1
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An efficient decolorization of methyl orange dye by laccase from Marasmiellus palmivorus immobilized on chitosan-coated magnetic particles. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2020.101859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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2
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Promiscuity of host cell proteins in the purification of histidine tagged recombinant xylanase A by IMAC procedures: A case study with a Ni 2+-tacn-based IMAC system. Protein Expr Purif 2019; 162:51-61. [PMID: 31170454 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2019.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Determination of the extent of host cell protein (HCP) contamination is an essential pre-requisite to validate the chromatographic purification of recombinant proteins. This study explores how different experimental conditions affect the HCP profiles generated during the immobilised metal ion affinity chromatographic (IMAC) purification with a Ni2+-1,4,7-triaza-cyclononane (tacn) Sepharose FF™ sorbent of the Bacillus halodurans N- and C-terminal His6-tagged xylanase A, expressed by Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) cells, and captured directly from cell lysates. Comparative studies were also carried out under identical loading, wash and elution conditions using nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), also immobilised onto an agarose support and complexed with Ni2+ ions. High-resolution tandem mass spectrometry of the tryptic peptides derived from the proteins present in the IMAC flow-through, wash and elution fractions confirmed that the E. coli BL21(DE3) HCP profiles were dependent on the choice of adsorbent. With feedstocks containing the N- or C-terminal His6-tagged xylanase A, in several instances the same E. coli BL21(DE3) HCPs were found to co-elute with the tagged protein from either adsorbent, indicating a preferential ability of some HCPs to bind to both the IMAC resin and to the recombinant protein. This promiscuous behaviour has been found to be due to factors other than just the presence of histidine-rich motifs within the amino acid sequences of these HCPs. This case study demonstrates that the choice of protein expression and separation conditions impact on the levels of HCP contamination when different IMAC systems are employed.
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3
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Bernier SC, Cantin L, Salesse C. Systematic analysis of the expression, solubility and purification of a passenger protein in fusion with different tags. Protein Expr Purif 2018; 152:92-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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4
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Sakai K, Kojiya S, Kamijo J, Tanaka Y, Tanaka K, Maebayashi M, Oh JS, Ito M, Hori M, Shimizu M, Kato M. Oxygen-radical pretreatment promotes cellulose degradation by cellulolytic enzymes. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2017; 10:290. [PMID: 29213329 PMCID: PMC5713004 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-017-0979-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The efficiency of cellulolytic enzymes is important in industrial biorefinery processes, including biofuel production. Chemical methods, such as alkali pretreatment, have been extensively studied and demonstrated as effective for breaking recalcitrant lignocellulose structures. However, these methods have a detrimental effect on the environment. In addition, utilization of these chemicals requires alkali- or acid-resistant equipment and a neutralization step. RESULTS Here, a radical generator based on non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma technology was developed and tested to determine whether oxygen-radical pretreatment enhances cellulolytic activity. Our results showed that the viscosity of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) solutions was reduced in a time-dependent manner by oxygen-radical pretreatment using the radical generator. Compared with non-pretreated CMC, oxygen-radical pretreatment of CMC significantly increased the production of reducing sugars in culture supernatant containing various cellulases from Phanerochaete chrysosporium. The production of reducing sugar from oxygen-radical-pretreated CMC by commercially available cellobiohydrolases I and II was 1.7- and 1.6-fold higher, respectively, than those from non-pretreated and oxygen-gas-pretreated CMC. Moreover, the amount of reducing sugar from oxygen-radical-pretreated wheat straw was 1.8-fold larger than those from non-pretreated and oxygen-gas-pretreated wheat straw. CONCLUSIONS Oxygen-radical pretreatment of CMC and wheat straw enhanced the degradation of cellulose by reducing- and non-reducing-end cellulases in the supernatant of a culture of the white-rot fungus P. chrysosporium. These findings indicated that oxygen-radical pretreatment of plant biomass offers great promise for improvements in lignocellulose-deconstruction processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyota Sakai
- Faculty of Agriculture, Meijo University, Nagoya, Aichi 468-8502 Japan
| | - Saki Kojiya
- Faculty of Agriculture, Meijo University, Nagoya, Aichi 468-8502 Japan
| | - Junya Kamijo
- Faculty of Agriculture, Meijo University, Nagoya, Aichi 468-8502 Japan
| | - Yuta Tanaka
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Meijo University, Nagoya, Aichi 468-8502 Japan
| | - Kenta Tanaka
- Faculty of Agriculture, Meijo University, Nagoya, Aichi 468-8502 Japan
| | | | - Jun-Seok Oh
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Meijo University, Nagoya, Aichi 468-8502 Japan
| | - Masafumi Ito
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Meijo University, Nagoya, Aichi 468-8502 Japan
| | - Masaru Hori
- Institute of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603 Japan
| | - Motoyuki Shimizu
- Faculty of Agriculture, Meijo University, Nagoya, Aichi 468-8502 Japan
| | - Masashi Kato
- Faculty of Agriculture, Meijo University, Nagoya, Aichi 468-8502 Japan
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5
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Blank-Shim SA, Schwaminger SP, Borkowska-Panek M, Anand P, Yamin P, Fraga-García P, Fink K, Wenzel W, Berensmeier S. Binding patterns of homo-peptides on bare magnetic nanoparticles: insights into environmental dependence. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14047. [PMID: 29070786 PMCID: PMC5656586 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13928-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) are intensively investigated for applications in nanomedicine, catalysis and biotechnology, where their interaction with peptides and proteins plays an important role. However, the characterisation of the interaction of individual amino acids with MNP remains challenging. Here, we classify the affinity of 20 amino acid homo-hexamers to unmodified iron oxide nanoparticles using peptide arrays in a variety of conditions as a basis to identify and rationally design selectively binding peptides. The choice of buffer system is shown to strongly influence the availability of peptide binding sites on the MNP surface. We find that under certain buffer conditions peptides of different charges can bind the MNP and that the relative strength of the interactions can be modulated by changing the buffer. We further present a model for the competition between the buffer and the MNP's electrostatically binding to the adsorption sites. Thereby, we demonstrate that the charge distribution on the surface can be used to correlate the binding of positively and negatively charged peptides to the MNP. This analysis enables us to engineer the binding of MNP on peptides and contribute to better understand the bio-nano interactions, a step towards the design of affinity tags for advanced biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia A Blank-Shim
- Bioseparation Engineering Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, 85748, Garching b. München, Germany
| | - Sebastian P Schwaminger
- Bioseparation Engineering Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, 85748, Garching b. München, Germany
| | - Monika Borkowska-Panek
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Priya Anand
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Peyman Yamin
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Paula Fraga-García
- Bioseparation Engineering Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, 85748, Garching b. München, Germany
| | - Karin Fink
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wenzel
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.
| | - Sonja Berensmeier
- Bioseparation Engineering Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, 85748, Garching b. München, Germany.
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6
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Ma FH, An Y, Wang J, Song Y, Liu Y, Shi L. Synthetic Nanochaperones Facilitate Refolding of Denatured Proteins. ACS NANO 2017; 11:10549-10557. [PMID: 28968070 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b05947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The folding process of a protein is inherently error-prone, owing to the large number of possible conformations that a protein chain can adopt. Partially folded or misfolded proteins typically expose hydrophobic surfaces and tend to form dysfunctional protein aggregates. Therefore, materials that can stabilize unfolded proteins and then efficiently assist them refolding to its bioactive form are of significant interest. Inspired by natural chaperonins, we have synthesized a series of polymeric nanochaperones that can facilitate the refolding of denatured proteins with a high recovery efficiency (up to 97%). Such nanochaperones possess phase-separated structure with hydrophobic microdomains on the surface. This structure allows nanochaperones to stabilize denatured proteins by binding them to the hydrophobic microdomains. We have also investigated the mechanism by which nanochaperones assist the protein refolding and established the design principles of nanochaperones in order to achieve effective recovery of a certain protein from their denatured forms. With a carefully designed composition of the microdomains according to the surface properties of the client proteins, the binding affinity between the hydrophobic microdomain and the denatured protein molecules can be tuned precisely, which enables the self-sorting of the polypeptides and the refolding of the proteins into their bioactive states. This work provides a feasible and effective strategy to recover inclusion bodies to their bioactive forms, which has potential to reduce the cost of the manufacture of recombinant proteins significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei-He Ma
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University , Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yingli An
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University , Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jianzu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University , Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yiqing Song
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University , Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University , Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Linqi Shi
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University , Tianjin 300071, China
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7
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Boumaiza M, Chahed H, Ezzine A, Jaouen M, Gianoncelli A, Longhi G, Carmona F, Arosio P, Sari MA, Marzouki MN. Recombinant overexpression of camel hepcidin cDNA in Pichia pastoris: purification and characterization of the polyHis-tagged peptide HepcD-His. J Mol Recognit 2016; 30. [PMID: 27507710 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Hepcidin, a liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide, has been demonstrated to act as an iron regulatory hormone as well as to exert a wide spectrum of antimicrobial activity. The aim of this work was the expression, as secreted peptide, purification, and characterization of a new recombinant polyHis-tagged camel hepcidin (HepcD-His) in yeast Pichia pastoris. The use of this eukaryotic expression system, for the production of HepcD-His, having 6 histidine residues at its C terminus, was simpler and more efficient compared with the use of the prokaryotic system Escherichia coli. Indeed, a single purification step was required to isolate the soluble hepcidin with purity estimated more that 94% and a yield of 2.8 against 0.2 mg/L for the E coli system. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (TOF)/TOF mass spectrometry of the purified HepcD-His showed 2 major peaks at m/z 4524.64 and 4634.56 corresponding to camel hepcidin with 39 and 40 amino acids. Evaluation of disulfide bond connectivity with the Ellman method showed an absence of free thiol groups, testifying that the 8 cysteine residues in the peptide are displayed, forming 4 disulfide bridges. Circular dichroism spectroscopy showed that camel hepcidin structure was significantly modified at high temperature of 90°C and returns to its original structure when incubation temperature drops back to 20°C. Interestingly, this peptide showed also a greater bactericidal activity, at low concentration of 9.5μM, against E coli, than the synthetic analog DH3. Thus, the production, at a large scale, of the recombinant camel hepcidin, HepcD-His, may be helpful for future therapeutic applications including bacterial infection diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Boumaiza
- Laboratoire d'ingénierie des protéines et des molécules bioactives (LIP-MB), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie, Université de Carthage, BP 676, 1080, Tunis Cedex, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Haifa Chahed
- Laboratoire d'ingénierie des protéines et des molécules bioactives (LIP-MB), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie, Université de Carthage, BP 676, 1080, Tunis Cedex, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Aymen Ezzine
- Laboratoire d'ingénierie des protéines et des molécules bioactives (LIP-MB), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie, Université de Carthage, BP 676, 1080, Tunis Cedex, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Maryse Jaouen
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, UMR 8601, Université Paris Descartes, CNRS, 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75270, Paris Cedex 06, Paris, France
| | - Alessandra Gianoncelli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, DMMT, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123, Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giovanna Longhi
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, DMMT, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123, Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Fernando Carmona
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, DMMT, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123, Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Paolo Arosio
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, DMMT, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123, Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Marie-Agnès Sari
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, UMR 8601, Université Paris Descartes, CNRS, 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75270, Paris Cedex 06, Paris, France
| | - Mohamed Nejib Marzouki
- Laboratoire d'ingénierie des protéines et des molécules bioactives (LIP-MB), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie, Université de Carthage, BP 676, 1080, Tunis Cedex, Tunis, Tunisia
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8
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Goswami A, Goldberg SL, Hanson RL, Johnston RM, Lyngberg OK, Chan Y, Lo E, Chan SH, de Mas N, Ramirez A, Doyle R, Ding W, Gao M, Krystek SR, Wan C, Kim YJ, Calambur D, Witmer M, Bryson JW. Biotechnology Based Process for Production of a Disulfide-Bridged Peptide. Bioconjug Chem 2016; 27:1276-84. [PMID: 27098672 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.6b00101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A disulfide-bridged peptide drug development candidate contained two oligopeptide chains with 11 and 12 natural amino acids joined by a disulfide bond at the N-terminal end. An efficient biotechnology based process for the production of the disulfide-bridged peptide was developed. Initially, the two individual oligopeptide chains were prepared separately by designing different fusion proteins and expressing them in recombinant E. coli. Enzymatic or chemical cleavage of the two fusion proteins provided the two individual oligopeptide chains which could be conjugated via disulfide bond by conventional chemical reaction to the disulfide-bridged peptide. A novel heterodimeric system to bring the two oligopeptide chains closer and induce disulfide bond formation was designed by taking advantage of the self-assembly of a leucine zipper system. The heterodimeric approach involved designing fusion proteins with the acidic and basic components of the leucine zipper, additional amino acids to optimize interaction between the individual chains, specific cleavage sites, specific tag to ensure separation, and two individual oligopeptide chains. Computer modeling was used to identify the nature and number of amino acid residue to be inserted between the leucine zipper and oligopeptides for optimum interaction. Cloning and expression in rec E. coli, fermentation, followed by cell disruption resulted in the formation of heterodimeric protein with the interchain disulfide bond. Separation of the desired heterodimeric protein, followed by specific cleavage at methionine by cyanogen bromide provided the disulfide-bridged peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mian Gao
- Discovery, R&D, Bristol-Myers Squibb , Route 206 and Province Line Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Stanley R Krystek
- Discovery, R&D, Bristol-Myers Squibb , Route 206 and Province Line Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Changhong Wan
- Discovery, R&D, Bristol-Myers Squibb , Route 206 and Province Line Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Yeoun Jin Kim
- Discovery, R&D, Bristol-Myers Squibb , Route 206 and Province Line Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Deepa Calambur
- Discovery, R&D, Bristol-Myers Squibb , Route 206 and Province Line Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Mark Witmer
- Discovery, R&D, Bristol-Myers Squibb , Route 206 and Province Line Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - James W Bryson
- Discovery, R&D, Bristol-Myers Squibb , Route 206 and Province Line Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
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9
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Lin CP, Saito K, Boysen RI, Campi EM, Hearn MT. Static and dynamic binding behavior of an IgG2 monoclonal antibody with several new mixed mode affinity adsorbents. Sep Purif Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2016.02.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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10
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Lin CP, Boysen RI, Campi EM, Saito K, Hearn MTW. Studies on the binding sites of IgG2 monoclonal antibodies recognized by terpyridine-based affinity ligands. J Mol Recognit 2016; 29:334-42. [PMID: 26842829 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This investigation has examined the origin of the molecular recognition associated with the interaction of monoclonal IgG2's with terpyridine-based ligands immobilized onto agarose-derived chromatographic adsorbents. Isothermal titration calorimetric (ITC) methods have been employed to acquire thermodynamic data associated with the IgG2-ligand binding. These ITC investigations have documented that different enthalpic and entropic processes are involved depending on the nature of the chemical substituents in the core structure of the terpyridinyl moiety. In addition, molecular docking studies have been carried out with IgG2 structures with the objective to identify possible ligand binding sites and key interacting amino acid residues. These molecular docking experiments with the different terpyridine-based ligands have shown that all of the examined ligands can potentially undergo favorable interactions with a site located within the Fab region of the IgG2. However, another favorable binding site was also identified from the docking poses to exist within the Fc region of the IgG2 for some, but not all, of the ligands studied. These investigations have provided a basis to elucidate the unique binding properties and chromatographic behaviors shown by several substituted terpyridine ligands in their interaction with IgGs of different isotype. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Pei Lin
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Reinhard I Boysen
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Eva M Campi
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Kei Saito
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Milton T W Hearn
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
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11
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Kikot P, Polat A, Achilli E, Fernandez Lahore M, Grasselli M. Immobilized palladium(II) ion affinity chromatography for recovery of recombinant proteins with peptide tags containing histidine and cysteine. J Mol Recognit 2015; 27:659-68. [PMID: 25277090 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Revised: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Fusion of peptide-based tags to recombinant proteins is currently one of the most used tools for protein production. Also, immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography (IMAC) has a huge application in protein purification, especially in research labs. The combination of expression systems of recombinant tagged proteins with this robust chromatographic system has become an efficient and rapid tool to produce milligram-range amounts of proteins. IMAC-Ni(II) columns have become the natural partners of 6xHis-tagged proteins. The Ni(II) ion is considered as the best compromise of selectivity and affinity for purification of a recombinant His-tagged protein. The palladium(II) ion is also able to bind to side chains of amino acids and form ternary complexes with iminodiacetic acid and free amino acids and other sulfur-containing molecules. In this work, we evaluated two different cysteine- and histidine-containing six amino acid tags linked to the N-terminal group of green fluorescent protein (GFP) and studied the adsorption and elution conditions using novel eluents. Both cysteine-containing tagged GFPs were able to bind to IMAC-Pd(II) matrices and eluted successfully using a low concentration of thiourea solution. The IMAC-Ni(II) system reaches less than 20% recovery of the cysteine-containing tagged GFP from a crude homogenate of recombinant Escherichia coli, meanwhile the IMAC-Pd(II) yields a recovery of 45% with a purification factor of 13.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Kikot
- Laboratorio de Materiales Biotecnológicos (LaMaBio), Universidad Nacional de Quilmes-IMBICE (CONICET), Roque Sáenz Peña 352, B1876BXD, Bernal, Argentina
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12
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Mooney JT, Fredericks DP, Christensen T, Bruun Schiødt C, Hearn MTW. N-terminal processing of affinity-tagged recombinant proteins purified by IMAC procedures. J Mol Recognit 2015; 28:401-12. [PMID: 25727088 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Revised: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The ability of a new class of metal binding tags to facilitate the purification of recombinant proteins, exemplified by the tagged glutathione S-transferase and human growth hormone, from Escherichia coli fermentation broths and lysates has been further investigated. These histidine-containing tags exhibit high affinity for borderline metal ions chelated to the immobilised ligand, 1,4,7-triazacyclononane (tacn). The use of this tag-tacn immobilised metal ion affinity chromatography (IMAC) system engenders high selectivity with regard to host cell protein removal and permits facile tag removal from the E. coli-expressed recombinant protein. In particular, these tags were specifically designed to enable their efficient removal by the dipeptidyl aminopeptidase 1 (DAP-1), thus capturing the advantages of high substrate specificity and rates of cleavage. MALDI-TOF MS analysis of the cleaved products from the DAP-1 digestion of the recombinant N-terminally tagged proteins confirmed the complete removal of the tag within 4-12 h under mild experimental conditions. Overall, this study demonstrates that the use of tags specifically designed to target tacn-based IMAC resins offers a comprehensive and flexible approach for the purification of E. coli-expressed recombinant proteins, where complete removal of the tag is an essential prerequisite for subsequent application of the purified native proteins in studies aimed at delineating the molecular and cellular basis of specific biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane T Mooney
- Centre for Green Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Dale P Fredericks
- Centre for Green Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | | | | | - Milton T W Hearn
- Centre for Green Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
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13
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Mooney JT, Fredericks D, Christensen T, Hearn MTW. Removal of cleavage slow points from affinity tags used in the IMAC purification of recombinant proteins. Biotechnol J 2014; 9:1023-32. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201300546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Revised: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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14
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A novel strategy for the purification of a recombinant protein using ceramic fluorapatite-binding peptides as affinity tags. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1339:26-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.02.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Revised: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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15
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Pina AS, Lowe CR, Roque ACA. Challenges and opportunities in the purification of recombinant tagged proteins. Biotechnol Adv 2014; 32:366-81. [PMID: 24334194 PMCID: PMC7125906 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2013.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Revised: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The purification of recombinant proteins by affinity chromatography is one of the most efficient strategies due to the high recovery yields and purity achieved. However, this is dependent on the availability of specific affinity adsorbents for each particular target protein. The diversity of proteins to be purified augments the complexity and number of specific affinity adsorbents needed, and therefore generic platforms for the purification of recombinant proteins are appealing strategies. This justifies why genetically encoded affinity tags became so popular for recombinant protein purification, as these systems only require specific ligands for the capture of the fusion protein through a pre-defined affinity tag tail. There is a wide range of available affinity pairs "tag-ligand" combining biological or structural affinity ligands with the respective binding tags. This review gives a general overview of the well-established "tag-ligand" systems available for fusion protein purification and also explores current unconventional strategies under development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Sofia Pina
- REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; IBET-Instituto de Biologia Experimental Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Christopher R Lowe
- Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, CB2 1QT Cambridge, UK
| | - Ana Cecília A Roque
- REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.
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16
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Purification of a recombinant human growth hormone by an integrated IMAC procedure. Protein Expr Purif 2014; 94:85-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2013.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Revised: 11/01/2013] [Accepted: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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17
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Lilie H, Richter S, Bergelt S, Frost S, Gehle F. Polyionic and cysteine-containing fusion peptides as versatile protein tags. Biol Chem 2014; 394:995-1004. [PMID: 23629522 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2013-0116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In response to advances in proteomics research and the use of proteins in medical and biotechnological applications, recombinant protein production and the design of specific protein characteristics and functions has become a widely used technology. In this context, protein fusion tags have been developed as indispensable tools for protein expression, purification, and the design of functionalized surfaces or artificially bifunctional proteins. Here we summarize how positively or negatively charged polyionic fusion peptides with or without an additional cysteine can be used as protein tags for protein expression and purification, for matrix-assisted refolding of aggregated protein, and for coupling of proteins either to technologically relevant matrices or to other proteins. In this context we used cysteine-containing polyionic fusion peptides for the design of immunotoxins. In general, polyionic fusion tags can be considered as a multifunctional module in protein technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hauke Lilie
- Institut fur Biochemie und Biotechnologie, Martin-Luther-Universit at Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes Strasse 3, D-06120 Halle/Saale, Germany.
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18
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19
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Costa SJ, Coelho E, Franco L, Almeida A, Castro A, Domingues L. The Fh8 tag: a fusion partner for simple and cost-effective protein purification in Escherichia coli. Protein Expr Purif 2013; 92:163-70. [PMID: 24084009 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2013.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Revised: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Downstream processing is still a major bottleneck in recombinant protein production representing most of its costs. Hence, there is a continuing demand of novel and cost-effective purification processes aiming at the recovery of pure and active target protein. In this work, a novel purification methodology is presented, using the Fh8 solubility enhancer tag as fusion handle. The binding properties of Fh8 tag to a hydrophobic matrix were first studied via hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC). The Fh8 tag was then evaluated as a purification handle by its fusion to green fluorescent protein and superoxide dismutase. The purification efficiency of the Fh8-HIC strategy was compared to the immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography (IMAC) using the His6 tag. Results showed that the Fh8-HIC binding mechanism is calcium-dependent in a low salt medium, making the purification process highly selective. Both target proteins were biologically active, even when fused to Fh8, and were successfully purified by HIC, achieving efficiencies identical to those of IMAC. Thus, the Fh8 acts as an effective affinity tag that, together with its previously reported solubility enhancer capability, allows for the design of inexpensive and successful recombinant protein production processes in Escherichia coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia J Costa
- IBB - Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centre of Biological Engineering, Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge (INSARJ), Porto, Portugal
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20
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Patchornik G, Danino D, Kesselman E, Wachtel E, Friedman N, Sheves M. Purification of a membrane protein with conjugated engineered micelles. Bioconjug Chem 2013; 24:1270-5. [PMID: 23758098 DOI: 10.1021/bc400069w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
A novel method for purifying membrane proteins is presented. The approach makes use of engineered micelles composed of a nonionic detergent, β-octylglucoside, and a hydrophobic metal chelator, bathophenanthroline. Via the chelators, the micelles are specifically conjugated, i.e., tethered, in the presence of Fe(2+) ions, thereby forming micellar aggregates which provide the environment for separation of lipid-soluble membrane proteins from water-soluble proteins. The micellar aggregates (here imaged by cryo-transmission electron microscopy) successfully purify the light driven proton pump, bacteriorhodopsin (bR), from E. coli lysate. Purification takes place within 15 min and can be performed both at room temperature and at 4 °C. More than 94% of the water-soluble macromolecules in the lysate are excluded, with recovery yields of the membrane protein ranging between 74% and 85%. Since this approach does not require precipitants, high concentrations of detergent to induce micellar aggregates, high temperature, or changes in pH, it is suggested that it may be applied to the purification of a wide variety of membrane proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy Patchornik
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Ariel University, 70400, Israel.
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21
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Islam T, Bibi NS, Vennapusa RR, Fernandez-Lahore M. Selection of ceramic fluorapatite-binding peptides from a phage display combinatorial peptide library: optimum affinity tags for fluorapatite chromatography. J Mol Recognit 2013; 26:341-50. [DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2012] [Revised: 01/12/2013] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tuhidul Islam
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Engineering and Science; Jacobs University Bremen, Campus Ring 1; 28759; Bremen; Germany
| | - Noor Shad Bibi
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Engineering and Science; Jacobs University Bremen, Campus Ring 1; 28759; Bremen; Germany
| | - Rami Reddy Vennapusa
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Engineering and Science; Jacobs University Bremen, Campus Ring 1; 28759; Bremen; Germany
| | - Marcelo Fernandez-Lahore
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Engineering and Science; Jacobs University Bremen, Campus Ring 1; 28759; Bremen; Germany
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22
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Wang Q, Xue Y, Wu X. Characterization of a novel thermostable chitin-binding domain and its application in immobilization of a multifunctional hemicellulase. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:3074-3081. [PMID: 23470102 DOI: 10.1021/jf3041275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A novel thermostable chitin-binding domain (Tt-ChBD) of chitinase A1 from Thermoanaerobacterium thermosaccharolyticum DSM571 was cloned, characterized, and compared for its binding activity with another mesophilic chitin-binding domain (Bc-ChBD). Recombinant protein with Tt-ChBD exhibits stronger affinity to chitin than those with Bc-ChBD at temperatures from 65 °C to at least 75 °C, but not to other polysaccharides including xylan, chitosan, cellulose, and agarose. For repeated production of xylose from arabinoxylan-containing feedstocks, a best-characterized trifunctional chimeric enzyme Xar-L1-Xyn (XX) constructed in our previous work was attempted to be immobilized on chitin efficiently by genetically fusing Tt-ChBD to the N-terminal region of XX (named CXX) and the C-terminal region of XX (named XXC), respectively. The fusing position of Tt-CBD affected the affinity-binding activity to chitin. Recombinant XX, XXC, and CXX were purified to homogeneity and characterized. According to the xylosidase activities, the optimum temperature and pH profiles of the CXX and XXC both in free and immobilized form were the same as those of XX. However, the thermal and pH stabilities of the immobilized XXC and CXX were both greatly improved in the range from 70 to 90 °C and pH 4.2-8.2. The immobilized multifunctional hemicellulase exhibited high stability to producing xylose for at least 19 or 30 times in continuous operation with the achievement of 60% or 80% conversion yield at temperatures up to 65 °C. These results indicate the usefulness of Tt-ChBD as an affinity tag for the simultaneous purification and immobilization of the enzyme on chitin and the great potential applications for thermophilic enzyme immobilization at higher temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qilei Wang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, GinLing College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China 210097
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23
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Abstract
The rational engineering of proteins is driven by contemporary needs for new and altered biomolecular forms. Utilizing manipulative procedures of molecular biology, it is relatively straightforward to alter protein structure and function to create mutated or fused sequences. We here give an overview of procedures and strategies for site-directed mutagenesis, construction of fusion proteins, and insertion of tags. The design of new protein constructs as well as their over-expression as recombinant products is considered. We also summarize approaches for the engineering of protein complexes by co-expression, a valuable route to generate bioactive multicomponent systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghna Sobti
- Structural and Computational Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, Australia
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24
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Mori Y, Goto M, Kamiya N. Transglutaminase-mediated internal protein labeling with a designed peptide loop. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 410:829-33. [PMID: 21703236 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.06.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2011] [Accepted: 06/09/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Post-translational internal protein labeling was explored through the insertion of a 13-mer peptidyl loop specifically recognized by microbial transglutaminase (MTG). The peptidyl loop included one lysine residue (abbreviated as the K-loop), and was designed and inserted into two different regions of the protein bacterial alkaline phosphatase (BAP). MTG-mediated selective labeling of a lysine residue in the K-loop was achieved with a functional Gln-donor substrate. Internal protein labeling in the vicinity of the active site of BAP (residues 91-93) markedly decreased the activity of the enzyme. Conversely, insertion of the K-loop at a site distal from the active site (residues 219-221) afforded site-specific and covalent internal protein labeling without impairing the activity of the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaro Mori
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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25
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Widakowich G, Zhang C, Harris S, Mitri K, Powers G, Troung KS, Hearn MTW. Effects of IMAC specific peptide tags on the stability of recombinant green fluorescent protein. Biotechnol Prog 2011; 27:1048-53. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2010] [Revised: 07/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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26
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Wu JY, Tsai TY, Liu TT, Lin CC, Chen JH, Yang SC, Shieh CJ, Liu YC. Production of recombinant EGFP via surface display of ice nucleation protein and self-cleavage intein. Biochem Eng J 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2011.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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27
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Tian F, Cziferszky M, Jiao D, Wahlström K, Geng J, Scherman OA. Peptide separation through a CB[8]-mediated supramolecular trap-and-release process. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2011; 27:1387-1390. [PMID: 21194231 DOI: 10.1021/la104346k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a supramolecular peptide separation approach by the selective immobilization of peptides bearing an N-terminal tryptophan onto a CB[8]-modified gold substrate, followed by electrochemical release. The CB[8]-stabilized heteroternary complexes were characterized by (1)H NMR, ESI-MS, UV/vis, and fluorescence spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. Micropatterned CB[8]-modified gold substrates were found to trap only the recognizable N-tryptophan-containing peptides from a peptide mixture that could be visualized as green peptide arrays under fluorescence microscopy. Subsequently, the bound peptides were released from the modified substrates by the controlled single-electron reduction of viologen. The fully reversible trap-and-release process was repeated for 13 cycles, and the cumulative release profile of the dye-peptide conjugate was monitored by fluorescence spectroscopy, indicating that no degradation occurred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Tian
- Melville Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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28
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Abstract
A powerful method to identify binding sites in target genes is chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), which allows the purification of in vivo formed complexes of a DNA-binding protein and associated DNA. Briefly, the method involves the fixation of plant tissue and the isolation of the total protein-DNA mixture, followed by an immunoprecipitation step with an antibody directed against the protein of interest and, subsequently, the DNA can be purified. Finally, the DNA can be analyzed by PCR for the enrichment of specific regions. A drawback of ChIP is that for each protein another antibody is needed. To overcome this, a generic strategy is possible using tags fused to the protein of interest. In this case, only antibody is needed against the tag. This protocol describes the tagging of proteins and how to perform ChIP.
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29
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30
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Mooney JT, Fredericks D, Hearn MTW. Use of phage display methods to identify heptapeptide sequences for use as affinity purification 'tags' with novel chelating ligands in immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1218:92-9. [PMID: 21159343 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.10.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2010] [Revised: 10/22/2010] [Accepted: 10/26/2010] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
This study describes the screening of a peptide phage display library for amino acid sequences that bind with different affinities to a novel class of chelating ligands complexed with Ni²+ ions. These chelating ligands are based on the 1,4,7-triazacyclononane (TACN) structure and have been chosen to allow enhanced efficiency in protein capture and decreased propensity for metal ion leakage in the immobilized metal ion affinity chromatographic (IMAC) purification of recombinant proteins. Utilising high stringency screening conditions, various peptide sequences containing multiple histidine, tryptophan, and/or tyrosine residues were identified amongst the different phage peptide sequences isolated. The structures, and particularly the conserved locations of these key amino acid residues within the selected heptapeptides, form a basis to design specific peptide tags for use with these novel TACN ligands as a new mode of IMAC purification of recombinant proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane T Mooney
- ARC Special Research Centre for Green Chemistry, Building75, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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31
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32
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Ikeda T, Ninomiya KI, Hirota R, Kuroda A. Single-step affinity purification of recombinant proteins using the silica-binding Si-tag as a fusion partner. Protein Expr Purif 2010; 71:91-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2009.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2009] [Revised: 12/16/2009] [Accepted: 12/16/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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33
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Abstract
TAP (tandem affinity purification) allows rapid and clean isolation of a tagged protein along with its interacting partners from cell lysates. Initially developed in yeast, the TAP method has subsequently been adapted to other cells and organisms. In combination with MS analysis, this method has become an indispensable tool for systematic identification of target-associated protein complexes. The key feature of TAP is the use of a dual-affinity tag, which is fused to the protein of interest. The original TAP tag consisted of two IgG-binding units of Protein A of Staphylococcus aureus and the calmodulin-binding peptide. As the technique has been widely exploited, a number of alternative TAP tags based on other affinity handles have been developed. The present review gives an overview of the various tag combinations for TAP with a highlight on those alternatives that result in improved yields or unique features. The information provided should assist in the selection and development of TAP tags for specific applications.
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34
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Narmandakh A, Bearne SL. Purification of recombinant mandelate racemase: Improved catalytic activity. Protein Expr Purif 2010; 69:39-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2009.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2009] [Revised: 06/30/2009] [Accepted: 06/30/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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35
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Bateman E. Expression plasmids and production of EGFP in stably transfected Acanthamoeba. Protein Expr Purif 2009; 70:95-100. [PMID: 19836453 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2009.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2009] [Revised: 10/10/2009] [Accepted: 10/12/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
New plasmids containing the TATA-Binding Protein (TBP), TBP Promoter Binding Factor (TPBF) or Glyceraldehyde Phosphate Dehydrogenase (GAPDH) gene promoters from Acanthamoeba castellanii are described. The promoters for Acanthamoeba TPBF and GAPDH genes were used to drive constitutive expression of enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) in stably transfected Acanthamoeba. Based initially on fluorescence microscopy and SDS-PAGE analysis of EGFP, both promoters produce robust expression of EGFP, with the highest level obtained from the GAPDH gene promoter in cells grown in low concentrations of neomycin G418. Purification of EGFP from lysates of 22-ml cultures by conventional chromatography yielded approximately 1.1mg of EGFP, a value that extrapolates to 50mg per liter of cell culture. The results suggest that Acanthamoeba is a useful cost-effective system for the production of recombinant proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Bateman
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA.
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36
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Kavoosi M, Creagh AL, Turner RFB, Kilburn DG, Haynes CA. Direct measurement of the kinetics of CBM9 fusion-tag bioprocessing using luminescence resonance energy transfer. Biotechnol Prog 2009; 25:874-81. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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37
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Affinity capturing for targeting proteins into micro and nanostructures. Anal Bioanal Chem 2009; 393:1563-70. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-008-2595-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2008] [Revised: 12/19/2008] [Accepted: 12/19/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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38
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Kamiya N, Abe H, Goto M, Tsuji Y, Jikuya H. Fluorescent substrates for covalent protein labeling catalyzed by microbial transglutaminase. Org Biomol Chem 2009; 7:3407-12. [DOI: 10.1039/b904046c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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39
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Ko HW, Edery I. Analyzing the degradation of PERIOD protein by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway in cultured Drosophila cells. Methods Enzymol 2008; 393:394-408. [PMID: 15817301 DOI: 10.1016/s0076-6879(05)93018-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Time-of-day specific changes in the levels of key clock proteins are critical for the normal progression of circadian pacemakers. Evidence indicates a major role for the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway (UPP) in the temporal control of clock protein stability. A conserved feature of animal clocks is that PERIOD (PER) proteins undergo daily rhythms in abundance. The stability of PER proteins is regulated by differential phosphorylation, whereby hyperphosphorylated isoforms are selectively degraded by the UPP. The use of transformed stable cell lines has been instrumental in advancing our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the intersection of the UPP and clock protein metabolism. This article describes several standard methodologies used to analyze the UPP-mediated degradation of Drosophila PER (dPER) expressed in cultured Drosophila cells (Ko et al., 2002). Although this article focuses on dPER as a case study, general issues are discussed that should have broad application to other cell culture-based systems and clock proteins. For example, we discuss (i) advantages?disadvantages of cultured cells, (ii) types of expression vectors and "peptide tags" for recombinant protein production and surveillance, and (iii) standard approaches to determine whether a protein of interest is modified by ubiquitin and degraded by the proteasome. Prior to the discussion on methodologies, the article provides a brief overview of diverse strategies by which clock proteins in a variety of systems are regulated by the UPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyuk Wan Ko
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
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40
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Papakonstantinou T, Harris SJ, Fredericks D, Harrison C, Wallace EM, Hearn MTW. Synthesis, purification and bioactivity of recombinant human activin A expressed in the yeast Pichia pastoris. Protein Expr Purif 2008; 64:131-8. [PMID: 19027859 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2008.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2008] [Revised: 10/05/2008] [Accepted: 10/07/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) superfamily member, activin A, plays a central role in the regulation of multiple physiological processes including cell differentiation, mitogenesis, embryogenesis, apoptosis and inflammation. In normal cells, activin A signalling is regulated to maintain cellular and tissue health and suppress tumour growth. Disruption of activin A signalling has been implicated in tumour formation and progression. Hence, the availability of activin A is an important target for the development of diagnostics and drugs for therapeutic intervention. To this end, we have expressed human activin A in Pichia pastoris, permitting its secretion into culture medium and purification as the mature homodimer. A construct was engineered encoding the monomeric precursor protein with a N-terminal FLAG affinity tag (DYKDDDDK) and a cleavage site (EKR) for Kex2p protease. Procedures for the two-step purification of human activin A by ion-exchange and anti-FLAG antibody affinity chromatography, and for the removal of the FLAG affinity tag from purified recombinant human activin A by enteropeptidase, are described. The molecular weights of the FLAG-tagged and de-tagged human activin A were confirmed by MALDI-TOF mass spectroscopy. The biological activity of these recombinant activins was assessed for their effects on modulating the secretion of Endothelin-1 (ET-1) by human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). The recombinant human activin A containing the intact FLAG tag resulted in a reduced ET-1 secretion from HUVECs, whereas upon removal of this affinity purification tag the purified recombinant human activin A restored ET-1 secretion to levels comparable to the positive control. These results document an approach of considerable potential for the simple, large-scale expression and purification of this important human growth factor for use in diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theo Papakonstantinou
- ARC Special Research Centre for Green Chemistry, Building 75, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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41
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Wang Z, Wu H, Chen J, Zhang J, Yao Y, Chen GQ. A novel self-cleaving phasin tag for purification of recombinant proteins based on hydrophobic polyhydroxyalkanoate nanoparticles. LAB ON A CHIP 2008; 8:1957-1962. [PMID: 18941699 DOI: 10.1039/b807762b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A novel protein purification method was developed using microbial polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) granule-associated protein phasin, a pH-inducible self-cleaving intein and PHA nanoparticles. Genes for the target proteins to be produced and purified were fused to genes of intein and phasin, the genes were jointly over-expressed in vivo, such as in E. coli cells in this study. The fused proteins containing target protein, intein and phasin produced by the recombinant E. coli were released together with all other E. coli proteins via a bacterial lysis process. They were then adsorbed in vitro to the surfaces of the hydrophobic polymer nanoparticles incubated with the cell lysates. The nanoparticles attached with the fused proteins were concentrated via centrifugation. Then, the reasonably purified target protein was released by self-cleavage of intein and separated with nanoparticles by a simple centrifugation process. Using this system, enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP), maltose binding protein (MBP) and beta-galactosidase were successfully purified in their active forms with reasonable yields, respectively, demonstrating the effectiveness and reliability of this purification system. This method allows the production and purification of high value added proteins in a continuous way with low cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Wang
- Multidisciplinary Research Center, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, Guangdong, China
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42
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Chow D, Nunalee ML, Lim DW, Simnick AJ, Chilkoti A. Peptide-based Biopolymers in Biomedicine and Biotechnology. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. R, REPORTS : A REVIEW JOURNAL 2008; 62:125-155. [PMID: 19122836 PMCID: PMC2575411 DOI: 10.1016/j.mser.2008.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Peptides are emerging as a new class of biomaterials due to their unique chemical, physical, and biological properties. The development of peptide-based biomaterials is driven by the convergence of protein engineering and macromolecular self-assembly. This review covers the basic principles, applications, and prospects of peptide-based biomaterials. We focus on both chemically synthesized and genetically encoded peptides, including poly-amino acids, elastin-like polypeptides, silk-like polymers and other biopolymers based on repetitive peptide motifs. Applications of these engineered biomolecules in protein purification, controlled drug delivery, tissue engineering, and biosurface engineering are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Chow
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Box 90281, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0281
- Center for Biologically Inspired Materials and Materials Systems, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Michelle L. Nunalee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Box 90281, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0281
- Center for Biomolecular and Tissue Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Dong Woo Lim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Box 90281, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0281
- Center for Biomolecular and Tissue Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Andrew J. Simnick
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Box 90281, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0281
- Center for Biomolecular and Tissue Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Ashutosh Chilkoti
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Box 90281, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0281
- Center for Biologically Inspired Materials and Materials Systems, Duke University, Durham, NC
- Center for Biomolecular and Tissue Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC
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Zhou M, Fives-Taylor P, Wu H. The utility of affinity-tags for detection of a streptococcal protein from a variety of streptococcal species. J Microbiol Methods 2007; 72:249-56. [PMID: 18201786 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2007.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2007] [Revised: 12/03/2007] [Accepted: 12/10/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
There is no systematic examination of affinity tag utility in Gram-positive bacteria, which limits the investigation of protein function in this important group of bacteria as specific antibodies for many of native proteins are generally not available. In this study, we utilized an E. coli-streptococcal shuttle vector pVT1666 and constructed two sets of expression plasmids pVPT-CTag and pVPT-NTag, with each set containing five affinity tags (GST, GFP, HSV, T7 and Nano) that can be fused to either the C- or N-terminus of a target protein. A putative glycosyltransferase (Gtf2) essential for Fap1 glycosylation was used to demonstrate the utility of the cassettes in detection of Gtf2 fusion proteins, and the biological relevance of the proteins in our working strain Streptococcus parasanguinis. GFP and T7 tags were readily expressed in S. parasanguinis as either an N- or C-terminal fusion to Gtf2. Only the C- terminal fusion of GST and HSV were able to be identified in S. parasanguinis. The Nano tag was not detected in either E. coli or S. parasanguinis. Genetic complementation experiments indicated that all the tagged Gtf2 fusion proteins could restore the Gtf2 function in the null mutant except for the Nano-tagged Gtf2 at its N-terminal fusion. Using a T7-tagged Gtf2 fusion construct, we demonstrated that the fusion cassette is also useful in detection of the fusion tag expression in other streptococci including S. mutans, S. pneumoniae and S. sanguinis. Therefore, the expression cassettes we constructed will be a useful tool not only to investigate protein-protein interactions in Fap1 biogenesis in S. parasanguinis, but also to study protein functions in other gram-positive bacteria in which pVT1666 replicates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meixian Zhou
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294,USA
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44
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Kavoosi M, Lam D, Bryan J, Kilburn DG, Haynes CA. Mechanically stable porous cellulose media for affinity purification of family 9 cellulose-binding module-tagged fusion proteins. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1175:187-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.07.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2007] [Revised: 07/17/2007] [Accepted: 07/23/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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45
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de Folter S, Urbanus SL, van Zuijlen LGC, Kaufmann K, Angenent GC. Tagging of MADS domain proteins for chromatin immunoprecipitation. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2007; 7:47. [PMID: 17868439 PMCID: PMC2071916 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-7-47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2007] [Accepted: 09/14/2007] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most transcription factors fulfill their role in complexes and regulate their target genes upon binding to DNA motifs located in upstream regions or introns. To date, knowledge about transcription factor target genes and their corresponding transcription factor binding sites are still very limited. Two related methods that allow in vivo identification of transcription factor binding sites are chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and chromatin affinity purification (ChAP). For ChAP, the protein of interest is tagged with a peptide or protein, which can be used for affinity purification of the protein-DNA complex and hence, the identification of the target gene. RESULTS Here, we present the results of experiments aiming at the development of a generic tagging approach for the Arabidopsis MADS domain proteins AGAMOUS, SEPALLATA3, and FRUITFULL. For this, Arabidopsis wild type plants were transformed with constructs containing a MADS-box gene fused to either a double Strep-tag II-FLAG-tag, a triple HA-tag, or an eGFP-tag, all under the control of the constitutive double 35S Cauliflower Mosaic Virus (CaMV) promoter. Strikingly, in all cases, the number of transformants with loss-of-function phenotypes was much larger than those with an overexpression phenotype. Using endogenous promoters in stead of the 35S CaMV resulted in a dramatic reduction in the frequency of loss-of-function phenotypes. Furthermore, pleiotropic defects occasionally caused by an overexpression strategy can be overcome by using the native promoter of the gene. Finally, a ChAP result is presented using GFP antibody on plants carrying a genomic fragment of a MADS-box gene fused to GFP. CONCLUSION This study revealed that MADS-box proteins are very sensitive to fusions with small peptide tags and GFP tags. Furthermore, for the expression of chimeric versions of MADS-box genes it is favorable to use the entire genomic region in frame to the tag of choice. Interestingly, though unexpected, it appears that the use of chimeric versions of MADS-box genes under the control of the strong 35S CaMV promoter is a very efficient method to obtain dominant-negative mutants, either caused by cosuppression or by alteration of the activity of the recombinant protein. Finally, we were able to demonstrate AGAMOUS binding to one of its targets by ChAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan de Folter
- Business Unit Bioscience, Plant Research International, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Current address- National Laboratory of Genomics for Biodiversity (Langebio), CINVESTAV-IPN, Campus Guanajuato, Apartado Postal 629, 36500 Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Susan L Urbanus
- Business Unit Bioscience, Plant Research International, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lisette GC van Zuijlen
- Business Unit Bioscience, Plant Research International, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kerstin Kaufmann
- Business Unit Bioscience, Plant Research International, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerco C Angenent
- Business Unit Bioscience, Plant Research International, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
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46
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Kamiya N, Doi S, Tanaka Y, Ichinose H, Goto M. Functional immobilization of recombinant alkaline phosphatases bearing a glutamyl donor substrate peptide of microbial transglutaminase. J Biosci Bioeng 2007; 104:195-9. [DOI: 10.1263/jbb.104.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2007] [Accepted: 06/18/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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47
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Hedhammar M, Hober S. Zbasic—A novel purification tag for efficient protein recovery. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1161:22-8. [PMID: 17570380 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.05.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2006] [Revised: 05/29/2007] [Accepted: 05/30/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A positively charged protein domain, Z(basic), can be used as a general purification tag to achieve efficient recovery of recombinantly produced target proteins using cation-exchange chromatography. To construct a protein domain usable for ion-exchange chromatography, the surface of protein Z was engineered to be highly charged, which allowed for selective capture of target proteins on a cation-exchanger at physiological pH values. Interestingly, the novel domain, denoted Z(basic), was shown to be selective also under denaturing conditions and could preferably be used for purification of proteins solubilised from inclusion bodies. Moreover, a flexible process for solid-phase refolding was developed, using Z(basic) as a reversible linker to the cation-exchanger resin. This procedure has the inherited advantage of combining purification and refolding into a single step and still enabling elution of a concentrated product in a suitable buffer. This article summarizes development and use of the Z(basic) tag in small and pilot-plant-scale downstream processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- My Hedhammar
- Department of Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology, Albanova University Center, Stockholm, Sweden.
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48
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Kavoosi M, Creagh AL, Kilburn DG, Haynes CA. Strategy for selecting and characterizing linker peptides for CBM9-tagged fusion proteins expressed inEscherichia coli. Biotechnol Bioeng 2007; 98:599-610. [PMID: 17394253 DOI: 10.1002/bit.21396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The influence of linker design on fusion protein production and performance was evaluated when a family 9 carbohydrate-binding module (CBM9) serves as the affinity tag for recombinant proteins expressed in Escherichia coli. Two bioinformatic strategies for linker design were applied: the first identifies naturally occurring linkers within the proteome of the host organism, the second involves screening peptidases and their known specificities using the bioinformatics software MEROPS to design an artificial linker resistant to proteolysis within the host. Linkers designed using these strategies were compared against traditional poly-glycine linkers. Although widely used, glycine-rich linkers were found by tandem MS data to be susceptible to hydrolysis by E. coli peptidases. The natural (PT)(x)P and MEROPS-designed S(3)N(10) linkers were significantly more stable, indicating both strategies provide a useful approach to linker design. Factor X(a) processing of the fusion proteins depended strongly on linker chemistry, with poly(G) and S(3)N(10) linkers showing the fastest cleavage rates. Luminescence resonance energy transfer studies, used to measure average distance of separation between GFP and Tb(III) bound to a strong calcium-binding site of CBM9, revealed that, for a given linker chemistry, the separation distance increases with increasing linker length. This increase was particularly large for poly(G) linkers, suggesting that this linker chemistry adopts a hydrated, extended configuration that makes it particularly susceptible to proteolysis. Differential scanning calorimetry studies on the PT linker series showed that fusion of CBM9 to GFP did not alter the T(m) of GFP but did result in a destabilization, as seen by both a decrease in T(m) and DeltaH(cal), of CBM9. The degree of destabilization increased with decreasing length of the (PT)(x)P linker such that DeltaT(m) = -8.4 degrees C for the single P linker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojgan Kavoosi
- Michael Smith Laboratories and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z3
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49
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Chen YIG, Maika SD, Stevens SW. Epitope tagging of proteins at the native chromosomal loci of genes in mice and in cultured vertebrate cells. J Mol Biol 2006; 361:412-9. [PMID: 16859702 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2006.06.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2006] [Revised: 06/16/2006] [Accepted: 06/21/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Adding epitope tags to proteins is an important method for biochemical analyses and is generally accomplished in metazoan cells using ectopically expressed, tagged trans-genes. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the addition of epitope tags to proteins is easily achieved at the genomic locus of a gene of interest due to the high efficiency of homologous recombination in that organism. Most metazoan cells do not exhibit this high homologous recombination efficiency, and therefore trans-genes with in-frame epitope tags are used. Although epitope tagged trans-genes have proven useful, replacing the native promoter with a heterologous promoter introduces numerous artifactual possibilities. These include overexpression, which can lead to promiscuous interactions, and the loss of native transcriptional control, which in live animals often leads to developmental defects and embryonic lethality. We describe an efficient method that overcomes the problems encountered using epitope tagged trans-genes by introducing the epitope tag into the native chromosomal gene locus in vertebrate cells, embryonic stem cells and live mice. These tagged proteins are physically associated with the expected relevant particles, and highly sensitive as shown by co-purification of homologues of the yeast pre-mRNA splicing factors Prp38p and Prp39p, not previously shown to be associated with metazoan snRNPs. These techniques will enhance the validity of conclusions made regarding epitope-tagged proteins and improve our understanding of proteomic dynamics in cultured vertebrate cells and live animals.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Blastocyst/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- Chickens
- Chromosomes/genetics
- Chromosomes/metabolism
- Chromosomes, Mammalian/genetics
- Chromosomes, Mammalian/metabolism
- Cloning, Molecular
- Codon, Terminator
- Epitope Mapping
- Epitopes
- Mice
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- RNA Splicing Factors
- Recombination, Genetic
- Ribonucleoprotein, U1 Small Nuclear/metabolism
- Ribonucleoproteins, Small Nuclear/genetics
- Ribonucleoproteins, Small Nuclear/metabolism
- Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/metabolism
- Stem Cells/metabolism
- Trans-Activators/genetics
- Trans-Activators/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-I G Chen
- Graduate Program in Microbiology, University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station #A4800, 2500 Speedway, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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50
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Hedhammar M, Jung HR, Hober S. Enzymatic cleavage of fusion proteins using immobilised protease 3C. Protein Expr Purif 2006; 47:422-6. [PMID: 16473019 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2006.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2005] [Revised: 12/30/2005] [Accepted: 01/04/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A strategy for efficient cleavage of fusion proteins using an immobilised protease has been developed. Protease 3C from coxsackie virus was recombinantly produced in Escherichia coli and covalently immobilised onto a solid support. Thereafter, Z(basic) tagged fusion proteins, with a specific cleavage sequence between the domains, were flown through the proteolytic column and circulated until complete cleavage. Subsequently, the processed protein solution was applied on a cation exchanger. Thereby, removal of the released, positively charged fusion tag, Z(basic), was done by adsorption to the matrix while the target proteins were recovered in the flow through. Interestingly, the columns were shown to be reusable without any measurable decrease in activity. Moreover, after storage in 4 degrees C for two months the activity was almost unaffected.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hedhammar
- Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Center, Department of Biotechnology, Stockholm, Sweden
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