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Kuroda S, Lalonde RL, Mansour TA, Mosimann C, Nakamura T. Multiple embryonic sources converge to form the pectoral girdle skeleton in zebrafish. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6313. [PMID: 39060278 PMCID: PMC11282072 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50734-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The morphological transformation of the pectoral/shoulder girdle is fundamental to the water-to-land transition in vertebrate evolution. Although previous studies have resolved the embryonic origins of tetrapod shoulder girdles, those of fish pectoral girdles remain uncharacterized, creating a gap in the understanding of girdle transformation mechanisms from fish to tetrapods. Here, we identify the embryonic origins of the zebrafish pectoral girdle, including the cleithrum as an ancestral girdle element lost in extant tetrapods. Our combinatorial approach of photoconversion and genetic lineage tracing demonstrates that cleithrum development combines four adjoining embryonic populations. A comparison of these pectoral girdle progenitors with extinct and extant vertebrates highlights that cleithrum loss, indispensable for neck evolution, is associated with the disappearance of its unique developmental environment at the head/trunk interface. Overall, our study establishes an embryological framework for pectoral/shoulder girdle formation and provides evolutionary trajectories from their origin in water to diversification on land.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunya Kuroda
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
- Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1164, Japan.
| | - Robert L Lalonde
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Thomas A Mansour
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Christian Mosimann
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Tetsuya Nakamura
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
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2
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Rajendran PS, Hadaya J, Khalsa SS, Yu C, Chang R, Shivkumar K. The vagus nerve in cardiovascular physiology and pathophysiology: From evolutionary insights to clinical medicine. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2024; 156:190-200. [PMID: 36641366 PMCID: PMC10336178 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2023.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The parasympathetic nervous system via the vagus nerve exerts profound influence over the heart. Together with the sympathetic nervous system, the parasympathetic nervous system is responsible for fine-tuned regulation of all aspects of cardiovascular function, including heart rate, rhythm, contractility, and blood pressure. In this review, we highlight vagal efferent and afferent innervation of the heart, with a focus on insights from comparative biology and advances in understanding the molecular and genetic diversity of vagal neurons, as well as interoception, parasympathetic dysfunction in heart disease, and the therapeutic potential of targeting the parasympathetic nervous system in cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joseph Hadaya
- University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) Cardiac Arrhythmia Center and Neurocardiology Research Program of Excellence, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; UCLA Molecular, Cellular, and Integrative Physiology Program, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sahib S Khalsa
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, Ok, USA; Oxley College of Health Sciences, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, Ok, USA
| | - Chuyue Yu
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Rui Chang
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kalyanam Shivkumar
- University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) Cardiac Arrhythmia Center and Neurocardiology Research Program of Excellence, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; UCLA Molecular, Cellular, and Integrative Physiology Program, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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3
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Muramatsu B, Suzuki DG, Suzuki M, Higashiyama H. Gross anatomy of the Pacific hagfish, Eptatretus burgeri, with special reference to the coelomic viscera. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2024; 307:155-171. [PMID: 36958942 DOI: 10.1002/ar.25208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
Hagfish (Myxinoidea) are a deep-sea taxon of cyclostomes, the extant jawless vertebrates. Many researchers have examined the anatomy and embryology of hagfish to shed light on the early evolution of vertebrates; however, the diversity within hagfish is often overlooked. Hagfish have three lineages, Myxininae, Eptatretinae, and Rubicundinae. Usually, textbook illustrations of hagfish anatomy reflect the morphology of the Myxininae lineage, especially Myxine glutinosa, with its single pair of external branchial pores. Here, we instead report the gross anatomy of an Eptatretinae, Eptatretus burgeri, which has six pairs of branchial pores, especially focusing on the coelomic organs. Dissections were performed on fixed and unfixed specimens to provide a guide for those doing organ- or tissue-specific molecular experiments. Our dissections revealed that the ventral aorta is Y-branched in E. burgeri, which differs from the unbranched morphology of Myxine. Otherwise, there were no differences in the morphology of the lingual apparatus or heart in the pharyngeal domain. The thyroid follicles were scattered around the ventral aorta, as has been reported for adult lampreys. The hepatobiliary system more closely resembled those of jawed vertebrates than those of adult lampreys, with the liver having two lobes and a bile duct connecting the gallbladder to each lobe. Overall, the visceral morphology of E. burgeri does not differ significantly from that of the known Myxine at the level of gross anatomy, although the branchial morphology is phylogenetically ancestral compared to Myxine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banri Muramatsu
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan
| | - Daichi G Suzuki
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai, Tsukuba, 305-8572, Japan
| | - Masakazu Suzuki
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan
| | - Hiroki Higashiyama
- Department of Physiological Chemistry and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
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4
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Mizukami K, Higashiyama H, Arima Y, Ando K, Okada N, Kose K, Yamada S, Takeuchi JK, Koshiba-Takeuchi K, Fukuhara S, Miyagawa-Tomita S, Kurihara H. Coronary artery established through amniote evolution. eLife 2023; 12:e83005. [PMID: 37605519 PMCID: PMC10444023 DOI: 10.7554/elife.83005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronary arteries are a critical part of the vascular system and provide nourishment to the heart. In humans, even minor defects in coronary arteries can be lethal, emphasizing their importance for survival. However, some teleosts survive without coronary arteries, suggesting that there may have been some evolutionary changes in the morphology and function of coronary arteries in the tetrapod lineage. Here, we propose that the true ventricular coronary arteries were newly established during amniote evolution through remodeling of the ancestral coronary vasculature. In mouse (Mus musculus) and Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) embryos, the coronary arteries unique to amniotes are established by the reconstitution of transient vascular plexuses: aortic subepicardial vessels (ASVs) in the outflow tract and the primitive coronary plexus on the ventricle. In contrast, amphibians (Hyla japonica, Lithobates catesbeianus, Xenopus laevis, and Cynops pyrrhogaster) retain the ASV-like vasculature as truncal coronary arteries throughout their lives and have no primitive coronary plexus. The anatomy and development of zebrafish (Danio rerio) and chondrichthyans suggest that their hypobranchial arteries are ASV-like structures serving as the root of the coronary vasculature throughout their lives. Thus, the ventricular coronary artery of adult amniotes is a novel structure that has acquired a new remodeling process, while the ASVs, which occur transiently during embryonic development, are remnants of the ancestral coronary vessels. This evolutionary change may be related to the modification of branchial arteries, indicating considerable morphological changes underlying the physiological transition during amniote evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaoru Mizukami
- Department of Physiological Chemistry and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Hiroki Higashiyama
- Department of Physiological Chemistry and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Yuichiro Arima
- Department of Physiological Chemistry and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of TokyoTokyoJapan
- Developmental Cardiology Laboratory, International Research Center for Medical Science, Kumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
| | - Koji Ando
- Department of Molecular Pathophysiology, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Nippon Medical SchoolTokyoJapan
| | | | - Katsumi Kose
- Institute of Applied Physics, University of TsukubaTsukubaJapan
| | - Shigehito Yamada
- Congenital Anomaly Research Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of MedicineKyotoJapan
| | - Jun K Takeuchi
- Molecular Craniofacial Embryology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental UniversityTokyoJapan
| | | | - Shigetomo Fukuhara
- Department of Molecular Pathophysiology, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Nippon Medical SchoolTokyoJapan
| | - Sachiko Miyagawa-Tomita
- Department of Physiological Chemistry and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of TokyoTokyoJapan
- Heart Center, Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Tokyo Women’s Medical UniversityTokyoJapan
- Department of Animal Nursing Science, Yamazaki University of Animal Health TechnologyTokyoJapan
| | - Hiroki Kurihara
- Department of Physiological Chemistry and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of TokyoTokyoJapan
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5
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Higashiyama H, Koyabu D, Kurihara H. Evolution of the therian face through complete loss of the premaxilla. Evol Dev 2023; 25:103-118. [PMID: 36017615 DOI: 10.1111/ede.12417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The anatomical framework of the jawbones is highly conserved among most of the Osteichthyes, including the tetrapods. However, our recent study suggested that the premaxilla, the rostralmost upper jaw bone, was rearranged during the evolution of therian mammals, being replaced by the septomaxilla at least in the lateral part. In the present study, to understand more about the process of evolution from the ancestral upper jaw to the therian face, we re-examined the development of the therian premaxilla (incisive bone). By comparing mouse, bat, goat, and cattle fetuses, we confirmed that the therian premaxilla has dual developmental origins, the lateral body and the palatine process. This dual development is widely conserved among the therian mammals. Cell-lineage-tracing experiments using Dlx1-CreERT2 mice revealed that the palatine process arises in the ventral part of the premandibular domain, where the nasopalatine nerve distributes, whereas the lateral body develops from the maxillary prominence in the domain of the maxillary nerve. Through comparative analysis using various tetrapods, we concluded that the palatine process should not be considered part of the ancestral premaxilla. It rather corresponds to the anterior region of the vomerine bone of nonmammalian tetrapods. Thus, the present findings indicate that the true premaxilla was completely lost during the evolution of the therian mammals, resulting in the establishment of the unique therian face as an evolutionary novelty. Reconsideration of the homological framework of the cranial skeleton based on the topographical relationships of the ossification center during embryonic development is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Higashiyama
- Department of Physiological Chemistry and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Koyabu
- Research and Development Center for Precision Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kurihara
- Department of Physiological Chemistry and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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6
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Reissig LF, Geyer SH, Winkler V, Preineder E, Prin F, Wilson R, Galli A, Tudor C, White JK, Mohun TJ, Weninger WJ. Detailed characterizations of cranial nerve anatomy in E14.5 mouse embryos/fetuses and their use as reference for diagnosing subtle, but potentially lethal malformations in mutants. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1006620. [PMID: 36438572 PMCID: PMC9682249 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1006620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Careful phenotype analysis of genetically altered mouse embryos/fetuses is vital for deciphering the function of pre- and perinatally lethal genes. Usually this involves comparing the anatomy of mutants with that of wild types of identical developmental stages. Detailed three dimensional information on regular cranial nerve (CN) anatomy of prenatal mice is very scarce. We therefore set out to provide such information to be used as reference data and selected mutants to demonstrate its potential for diagnosing CN abnormalities. Digital volume data of 152 wild type mice, harvested on embryonic day (E)14.5 and of 18 mutants of the Col4a2, Arid1b, Rpgrip1l and Cc2d2a null lines were examined. The volume data had been created with High Resolution Episcopic Microscopy (HREM) as part of the deciphering the mechanisms of developmental disorders (DMDD) program. Employing volume and surface models, oblique slicing and digital measuring tools, we provide highly detailed anatomic descriptions of the CNs and measurements of the diameter of selected segments. Specifics of the developmental stages of E14.5 mice and anatomic norm variations were acknowledged. Using the provided data as reference enabled us to objectively diagnose CN abnormalities, such as abnormal formation of CN3 (Col4a2), neuroma of the motor portion of CN5 (Arid1b), thinning of CN7 (Rpgrip1l) and abnormal topology of CN12 (Cc2d2a). Although, in a first glimpse perceived as unspectacular, defects of the motor CN5 or CN7, like enlargement or thinning can cause death of newborns, by hindering feeding. Furthermore, abnormal topology of CN12 was recently identified as a highly reliable marker for low penetrating, but potentially lethal defects of the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas F. Reissig
- Division of Anatomy, Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan H. Geyer
- Division of Anatomy, Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Viola Winkler
- Division of Anatomy, Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ester Preineder
- Division of Anatomy, Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Fabrice Prin
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Wolfgang J. Weninger
- Division of Anatomy, Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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7
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Trinajstic K, Long JA, Sanchez S, Boisvert CA, Snitting D, Tafforeau P, Dupret V, Clement AM, Currie PD, Roelofs B, Bevitt JJ, Lee MSY, Ahlberg PE. Exceptional preservation of organs in Devonian placoderms from the Gogo lagerstätte. Science 2022; 377:1311-1314. [DOI: 10.1126/science.abf3289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The origin and early diversification of jawed vertebrates involved major changes to skeletal and soft anatomy. Skeletal transformations can be examined directly by studying fossil stem gnathostomes; however, preservation of soft anatomy is rare. We describe the only known example of a three-dimensionally mineralized heart, thick-walled stomach, and bilobed liver from arthrodire placoderms, stem gnathostomes from the Late Devonian Gogo Formation in Western Australia. The application of synchrotron and neutron microtomography to this material shows evidence of a flat S-shaped heart, which is well separated from the liver and other abdominal organs, and the absence of lungs. Arthrodires thus show the earliest phylogenetic evidence for repositioning of the gnathostome heart associated with the evolution of the complex neck region in jawed vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Trinajstic
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
- Western Australian Museum, Welshpool, WA 6106, Australia
| | - John A. Long
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
- Museum Victoria, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia
| | - Sophie Sanchez
- Department of Organismal Biology, Evolutionary Biology Center, Uppsala University, 75236 Uppsala, Sweden
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Catherine A. Boisvert
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Daniel Snitting
- Department of Organismal Biology, Evolutionary Biology Center, Uppsala University, 75236 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Paul Tafforeau
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Vincent Dupret
- Department of Organismal Biology, Evolutionary Biology Center, Uppsala University, 75236 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Alice M. Clement
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Peter D. Currie
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute and EMBL Australia, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Brett Roelofs
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Joseph J. Bevitt
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia
| | - Michael S. Y. Lee
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
- Earth Sciences Section, South Australian Museum, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Per E. Ahlberg
- Department of Organismal Biology, Evolutionary Biology Center, Uppsala University, 75236 Uppsala, Sweden
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Karemaker JM. The multibranched nerve: vagal function beyond heart rate variability. Biol Psychol 2022; 172:108378. [PMID: 35688294 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2022.108378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
This paper reviews the many functions of the vagus nerve, to understand how they interact in daily life and what might be accomplished by therapeutical electrical stimulation. A short historical introduction on the discovery and name-giving of the cranial nerves numbers 9-12 is followed by an overview of the functions that are under lower brain stem control: heart (rate, contractility), intestine (swallowing, peristalsis and glands secretions, feeling of satiety), lungs (bronchoconstriction, lung-irritant and stretch receptor signaling), blood pressure (by vascular wall stress sensing) and blood gases by specialized receptors. Key in the review is the physiology behind beat-by-beat heart rate variations, how everyday life is reflected in its variability, from exciting moments to quiet sleep, with the 'common faint' or vasovagal collapse as extreme example. Next, the recently proposed role of the vagus nerve in limiting inflammation is discussed. This has led to adoption of an earlier developed technique for epilepsy treatment, i.e., electrical stimulation of one vagus nerve bundle in the neck, but now for immune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis and the scope is even widening to depression and cluster headache. However, the problem in application of whole vagus nerve stimulation is the lack of specificity: there is no way to titrate the stimulation to an observable effect variable. All nerves in the bundle, incoming and outgoing, can be 'hit', leading to side-effects which limit the intended application.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Karemaker
- Location AMC: Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Dept of Medical Biology, section Systems Physiology, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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9
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Square TA, Jandzik D, Massey JL, Romášek M, Stein HP, Hansen AW, Purkayastha A, Cattell MV, Medeiros DM. Evolution of the endothelin pathway drove neural crest cell diversification. Nature 2020; 585:563-568. [PMID: 32939088 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2720-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neural crest cells (NCCs) are migratory, multipotent embryonic cells that are unique to vertebrates and form an array of clade-defining adult features. The evolution of NCCs has been linked to various genomic events, including the evolution of new gene-regulatory networks1,2, the de novo evolution of genes3 and the proliferation of paralogous genes during genome-wide duplication events4. However, conclusive functional evidence linking new and/or duplicated genes to NCC evolution is lacking. Endothelin ligands (Edns) and endothelin receptors (Ednrs) are unique to vertebrates3,5,6, and regulate multiple aspects of NCC development in jawed vertebrates7-10. Here, to test whether the evolution of Edn signalling was a driver of NCC evolution, we used CRISPR-Cas9 mutagenesis11 to disrupt edn, ednr and dlx genes in the sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus. Lampreys are jawless fishes that last shared a common ancestor with modern jawed vertebrates around 500 million years ago12. Thus, comparisons between lampreys and gnathostomes can identify deeply conserved and evolutionarily flexible features of vertebrate development. Using the frog Xenopus laevis to expand gnathostome phylogenetic representation and facilitate side-by-side analyses, we identify ancient and lineage-specific roles for Edn signalling. These findings suggest that Edn signalling was activated in NCCs before duplication of the vertebrate genome. Then, after one or more genome-wide duplications in the vertebrate stem, paralogous Edn pathways functionally diverged, resulting in NCC subpopulations with different Edn signalling requirements. We posit that this new developmental modularity facilitated the independent evolution of NCC derivatives in stem vertebrates. Consistent with this, differences in Edn pathway targets are associated with differences in the oropharyngeal skeleton and autonomic nervous system of lampreys and modern gnathostomes. In summary, our work provides functional genetic evidence linking the origin and duplication of new vertebrate genes with the stepwise evolution of a defining vertebrate novelty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler A Square
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA. .,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - David Jandzik
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA. .,Department of Zoology, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia. .,Department of Zoology, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - James L Massey
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Marek Romášek
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA.,Gymnázium Jiřího Wolkera, Prostějov, Czech Republic
| | - Haley P Stein
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Andrew W Hansen
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Amrita Purkayastha
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Maria V Cattell
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA.,Department of Biology, Metropolitan State University, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Daniel M Medeiros
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA.
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10
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Kusakabe R, Higuchi S, Tanaka M, Kadota M, Nishimura O, Kuratani S. Novel developmental bases for the evolution of hypobranchial muscles in vertebrates. BMC Biol 2020; 18:120. [PMID: 32907560 PMCID: PMC7488077 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-020-00851-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vertebrates are characterized by possession of hypobranchial muscles (HBMs). Cyclostomes, or modern jawless vertebrates, possess a rudimentary and superficial HBM lateral to the pharynx, whereas the HBM in jawed vertebrates is internalized and anteroposteriorly specified. Precursor cells of the HBM, marked by expression of Lbx1, originate from somites and undergo extensive migration before becoming innervated by the hypoglossal nerve. How the complex form of HBM arose in evolution is relevant to the establishment of the vertebrate body plan, but despite having long been assumed to be similar to that of limb muscles, modification of developmental mechanisms of HBM remains enigmatic. RESULTS Here we characterize the expression of Lbx genes in lamprey and hagfish (cyclostomes) and catshark (gnathostome; jawed vertebrates). We show that the expression patterns of the single cyclostome Lbx homologue, Lbx-A, do not resemble the somitic expression of mammalian Lbx1. Disruption of Lbx-A revealed that LjLbx-A is required for the formation of both HBM and body wall muscles, likely due to the insufficient extension of precursor cells rather than to hindered muscle differentiation. Both homologues of Lbx in the catshark were expressed in the somitic muscle primordia, unlike in amniotes. During catshark embryogenesis, Lbx2 is expressed in the caudal HBM as well as in the abdominal rectus muscle, similar to lamprey Lbx-A, whereas Lbx1 marks the rostral HBM and pectoral fin muscle. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that the vertebrate HBM primarily emerged as a specialized somatic muscle to cover the pharynx, and the anterior internalized HBM of the gnathostomes is likely a novelty added rostral to the cyclostome-like HBM, for which duplication and functionalization of Lbx genes would have been a prerequisite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rie Kusakabe
- Laboratory for Evolutionary Morphology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), 2-2-3 Minatojima-minami, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan.
| | - Shinnosuke Higuchi
- Laboratory for Evolutionary Morphology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), 2-2-3 Minatojima-minami, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Masako Tanaka
- Laboratory for Evolutionary Morphology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), 2-2-3 Minatojima-minami, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Mitsutaka Kadota
- Laboratory for Phyloinformatics, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Osamu Nishimura
- Laboratory for Phyloinformatics, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Shigeru Kuratani
- Laboratory for Evolutionary Morphology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), 2-2-3 Minatojima-minami, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan
- Evolutionary Morphology Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research (CPR), Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
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Yokoyama H, Yoshimura M, Suzuki DG, Higashiyama H, Wada H. Development of the lamprey velum and implications for the evolution of the vertebrate jaw. Dev Dyn 2020; 250:88-98. [PMID: 32865292 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The vertebrate jaw is thought to have evolved through developmental modification of the mandibular arch. An extant jawless vertebrate, the lamprey, possesses a structure called "velum"-a mandibular arch derivative-in addition to the oral apparatus. This leads us to assess the velum's possible contribution to the evolution of jaws. RESULTS The velar muscles develop from progenitor cells distinct from those from which the oral muscles develop. In addition, the oral and velar regions originate from the different sub-population of the trigeminal neural crest cells (NCCs): the former region receives NCCs from the midbrain, whereas the latter region receives NCCs from the anterior hindbrain. The expression of patterning genes (eg, DlxA and MsxA) is activated at a later developmental stage in the velum compared to the oral region, and more importantly, in different cells from those in the oral region. CONCLUSION The lamprey mandibular arch consists of two developmental units: the anterior oral unit and the posterior velar unit. Because structural elements of the lamprey velum may be homologous to the jaw, the evolution of vertebrate jaws may have occurred by the velum being released from its functional roles in feeding or respiration in jawless vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromasa Yokoyama
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Miho Yoshimura
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Daichi G Suzuki
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hiroki Higashiyama
- Department of Physiological Chemistry and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Wada
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
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Pombal MA, Megías M. Development and Functional Organization of the Cranial Nerves in Lampreys. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2018; 302:512-539. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.23821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel A. Pombal
- Neurolam Group, Department of Functional Biology and Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology - IBIV; University of Vigo; Vigo, 36310 Spain
| | - Manuel Megías
- Neurolam Group, Department of Functional Biology and Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology - IBIV; University of Vigo; Vigo, 36310 Spain
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Glover JC, Elliott KL, Erives A, Chizhikov VV, Fritzsch B. Wilhelm His' lasting insights into hindbrain and cranial ganglia development and evolution. Dev Biol 2018; 444 Suppl 1:S14-S24. [PMID: 29447907 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Wilhelm His (1831-1904) provided lasting insights into the development of the central and peripheral nervous system using innovative technologies such as the microtome, which he invented. 150 years after his resurrection of the classical germ layer theory of Wolff, von Baer and Remak, his description of the developmental origin of cranial and spinal ganglia from a distinct cell population, now known as the neural crest, has stood the test of time and more recently sparked tremendous advances regarding the molecular development of these important cells. In addition to his 1868 treatise on 'Zwischenstrang' (now neural crest), his work on the development of the human hindbrain published in 1890 provided novel ideas that more than 100 years later form the basis for penetrating molecular investigations of the regionalization of the hindbrain neural tube and of the migration and differentiation of its constituent neuron populations. In the first part of this review we briefly summarize the major discoveries of Wilhelm His and his impact on the field of embryology. In the second part we relate His' observations to current knowledge about the molecular underpinnings of hindbrain development and evolution. We conclude with the proposition, present already in rudimentary form in the writings of His, that a primordial spinal cord-like organization has been molecularly supplemented to generate hindbrain 'neomorphs' such as the cerebellum and the auditory and vestibular nuclei and their associated afferents and sensory organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel C Glover
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Norwegian Center for Stem Cell Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Sars International Centre for Marine Molecular Biology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Karen L Elliott
- Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa, IA 52242, USA
| | - Albert Erives
- Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa, IA 52242, USA
| | - Victor V Chizhikov
- The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Bernd Fritzsch
- Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa, IA 52242, USA.
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Suzuki DG. Two-headed mutants of the lamprey, a basal vertebrate. ZOOLOGICAL LETTERS 2016; 2:22. [PMID: 27891246 PMCID: PMC5112755 DOI: 10.1186/s40851-016-0058-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This is the first report of two-headed (bicephaly) lamprey twins. Although lampreys sit at a crucial phylogenetic position, there are only a few reports on their teratology and developmental abnormalities. RESULTS Two-headed mutants were obtained by artificial fertilization in the laboratory as spontaneous occurrences. All mutants were derived from single fertilizations using single male and female gametes, suggestive of a genetic background. The anterio-posterior position of the axonal bifurcation and symmetricity varied in each mutant. Other malformations were coincidently observed, including pericardial edema, yolk sac edema and axial bending. Asymmetrical (lateral- branched) mutants displayed more severe abnormalities in the cranial nerves than symmetrical mutants. CONCLUSION Two-headed mutants of the lamprey are described. These mutants have similar malformations to dorsal blastopore lip-transplanted lamprey embryos, suggesting that they could be generated by a disorder in head-organizing activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daichi G. Suzuki
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572 Japan
- Nobel Institute for Neurophysiology, Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17177, Stockholm, Sweden
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