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Wittek L, Touma C, Nitezki T, Laeger T, Krämer S, Raila J. Reduction in Cold Stress in an Innovative Metabolic Cage Housing System Increases Animal Welfare in Laboratory Mice. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2866. [PMID: 37760266 PMCID: PMC10525209 DOI: 10.3390/ani13182866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Housing in metabolic cages can induce a pronounced stress response. Metabolic cage systems imply housing mice on metal wire mesh for the collection of urine and feces in addition to monitoring food and water intake. Moreover, mice are single-housed, and no nesting, bedding, or enrichment material is provided, which is often argued to have a not negligible impact on animal welfare due to cold stress. We therefore attempted to reduce stress during metabolic cage housing for mice by comparing an innovative metabolic cage (IMC) with a commercially available metabolic cage from Tecniplast GmbH (TMC) and a control cage. Substantial refinement measures were incorporated into the IMC cage design. In the frame of a multifactorial approach for severity assessment, parameters such as body weight, body composition, food intake, cage and body surface temperature (thermal imaging), mRNA expression of uncoupling protein 1 (Ucp1) in brown adipose tissue (BAT), fur score, and fecal corticosterone metabolites (CMs) were included. Female and male C57BL/6J mice were single-housed for 24 h in either conventional Macrolon cages (control), IMC, or TMC for two sessions. Body weight decreased less in the IMC (females-1st restraint: -6.94%; 2nd restraint: -6.89%; males-1st restraint: -8.08%; 2nd restraint: -5.82%) compared to the TMC (females-1st restraint: -13.2%; 2nd restraint: -15.0%; males-1st restraint: -13.1%; 2nd restraint: -14.9%) and the IMC possessed a higher cage temperature (females-1st restraint: 23.7 °C; 2nd restraint: 23.5 °C; males-1st restraint: 23.3 °C; 2nd restraint: 23.5 °C) compared with the TMC (females-1st restraint: 22.4 °C; 2nd restraint: 22.5 °C; males-1st restraint: 22.6 °C; 2nd restraint: 22.4 °C). The concentration of fecal corticosterone metabolites in the TMC (females-1st restraint: 1376 ng/g dry weight (DW); 2nd restraint: 2098 ng/g DW; males-1st restraint: 1030 ng/g DW; 2nd restraint: 1163 ng/g DW) was higher compared to control cage housing (females-1st restraint: 640 ng/g DW; 2nd restraint: 941 ng/g DW; males-1st restraint: 504 ng/g DW; 2nd restraint: 537 ng/g DW). Our results show the stress potential induced by metabolic cage restraint that is markedly influenced by the lower housing temperature. The IMC represents a first attempt to target cold stress reduction during metabolic cage application thereby producing more animal welfare friendlydata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Wittek
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology of Nutrition, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany (T.L.); (J.R.)
| | - Chadi Touma
- Department of Behavioural Biology, Osnabruck University, 49076 Osnabruck, Germany;
| | - Tina Nitezki
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology of Nutrition, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany (T.L.); (J.R.)
| | - Thomas Laeger
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology of Nutrition, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany (T.L.); (J.R.)
| | - Stephanie Krämer
- Interdisciplinary Center of 3Rs in Animal Research (ICAR3R), Clinic of Veterinary Medicine, Justus Liebig University of Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany;
| | - Jens Raila
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology of Nutrition, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany (T.L.); (J.R.)
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Herpich C, Haß U, Kochlik B, Franz K, Laeger T, Klaus S, Bosy-Westphal A, Norman K. Postprandial dynamics and response of fibroblast growth factor 21 in older adults. Clin Nutr 2021; 40:3765-3771. [PMID: 34130022 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) plays a pivotal role in glucose and lipid metabolism and has been proposed as a longevity hormone. However, elevated plasma FGF21 concentrations are paradoxically associated with mortality in higher age and little is known about the postprandial regulation of FGF21 in older adults. In this parallel group study, we investigated postprandial FGF21 dynamics and response in older (65-85 years) compared to younger (18-35 years) adults following test meals with varying macronutrient composition. METHODS Participants (n = 60 older; n = 60 younger) were randomized to one of four test meals: dextrose, high carbohydrate (HC), high fat (HF) or high protein (HP). Blood was drawn before and 15, 30, 60, 120, 240 min after meal ingestion. Postprandial dynamics were evaluated using repeated measures ANCOVA. FGF21 response was assessed by incremental area under the curve. RESULTS Fasting FGF21 concentrations were significantly higher in older adults. FGF21 dynamics were affected by test meal (p < 0.001) and age (p = 0.013), when adjusted for BMI and fasting FGF21. Postprandial FGF21 concentrations steadily declined over 240 min in both age groups after HF and HP, but not after dextrose or HC ingestion. At 240 min, FGF21 concentrations were significantly higher in older than in younger adults following dextrose (133 pg/mL, 95%CI: 103, 172 versus 91.2 pg/mL, 95%CI: 70.4, 118; p = 0.044), HC (109 pg/mL, 95%CI: 85.1, 141 versus 70.3 pg/mL, 95%CI: 55.2, 89.6; p = 0.014) and HP ingestion (45.4 pg/mL, 95%CI: 34.4, 59.9 versus 27.9 pg/mL 95%CI: 20.9, 37.1; p = 0.018). FGF21 dynamics and response to HF were similar for both age groups. CONCLUSIONS The age-specific differences in postprandial FGF21 dynamics and response in healthy adults, potentially explain higher FGF21 concentrations in older age. Furthermore, there appears to be a significant impact of acute and recent protein intake on FGF21 secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catrin Herpich
- German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Department of Nutrition and Gerontology, Nuthetal, Germany; University of Potsdam, Institute of Nutritional Science, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Ulrike Haß
- German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Department of Nutrition and Gerontology, Nuthetal, Germany; University of Potsdam, Institute of Nutritional Science, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Bastian Kochlik
- German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Department of Nutrition and Gerontology, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Kristina Franz
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Geriatrics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Laeger
- University of Potsdam, Institute of Nutritional Science, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology of Nutrition Potsdam, Germany
| | - Susanne Klaus
- University of Potsdam, Institute of Nutritional Science, Potsdam, Germany; German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Department of Physiology of Energy Metabolism, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Anja Bosy-Westphal
- Institut für Humanernährung und Lebensmittelkunde, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Kristina Norman
- German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Department of Nutrition and Gerontology, Nuthetal, Germany; University of Potsdam, Institute of Nutritional Science, Potsdam, Germany; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Geriatrics, Berlin, Germany.
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Wilhelmi I, Grunwald S, Gimber N, Popp O, Dittmar G, Arumughan A, Wanker EE, Laeger T, Schmoranzer J, Daumke O, Schürmann A. The ARFRP1-dependent Golgi scaffolding protein GOPC is required for insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells. Mol Metab 2020; 45:101151. [PMID: 33359402 PMCID: PMC7811047 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.101151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Hormone secretion from metabolically active tissues, such as pancreatic islets, is governed by specific and highly regulated signaling pathways. Defects in insulin secretion are among the major causes of diabetes. The molecular mechanisms underlying regulated insulin secretion are, however, not yet completely understood. In this work, we studied the role of the GTPase ARFRP1 on insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells. Methods A β-cell-specific Arfrp1 knockout mouse was phenotypically characterized. Pulldown experiments and mass spectrometry analysis were employed to screen for new ARFRP1-interacting proteins. Co-immunoprecipitation assays as well as super-resolution microscopy were applied for validation. Results The GTPase ARFRP1 interacts with the Golgi-associated PDZ and coiled-coil motif-containing protein (GOPC). Both proteins are co-localized at the trans-Golgi network and regulate the first and second phase of insulin secretion by controlling the plasma membrane localization of the SNARE protein SNAP25. Downregulation of both GOPC and ARFRP1 in Min6 cells interferes with the plasma membrane localization of SNAP25 and enhances its degradation, thereby impairing glucose-stimulated insulin release from β-cells. In turn, overexpression of SNAP25 as well as GOPC restores insulin secretion in islets from β-cell-specific Arfrp1 knockout mice. Conclusion Our results identify a hitherto unrecognized pathway required for insulin secretion at the level of trans-Golgi sorting. β-cell specific deletion of the trans-Golgi residing small GTPase ARFRP1 leads to elevated blood glucose levels in mice. GOPC is a newly identified ARFRP1 dependent scaffolding protein. ARFRP1 and GOPC are required for glucose-stimulated insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilka Wilhelmi
- German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE) Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Munich Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Stephan Grunwald
- Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association Berlin, Germany; Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany
| | - Niclas Gimber
- Advanced Medical Bioimaging Core Facility - AMBIO, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Oliver Popp
- Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association Berlin, Germany
| | - Gunnar Dittmar
- Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association Berlin, Germany
| | - Anup Arumughan
- Neuroproteomics, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) Berlin, Germany
| | - Erich E Wanker
- Neuroproteomics, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Laeger
- German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE) Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Munich Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jan Schmoranzer
- Advanced Medical Bioimaging Core Facility - AMBIO, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Oliver Daumke
- Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association Berlin, Germany; Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany
| | - Annette Schürmann
- German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE) Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Munich Neuherberg, Germany; University of Potsdam, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Nuthetal, Germany; Faculty of Health Sciences, Joint Faculty of the Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus - Senftenberg, the Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane and the University of Potsdam, Germany.
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Hill CM, Laeger T, Dehner M, Albarado DC, Clarke B, Wanders D, Burke SJ, Collier JJ, Qualls-Creekmore E, Solon-Biet SM, Simpson SJ, Berthoud HR, Münzberg H, Morrison CD. FGF21 Signals Protein Status to the Brain and Adaptively Regulates Food Choice and Metabolism. Cell Rep 2020; 27:2934-2947.e3. [PMID: 31167139 PMCID: PMC6579533 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Reduced dietary protein intake induces adaptive physiological changes in macronutrient preference, energy expenditure, growth, and glucose homeostasis. We demonstrate that deletion of the FGF21 co-receptor βKlotho (Klb) from the brain produces mice that are unable to mount a physiological response to protein restriction, an effect that is replicated by whole-body deletion of FGF21. Mice forced to consume a low-protein diet exhibit reduced growth, increased energy expenditure, and a resistance to diet-induced obesity, but the loss of FGF21 signaling in the brain completely abrogates that response. When given access to a higher protein alternative, protein-restricted mice exhibit a shift toward protein-containing foods, and central FGF21 signaling is essential for that response. FGF21 is an endocrine signal linking the liver and brain, which regulates adaptive, homeostatic changes in metabolism and feeding behavior during protein restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristal M Hill
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - Thomas Laeger
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - Madeleine Dehner
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - Diana C Albarado
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - Blaise Clarke
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | | | - Susan J Burke
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - J Jason Collier
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | | | - Samantha M Solon-Biet
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Stephen J Simpson
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | | | - Heike Münzberg
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
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McNulty MA, Goupil BA, Albarado DC, Castaño-Martinez T, Ambrosi TH, Puh S, Schulz TJ, Schürmann A, Morrison CD, Laeger T. FGF21, not GCN2, influences bone morphology due to dietary protein restrictions. Bone Rep 2019; 12:100241. [PMID: 31921941 PMCID: PMC6950640 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2019.100241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dietary protein restriction is emerging as an alternative approach to treat obesity and glucose intolerance because it markedly increases plasma fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) concentrations. Similarly, dietary restriction of methionine is known to mimic metabolic effects of energy and protein restriction with FGF21 as a required mechanism. However, dietary protein has been shown to be required for normal bone growth, though there is conflicting evidence as to the influence of dietary protein restriction on bone remodeling. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the effect of dietary protein and methionine restriction on bone in lean and obese mice, and clarify whether FGF21 and general control nonderepressible 2 (GCN2) kinase, that are part of a novel endocrine pathway implicated in the detection of protein restriction, influence the effect of dietary protein restriction on bone. Methods Adult wild-type (WT) or Fgf21 KO mice were fed a normal protein (18 kcal%; CON) or low protein (4 kcal%; LP) diet for 2 or 27 weeks. In addition, adult WT or Gcn2 KO mice were fed a CON or LP diet for 27 weeks. Young New Zealand obese (NZO) mice were placed on high-fat diets that provided protein at control (16 kcal%; CON), low levels (4 kcal%) in a high-carbohydrate (LP/HC) or high-fat (LP/HF) regimen, or on high-fat diets (protein, 16 kcal%) that provided methionine at control (0.86%; CON-MR) or low levels (0.17%; MR) for up to 9 weeks. Long bones from the hind limbs of these mice were collected and evaluated with micro-computed tomography (μCT) for changes in trabecular and cortical architecture and mass. Results In WT mice the 27-week LP diet significantly reduced cortical bone, and this effect was enhanced by deletion of Fgf21 but not Gcn2. This decrease in bone did not appear after 2 weeks on the LP diet. In addition, Fgf21 KO mice had significantly less bone than their WT counterparts. In obese NZO mice dietary protein and methionine restriction altered bone architecture. The changes were mediated by FGF21 due to methionine restriction in the presence of cystine, which did not increase plasma FGF21 levels and did not affect bone architecture. Conclusions This study provides direct evidence of a reduction in bone following long-term dietary protein restriction in a mouse model, effects that appear to be mediated by FGF21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret A. McNulty
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
- Corresponding author at: Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, & Physiology
| | - Brad A. Goupil
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | | | - Teresa Castaño-Martinez
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Thomas H. Ambrosi
- Department of Adipocyte Development and Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Germany
- Department of Surgery, Stanford Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Spela Puh
- Department of Adipocyte Development and Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Germany
| | - Tim J. Schulz
- German Center for Diabetes Research, München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Adipocyte Development and Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Germany
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Germany
| | - Annette Schürmann
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Laeger
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, München-Neuherberg, Germany
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Castaño-Martinez T, Schumacher F, Schumacher S, Kochlik B, Weber D, Grune T, Biemann R, McCann A, Abraham K, Weikert C, Kleuser B, Schürmann A, Laeger T. Methionine restriction prevents onset of type 2 diabetes in NZO mice. FASEB J 2019; 33:7092-7102. [PMID: 30841758 PMCID: PMC6529347 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201900150r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Dietary methionine restriction (MR) is well known to reduce body weight by increasing energy expenditure (EE) and insulin sensitivity. An elevated concentration of circulating fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) has been implicated as a potential underlying mechanism. The aims of our study were to test whether dietary MR in the context of a high-fat regimen protects against type 2 diabetes in mice and to investigate whether vegan and vegetarian diets, which have naturally low methionine levels, modulate circulating FGF21 in humans. New Zealand obese (NZO) mice, a model for polygenic obesity and type 2 diabetes, were placed on isocaloric high-fat diets (protein, 16 kcal%; carbohydrate, 52 kcal%; fat, 32 kcal%) that provided methionine at control (Con; 0.86% methionine) or low levels (0.17%) for 9 wk. Markers of glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity were analyzed. Among humans, low methionine intake and circulating FGF21 levels were investigated by comparing a vegan and a vegetarian diet to an omnivore diet and evaluating the effect of a short-term vegetarian diet on FGF21 induction. In comparison with the Con group, MR led to elevated plasma FGF21 levels and prevented the onset of hyperglycemia in NZO mice. MR-fed mice exhibited increased insulin sensitivity, higher plasma adiponectin levels, increased EE, and up-regulated expression of thermogenic genes in subcutaneous white adipose tissue. Food intake and fat mass did not change. Plasma FGF21 levels were markedly higher in vegan humans compared with omnivores, and circulating FGF21 levels increased significantly in omnivores after 4 d on a vegetarian diet. These data suggest that MR induces FGF21 and protects NZO mice from high-fat diet–induced glucose intolerance and type 2 diabetes. The normoglycemic phenotype in vegans and vegetarians may be caused by induced FGF21. MR akin to vegan and vegetarian diets in humans may offer metabolic benefits via increased circulating levels of FGF21 and merits further investigation.—Castaño-Martinez, T., Schumacher, F., Schumacher, S., Kochlik, B., Weber, D., Grune, T., Biemann, R., McCann, A., Abraham, K., Weikert, C., Kleuser, B., Schürmann, A., Laeger, T. Methionine restriction prevents onset of type 2 diabetes in NZO mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Castaño-Martinez
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research, Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Fabian Schumacher
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,Department of Toxicology, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Silke Schumacher
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Bastian Kochlik
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany.,NutriAct-Competence Cluster Nutrition Research Berlin-Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Daniela Weber
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany.,NutriAct-Competence Cluster Nutrition Research Berlin-Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Tilman Grune
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany.,NutriAct-Competence Cluster Nutrition Research Berlin-Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Ronald Biemann
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | | | - Klaus Abraham
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany; and
| | - Cornelia Weikert
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany; and
| | - Burkhard Kleuser
- Department of Toxicology, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany.,NutriAct-Competence Cluster Nutrition Research Berlin-Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Annette Schürmann
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research, Munich-Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Thomas Laeger
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research, Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
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Saussenthaler S, Ouni M, Baumeier C, Schwerbel K, Gottmann P, Christmann S, Laeger T, Schürmann A. Epigenetic regulation of hepatic Dpp4 expression in response to dietary protein. J Nutr Biochem 2019; 63:109-116. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Arnan X, Andersen AN, Gibb H, Parr CL, Sanders NJ, Dunn RR, Angulo E, Baccaro FB, Bishop TR, Boulay R, Castracani C, Cerdá X, Toro ID, Delsinne T, Donoso DA, Elten EK, Fayle TM, Fitzpatrick MC, Gómez C, Grasso DA, Grossman BF, Guénard B, Gunawardene N, Heterick B, Hoffmann BD, Janda M, Jenkins CN, Klimes P, Lach L, Laeger T, Leponce M, Lucky A, Majer J, Menke S, Mezger D, Mori A, Moses J, Munyai TC, Paknia O, Pfeiffer M, Philpott SM, Souza JLP, Tista M, Vasconcelos HL, Retana J. Dominance-diversity relationships in ant communities differ with invasion. Glob Chang Biol 2018; 24:4614-4625. [PMID: 29851235 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between levels of dominance and species richness is highly contentious, especially in ant communities. The dominance-impoverishment rule states that high levels of dominance only occur in species-poor communities, but there appear to be many cases of high levels of dominance in highly diverse communities. The extent to which dominant species limit local richness through competitive exclusion remains unclear, but such exclusion appears more apparent for non-native rather than native dominant species. Here we perform the first global analysis of the relationship between behavioral dominance and species richness. We used data from 1,293 local assemblages of ground-dwelling ants distributed across five continents to document the generality of the dominance-impoverishment rule, and to identify the biotic and abiotic conditions under which it does and does not apply. We found that the behavioral dominance-diversity relationship varies greatly, and depends on whether dominant species are native or non-native, whether dominance is considered as occurrence or relative abundance, and on variation in mean annual temperature. There were declines in diversity with increasing dominance in invaded communities, but diversity increased with increasing dominance in native communities. These patterns occur along the global temperature gradient. However, positive and negative relationships are strongest in the hottest sites. We also found that climate regulates the degree of behavioral dominance, but differently from how it shapes species richness. Our findings imply that, despite strong competitive interactions among ants, competitive exclusion is not a major driver of local richness in native ant communities. Although the dominance-impoverishment rule applies to invaded communities, we propose an alternative dominance-diversification rule for native communities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alan N Andersen
- Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University, Casuarina, NT, Australia
| | - Heloise Gibb
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and the Environment, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Catherine L Parr
- Department of Earth, Ocean and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Nathan J Sanders
- Environmental Program, Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Robert R Dunn
- Department of Applied Ecology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Elena Angulo
- Estación Biológica de Doñana CSIC, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Fabricio B Baccaro
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Tom R Bishop
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Raphaël Boulay
- Institute of Insect Biology, University François Rabelais of Tours, Tours, France
| | - Cristina Castracani
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Xim Cerdá
- Estación Biológica de Doñana CSIC, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Israel Del Toro
- Biology Department, Lawrence University, Appleton, Wisconsin
| | | | - David A Donoso
- Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Escuela Politécnicamenk Nacional, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Emilie K Elten
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution, and Climate, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tom M Fayle
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, and Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Matthew C Fitzpatrick
- Appalachian Lab, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Frostburg, Maryland
| | - Crisanto Gómez
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Donato A Grasso
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Blair F Grossman
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and the Environment, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Benoit Guénard
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Nihara Gunawardene
- Department of Environment and Agriculture, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Brian Heterick
- Department of Environment and Agriculture, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | | | - Milan Janda
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, and Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- National Laboratory for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis (LANASE), ENES, UNAM, Michoacan, Mexico
| | - Clinton N Jenkins
- IPÊ - Instituto de Pesquisas Ecológicas, Nazaré Paulista, SP, Brasil
| | - Petr Klimes
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, and Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- New Guinea Binatang Research Center, Madang, Papua New Guinea
| | - Lori Lach
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
| | - Thomas Laeger
- Department of Experimental Diabetology (DIAB), German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Maurice Leponce
- Biodiversity Monitoring & Assessment, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Andrea Lucky
- University of Florida Entomology & Nematology Department,, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Jonathan Majer
- School of Biological Sciences, University of WA, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Sean Menke
- Department of Biology, Lake Forest College, Lake Forest, Illinois
| | - Dirk Mezger
- Department of Biogeography, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Alessandra Mori
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Jimmy Moses
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, and Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- New Guinea Binatang Research Center, Madang, Papua New Guinea
| | | | - Omid Paknia
- ITZ, Ecology and Evolution, TiHo Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Martin Pfeiffer
- Department of Biogeography, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Stacy M Philpott
- Environmental Studies Department, University of California, Santa Cruz, California
| | - Jorge L P Souza
- Science and Technology for Amazonian Resources Graduate Program, Institute of Exact Sciences and Technology (ICET), Itacoatiara, AM, Brazil
- Biodiversity Coordination, National Institute for Amazonian Research (INPA), Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Melanie Tista
- Division of Tropical Ecology and Animal Biodiversity, Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Javier Retana
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalunya, Spain
- Univ Autònoma Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalunya, Spain
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9
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Laeger T, Castaño-Martinez T, Werno MW, Japtok L, Baumeier C, Jonas W, Kleuser B, Schürmann A. Dietary carbohydrates impair the protective effect of protein restriction against diabetes in NZO mice used as a model of type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia 2018; 61:1459-1469. [PMID: 29550873 PMCID: PMC6449005 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-018-4595-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Low-protein diets are well known to improve glucose tolerance and increase energy expenditure. Increases in circulating fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) have been implicated as a potential underlying mechanism. METHODS We aimed to test whether low-protein diets in the context of a high-carbohydrate or high-fat regimen would also protect against type 2 diabetes in New Zealand Obese (NZO) mice used as a model of polygenetic obesity and type 2 diabetes. Mice were placed on high-fat diets that provided protein at control (16 kJ%; CON) or low (4 kJ%; low-protein/high-carbohydrate [LP/HC] or low-protein/high-fat [LP/HF]) levels. RESULTS Protein restriction prevented the onset of hyperglycaemia and beta cell loss despite increased food intake and fat mass. The effect was seen only under conditions of a lower carbohydrate/fat ratio (LP/HF). When the carbohydrate/fat ratio was high (LP/HC), mice developed type 2 diabetes despite the robustly elevated hepatic FGF21 secretion and increased energy expenditure. CONCLUSION/INTERPRETATION Prevention of type 2 diabetes through protein restriction, without lowering food intake and body fat mass, is compromised by high dietary carbohydrates. Increased FGF21 levels and elevated energy expenditure do not protect against hyperglycaemia and type 2 diabetes per se.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Laeger
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Teresa Castaño-Martinez
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin W Werno
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Lukasz Japtok
- Department of Toxicology, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Christian Baumeier
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Wenke Jonas
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Burkhard Kleuser
- Department of Toxicology, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Annette Schürmann
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany.
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany.
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10
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Castano-Martinez T, Schürmann A, Laeger T. Dietary carbohydrates impair protection from type 2 diabetes by protein restriction. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1641802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T Castano-Martinez
- German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE), Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - A Schürmann
- German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE), Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - T Laeger
- German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE), Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
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11
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Wilhelmi I, Laeger T, Eggen B, Stadion M, Kluth O, Schürmann A. The role of the GTPase ARFRP1 on insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1641774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I Wilhelmi
- German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE), Potsdam, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München, Germany
| | - T Laeger
- German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE), Potsdam, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München, Germany
| | - B Eggen
- German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE), Potsdam, Germany
| | - M Stadion
- German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE), Potsdam, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München, Germany
| | - O Kluth
- German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE), Potsdam, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München, Germany
| | - A Schürmann
- German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE), Potsdam, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München, Germany
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12
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Laeger T, Baumeier C, Wilhelmi I, Würfel J, Kamitz A, Schürmann A. FGF21 improves glucose homeostasis in an obese diabetes-prone mouse model independent of body fat changes. Diabetologia 2017; 60:2274-2284. [PMID: 28770320 PMCID: PMC6448882 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-017-4389-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is considered to be a promising therapeutic candidate for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. However, as FGF21 levels are elevated in obese and diabetic conditions we aimed to test if exogenous FGF21 is sufficient to prevent diabetes and beta cell loss in New Zealand obese (NZO) mice, a model for polygenetic obesity and type 2 diabetes. METHODS Male NZO mice were treated with a specific dietary regimen that leads to the onset of diabetes within 1 week. Mice were treated subcutaneously with PBS or FGF21 to assess changes in glucose homeostasis, energy expenditure, food intake and other metabolic endpoints. RESULTS FGF21 treatment prevented islet destruction and the onset of hyperglycaemia, and improved glucose clearance. FGF21 increased energy expenditure by inducing browning in subcutaneous white adipose tissue. However, as a result of a compensatory increased food intake, body fat did not decrease in response to FGF21 treatment, but exhibited elevated Glut4 expression. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION FGF21 prevents the onset of diet-induced diabetes, without changing body fat mass. Beneficial effects are mediated via white adipose tissue browning and elevated thermogenesis. Furthermore, these data indicate that obesity does not induce FGF21 resistance in NZO mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Laeger
- Department of Experimental Diabetology (DIAB), German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christian Baumeier
- Department of Experimental Diabetology (DIAB), German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ilka Wilhelmi
- Department of Experimental Diabetology (DIAB), German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Josefine Würfel
- Department of Experimental Diabetology (DIAB), German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Anne Kamitz
- Department of Experimental Diabetology (DIAB), German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Annette Schürmann
- Department of Experimental Diabetology (DIAB), German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany.
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13
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Hill CM, Laeger T, Albarado DC, McDougal DH, Berthoud HR, Münzberg H, Morrison CD. Low protein-induced increases in FGF21 drive UCP1-dependent metabolic but not thermoregulatory endpoints. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8209. [PMID: 28811495 PMCID: PMC5557875 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07498-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary protein restriction increases adipose tissue uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), energy expenditure and food intake, and these effects require the metabolic hormone fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21). Here we test whether the induction of energy expenditure during protein restriction requires UCP1, promotes a resistance to cold stress, and is dependent on the concomitant hyperphagia. Wildtype, Ucp1-KO and Fgf21-KO mice were placed on control and low protein (LP) diets to assess changes in energy expenditure, food intake and other metabolic endpoints. Deletion of Ucp1 blocked LP-induced increases in energy expenditure and food intake, and exacerbated LP-induced weight loss. While LP diet increased energy expenditure and Ucp1 expression in an FGF21-dependent manner, neither LP diet nor the deletion of Fgf21 influenced sensitivity to acute cold stress. Finally, LP-induced energy expenditure occurred even in the absence of hyperphagia. Increased energy expenditure is a primary metabolic effect of dietary protein restriction, and requires both UCP1 and FGF21 but is independent of changes in food intake. However, the FGF21-dependent increase in UCP1 and energy expenditure by LP has no effect on the ability to acutely respond to cold stress, suggesting that LP-induced increases in FGF21 impact metabolic but not thermogenic endpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristal M Hill
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
| | - Thomas Laeger
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA.,Department of Experimental Diabetology (DIAB), German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Diana C Albarado
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
| | - David H McDougal
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
| | | | - Heike Münzberg
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
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14
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Baumeier C, Schlüter L, Saussenthaler S, Laeger T, Rödiger M, Alaze SA, Fritsche L, Häring HU, Stefan N, Fritsche A, Schwenk RW, Schürmann A. Elevated hepatic DPP4 activity promotes insulin resistance and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Mol Metab 2017; 6:1254-1263. [PMID: 29031724 PMCID: PMC5641684 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2017.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Increased hepatic expression of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) is associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Whether this is causative for the development of NAFLD is not yet clarified. Here we investigate the effect of hepatic DPP4 overexpression on the development of liver steatosis in a mouse model of diet-induced obesity. Methods Plasma DPP4 activity of subjects with or without NAFLD was analyzed. Wild-type (WT) and liver-specific Dpp4 transgenic mice (Dpp4-Liv-Tg) were fed a high-fat diet and characterized for body weight, body composition, hepatic fat content and insulin sensitivity. In vitro experiments on HepG2 cells and primary mouse hepatocytes were conducted to validate cell autonomous effects of DPP4 on lipid storage and insulin sensitivity. Results Subjects suffering from insulin resistance and NAFLD show an increased plasma DPP4 activity when compared to healthy controls. Analysis of Dpp4-Liv-Tg mice revealed elevated systemic DPP4 activity and diminished active GLP-1 levels. They furthermore show increased body weight, fat mass, adipose tissue inflammation, hepatic steatosis, liver damage and hypercholesterolemia. These effects were accompanied by increased expression of PPARγ and CD36 as well as severe insulin resistance in the liver. In agreement, treatment of HepG2 cells and primary hepatocytes with physiological concentrations of DPP4 resulted in impaired insulin sensitivity independent of lipid content. Conclusions Our results give evidence that elevated expression of DPP4 in the liver promotes NAFLD and insulin resistance. This is linked to reduced levels of active GLP-1, but also to auto- and paracrine effects of DPP4 on hepatic insulin signaling. NAFLD patients have augmented plasma DPP4 activity. Hepatocyte-specific DPP4 overexpression in mice.promotes fatty liver disease. induces hepatic insulin resistance. reduces systemic levels of active GLP-1. enhances adipose tissue expansion and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Baumeier
- German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Department of Experimental Diabetology, Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Luisa Schlüter
- German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Department of Experimental Diabetology, Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Germany
| | - Sophie Saussenthaler
- German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Department of Experimental Diabetology, Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Laeger
- German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Department of Experimental Diabetology, Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Maria Rödiger
- German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Department of Experimental Diabetology, Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Stella Amelie Alaze
- German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Department of Experimental Diabetology, Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Germany
| | - Louise Fritsche
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Institute of Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Häring
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Institute of Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Norbert Stefan
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Institute of Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Fritsche
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Institute of Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Robert Wolfgang Schwenk
- German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Department of Experimental Diabetology, Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Annette Schürmann
- German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Department of Experimental Diabetology, Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany.
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15
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Laeger T, Baumeier C, Würfel J, Schürmann A. FGF21 improves glucose homeostasis in diabetes-prone NZO mice. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2017. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1601632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T Laeger
- Deutsches Institut für Ernährungsforschung Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - C Baumeier
- Deutsches Institut für Ernährungsforschung Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - J Würfel
- Deutsches Institut für Ernährungsforschung Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - A Schürmann
- Deutsches Institut für Ernährungsforschung Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany
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16
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Gibb H, Dunn RR, Sanders NJ, Grossman BF, Photakis M, Abril S, Agosti D, Andersen AN, Angulo E, Armbrecht I, Arnan X, Baccaro FB, Bishop TR, Boulay R, Brühl C, Castracani C, Cerda X, Del Toro I, Delsinne T, Diaz M, Donoso DA, Ellison AM, Enriquez ML, Fayle TM, Feener DH, Fisher BL, Fisher RN, Fitzpatrick MC, Gómez C, Gotelli NJ, Gove A, Grasso DA, Groc S, Guenard B, Gunawardene N, Heterick B, Hoffmann B, Janda M, Jenkins C, Kaspari M, Klimes P, Lach L, Laeger T, Lattke J, Leponce M, Lessard JP, Longino J, Lucky A, Luke SH, Majer J, McGlynn TP, Menke S, Mezger D, Mori A, Moses J, Munyai TC, Pacheco R, Paknia O, Pearce-Duvet J, Pfeiffer M, Philpott SM, Resasco J, Retana J, Silva RR, Sorger MD, Souza J, Suarez A, Tista M, Vasconcelos HL, Vonshak M, Weiser MD, Yates M, Parr CL. A global database of ant species abundances. Ecology 2017; 98:883-884. [DOI: 10.1002/ecy.1682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Heloise Gibb
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Evolution; La Trobe University; Melbourne 3086 Victoria Australia
| | - Rob R. Dunn
- Department of Applied Ecology; North Carolina State University; Raleigh North Carolina 27695 USA
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution, and Climate; Natural History Museum of Denmark; University of Copenhagen; Universitetsparken 15 DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø Denmark
| | - Nathan J. Sanders
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution, and Climate; Natural History Museum of Denmark; University of Copenhagen; Universitetsparken 15 DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø Denmark
| | - Blair F. Grossman
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Evolution; La Trobe University; Melbourne 3086 Victoria Australia
| | - Manoli Photakis
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Evolution; La Trobe University; Melbourne 3086 Victoria Australia
| | - Silvia Abril
- Department of Environmental Science; University of Girona; Montilivi Campus s/n 17071 Girona Spain
| | - Donat Agosti
- Naturhistorisches Museum Bern; Bernastrasse 15 3005 Bern Switzerland
| | - Alan N. Andersen
- CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences, Tropical Ecosystems Research Centre; PMB 44 Winnellie Northern Territory 0822 Australia
| | - Elena Angulo
- Departamento de Etología y Conservación de la Biodiversidad; Estación Biológica de Doñana; Avenida Americo Vespucio s/n (Isla de la Cartuja) Sevilla 41092 Spain
| | - Inge Armbrecht
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas; Universidad del Valle; Cali Colombia
| | - Xavier Arnan
- Departamento de Botânica; Universidade Federal Pernambuco; Avenida Prof Moraes Rego s/no Cidade Universitária Pernambuco Brazil
| | - Fabricio B. Baccaro
- Departamento de Biologia; Universidade Federal do Amazonas-UFAM; Manaus Amazonas Brazil
| | - Tom R. Bishop
- Department of Earth, Ocean and Ecological Sciences; University of Liverpool; Liverpool L69 3GP United Kingdom
- Department of Zoology and Entomology; Centre for Invasion Biology; University of Pretoria; Pretoria 0002 South Africa
| | - Raphaël Boulay
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte et Département, d'Aménagement du Territoire Université; François Rabelais de Tours; Tours 37200 France
| | - Carsten Brühl
- Institute for Environmental Sciences; University Koblenz-Landau; Fortstraße 7 76829 Landau in der Pfalz Germany
| | - Cristina Castracani
- Department of Life Sciences; University of Parma; Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A Parma 43124 Italy
| | - Xim Cerda
- Departamento de Etología y Conservación de la Biodiversidad; Estación Biológica de Doñana; Avenida Americo Vespucio s/n (Isla de la Cartuja) Sevilla 41092 Spain
| | - Israel Del Toro
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution, and Climate; Natural History Museum of Denmark; University of Copenhagen; Universitetsparken 15 DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø Denmark
| | - Thibaut Delsinne
- Société d'Histoire Naturelle Alcide-d'Orbigny; 57 rue de Gergovie 63170 Aubière France
| | - Mireia Diaz
- Department of Environmental Science; University of Girona; Montilivi Campus s/n 17071 Girona Spain
| | - David A. Donoso
- Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas; Escuela Politécnica Nacional; Avenida Ladrón de Guevara E11253 Quito Ecuador
| | - Aaron M. Ellison
- Harvard Forest; Harvard University; 324 North Main Street Petersham Massachusetts 01366 USA
- Departments of Biology and Environmental Conservation; University of Massachusetts; Morrill Science Center and Holdsworth Hall, 611 North Pleasant Street Amherst Massachusetts 01003 USA
- Faculty of Arts, Business and Law; Tropical Forests and People Research Centre; University of the Sunshine Coast; 90 Sippy Downs Drive Sippy Downs Queensland 4556 Australia
| | - Martha L. Enriquez
- Department of Environmental Science; University of Girona; Montilivi Campus s/n 17071 Girona Spain
| | - Tom M. Fayle
- Institute of Entomology; Biology Centre of Academy of Sciences Czech Republic and Faculty of Science; University of South Bohemia; Branišovská 31 České Budějovice 370 05 Czech Republic
- Forest Ecology and Conservation Group; Imperial College London; Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road Ascot SL5 7PY United Kingdom
| | - Donald H. Feener
- Department of Biology; University of Utah; Salt Lake City Utah 84112 USA
| | - Brian L. Fisher
- Entomology; California Academy of Sciences; San Francisco California USA
| | - Robert N. Fisher
- Western Ecological Research Center; U.S. Geological Survey; San Diego Field Station 4165 Spruance Road, Suite 200 San Diego California 92101 USA
| | - Matthew C. Fitzpatrick
- Appalachian Laboratory; University of Maryland Centre for Environmental Science; Frostburg Maryland 21532 USA
| | - Crisanto Gómez
- Department of Environmental Science; University of Girona; Montilivi Campus s/n 17071 Girona Spain
| | | | - Aaron Gove
- Astron Environmental Services; Perth Western Australia Australia
- Department of Environment and Agriculture; Curtin University; G.P.O. Box U1987 Perth Western Australia 6845 Australia
| | - Donato A. Grasso
- Department of Life Sciences; University of Parma; Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A Parma 43124 Italy
| | - Sarah Groc
- Instituto de Biologia; Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU) Rua Ceara; Uberlândia Minas Gerais 38400-902 Brazil
| | - Benoit Guenard
- School of Biological Sciences; The University of Hong Kong; Pok Fu Lam Road Hong Kong China
| | - Nihara Gunawardene
- Department of Environment and Agriculture; Curtin University; G.P.O. Box U1987 Perth Western Australia 6845 Australia
| | - Brian Heterick
- Department of Environment and Agriculture; Curtin University; G.P.O. Box U1987 Perth Western Australia 6845 Australia
| | - Benjamin Hoffmann
- CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences, Tropical Ecosystems Research Centre; PMB 44 Winnellie Northern Territory 0822 Australia
| | - Milan Janda
- Institute of Entomology; Biology Centre of Academy of Sciences Czech Republic and Faculty of Science; University of South Bohemia; Branišovská 31 České Budějovice 370 05 Czech Republic
- Department of Biology; University of Guanajuato; Noria Alta sn. Guanajuato Mexico
| | - Clinton Jenkins
- IPÊ-Instituto de Pesquisas Ecológicas; Nazaré Paulista São Paulo 12960-000 Brazil
| | - Michael Kaspari
- Department of Biology; University of Oklahoma; 730 Van Vleet Oval, Room 314 Norman Oklahoma 73019 USA
| | - Petr Klimes
- Institute of Entomology; Biology Centre of Academy of Sciences Czech Republic and Faculty of Science; University of South Bohemia; Branišovská 31 České Budějovice 370 05 Czech Republic
- New Guinea Binatang Research Center; P.O. Box 604 Madang Papua New Guinea
| | - Lori Lach
- Centre for Tropical Biology and Climate Change; School of Marine and Tropical Biology; James Cook University; P.O. Box 6811 Cairns Queensland 4870 Australia
| | | | - John Lattke
- Departamento de Zoologia; Universidade Federal do Paraná; Caixa Postal 19020 81531-980 Curitiba Paraná Brazil
| | - Maurice Leponce
- Section of Biological Evaluation; Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences; Rue Vautier, 29 Brussels 1000 Belgium
| | | | - John Longino
- Department of Biology; University of Utah; Salt Lake City Utah 84112 USA
| | - Andrea Lucky
- Entomology and Nematology Department; University of Florida; 970 Natural Area Drive Gainesville Florida 32611 USA
| | - Sarah H. Luke
- School of Biological Sciences; University of East Anglia; Norwich NR4 7TJ United Kingdom
- Department of Zoology; University of Cambridge; Downing Street Cambridge CB2 3EJ United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Majer
- Department of Environment and Agriculture; Curtin University; G.P.O. Box U1987 Perth Western Australia 6845 Australia
- School of Plant Biology; The University of Western Australia; 35 Stirling Highway Crawley Western Australia 6009 Australia
| | - Terrence P. McGlynn
- Depatment of Biology; California State University Dominguez Hills; 1000 East Victoria Street Carson California 90747 USA
- Department of Entomology; Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County; Los Angeles California USA
| | - Sean Menke
- Department of Biology; Lake Forest College; 555 North Sheridan Road Lake Forest Illinois 60045 USA
| | - Dirk Mezger
- Division of Insects; Department of Zoology; Moreau Lab; Field Museum of Natural History; 1400 South Lake Shore Drive Chicago Illinois 60605 USA
| | - Alessandra Mori
- Department of Life Sciences; University of Parma; Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A Parma 43124 Italy
| | - Jimmy Moses
- Institute of Entomology; Biology Centre of Academy of Sciences Czech Republic and Faculty of Science; University of South Bohemia; Branišovská 31 České Budějovice 370 05 Czech Republic
- New Guinea Binatang Research Center; P.O. Box 604 Madang Papua New Guinea
| | - Thinandavha Caswell Munyai
- School of Life Sciences; College of Agriculture Engineering and Science; University of KwaZulu-Natal; Pietermaritzburg 3209 South Africa
| | - Renata Pacheco
- Instituto de Biologia; Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU) Rua Ceara; Uberlândia Minas Gerais 38400-902 Brazil
| | - Omid Paknia
- Institute of Animal Ecology and Cell Biology; TiHo Hannover; Bünteweg 17d Hannover 30559 Germany
| | | | - Martin Pfeiffer
- Department of Ecology; National University of Mongolia; Baga Toiruu 47 P.O. Box 377 Ulaanbaatar 210646 Mongolia
| | - Stacy M. Philpott
- Environmental Studies Department; University of California; 1156 High Street Santa Cruz California 95060 USA
| | - Julian Resasco
- The Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; University of Colorado; UCB 334 Boulder Colorado 80309 USA
| | - Javier Retana
- Universitat Autònoma Barcelona; Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193 Spain
| | - Rogerio R. Silva
- Coordenação de Ciências da Terra e Ecologia; Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi; Belém Pará Brazil
| | - Magdalena D. Sorger
- Department of Applied Ecology; North Carolina State University; Raleigh North Carolina 27695 USA
| | - Jorge Souza
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade; National Institute of Amazonian Research; Manaus Amazonas Brazil
| | - Andrew Suarez
- Department of Entomology; University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign; Urbana Illinois 61801 USA
| | - Melanie Tista
- Department of Tropical Ecology and Animal Biodiversity; University of Vienna; Rennweg 14 Vienna 1030 Austria
| | - Heraldo L. Vasconcelos
- Instituto de Biologia; Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU) Rua Ceara; Uberlândia Minas Gerais 38400-902 Brazil
| | - Merav Vonshak
- Department of Biology; Stanford University; Stanford California 94305 USA
| | - Michael D. Weiser
- Department of Biology; University of Oklahoma; 730 Van Vleet Oval, Room 314 Norman Oklahoma 73019 USA
| | - Michelle Yates
- Centre for Behavioural and Physiological Ecology, Zoology; University of New England; Armidale New South Wales Australia
| | - Catherine L. Parr
- Department of Earth, Ocean and Ecological Sciences; University of Liverpool; Liverpool L69 3GP United Kingdom
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Henagan TM, Laeger T, Navard AM, Albarado D, Noland RC, Stadler K, Elks CM, Burk D, Morrison CD. Hepatic autophagy contributes to the metabolic response to dietary protein restriction. Metabolism 2016; 65:805-15. [PMID: 27173459 PMCID: PMC4867053 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2016.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Revised: 02/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is an essential cellular response which acts to release stored cellular substrates during nutrient restriction, and particularly plays a key role in the cellular response to amino acid restriction. However, there has been limited work testing whether the induction of autophagy is required for adaptive metabolic responses to dietary protein restriction in the whole animal. Here, we found that moderate dietary protein restriction led to a series of metabolic changes in rats, including increases in food intake and energy expenditure, the downregulation of hepatic fatty acid synthesis gene expression and reduced markers of hepatic mitochondrial number. Importantly, these effects were also associated with an induction of hepatic autophagy. To determine if the induction of autophagy contributes to these metabolic effects, we tested the metabolic response to dietary protein restriction in BCL2-AAA mice, which bear a genetic mutation that impairs autophagy induction. Interestingly, BCL2-AAA mice exhibit exaggerated responses in terms of both food intake and energy expenditure, whereas the effects of protein restriction on hepatic metabolism were significantly blunted. These data demonstrate that restriction of dietary protein is sufficient to trigger hepatic autophagy, and that disruption of autophagy significantly alters both hepatic and whole animal metabolic response to dietary protein restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara M Henagan
- Neurosignaling, Imaging and Culture Core, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808
| | - Thomas Laeger
- Neurosignaling, Imaging and Culture Core, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808
| | - Alexandra M Navard
- Neurosignaling, Imaging and Culture Core, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808
| | - Diana Albarado
- Neurosignaling, Imaging and Culture Core, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808
| | - Robert C Noland
- Skeletal Muscle Metabolism, Imaging and Culture Core, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808
| | - Krisztian Stadler
- Oxidative Stress and Disease, Imaging and Culture Core, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808
| | - Carrie M Elks
- Matrix Biology, Imaging and Culture Core, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808
| | - David Burk
- Cell Biology, Imaging and Culture Core, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808
| | - Christopher D Morrison
- Neurosignaling, Imaging and Culture Core, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808.
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Laeger T, Albarado DC, Trosclair L, Hedgepeth J, Morrison CD. Role of FGF21 and GCN2 in mediating the metabolic response to dietary protein restriction. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2016. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1580771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Abstract
Free-feeding animals often face complex nutritional choices that require the balancing of competing nutrients, but the mechanisms driving macronutrient-specific food intake are poorly defined. A large number of behavioral studies indicate that both the quantity and quality of dietary protein can markedly influence food intake and metabolism, and that dietary protein intake may be prioritized over energy intake. This review focuses on recent progress in defining the mechanisms underlying protein-specific feeding. Considering the evidence that protein powerfully regulates both food intake and metabolism, uncovering these protein-specific mechanisms may reveal new molecular targets for the treatment of obesity and diabetes while also offering a more complete understanding of how dietary factors shape both food intake and food choice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas Laeger
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
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20
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McNulty M, Laeger T, Albarado D, Morrison C. Dietary Protein Restriction and FGF21 Influence Bone Morphology. FASEB J 2015. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.29.1_supplement.702.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Margaret McNulty
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences Louisiana State University School of Veterinary MedicineBaton RougeLAUnited States
| | - Thomas Laeger
- Pennington Biomedical Research CenterBaton RougeLAUnited States
| | - Diana Albarado
- Pennington Biomedical Research CenterBaton RougeLAUnited States
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Kuhla B, Laeger T, Husi H, Mullen W. Cerebrospinal Fluid Prohormone Processing and Neuropeptides Stimulating Feed Intake of Dairy Cows during Early Lactation. J Proteome Res 2015; 14:823-8. [DOI: 10.1021/pr500872k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Björn Kuhla
- Institute of Nutritional
Physiology “Oskar Kellner”, Leibniz Institute for Farm
Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee
2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Thomas Laeger
- Institute of Nutritional
Physiology “Oskar Kellner”, Leibniz Institute for Farm
Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee
2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Holger Husi
- College
of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - William Mullen
- College
of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
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Laeger T, Henagan TM, Albarado DC, Redman LM, Bray GA, Noland RC, Münzberg H, Hutson SM, Gettys TW, Schwartz MW, Morrison CD. FGF21 is an endocrine signal of protein restriction. J Clin Invest 2014; 124:3913-22. [PMID: 25133427 DOI: 10.1172/jci74915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 411] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Enhanced fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) production and circulation has been linked to the metabolic adaptation to starvation. Here, we demonstrated that hepatic FGF21 expression is induced by dietary protein restriction, but not energy restriction. Circulating FGF21 was increased 10-fold in mice and rats fed a low-protein (LP) diet. In these animals, liver Fgf21 expression was increased within 24 hours of reduced protein intake. In humans, circulating FGF21 levels increased dramatically following 28 days on a LP diet. LP-induced increases in FGF21 were associated with increased phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (eIF2α) in the liver, and both baseline and LP-induced serum FGF21 levels were reduced in mice lacking the eIF2α kinase general control nonderepressible 2 (GCN2). Finally, while protein restriction altered food intake, energy expenditure, and body weight gain in WT mice, FGF21-deficient animals did not exhibit these changes in response to a LP diet. These and other data demonstrate that reduced protein intake underlies the increase in circulating FGF21 in response to starvation and a ketogenic diet and that FGF21 is required for behavioral and metabolic responses to protein restriction. FGF21 therefore represents an endocrine signal of protein restriction, which acts to coordinate metabolism and growth during periods of reduced protein intake.
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Laeger T, Reed SD, Henagan TM, Fernandez DH, Taghavi M, Addington A, Münzberg H, Martin RJ, Hutson SM, Morrison CD. Leucine acts in the brain to suppress food intake but does not function as a physiological signal of low dietary protein. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2014; 307:R310-20. [PMID: 24898843 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00116.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Intracerebroventricular injections of leucine are sufficient to suppress food intake, but it remains unclear whether brain leucine signaling represents a physiological signal of protein balance. We tested whether variations in dietary and circulating levels of leucine, or all three branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), contribute to the detection of reduced dietary protein. Of the essential amino acids (EAAs) tested, only intracerebroventricular injection of leucine (10 μg) was sufficient to suppress food intake. Isocaloric low- (9% protein energy; LP) or normal- (18% protein energy) protein diets induced a divergence in food intake, with an increased consumption of LP beginning on day 2 and persisting throughout the study (P < 0.05). Circulating BCAA levels were reduced the day after LP diet exposure, but levels subsequently increased and normalized by day 4, despite persistent hyperphagia. Brain BCAA levels as measured by microdialysis on day 2 of diet exposure were reduced in LP rats, but this effect was most prominent postprandially. Despite these diet-induced changes in BCAA levels, reducing dietary leucine or total BCAAs independently from total protein was neither necessary nor sufficient to induce hyperphagia, while chronic infusion of EAAs into the brain of LP rats failed to consistently block LP-induced hyperphagia. Collectively, these data suggest that circulating BCAAs are transiently reduced by dietary protein restriction, but variations in dietary or brain BCAAs alone do not explain the hyperphagia induced by a low-protein diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Laeger
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Lousiana; and
| | - Scott D Reed
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Lousiana; and
| | - Tara M Henagan
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Lousiana; and
| | | | - Marzieh Taghavi
- Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Adele Addington
- Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Heike Münzberg
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Lousiana; and
| | - Roy J Martin
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Lousiana; and
| | - Susan M Hutson
- Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia
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Laeger T, Wirthgen E, Piechotta M, Metzger F, Metges CC, Kuhla B, Hoeflich A. Effects of parturition and feed restriction on concentrations and distribution of the insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid of dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2014; 97:2876-85. [PMID: 24612811 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2013-7671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Hormones and metabolites act as satiety signals in the brain and play an important role in the control of feed intake (FI). These signals can reach the hypothalamus and brainstem, 2 major centers of FI regulation, via the blood stream or the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). During the early lactation period of high-yielding dairy cows, the increase of FI is often insufficient. Recently, it has been demonstrated that insulin-like growth factors (IGF) may control FI. Thus, we asked in the present study if IGF-binding proteins (IGFBP) are regulated during the periparturient period and in response to feed restriction and therefore might affect FI as well. In addition, we specifically addressed conditional distribution of IGFBP in plasma and CSF. In one experiment, 10 multiparous German Holstein dairy cows were fed ad libitum and samples of CSF and plasma were obtained before morning feeding on d -20, -10, +1, +10, +20, and +40 relative to calving. In a second experiment, 7 cows in second mid-lactation were sampled for CSF and plasma after ad libitum feeding and again after feeding 50% of the previous ad libitum intake for 4 d. Intact IGFBP-2, IGFBP-3, and IGFBP-4 were detected in plasma by quantitative Western ligand blot analysis. In CSF, we were able to predominantly identify intact IGFBP-2 and a specific IGFBP-2 fragment containing detectable binding affinities for biotinylated IGF-II. Whereas plasma concentrations of IGFBP-2 and IGFBP-4 increased during the periparturient period, IGFBP-3 was unaffected over time. In CSF, concentrations of IGFBP-2, both intact and fragmented, were not affected during the periparturient period. Plasma IGF-I continuously decreased until calving but remained at a lower concentration in early lactation than in late pregnancy. Food restriction did not affect concentrations of IGF components present in plasma or CSF. We could show that the IGFBP profiles in plasma and CSF are clearly distinct and that changes in IGFBP in plasma do not simply correspond in the brain. We thus assume independent control of IGFBP distribution between plasma and CSF. Due to the known anorexic effect of IGF-I, elevated plasma concentrations of IGFBP-2 and IGFBP-4 during the postpartum period in conjunction with reduced plasma IGF-I concentrations may be interpreted as an endocrine response against negative energy balance in early lactation in dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Laeger
- Institute of Nutritional Physiology "Oskar Kellner," Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - E Wirthgen
- Ligandis GbR, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany; Institute of Genome Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - M Piechotta
- Endocrinology Laboratory, Clinic for Cattle, University of Veterinary Medicine Foundation, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173 Hannover, Germany
| | - F Metzger
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., pRED, Pharma Research & Early Development, Neuroscience DTA, Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - C C Metges
- Institute of Nutritional Physiology "Oskar Kellner," Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - B Kuhla
- Institute of Nutritional Physiology "Oskar Kellner," Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany.
| | - A Hoeflich
- Ligandis GbR, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany; Institute of Genome Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany.
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26
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Laeger T, Sauerwein H, Tuchscherer A, Bellmann O, Metges C, Kuhla B. Concentrations of hormones and metabolites in cerebrospinal fluid and plasma of dairy cows during the periparturient period. J Dairy Sci 2013; 96:2883-93. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2012-5909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2012] [Accepted: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Laeger T, Görs S, Metges CC, Kuhla B. Effect of feed restriction on metabolites in cerebrospinal fluid and plasma of dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2012; 95:1198-208. [PMID: 22365204 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2011-4506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2011] [Accepted: 10/29/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Endocrines and metabolites in the circulation act as long-term hunger or satiety signals in the brain during negative energy balance and play an important role in the control of feed intake. These signals also occur in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which surrounds the hypothalamus and brainstem: 2 major centers of feed intake regulation. Thus CSF functions as a transport medium for fuel signals between blood and brain. The CSF metabolite concentrations are mainly under control of the blood-brain barriers, which provide specific carrier molecules facilitating the entry of substances required by the brain and protect the brain from factors that could impair neuronal function. The transport of small molecules such as amino acids (AA) across the blood-brain barriers may be limited by competing AA that share a common transporter for the uptake into brain. Consequently, CSF metabolite concentrations differ from those in blood. Thus it appears likely that central (CSF) rather than peripheral (blood) metabolites act as pivotal signals for the control of feed intake. However, the contribution of putative orexigenic and anorexigenic signals in CSF of cows has not been studied so far. Therefore, the aim of this study was to elucidate associations existing between both plasma and CSF metabolites, each in response to feed restriction-induced negative energy balance. Seven German Holstein dairy cows, between 87 and 96 DIM of the second lactation (milk yield, 27.9 L/d) were fed ad libitum (AL) for 4 d and CSF from the spinal cord and blood from the jugular vein was withdrawn before morning feeding at the fifth day. Subsequently, animals were feed restricted (R) to 50% of the previous AL intake for 4 d and CSF and plasma were collected at the ninth day. Body weight, feed intake, water intake, and milk production were determined. Thirty-one AA, β-hydroxybutyric acid, cholesterol, glucose, lactate, nonesterified fatty acids, urea, and osmolality were measured in both CSF and plasma, whereas free fatty acids and volatile fatty acids were determined in plasma only. Although plasma arginine (132%), leucine (134%), lysine (117%), nonesterified fatty acids (224%), and cholesterol (112%) increased, tryptophan and carnosine decreased (-33% and -20%, respectively) in R animals as compared with AL animals. In CSF, concentrations of these metabolites were not affected after R feeding, suggesting that these identified plasma metabolites have only little potential to contribute to central feed intake regulatory signaling in cows. By contrast, in CSF, serine, threonine, and tyrosine decreased (-20, -24, and -31%, respectively) after R feeding. Therefore, these 3 AA are potential centrally acting anorexigenic signals in cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Laeger
- Research Unit Nutritional Physiology Oskar Kellner, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
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Laeger T, Pöhland R, Metges CC, Kuhla B. The ketone body β-hydroxybutyric acid influences agouti-related peptide expression via AMP-activated protein kinase in hypothalamic GT1-7 cells. J Endocrinol 2012; 213:193-203. [PMID: 22357971 DOI: 10.1530/joe-11-0457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
β-Hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA) acts in the brain to influence feeding behaviour, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are unclear. GT1-7 hypothalamic cells expressing orexigenic agouti-related peptide (AGRP) were used to study the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway known to integrate dietary and hormonal signals for food intake regulation. In a 25 mM glucose culture medium, BHBA increased intracellular calcium concentrations and the expression of monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1 (SLC16A1)). Phosphorylation of AMPK-α (PRKAA1 and PRKAA2) at Thr(172) was diminished after 2 h but increased after 4 h. Its downstream target, the mammalian target of rapamycin, was increasingly phosphorylated on Ser(2448) after 2 h but not changed after 4 h of BHBA treatment. After 4 h, BHBA treatment also increased Agrp mRNA expression. This increase was prevented by preincubation with the AMPK inhibitor Compound C. The inhibition of MCT1 activity by p-hydroxymercuribenzoate suppressed BHBA-stimulated AMPK phosphorylation but did not prevent BHBA-induced Agrp mRNA expression. This finding demonstrates that BHBA triggers the AMPK pathway resulting in orexigenic signalling under 25 mM glucose culture conditions. Under conditions of 5.5 mM glucose, however, BHBA marginally increased intracellular calcium but significantly decreased AMPK phosphorylation and Agrp mRNA expression, demonstrating that under physiological conditions BHBA reduces central orexigenic signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Laeger
- Research Unit Nutritional Physiology Oskar Kellner Research Unit Reproductive Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
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