as precursors to various small-molecule 18 F-labeling synthons and to many radiotracers for biomedical imaging with positron emission tomography. This review summarizes this advance in radiofluorination chemistry, with emphasis on precursor synthesis, radiofluorination mechanism, method scope, and method application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor W Pike
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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9
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Chaturvedi S, Mishra AK. Small Molecule Radiopharmaceuticals - A Review of Current Approaches. Front Med (Lausanne) 2016; 3:5. [PMID: 26942181 PMCID: PMC4763069 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2016.00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiopharmaceuticals are an integral component of nuclear medicine and are widely applied in diagnostics and therapy. Though widely applied, the development of an “ideal” radiopharmaceutical can be challenging. Issues such as specificity, selectivity, sensitivity, and feasible chemistry challenge the design and synthesis of radiopharmaceuticals. Over time, strategies to address the issues have evolved by making use of new technological advances in the fields of biology and chemistry. This review presents the application of few advances in design and synthesis of radiopharmaceuticals. The topics covered are bivalent ligand approach and lipidization as part of design modifications for enhanced selectivity and sensitivity and novel synthetic strategies for optimized chemistry and radiolabeling of radiopharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhra Chaturvedi
- Division of Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organisation , Delhi , India
| | - Anil K Mishra
- Division of Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organisation , Delhi , India
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10
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Preshlock S, Tredwell M, Gouverneur V. (18)F-Labeling of Arenes and Heteroarenes for Applications in Positron Emission Tomography. Chem Rev 2016; 116:719-66. [PMID: 26751274 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 477] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Diverse radiochemistry is an essential component of nuclear medicine; this includes imaging techniques such as positron emission tomography (PET). As such, PET can track diseases at an early stage of development, help patient care planning through personalized medicine and support drug discovery programs. Fluorine-18 is the most frequently used radioisotope in PET radiopharmaceuticals for both clinical and preclinical research. Its physical and nuclear characteristics (97% β(+) decay, 109.8 min half-life, 635 keV positron energy) and high specific activity make it an attractive nuclide for labeling and molecular imaging. Arenes and heteroarenes are privileged candidates for (18)F-incorporation as they are metabolically robust and therefore widely used by medicinal chemists and radiochemists alike. For many years, the range of (hetero)arenes amenable to (18)F-fluorination was limited by the lack of chemically diverse precursors, and of radiochemical methods allowing (18)F-incorporation in high selectivity and efficiency (radiochemical yield and purity, specific activity, and radio-scalability). The appearance of late-stage fluorination reactions catalyzed by transition metal or small organic molecules (organocatalysis) has encouraged much research on the use of these activation manifolds for (18)F-fluorination. In this piece, we review all of the reactions known to date to install the (18)F substituent and other key (18)F-motifs (e.g., CF3, CHF2, OCF3, SCF3, OCHF2) of medicinal relevance onto (hetero)arenes. The field has changed significantly in the past five years, and the current trend suggests that the radiochemical space available for PET applications will expand rapidly in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Preshlock
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford , Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Tredwell
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford , Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Véronique Gouverneur
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford , Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
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11
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Ochoa ME, Aguilar-Granda A, Ramirez-Montes PI, Barba V, López Y, Santillan R, Farfán N. Designed synthesis of “L” shaped 17-halo-aryl-ethynyl steroids. CrystEngComm 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ce01056c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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12
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Krapf P, Richarz R, Urusova EA, Neumaier B, Zlatopolskiy BD. Seyferth-Gilbert Homologation as a Route to18F-Labeled Building Blocks: Preparation of Radiofluorinated Phenylacetylenes and Their Application in PET Chemistry. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201501377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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13
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Czajkowska-Szczykowska D, Morzycki JW, Wojtkielewicz A. Pd-catalyzed steroid reactions. Steroids 2015; 97:13-44. [PMID: 25173819 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2014.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2014] [Revised: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
We review the most important achievements of the last decade in the field of steroid synthesis in the presence of palladium catalysts. Various palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions, including Heck, Suzuki, Stille, Sonogashira, Negishi and others, are exemplified with steroid transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jacek W Morzycki
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Białystok, Hurtowa 1, 15-399 Białystok, Poland.
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14
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Way JD, Bergman C, Wuest F. Sonogashira cross-coupling reaction with 4-[18F]fluoroiodobenzene for rapid 18F-labelling of peptides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:3838-41. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc00182j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The study describes the Sonogashira cross-coupling reaction with 4-[18F]fluoroiodobenzene ([18F]FIB) as novel and efficient method for rapid labelling of peptides with the short-lived positron emitter fluorine-18.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenilee D. Way
- Department of Oncology
- University of Alberta
- Edmonton
- Canada
| | - Cody Bergman
- Department of Oncology
- University of Alberta
- Edmonton
- Canada
| | - Frank Wuest
- Department of Oncology
- University of Alberta
- Edmonton
- Canada
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15
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Synthesis and evaluation of 2-amino-5-(4-[18F]fluorophenyl)pent-4-ynoic acid ([18F]FPhPA): A novel 18F-labeled amino acid for oncologic PET imaging. Nucl Med Biol 2014; 41:660-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2014.05.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Revised: 05/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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16
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Ermert J. 18F-labelled intermediates for radiosynthesis by modular build-up reactions: newer developments. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:812973. [PMID: 25343144 PMCID: PMC4197889 DOI: 10.1155/2014/812973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This brief review gives an overview of newer developments in (18)F-chemistry with the focus on small (18)F-labelled molecules as intermediates for modular build-up syntheses. The short half-life (<2 h) of the radionuclide requires efficient syntheses of these intermediates considering that multistep syntheses are often time consuming and characterized by a loss of yield in each reaction step. Recent examples of improved synthesis of (18)F-labelled intermediates show new possibilities for no-carrier-added ring-fluorinated arenes, novel intermediates for tri[(18)F]fluoromethylation reactions, and (18)F-fluorovinylation methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Ermert
- Institut für Neurowissenschaften und Medizin, INM-5: Nuklearchemie, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
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17
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Matesic L, Wyatt NA, Fraser BH, Roberts MP, Pham TQ, Greguric I. Ascertaining the suitability of aryl sulfonyl fluorides for [18F]radiochemistry applications: a systematic investigation using microfluidics. J Org Chem 2013; 78:11262-70. [PMID: 24134549 DOI: 10.1021/jo401759z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Optimization of [(18)F]radiolabeling conditions and subsequent stability analysis in mobile phase, PBS buffer, and rat serum of 12 aryl sulfonyl chloride precursors with various substituents (electron-withdrawing groups, electron-donating groups, increased steric bulk, heterocyclic) were performed using an Advion NanoTek Microfluidic Synthesis System. A comparison of radiochemical yields and reaction times for a microfluidics device versus a conventional reaction vessel is reported. [(18)F]Radiolabeling of sulfonyl chlorides in the presence of competing nucleophiles, H-bond donors, and water was also assessed and demonstrated the versatility and potential utility of [(18)F]sulfonyl fluorides as synthons for indirect radiolabeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Matesic
- LifeSciences Division, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO) , Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, NSW 2232, Australia
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18
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Chun JH, Pike VW. Single-step syntheses of no-carrier-added functionalized [18F]fluoroarenes as labeling synthons from diaryliodonium salts. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:6300-6. [PMID: 23942997 PMCID: PMC4184149 DOI: 10.1039/c3ob41353e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Radiotracers labelled with short-lived fluorine-18 (t(1/2) = 109.7 min) are keenly sought for biomedical imaging with positron emission tomography (PET). The radiotracers are mostly required at high specific radioactivities, necessitating their radiosyntheses from cyclotron-produced no-carrier-added [(18)F]fluoride ion. PET radiotracers encompass wide structural diversity and molecular weight. Hence, diverse (18)F-labeling methodology is needed to accomplish the required radiosyntheses in a simple and rapid manner. A useful strategy is to introduce nucleophilic [(18)F]fluoride ion first into a labeling synthon that may then be applied to label the target radiotracer. Here, we show that various functionalized [(18)F]fluoroarenes may be rapidly synthesized as labeling synthons through single-step reactions of appropriate diaryliodonium salts with [(18)F]fluoride ion. Decay-corrected radiochemical yields (RCYs) varied with position of functional group, choice of electron-rich aryl ring in the diaryliodonium salt, and choice of anion. Under best conditions, (18)F-labeled fluorobenzaldehydes, fluorobenzyl halides, fluorobenzoic acid esters and fluorophenyl ketones were obtained selectively in 40-73%, 20-55%, 46-89% and 81-98% RCYs, respectively. This versatile straightforward methodology will enhance the scope for producing structurally complex, yet useful, PET radiotracers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Victor W. Pike
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Room B3 C346A, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-1003, USA., Fax: +1 301 480 5112; Tel: +1 301 594 5986
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19
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Gao Z, Gouverneur V, Davis BG. Enhanced aqueous Suzuki-Miyaura coupling allows site-specific polypeptide 18F-labeling. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:13612-5. [PMID: 23991754 PMCID: PMC3810860 DOI: 10.1021/ja4049114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The excesses of reagents used in
protein chemistry are often incompatible
with the reduced or even inverse stoichiometries used for efficient
radiolabeling. Analysis and screening of aqueous Pd(0) ligand systems
has revealed the importance of a guanidine core and the discovery
of 1,1-dimethylguanidine as an enhanced ligand for aqueous Suzuki–Miyaura
cross-coupling. This novel Pd catalyst system has now allowed the
labeling of small molecules, peptides, and proteins with the fluorine-18
prosthetic [18F]4-fluorophenylboronic acid. These findings
now enable site-specific protein 18F-labeling under biologically
compatible conditions using a metal-triggered reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanghua Gao
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford , Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
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20
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Neto C, Oliveira MC, Gano L, Marques F, Yasuda T, Thiemann T, Kniess T, Santos I. Novel 7α-alkoxy-17α-(4'-halophenylethynyl)estradiols as potential SPECT/PET imaging agents for estrogen receptor expressing tumours: synthesis and binding affinity evaluation. Steroids 2012; 77:1123-32. [PMID: 22633985 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2012.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2012] [Revised: 05/07/2012] [Accepted: 05/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In order to develop potential radiolabelled probes for imaging estrogen receptor (ER) positive tumours, we have synthesized and characterized a series of novel 7α-alkoxy-17α-(4'-iodophenylethynyl)estra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3,17β-diols and 7α-alkoxy-17α-(4'-fluorophenylethynyl)estra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3,17β-diols. The fluoro-substituted compounds showed a higher ER binding affinity than the corresponding iodo-derivatives, where 7α-methoxy- and 17α-(4'-fluorophenylethynyl)estra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3,17β-diol showed the highest ER binding affinities (RBA=80.9% and 78.9%, respectively), among the halophenylethynyl compounds studied and should be further explored as potential PET biomarkers for imaging of ER expressing tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Neto
- Unidade de Ciências Químicas e Radiofarmacêuticas, Instituto Tecnológico e Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10, 2686-953 Sacavém, Portugal
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21
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22
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Novel estradiol based metal complexes of Tc-99m. J Inorg Biochem 2012; 111:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2012.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2011] [Revised: 03/05/2012] [Accepted: 03/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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23
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Basuli F, Wu H, Griffiths GL. Syntheses of meta-[F]Fluorobenzaldehyde and meta-[F]Fluorobenzylbromide from Phenyl(3-Formylphenyl) Iodonium Salt Precursors. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2011; 54:224-228. [PMID: 21532942 PMCID: PMC3083861 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.1853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
(18)F-labeled fluorobenzaldehydes and fluorobenzylbromides are useful synthons for the preparation of PET radiopharmaceuticals. Whereas ortho- and para-[(18)F]fluorobenzaldehydes can easily be prepared with high yields, the corresponding meta- derivatives are more problematic. In order to improve the yield of meta-[(18)F]fluorobenzaldehyde we used the corresponding diaryliodonium salt precursors, since diaryliodonium salts had already been used as precursors in preparations of (18)F-labeled electron rich, as well as electron deficient, aromatic rings. Diaryliodonium salts with different counter ions [PhIPhCHO]X (X = Cl, Br, OTs, OTf) were synthesized. (18)F radiolabeling was performed using different bases at different temperatures in the presence of a radical scavenger, 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyl (TEMPO). The best conversion (~80%) to meta-[(18)F] fluorobenzaldehyde was obtained using CsHCO(3) base at a reaction temperature of 110 °C. To study iodonium salt counter ion effects on radiofluorination, each precursor was separately treated with CsF[(18)F]/CsHCO(3) in DMF at 110 °C for 5 min in the presence of TEMPO. Our observed reactivity order was OTs
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Affiliation(s)
- Falguni Basuli
- Imaging Probe Development Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850
| | - Haitao Wu
- Imaging Probe Development Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850
| | - Gary L. Griffiths
- Imaging Probe Development Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850
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24
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Pretze M, Große-Gehling P, Mamat C. Cross-coupling reactions as valuable tool for the preparation of PET radiotracers. Molecules 2011; 16:1129-65. [PMID: 21270732 PMCID: PMC6259626 DOI: 10.3390/molecules16021129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2010] [Revised: 01/17/2011] [Accepted: 01/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing application of positron emission tomography (PET) in nuclear medicine has stimulated the extensive development of a multitude of new radiotracers and novel radiolabeling procedures with the most prominent short-lived positron emitters carbon-11 and fluorine-18. Radiolabeling with these radionuclides represents a remarkable challenge. Special attention has to be paid to synthesis time and specific labeling techniques due to the short physical half life of the respective radionuclides 11C (t1/2 = 20.4 min) and 18F (t1/2 = 109.8 min). In the past, numerous transition metal-catalyzed reactions were employed in organic chemistry, even though only a handful of these coupling reactions were adopted in radiochemical practice. Thus, the implementation of modern synthesis methods like cross-coupling reactions offers the possibility to develop a wide variety of novel radiotracers. The introduction of catalysts based on transition metal complexes bears a high potential for rapid, efficient, highly selective and functional group-tolerating incorporation of carbon-11 and fluorine-18 into target molecules. This review deals with design, application and improvement of transition metal-mediated carbon-carbon as well as carbon-heteroatom cross-coupling reactions as a labeling feature with the focus on the preparation of radiolabeled compounds for molecular imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Pretze
- Institut für Radiopharmazie, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, D-01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Philipp Große-Gehling
- OncoRay – National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, Fetscherstraße 74, P.O. Box 41, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Constantin Mamat
- Institut für Radiopharmazie, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, D-01328 Dresden, Germany
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; ; Tel.: +49-351-260 2805; Fax: +49-351-260 3232
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Kim HY, Sohn J, Wijewickrama GT, Edirisinghe P, Gherezghiher T, Hemachandra M, Lu PY, Chandrasena RE, Molloy ME, Tonetti DA, Thatcher GRJ. Click synthesis of estradiol-cyclodextrin conjugates as cell compartment selective estrogens. Bioorg Med Chem 2009; 18:809-21. [PMID: 20031420 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2009.11.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2009] [Revised: 11/16/2009] [Accepted: 11/21/2009] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Cyclodextrin (CD) is a well known drug carrier and excipient for enhancing aqueous solubility. CDs themselves are anticipated to have low membrane permeability because of relatively high hydrophilicity and molecular weight. CD derivatization with 17-beta estradiol (E(2)) was explored extensively using a number of different click chemistries and the cell membrane permeability of synthetic CD-E(2) conjugate was explored by cell reporter assays and confocal fluorescence microscopy. In simile with reported dendrimer-E(2) conjugates, CD-E(2) was found to be a stable, extranuclear receptor selective estrogen that penetrated into the cytoplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Yeong Kim
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
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26
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Miller P, Long N, Vilar R, Gee A. Synthese von11C-,18F-,15O- und13N-Radiotracern für die Positronenemissionstomographie. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200800222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Miller P, Long N, Vilar R, Gee A. Synthesis of11C,18F,15O, and13N Radiolabels for Positron Emission Tomography. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 47:8998-9033. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200800222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 726] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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28
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisheng Cai
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Rm. B3 C346, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892‐1003, USA, Fax: +1‐301‐480‐5112
| | - Shuiyu Lu
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Rm. B3 C346, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892‐1003, USA, Fax: +1‐301‐480‐5112
| | - Victor W. Pike
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Rm. B3 C346, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892‐1003, USA, Fax: +1‐301‐480‐5112
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Hiller A, Fischer C, Jordanova A, Patt J, Steinbach J. Investigations to the synthesis of n.c.a. [18F]FClO3 as electrophilic fluorinating agent. Appl Radiat Isot 2008; 66:152-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2007.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2007] [Revised: 08/06/2007] [Accepted: 08/26/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Ermert J, Ludwig T, Gail R, Coenen HH. [18F]Fluorophenyl organometallics as intermediates of no-carrier-added 18F-fluoroarylation reactions. J Organomet Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2007.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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32
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Radical scavengers: A practical solution to the reproducibility issue in the fluoridation of diaryliodonium salts. J Fluor Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2006.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Wuest F. Fluorine-18 labeling of small molecules: the use of 18F-labeled aryl fluorides derived from no-carrier-added [18F]fluoride as labeling precursors. ERNST SCHERING RESEARCH FOUNDATION WORKSHOP 2007:51-78. [PMID: 17172152 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-49527-7_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The favourable long-half life, the ease of production and the low energy of the emitted positron make 18F an ideal radionuclide for PET imaging. Radiochemistry of 18F basically relies on two distinctive types of reactions: nucleophilic and electrophilic reactions. All syntheses of 18F-labeled radiotracers are based on either [18F]fluoride ion or [18F]fluorine gas as simple primary labeling precursors which are obtained directly from the cyclotron. They can be applied either directly to the radiosynthesis or they can be transformed into more complex labeling precursors enabling the multi-step build-up of organic tracer molecules. The topic of this review is a survey on the application of several 18F-labeled aryl fluorides as building blocks derived from no-carrier-added (n.c.a.) [18F] fluoride to build up small monomeric PET radiotracers at high specific radioactivity by multi-step synthesis procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Wuest
- PET Tracer Department, Institute of Bioinorganic and Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, Research Centre Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany.
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34
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Carroll MA, Jones C, Tang SL. Fluoridation of 2-thienyliodonium salts. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.1189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Carroll MA, Nairne J, Woodcraft JL. Diaryliodonium salts: a solution to 3-[18F]fluoropyridine. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.1190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Coenen HH. Fluorine-18 labeling methods: Features and possibilities of basic reactions. ERNST SCHERING RESEARCH FOUNDATION WORKSHOP 2007:15-50. [PMID: 17172151 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-49527-7_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Many experimental and established tracers make fluorine- 18 the most widely used radionuclide in positron emission tomography with an increasing demand for new or simpler 18F-labeling procedures. After a brief summary of the advantages of the nuclide and its major production routes, the basic features of the principal radiofluorination methods are described. These comprise direct electrophilic and nucleophilic processes, or in case of more complex molecules, the labeling of synthons and prosthetic groups for indirect built-up syntheses. While addressing the progress of no-carrier-added 18F-labeling procedures, the following chapters on more specific topics in this book are introduced. Emphasis is given to radiofluorination of arenes--especially with iodonium leaving groups. Examples of radiopharmaceutical syntheses are mentioned in order to illustrate strategic concepts of labeling with fluorine-18.
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Affiliation(s)
- H H Coenen
- Institut für Nuklearchemie, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Germany.
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Steiniger B, Wuest FR. Synthesis of18F-labelled biphenyls via SUZUKI cross-coupling with 4-[18F]fluoroiodobenzene. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.1099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Wüst FR, Höhne A, Metz P. Synthesis of 18F-labelled cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors via Stille reaction with 4-[18F]fluoroiodobenzene as radiotracers for positron emission tomography (PET). Org Biomol Chem 2004; 3:503-7. [PMID: 15678189 DOI: 10.1039/b412871k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The Stille reaction with 4-[(18)F]fluoroiodobenzene as a novel approach for the synthesis of radiotracers for monitoring COX-2 expression by means of PET has been developed. Optimized reaction conditions were elaborated by screening of various catalyst systems and solvents. By using optimized reaction conditions (18)F-labelled COX-2 inhibitors [(18)F]-5 and [(18)F]-13 could be obtained in radiochemical yields of up to 94% and 68%, respectively, based upon 4-[(18)F]fluoroiodobenzene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank R Wüst
- Institute of Bioinorganic and Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, FZ-Rossendorf, PF 51 01 19, D-01314 Dresden, Germany.
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Wüst FR, Kniess T. N-Arylation of indoles with 4-[18F]fluoroiodobenzene: synthesis of18F-labelled σ2receptor ligands for positron emission tomography (PET). J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Snieckus V, Geach NJ, Randall GP, Winfield CJ, Studer A, Spivey AC, Jones T, Noban C, Ellames GJ, Kohler A, Wadsworth H, Rieke-Zapp J, Stone-Elander S, Goehl J, Perry B, Windels J, Marx MH, Krüger J, Manmontri B, Fels G, Wüst F, Kniess T, Bergmann R, Mäding P, Füchtner F, Hilger CS, Halks-Miller M, Horuk R, Matei L, Postolache C, Fugaru V, Condac E, Dinischiotu A, Costache M, Matei L, Postolache C, Fugaru V, Atzrodt J, Derdau V. 12th Workshop of the Central European Division e.V. of the International Isotope Society. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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