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Cirino LA, Moore PJ, Miller CW. High-quality host plant diets partially rescue female fecundity from a poor early start. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2022; 9:211748. [PMID: 35223064 PMCID: PMC8864338 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.211748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Nutrition is a dynamic environmental factor and compensatory growth may help animals handle seasonal fluctuations in their diets. Yet, how the dynamic changes in nutrition affect female reproduction is understudied. We took advantage of a specialist insect herbivore, Narnia femorata Stål (Hemiptera: Coreidae), that feeds and reproduces on cactus across three seasons. We first examined how cactus quality can affect female reproductive success. Then, we investigated the extent to which reproductive success can be improved by a switch in diet quality at adulthood. We placed N. femorata juveniles onto prickly pear cactus pads with early-season (low-quality) or late-season (high-quality) fruit and tracked survivorship and development time. A subset of the females raised on low-quality diets were provided with an improved adult diet to simulate a seasonal change in diet. Adult female survival and egg production were tracked over time. All fitness-related traits were lower for females fed low-quality diets compared with females fed high-quality diets. However, when females had access to an improved adult diet, egg production was partially rescued. These findings show that a seasonal improvement in diet can enhance reproduction, but juvenile nutrition still has lasting effects that females cannot overcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A. Cirino
- Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, US
| | - Patricia J. Moore
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, US
| | - Christine W. Miller
- Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, US
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Mitteroecker P, Stansfield E. A model of developmental canalization, applied to human cranial form. PLoS Comput Biol 2021; 17:e1008381. [PMID: 33591964 PMCID: PMC7909690 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Developmental mechanisms that canalize or compensate perturbations of organismal development (targeted or compensatory growth) are widely considered a prerequisite of individual health and the evolution of complex life, but little is known about the nature of these mechanisms. It is even unclear if and how a “target trajectory” of individual development is encoded in the organism’s genetic-developmental system or, instead, emerges as an epiphenomenon. Here we develop a statistical model of developmental canalization based on an extended autoregressive model. We show that under certain assumptions the strength of canalization and the amount of canalized variance in a population can be estimated, or at least approximated, from longitudinal phenotypic measurements, even if the target trajectories are unobserved. We extend this model to multivariate measures and discuss reifications of the ensuing parameter matrix. We apply these approaches to longitudinal geometric morphometric data on human postnatal craniofacial size and shape as well as to the size of the frontal sinuses. Craniofacial size showed strong developmental canalization during the first 5 years of life, leading to a 50% reduction of cross-sectional size variance, followed by a continual increase in variance during puberty. Frontal sinus size, by contrast, did not show any signs of canalization. Total variance of craniofacial shape decreased slightly until about 5 years of age and increased thereafter. However, different features of craniofacial shape showed very different developmental dynamics. Whereas the relative dimensions of the nasopharynx showed strong canalization and a reduction of variance throughout postnatal development, facial orientation continually increased in variance. Some of the signals of canalization may owe to independent variation in developmental timing of cranial components, but our results indicate evolved, partly mechanically induced mechanisms of canalization that ensure properly sized upper airways and facial dimensions. Developmental mechanisms that canalize or compensate perturbations of organismal development are a prerequisite of individual health and the evolution of complex life. However, surprisingly little is known about these mechanisms, partly because the “target trajectories” of individual development cannot be directly observed. Here we develop a statistical model of developmental canalization that allows one to estimate the strength of canalization and the amount of canalized variance in a population even if the target trajectories are unobserved. We applied these approaches to data on human postnatal craniofacial growth. Whereas overall craniofacial size was strongly canalized during the first 5 years of age, frontal sinus size did not show any signs of canalization. The relative dimensions of the nasopharynx showed strong canalization and a reduction of variance throughout postnatal development, whereas other shape features, such as facial orientation, continually increased in variance. Our results indicate evolved, partly mechanically induced mechanisms of canalization that ensure properly sized upper airways and facial dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Mitteroecker
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- * E-mail:
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McNulty MA, Goupil BA, Albarado DC, Castaño-Martinez T, Ambrosi TH, Puh S, Schulz TJ, Schürmann A, Morrison CD, Laeger T. FGF21, not GCN2, influences bone morphology due to dietary protein restrictions. Bone Rep 2019; 12:100241. [PMID: 31921941 PMCID: PMC6950640 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2019.100241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dietary protein restriction is emerging as an alternative approach to treat obesity and glucose intolerance because it markedly increases plasma fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) concentrations. Similarly, dietary restriction of methionine is known to mimic metabolic effects of energy and protein restriction with FGF21 as a required mechanism. However, dietary protein has been shown to be required for normal bone growth, though there is conflicting evidence as to the influence of dietary protein restriction on bone remodeling. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the effect of dietary protein and methionine restriction on bone in lean and obese mice, and clarify whether FGF21 and general control nonderepressible 2 (GCN2) kinase, that are part of a novel endocrine pathway implicated in the detection of protein restriction, influence the effect of dietary protein restriction on bone. Methods Adult wild-type (WT) or Fgf21 KO mice were fed a normal protein (18 kcal%; CON) or low protein (4 kcal%; LP) diet for 2 or 27 weeks. In addition, adult WT or Gcn2 KO mice were fed a CON or LP diet for 27 weeks. Young New Zealand obese (NZO) mice were placed on high-fat diets that provided protein at control (16 kcal%; CON), low levels (4 kcal%) in a high-carbohydrate (LP/HC) or high-fat (LP/HF) regimen, or on high-fat diets (protein, 16 kcal%) that provided methionine at control (0.86%; CON-MR) or low levels (0.17%; MR) for up to 9 weeks. Long bones from the hind limbs of these mice were collected and evaluated with micro-computed tomography (μCT) for changes in trabecular and cortical architecture and mass. Results In WT mice the 27-week LP diet significantly reduced cortical bone, and this effect was enhanced by deletion of Fgf21 but not Gcn2. This decrease in bone did not appear after 2 weeks on the LP diet. In addition, Fgf21 KO mice had significantly less bone than their WT counterparts. In obese NZO mice dietary protein and methionine restriction altered bone architecture. The changes were mediated by FGF21 due to methionine restriction in the presence of cystine, which did not increase plasma FGF21 levels and did not affect bone architecture. Conclusions This study provides direct evidence of a reduction in bone following long-term dietary protein restriction in a mouse model, effects that appear to be mediated by FGF21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret A. McNulty
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
- Corresponding author at: Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, & Physiology
| | - Brad A. Goupil
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | | | - Teresa Castaño-Martinez
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Thomas H. Ambrosi
- Department of Adipocyte Development and Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Germany
- Department of Surgery, Stanford Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Spela Puh
- Department of Adipocyte Development and Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Germany
| | - Tim J. Schulz
- German Center for Diabetes Research, München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Adipocyte Development and Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Germany
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Germany
| | - Annette Schürmann
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Laeger
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, München-Neuherberg, Germany
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Malta A, de Moura EG, Ribeiro TA, Tófolo LP, Abdennebi-Najar L, Vieau D, Barella LF, de Freitas Mathias PC, Lisboa PC, de Oliveira JC. Protein-energy malnutrition at mid-adulthood does not imprint long-term metabolic consequences in male rats. Eur J Nutr 2015; 55:1423-33. [PMID: 26133298 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-015-0960-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The long-term effects of the development of chronic metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes and obesity have been associated with nutritional insults in critical life stages. In this study, we evaluated the effect of a low-protein diet on metabolism in mid-adulthood male rats. METHODS At 90 days of age, Wistar male rats were fed a low-protein diet (4.0 %, LP group) for 30 days, whereas control rats were fed a normal-protein diet (20.5 %, NP group) throughout their lifetimes. To allow for dietary rehabilitation, from 120 to 180 days of age, the LP rats were fed a normal-protein diet. Then, we measured body composition, fat stores, glucose-insulin homeostasis and pancreatic islet function. RESULTS At 120 days of age, just after low-protein diet treatment, the LP rats displayed a strong lean phenotype, hypoinsulinemia, as assessed under fasting and glucose tolerance test conditions, as well as weak pancreatic islet insulinotropic response to glucose and acetylcholine (p < 0.01). At 180 days of age, after poor-protein diet rehabilitation, the LP rats displayed a slight lean phenotype (p < 0.05), which was associated with a high body weight gain (p < 0.001). Additionally, fat pad accumulation, glycemia and insulinemia, as well as the pancreatic islet insulinotropic response, were not significantly different between the LP and NP rats (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Taken together, the present data suggest that the effects of dietary restriction as a stressor in adulthood are reversible with dietary rehabilitation, indicating that adulthood is not a sensitive or critical time window for metabolic programming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananda Malta
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetic and Cell Biology, State University of Maringa/UEM, Block H67, Room 19, Colombo Avenue 5790, Maringá, PR, 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Egberto Gaspar de Moura
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Tatiane Aparecida Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetic and Cell Biology, State University of Maringa/UEM, Block H67, Room 19, Colombo Avenue 5790, Maringá, PR, 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Laize Peron Tófolo
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetic and Cell Biology, State University of Maringa/UEM, Block H67, Room 19, Colombo Avenue 5790, Maringá, PR, 87020-900, Brazil
| | | | - Didier Vieau
- Maternal Perinatal Undernutrition Team, Perinatal Environment and Growth Laboratory, Lille-North of France University, University of Sciences and Technologies of Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - Luiz Felipe Barella
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetic and Cell Biology, State University of Maringa/UEM, Block H67, Room 19, Colombo Avenue 5790, Maringá, PR, 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Paulo Cezar de Freitas Mathias
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetic and Cell Biology, State University of Maringa/UEM, Block H67, Room 19, Colombo Avenue 5790, Maringá, PR, 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Cristina Lisboa
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Júlio Cezar de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetic and Cell Biology, State University of Maringa/UEM, Block H67, Room 19, Colombo Avenue 5790, Maringá, PR, 87020-900, Brazil.
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
- Health Sciences Institute, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Sinop, MT, Brazil.
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Sartorato FAS, Mura CAM, Lucas SRR. Histometric evaluation of dental alveolar repair in malnourished rats in the intrauterine or postnatal phase. Arch Oral Biol 2014; 59:241-50. [PMID: 24581845 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2013.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Revised: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Nutritional aggravations during pregnancy or during the early stages of postnatal development can impair bone development; thus, we aimed to assess the effects of food restriction on the dental alveolar bone repair process using histometric analysis. DESIGN Thirty-six Wistar rats were divided into three groups: (C) 12 pups were obtained from control mothers with food intake at ease; (GR) 12 pups from mothers subjected to 70% food restriction during pregnancy; (PNR) 50% of maternal food restriction during lactation and 50% of restriction for the 12 pups after weaning. At three months of age, the upper right incisor was extracted from the pups. After 14 or 28 days, the pups were sacrificed for evaluation of newly formed bone area (NB) and total bone area (TA) in the medial and apical thirds of the alveolus. RESULTS In the apical third of the alveolus, the ratio of NB/TA was greater at 28 days for all groups and there was no damage to any of the groups. In the medial third, the ratio was higher at 28 days for the C and GR groups. The PNR group did not show an evolution of alveolar dental repair. Compared between the thirds, all groups exhibited a higher percentage of newly formed bone in the medial third area, at any time point after surgery. CONCLUSIONS The percentage of the total alveolar area covered by newly formed bone (NB/TA) revealed a late preference in the process of alveolar repair in the medial third, although only in the PNR group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio A S Sartorato
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Department of Morphology and Genetics, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Cláudia A M Mura
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Department of Morphology and Genetics, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Sandra R R Lucas
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Department of Morphology and Genetics, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Rouy E, Vico L, Laroche N, Benoit V, Rousseau B, Blachier F, Tomé D, Blais A. Protein quality affects bone status during moderate protein restriction in growing mice. Bone 2014; 59:7-13. [PMID: 24495359 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2013.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Revised: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Adequate protein intake during development is critical to ensure optimal bone gain and to attain a higher peak bone mass later on. We hypothesized that the quality of the dietary protein is of prime importance for bone physiology during moderate protein restriction. The target population was growing Balb/C mice. We compared two protein restricted diets (6% of total energy as protein), one based on soy (LP-SOY) and one based on casein (LP-CAS). For comparison, a normal protein soy-based control group (NP-SOY) and a low protein group receiving an anabolic daily parathyroid hormone (PTH) 1-34 injection (LP-SOY+PTH) were included in the protocol. After 8weeks, LP-SOY mice had reduced body weights related to a lower lean mass whereas LP-CAS mice were not different from the NP-SOY group. LP-SOY mice were characterized by lower femoral cortical thickness, bone volume, trabecular number and thickness and increased medullar adiposity when compared to both the LP-CAS and NP-SOY groups. However, the dietary intervention had no effect on the vertebral parameters. The negative effect of the LP-SOY diet was correlated to an impaired bone formation as shown by the reduced P1NP serum level as well as the reduced osteoid surfaces and bone formation rate in the femur. PTH injection in LP-SOY mice had no effect on total weight or lean mass, but improved all bone parameters at both femoral and vertebral sites, suggesting that amino acid deficiency was not the primary reason for degraded bone status in mice consuming soy protein. In conclusion, our study showed that under the same protein restriction (6% of energy), a soy diet leads to impaired bone health whereas a casein diet has little effect when compared to a normal protein control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilien Rouy
- UMR 914 INRA-AgroParisTech, Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior, 75005 Paris, France; Yoplait France, 92641 Boulogne-Billancourt, France.
| | - Laurence Vico
- INSERM U1059/LBTO, Université Jean Monnet, Université de Lyon, 42023 Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Norbert Laroche
- INSERM U1059/LBTO, Université Jean Monnet, Université de Lyon, 42023 Saint-Étienne, France
| | | | | | - François Blachier
- UMR 914 INRA-AgroParisTech, Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Daniel Tomé
- UMR 914 INRA-AgroParisTech, Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Anne Blais
- UMR 914 INRA-AgroParisTech, Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior, 75005 Paris, France
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Variation in Protein and Calorie Consumption Following Protein Malnutrition in Rattus norvegicus. Animals (Basel) 2013; 3:33-44. [PMID: 26487308 PMCID: PMC4495520 DOI: 10.3390/ani3010033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Revised: 01/19/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Catch-up growth following malnutrition is likely influenced by available protein and calories. We measured calorie and protein consumption following the removal of protein malnutrition after 40, 60 and 90 days, in laboratory rats. Following the transition in diet, animals self-selected fewer calories, implying elevated protein is sufficient to fuel catch-up growth, eventually resulting in body weights and bone lengths greater or equal to those of control animals. Rats rehabilitated at younger ages, had more drastic alterations in consumption. Variable responses in different ages and sex highlight the plasticity of growth and how nutrition affects body form. This work furthers our understanding of how humans and livestock can recover from protein-restriction malnutrition, which seems to employ different biological responses. Abstract Catch-up growth rates, following protein malnutrition, vary with timing and duration of insult, despite unlimited access to calories. Understanding changing patterns of post-insult consumption, relative rehabilitation timing, can provide insight into the mechanisms driving those differences. We hypothesize that higher catch-up growth rates will be correlated with increased protein consumption, while calorie consumption could remain stable. As catch-up growth rates decrease with age/malnutrition duration, we predict a dose effect in protein consumption with rehabilitation timing. We measured total and protein consumption, body mass, and long bone length, following an increase of dietary protein at 40, 60 and 90 days, with two control groups (chronic reduced protein or standard protein) for 150+ days. Immediately following rehabilitation, rats’ food consumption decreased significantly, implying that elevated protein intake is sufficient to fuel catch-up growth rates that eventually result in body weights and long bone lengths greater or equal to final measures of chronically fed standard (CT) animals. The duration of protein restriction affected consumption: rats rehabilitated at younger ages had more drastic alterations in consumption of both calories and protein. While rehabilitated animals did compensate with greater protein consumption, variable responses in different ages and sex highlight the plasticity of growth and how nutrition affects body form.
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