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Jiang H, Lu C, Wu H, Ding J, Li J, Ding J, Gao Y, Wang G, Luo Q. Decreased cold-inducible RNA-binding protein (CIRP) binding to GluRl on neuronal membranes mediates memory impairment resulting from prolonged hypobaric hypoxia exposure. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e70059. [PMID: 39315498 PMCID: PMC11420629 DOI: 10.1111/cns.70059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2024] [Revised: 08/30/2024] [Accepted: 09/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying memory impairment induced by high-altitude (HA) hypoxia, specifically focusing on the role of cold-inducible RNA-binding protein (CIRP) in regulating the AMPA receptor subunit GluR1 and its potential as a therapeutic target. METHODS A mouse model was exposed to 14 days of hypobaric hypoxia (HH), simulating conditions at an altitude of 6000 m. Behavioral tests were conducted to evaluate memory function. The expression, distribution, and interaction of CIRP with GluR1 in neuronal cells were analyzed. The binding of CIRP to GluR1 mRNA and its impact on GluR1 protein expression were examined. Additionally, the role of CIRP in GluR1 regulation was assessed using Cirp knockout mice. The efficacy of the Tat-C16 peptide, which consists of the Tat sequence combined with the CIRP 110-125 amino acid sequence, was also tested for its ability to mitigate HH-induced memory decline. RESULTS CIRP was primarily localized in neurons, with its expression significantly reduced following HH exposure. This reduction was associated with decreased GluR1 protein expression on the cell membrane and increased localization in the cytoplasm. The interaction between CIRP and GluR1 was diminished under HH conditions, leading to reduced GluR1 stability on the cell membrane and increased cytoplasmic relocation. These changes resulted in a decreased number of synapses and dendritic spines, impairing learning and memory functions. Administration of the Tat-C16 peptide effectively ameliorated these impairments by modulating GluR1 expression and distribution in HH-exposed mice. CONCLUSION CIRP plays a critical role in maintaining synaptic integrity under hypoxic conditions by regulating GluR1 expression and distribution. The Tat-C16 peptide shows promise as a therapeutic strategy for alleviating cognitive decline associated with HA hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Jiang
- Department of Hypoxic BiomedicineInstitute of Special Environmental Medicine and Co‐innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong UniversityNantongChina
- College of High‐Altitude Military MedicineInstitute of Medicine and Hygienic Equipment for High Altitude Region, Army Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Chenyan Lu
- Department of Hypoxic BiomedicineInstitute of Special Environmental Medicine and Co‐innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong UniversityNantongChina
| | - Haoyang Wu
- Department of Hypoxic BiomedicineInstitute of Special Environmental Medicine and Co‐innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong UniversityNantongChina
| | - Jie Ding
- Department of Hypoxic BiomedicineInstitute of Special Environmental Medicine and Co‐innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong UniversityNantongChina
| | - Jiayan Li
- Department of Hypoxic BiomedicineInstitute of Special Environmental Medicine and Co‐innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong UniversityNantongChina
| | - Jianfeng Ding
- Department of Hypoxic BiomedicineInstitute of Special Environmental Medicine and Co‐innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong UniversityNantongChina
| | - Yuqi Gao
- College of High‐Altitude Military MedicineInstitute of Medicine and Hygienic Equipment for High Altitude Region, Army Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine and High‐Altitude Medicine, Ministry of Education of ChinaChongqingChina
| | - Guohua Wang
- Department of Hypoxic BiomedicineInstitute of Special Environmental Medicine and Co‐innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong UniversityNantongChina
| | - Qianqian Luo
- Department of Hypoxic BiomedicineInstitute of Special Environmental Medicine and Co‐innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong UniversityNantongChina
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Bennett AL, Cranford KN, Bates AL, Sabatini CR, Lee HS. A molecular dynamics study of cell-penetrating peptide transportan-10 (TP10): Binding, folding and insertion to transmembrane state in zwitterionic membrane. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2024; 1866:184218. [PMID: 37634858 PMCID: PMC10843101 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2023.184218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Transportan 10 (TP10) is a 21-residue, cationic, α-helical cell-penetrating peptide that can be used as a delivery vector for various bioactive molecules. Based on recent confocal microscopy studies, it is believed that TP10 can translocate across neutral lipid membrane passively, possibly as a monomer, without the formation of permanent pore. Here, we performed extensive molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of TP10W (Y3W variant of TP10) to find the microscopic details of binding, folding and insertion of TP10W to transmembrane state in POPC bilayer. Binding study with CHARMM36 force field showed that TP10W initially binds to the membrane surface in unstructured configuration, but it spontaneously folds into α-helical conformation under the lipid head groups. Further insertion of TP10W, changing from a surface bound state to a vertically oriented transmembrane state, was investigated via umbrella simulations. The resulting free energy profile shows a relatively small barrier between two states, suggesting a possible translocation pathway as a monomer. In fact, unbiased simulation of transmembrane TP10W revealed how a charged Lys side chain can move from one leaflet to the other without a significant free energy cost. Finally, we compared the results of TP10W simulations with those of point mutated variants (TP10W-K12A18 and TP10W-K19L) to understand the effect of charge distribution on the peptide. It was observed that such a conservative mutation can cause noticeable changes in the conformations of both surface bound and transmembrane states. The results of present study will be discussed in relation to the experimentally observed activities of TP10W against neutral membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley L Bennett
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina, Wilmington, NC 28403, United States of America
| | - Kristen N Cranford
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina, Wilmington, NC 28403, United States of America
| | - Austin L Bates
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina, Wilmington, NC 28403, United States of America
| | - Christopher R Sabatini
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina, Wilmington, NC 28403, United States of America
| | - Hee-Seung Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina, Wilmington, NC 28403, United States of America.
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Hashemi M, Ghadyani F, Hasani S, Olyaee Y, Raei B, Khodadadi M, Ziyarani MF, Basti FA, Tavakolpournegari A, Matinahmadi A, Salimimoghadam S, Aref AR, Taheriazam A, Entezari M, Ertas YN. Nanoliposomes for doxorubicin delivery: Reversing drug resistance, stimuli-responsive carriers and clinical translation. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.104112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Khan N, Halcrow PW, Afghah Z, Baral A, Geiger J, Chen X. HIV-1 Tat endocytosis and retention in endolysosomes affects HIV-1 Tat-induced LTR transactivation in astrocytes. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22184. [PMID: 35113458 PMCID: PMC9627655 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101722r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The presence of latent HIV-1 reservoirs in the periphery and brain represents a major obstacle to curing HIV-1 infection. As an essential protein for HIV-1 viral replication, HIV-1 Tat, mostly intracellular, has been implicated in latent HIV-1 infection. From HIV-1 infected cells, HIV-1 Tat is actively secreted and bystander cells uptake the released Tat whereupon it is endocytosed and internalized into endolysosomes. However, to activate the HIV-1 LTR promoter and increase HIV-1 replication, HIV-1 Tat must first escape from the endolysosomes and then enter the nucleus. Here, we tested the hypothesis that HIV-1 Tat can accumulate in endolysosomes and contribute to the activation of latent HIV-1 in astrocytes. Using U87MG astrocytoma cells expressing HIV-1 LTR-driven luciferase and primary human astrocytes we found that exogenous HIV-1 Tat enters endolysosomes, resides in endolysosomes for extended periods of time, and induces endolysosome de-acidification as well as enlargement. The weak base chloroquine promoted the release of HIV-1 Tat from endolysosomes and induced HIV-1 LTR transactivation. Similar results were observed by activating endolysosome Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) and TLR7/8. Conversely, pharmacological block of TLRs and knocking down expression levels of TLR3 and TLR7, but not TLR8, prevented endolysosome leakage and attenuated HIV-1 Tat-mediated HIV-1 LTR transactivation. Our findings suggest that HIV-1 Tat accumulation in endolysosomes may play an important role in controlling HIV-1 transactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabab Khan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences Grand Forks North Dakota USA
| | - Peter W. Halcrow
- Department of Biomedical Sciences University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences Grand Forks North Dakota USA
| | - Zahra Afghah
- Department of Biomedical Sciences University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences Grand Forks North Dakota USA
| | - Aparajita Baral
- Department of Biomedical Sciences University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences Grand Forks North Dakota USA
| | - Jonathan D. Geiger
- Department of Biomedical Sciences University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences Grand Forks North Dakota USA
| | - Xuesong Chen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences Grand Forks North Dakota USA
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Tips and Tools to Understand Direct Membrane Translocation of siRNA-Loaded WRAP-Based Nanoparticles. Methods Mol Biol 2021. [PMID: 34766308 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1752-6_30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Cell-penetrating peptide (CPP)-based approaches are excellent method for delivering cell-impermeable compounds/therapeutics such as proteins, antibodies, antisense oligonucleotides, siRNAs, plasmids, and drugs, as covalently or noncovalently conjugated cargo into cells. Nowadays, it is generally accepted that cellular internalization of these CPP-cargoes or CPP-nanoparticles occur via endocytosis-dependent mechanisms or by direct cell translocation.Here, we describe a subset of biophysical and biological methods which can be used to dissect the internalization mechanism of CPPs. Presented protocols and results were shown for the recently developed siRNA-loaded WRAP-based nanoparticles. The rapid and efficient cell delivery of WRAP encapsulated siRNA could be attributed to the main direct cellular translocation of the nanoparticles even if, to some extent, endocytosis-dependent internalization occurred.Deciphering the internalization mechanism is still an important requirement to understand and to optimize the action mode of CPPs or CPP-based nanoparticles as transfection reagents.
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Synthetic Molecular Evolution of Cell Penetrating Peptides. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2383:73-89. [PMID: 34766283 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1752-6_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
Rational design and optimization of cell penetrating peptides (CPPs) is difficult to accomplish because of the lack of quantitative sequence-structure-function rules describing the activity and because of the complex, poorly understood mechanisms of CPPs. Synthetic molecular evolution is a powerful method to identify gain-of-function cell penetrating peptide variants in this situation. Synthetic molecular evolution requires the design and synthesis of iterative, knowledge-based peptide libraries and the screening of such libraries in complex orthogonal cell-based screens for improved activity. In this chapter, we describe methods for synthesizing powerful combinatorial peptide libraries for synthetic molecular evolution.
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Khan N, Halcrow PW, Lakpa LK, Rehan M, Chen X, Geiger JD. Endolysosome iron restricts Tat-mediated HIV-1 LTR transactivation by increasing HIV-1 Tat oligomerization and β-catenin expression. J Neurovirol 2021; 27:755-773. [PMID: 34550543 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-021-01016-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
HIV-1 transactivator of transcription (Tat) protein is required for HIV-1 replication, and it has been implicated in the pathogenesis of HIV-1-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND). HIV-1 Tat can enter cells via receptor-mediated endocytosis where it can reside in endolysosomes; upon its escape from these acidic organelles, HIV-1 Tat can enter the cytosol and nucleus where it activates the HIV-1 LTR promoter. Although it is known that HIV-1 replication is affected by the iron status of people living with HIV-1 (PLWH), very little is known about how iron affects HIV-1 Tat activation of the HIV-1 LTR promoter. Because HIV-1 proteins de-acidify endolysosomes and endolysosome de-acidification affects subcellular levels and actions of iron, we tested the hypothesis that the endolysosome pool of iron is sufficient to affect Tat-induced HIV-1 LTR transactivation. Ferric (Fe3+) and ferrous (Fe2+) iron both restricted Tat-mediated HIV-1 LTR transactivation. Chelation of endolysosome iron with deferoxamine (DFO) and 2-2 bipyridyl, but not chelation of cytosolic iron with deferiprone and deferasirox, significantly enhanced Tat-mediated HIV-1 LTR transactivation. In the presence of iron, HIV-1 Tat increasingly oligomerized and DFO prevented the oligomerization. DFO also reduced protein expression levels of the HIV-1 restriction agent beta-catenin in the cytosol and nucleus. These findings suggest that DFO increases HIV-1 LTR transactivation by increasing levels of the more active dimeric form of Tat relative to the less active oligomerized form of Tat, increasing the escape of dimeric Tat from endolysosomes, and/or reducing beta-catenin protein expression levels. Thus, intracellular iron might play a significant role in regulating HIV-1 replication, and these findings raise cautionary notes for chelation therapies in PLWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabab Khan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58203, USA
| | - Peter W Halcrow
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58203, USA
| | - Leo K Lakpa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58203, USA
| | - Mohd Rehan
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Xuesong Chen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58203, USA
| | - Jonathan D Geiger
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58203, USA.
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Wang C, Adams SR, Ahrens ET. Emergent Fluorous Molecules and Their Uses in Molecular Imaging. Acc Chem Res 2021; 54:3060-3070. [PMID: 34259521 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.1c00278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
This Account summarizes recent advances in the chemistry of fluorocarbon nanoemulsion (FC NE) functionalization. We describe new families of fluorous molecules, such as chelators, fluorophores, and peptides, that are soluble in FC oils. These materials have helped transform the field of in vivo molecular imaging by enabling sensitive and cell-specific imaging using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET), and fluorescence detection. FC emulsions, historically considered for artificial blood substitutes, are routinely used for ultrasound imaging in clinic and have a proven safety profile and a well-characterized biodistribution and pharmacokinetics. The inertness of fluorocarbons contributes to their low toxicity but makes functionalization difficult. The high electronegativity of fluorine imparts very low cohesive energy density and Lewis basicity to heavily fluorinated compounds, making dissolution of metal ions and organic molecules challenging. Functionalization is further complicated by colloidal instability toward heat and pH, as well as limited availability of biocompatible surfactants.We have devised new fluorous chelators that overcome solubility barriers and are able to bind a range of metal ions with high thermodynamic stability and biocompatibility. NE harboring chelators in the fluorous phase are a powerful platform for the development of multimodal imaging agents. These compositions rapidly capture metal ions added to the aqueous phase, thereby functionalizing NEs in useful ways. For example, Fe3+ encapsulation imparts a strong paramagnetic relaxation effect on 19F T1 that dramatically accelerates 19F MRI data acquisition times and hence sensitivity in cell tracking applications. Alternatively, 89Zr encapsulation creates a sensitive and versatile PET probe for inflammatory macrophage detection. Adding lanthanides, such as Eu3+, renders NE luminescent. Beyond chelators, this Account further covers our progress in formulating NEs with fluorophores, such as cyanine or BODIPY dyes, with their utility demonstrated in fluorescence imaging, biosensing, flow cytometry and histology. Fluorous dyes soluble in FC oils are also key enablers for nascent whole-body imaging technologies such as cryo-fluorescence tomography (CFT). Additionally, fluorous cell-penetrating peptides inserted on the NE surface increase the uptake of NE by ∼8-fold in weakly phagocytic stem cells and lymphocytes used in immunotherapy, resulting in significant leaps in detection sensitivity in vivo.
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Jiang Y, Gai Y, Long Y, Liu Q, Liu C, Zhang Y, Lan X. Application and Evaluation of [ 99mTc]-Labeled Peptide Nucleic Acid Targeting MicroRNA-155 in Breast Cancer Imaging. Mol Imaging 2021; 19:1536012120916124. [PMID: 32559121 PMCID: PMC7307583 DOI: 10.1177/1536012120916124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been reported that dysregulation of microRNA-155 expression and function is associated with tumorigenesis, growth, tumor subtypes, invasion, and poor survival rates. Peptide nucleic acid (PNA), an artificially synthesized nucleic acid mimic, has been applied for molecular diagnosis. In this study, a PNA sequence that undergoes complementary binding to miR-155 was labeled with 99mTc to evaluate whether the tracer could visualize the expression of miR-155 in breast cancer. Both antisense PNA (anti-PNA, fully complementary bound to human mature miR-155, referred to as “anti-PNA-155”) and mismatched PNA (referred to as “mis-PNA”) single strands containing 23-mer were synthesized. The relative expression of miR-155 in MCF-7 cells and tumors was higher than that in MDA-MB-231 cells and tumors. Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) scan showed that radioactivity mainly accumulated in kidney. MCF-7 tumors, but not MDA-MB-231 tumors, were clearly visualized after [99mTc]anti-PNA-155 injection. MCF-7 tumors were less visible when coinjected with 100-fold excess of anti-PNA-155 or injected with [99mTc]mis-PNA, which suggested specific binding. Biodistribution study results were consistent with SPECT imaging. We successfully demonstrated that [99mTc]anti-PNA-155 could visualize miR-155 expression in vivo, suggesting it may be a promising probe applied in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqun Jiang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongkang Gai
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Long
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, China
| | - Qingyao Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, China
| | - Chunbao Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, the Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongxue Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoli Lan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, China
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Mazuryk J, Puchalska I, Koziński K, Ślusarz MJ, Ruczyński J, Rekowski P, Rogujski P, Płatek R, Wiśniewska MB, Piotrowski A, Janus Ł, Skowron PM, Pikuła M, Sachadyn P, Rodziewicz-Motowidło S, Czupryn A, Mucha P. PTD4 Peptide Increases Neural Viability in an In Vitro Model of Acute Ischemic Stroke. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22116086. [PMID: 34200045 PMCID: PMC8200211 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22116086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a disturbance in cerebral blood flow caused by brain tissue ischemia and hypoxia. We optimized a multifactorial in vitro model of acute ischemic stroke using rat primary neural cultures. This model was exploited to investigate the pro-viable activity of cell-penetrating peptides: arginine-rich Tat(49–57)-NH2 (R49KKRRQRRR57-amide) and its less basic analogue, PTD4 (Y47ARAAARQARA57-amide). Our model included glucose deprivation, oxidative stress, lactic acidosis, and excitotoxicity. Neurotoxicity of these peptides was excluded below a concentration of 50 μm, and PTD4-induced pro-survival was more pronounced. Circular dichroism spectroscopy and molecular dynamics (MD) calculations proved potential contribution of the peptide conformational properties to neuroprotection: in MD, Tat(49–57)-NH2 adopted a random coil and polyproline type II helical structure, whereas PTD4 adopted a helical structure. In an aqueous environment, the peptides mostly adopted a random coil conformation (PTD4) or a polyproline type II helical (Tat(49–57)-NH2) structure. In 30% TFE, PTD4 showed a tendency to adopt a helical structure. Overall, the pro-viable activity of PTD4 was not correlated with the arginine content but rather with the peptide’s ability to adopt a helical structure in the membrane-mimicking environment, which enhances its cell membrane permeability. PTD4 may act as a leader sequence in novel drugs for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarosław Mazuryk
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology PAS, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (P.R.); (R.P.); (A.C.)
- Department of Electrode Processes, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence: (J.M.); (P.M.); Tel.: +48-22-343-2094 (J.M.); +48-58-523-5432 (P.M.)
| | - Izabela Puchalska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland; (I.P.); (M.J.Ś.); (J.R.); (P.R.); (P.M.S.); (S.R.-M.)
- Institute of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, 80-172 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Kamil Koziński
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (K.K.); (M.B.W.)
| | - Magdalena J. Ślusarz
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland; (I.P.); (M.J.Ś.); (J.R.); (P.R.); (P.M.S.); (S.R.-M.)
| | - Jarosław Ruczyński
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland; (I.P.); (M.J.Ś.); (J.R.); (P.R.); (P.M.S.); (S.R.-M.)
| | - Piotr Rekowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland; (I.P.); (M.J.Ś.); (J.R.); (P.R.); (P.M.S.); (S.R.-M.)
| | - Piotr Rogujski
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology PAS, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (P.R.); (R.P.); (A.C.)
- NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute PAS, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Rafał Płatek
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology PAS, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (P.R.); (R.P.); (A.C.)
- Laboratory for Regenerative Biotechnology, Gdańsk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Marta Barbara Wiśniewska
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (K.K.); (M.B.W.)
| | - Arkadiusz Piotrowski
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | | | - Piotr M. Skowron
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland; (I.P.); (M.J.Ś.); (J.R.); (P.R.); (P.M.S.); (S.R.-M.)
| | - Michał Pikuła
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Embryology, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Paweł Sachadyn
- Laboratory for Regenerative Biotechnology, Gdańsk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Sylwia Rodziewicz-Motowidło
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland; (I.P.); (M.J.Ś.); (J.R.); (P.R.); (P.M.S.); (S.R.-M.)
| | - Artur Czupryn
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology PAS, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (P.R.); (R.P.); (A.C.)
| | - Piotr Mucha
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland; (I.P.); (M.J.Ś.); (J.R.); (P.R.); (P.M.S.); (S.R.-M.)
- Correspondence: (J.M.); (P.M.); Tel.: +48-22-343-2094 (J.M.); +48-58-523-5432 (P.M.)
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Zhang Y, Wang Y, Meng L, Huang Q, Zhu Y, Cui W, Cheng Y, Liu R. Targeted micelles with chemotherapeutics and gene drugs to inhibit the G1/S and G2/M mitotic cycle of prostate cancer. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:17. [PMID: 33422073 PMCID: PMC7796562 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-020-00756-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemotherapy and gene therapy are used in clinical practice for the treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer. However, the poor efficiency of drug delivery and serious systemic side effects remain an obstacle to wider application of these drugs. Herein, we report newly designed PEO-PCL micelles that were self-assembled and modified by spermine ligand, DCL ligand and TAT peptide to carry docetaxel and anti-nucleostemin siRNA. RESULTS The particle size of the micelles was 42 nm, the zeta potential increased from - 12.8 to 15 mV after grafting with spermine, and the optimal N/P ratio was 25:1. Cellular MTT experiments suggested that introduction of the DCL ligand resulted in high toxicity toward PSMA-positive cells and that the TAT peptide enhanced the effect. The expression of nucleostemin was significantly suppressed in vitro and in vivo, and the tumour-inhibition experiment showed that the dual-drug delivery system suppressed CRPC tumour proliferation. CONCLUSIONS This targeted drug delivery system inhibited the G1/S and G2/M mitotic cycle via synergistic interaction of chemotherapeutics and gene drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Zhang
- Tianjin Institute of Urology & Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, 23 Pingjiang Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300211, People's Republic of China.,Department of Interventional Radiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, No. 600, Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanming Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Haihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan Road, Tianjin, 300353, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Meng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Haihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan Road, Tianjin, 300353, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingqing Huang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Haihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan Road, Tianjin, 300353, People's Republic of China
| | - Yueqi Zhu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, No. 600, Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenguo Cui
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yingsheng Cheng
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, No. 600, Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ranlu Liu
- Tianjin Institute of Urology & Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, 23 Pingjiang Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300211, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Lin Y, Zhou T, Bai R, Xie Y. Chemical approaches for the enhancement of porphyrin skeleton-based photodynamic therapy. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2020; 35:1080-1099. [PMID: 32329382 PMCID: PMC7241559 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2020.1755669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
With the development of photodynamic therapy (PDT), remarkable studies have been conducted to generate photosensitisers (PSs), especially porphyrin PSs. A variety of chemical modifications of the porphyrin skeleton have been introduced to improve cellular delivery, stability, and selectivity for cancerous tissues. This review aims to highlight the developments in porphyrin-based structural modifications, with a specific emphasis on the role of PDT in anticancer treatment and the design of PSs to achieve a synergistic effect on multiple targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyan Lin
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Renren Bai
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xie
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
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13
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Deshayes S, Konate K, Dussot M, Chavey B, Vaissière A, Van TNN, Aldrian G, Padari K, Pooga M, Vivès E, Boisguérin P. Deciphering the internalization mechanism of WRAP:siRNA nanoparticles. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2020; 1862:183252. [PMID: 32135145 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2020.183252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Gene silencing mediated by double-stranded small interfering RNA (siRNA) has been widely investigated as a potential therapeutic approach for a variety of diseases and, indeed, the first therapeutic siRNA was approved by the FDA in 2018. As an alternative to the traditional delivery systems for nucleic acids, peptide-based nanoparticles (PBNs) have been applied successfully for siRNA delivery. Recently, we have developed amphipathic cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs), called WRAP allowing a rapid and efficient siRNA delivery into several cell lines at low doses (20 to 50 nM). In this study, using a highly specific gene silencing system, we aimed to elucidate the cellular uptake mechanism of WRAP:siRNA nanoparticles by combining biophysical, biological, confocal and electron microscopy approaches. We demonstrated that WRAP:siRNA complexes remain fully active in the presence of chemical inhibitors of different endosomal pathways suggesting a direct cell membrane translocation mechanism. Leakage studies on lipid vesicles indicated membrane destabilization properties of the nanoparticles and this was supported by the measurement of WRAP:siRNA internalization in dynamin triple-KO cells. However, we also observed some evidences for an endocytosis-dependent cellular internalization. Indeed, nanoparticles co-localized with transferrin, siRNA silencing was inhibited by the scavenger receptor A inhibitor Poly I and nanoparticles encapsulated in vesicles were observed by electron microscopy in U87 cells. In conclusion, we demonstrate here that the efficiency of WRAP:siRNA nanoparticles is mainly based on the use of multiple internalization mechanisms including direct translocation as well as endocytosis-dependent pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Deshayes
- Centre de Recherche de Biologie cellulaire de Montpellier, CNRS UMR 5237, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Karidia Konate
- Centre de Recherche de Biologie cellulaire de Montpellier, CNRS UMR 5237, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Marion Dussot
- Centre de Recherche de Biologie cellulaire de Montpellier, CNRS UMR 5237, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Bérengère Chavey
- Centre de Recherche de Biologie cellulaire de Montpellier, CNRS UMR 5237, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293, Montpellier Cedex 5, France; Sys2Diag, UMR 9005-CNRS/ALCEDIAG, 1682 Rue de la Valsière, 34184, Montpellier, CEDEX 4, France
| | - Anaïs Vaissière
- Centre de Recherche de Biologie cellulaire de Montpellier, CNRS UMR 5237, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Thi Nhu Ngoc Van
- Sys2Diag, UMR 9005-CNRS/ALCEDIAG, 1682 Rue de la Valsière, 34184, Montpellier, CEDEX 4, France
| | - Gudrun Aldrian
- Sys2Diag, UMR 9005-CNRS/ALCEDIAG, 1682 Rue de la Valsière, 34184, Montpellier, CEDEX 4, France
| | - Kärt Padari
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Riia 23, 51010 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Margus Pooga
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Eric Vivès
- Centre de Recherche de Biologie cellulaire de Montpellier, CNRS UMR 5237, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Prisca Boisguérin
- Centre de Recherche de Biologie cellulaire de Montpellier, CNRS UMR 5237, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293, Montpellier Cedex 5, France.
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14
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Khan N, Halcrow PW, Lakpa KL, Afghah Z, Miller NM, Dowdy SF, Geiger JD, Chen X. Two-pore channels regulate Tat endolysosome escape and Tat-mediated HIV-1 LTR transactivation. FASEB J 2020; 34:4147-4162. [PMID: 31950548 PMCID: PMC7079041 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902534r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
HIV-1 Tat is essential for HIV-1 replication and appears to play an important role in the pathogenesis of HIV-associated neurological complications. Secreted from infected or transfected cells, Tat has the extraordinary ability to cross the plasma membrane. In the brain, Tat can be taken up by CNS cells via receptor-mediated endocytosis. Following endocytosis and its internalization into endolysosomes, Tat must be released in order for it to activate the HIV-1 LTR promoter and facilitate HIV-1 viral replication in the nucleus. However, the underlying mechanisms whereby Tat escapes endolysosomes remain unclear. Because Tat disrupts intracellular calcium homeostasis, we investigated the involvement of calcium in Tat endolysosome escape and subsequent LTR transactivation. We demonstrated that chelating endolysosome calcium with high-affinity rhodamine-dextran or chelating cytosolic calcium with BAPTA-AM attenuated Tat endolysosome escape and LTR transactivation. Significantly, we demonstrated that pharmacologically blocking and knocking down the endolysosome-resident two-pore channels (TPCs) attenuated Tat endolysosome escape and LTR transactivation. This calcium-mediated effect appears to be selective for TPCs because knocking down TRPML1 calcium channels was without effect. Our findings suggest that calcium released from TPCs is involved in Tat endolysosome escape and subsequent LTR transactivation. TPCs might represent a novel therapeutic target against HIV-1 infection and HIV-associated neurological complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabab Khan
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health SciencesGrand ForksNDUSA
| | - Peter W. Halcrow
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health SciencesGrand ForksNDUSA
| | - Koffi L. Lakpa
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health SciencesGrand ForksNDUSA
| | - Zahra Afghah
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health SciencesGrand ForksNDUSA
| | - Nicole M. Miller
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health SciencesGrand ForksNDUSA
| | - Steven F. Dowdy
- Department of Cellular and Molecular MedicineUniversity of California San Diego (UCSD) School of MedicineLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Jonathan D. Geiger
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health SciencesGrand ForksNDUSA
| | - Xuesong Chen
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health SciencesGrand ForksNDUSA
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15
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BK channels regulate extracellular Tat-mediated HIV-1 LTR transactivation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12285. [PMID: 31439883 PMCID: PMC6706582 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48777-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 Tat is essential for HIV-1 replication and plays an important role in latent HIV-1 infection, HIV-1 associated neurological complication, and other HIV-1 comorbidities. Secreted from HIV-1 infected or transfected cells, Tat can be up-taken into cells by receptor-mediated endocytosis and internalized into endolysosomes. To reach nucleus where it can facilitate HIV-1 viral replication, exogenous Tat has to escape the degradation by endolysosomes. Because of findings that endolysosome de-acidification with, for example, the weak-base anti-malarial drug chloroquine prevents exogenous Tat degradation and enhances the amount of Tat available to activate HIV-1 LTR, we hypothesize that acidifying endolysosomes may enhance Tat degradation in endolysosomes and restrict LTR transactivation. Here, we determined the involvement of endolysosome-resident transient receptor potential mucolipin 1 channel (TRPML1) and the big conductance Ca2+-activated potassium (BK) channel in regulating endolysosome pH, as well as Tat-mediated HIV-1 LTR transactivation in U87MG cells stably integrated with HIV-1 LTR luciferase reporter. Activating TRPML1 channels with ML-SA1 acidified endolysosomes and restricted Tat-mediated HIV-1 LTR transactivation. These effects of ML-SA1 appeared to be mediated through activation of BK channels, because the effects of ML-SA1 on Tat-mediated HIV-1 LTR transactivation were blocked using pharmacological inhibitors or shRNA knock-down of BK channels. On the other hand, activating TRPML1 and BK channels enhanced cellular degradation of exogenous Tat. These results suggest that acidifying endolysosomes by activating TRPML1 or BK channels may provide therapeutic benefit against latent HIV-1 infection, HIV-1 associated neurocognitive disorders, and other HIV-1 comorbidities.
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16
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Amphoteric poly(amido amine)s with adjustable balance between transfection efficiency and cytotoxicity for gene delivery. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 175:10-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.11.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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17
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Sun Y, Liu H, Xing H, Lang L, Cheng L, Yang T, Yang L, Ding P. Bioreducible poly(amido amine) copolymers derived from histamine and agmatine for highly efficient gene delivery. POLYM INT 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Sun
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang China
| | - Hui Liu
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang China
| | - Haonan Xing
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang China
| | - Lang Lang
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang China
| | - Lin Cheng
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang China
| | - Tianzhi Yang
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy; Husson University; Bangor ME USA
| | - Li Yang
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang China
| | - Pingtian Ding
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang China
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18
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Campestrini J, Silveira DB, Pinto AR. HIV-1 Tat-induced bystander apoptosis in Jurkat cells involves unfolded protein responses. Cell Biochem Funct 2018; 36:377-386. [DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Campestrini
- Laboratório de Imunologia Aplicada, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia; Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina; Florianópolis SC Brazil
| | - Douglas Bardini Silveira
- Laboratório de Imunologia Aplicada, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia; Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina; Florianópolis SC Brazil
| | - Aguinaldo Roberto Pinto
- Laboratório de Imunologia Aplicada, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia; Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina; Florianópolis SC Brazil
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19
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Burns KE, Delehanty JB. Cellular delivery of doxorubicin mediated by disulfide reduction of a peptide-dendrimer bioconjugate. Int J Pharm 2018; 545:64-73. [PMID: 29709616 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we developed a peptide-dendrimer-drug conjugate system for the pH-triggered direct cytosolic delivery of the cancer chemotherapeutic doxorubicin (DOX) using the pH Low Insertion Peptide (pHLIP). We synthesized a pHLIP-dendrimer-DOX conjugate in which a single copy of pHLIP displayed a generation three dendrimer bearing multiple copies of DOX via disulfide linkages. Biophysical analysis showed that both the dendrimer and a single DOX conjugate inserted into membrane bilayers in a pH-dependent manner. Time-resolved confocal microscopy indicate the single DOX conjugate may undergo a faster rate of membrane translocation, due to greater nuclear localization of DOX at 24 h and 48 h post delivery. At 72 h, however, the levels of DOX nuclear accumulation for both constructs were identical. Cytotoxicity assays revealed that both constructs mediated ∼80% inhibition of cellular proliferation at 10 µM, the dendrimer complex exhibited a 17% greater cytotoxic effect at lower concentrations and greater than three-fold improvement in IC50 over free DOX. Our findings show proof of concept that the dendrimeric display of DOX on the pHLIP carrier (1) facilitates the pH-dependent and temporally-controlled release of DOX to the cytosol, (2) eliminates the endosomal sequestration of the drug cargo, and (3) augments DOX cytotoxicity relative to the free drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly E Burns
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Code 6900, Washington DC 20375, United States; National Research Council, Washington DC 20001, United States
| | - James B Delehanty
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Code 6900, Washington DC 20375, United States.
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20
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Jing Y, Xiong X, Ming Y, Zhao J, Guo X, Yang G, Zhou S. A Multifunctional Micellar Nanoplatform with pH-Triggered Cell Penetration and Nuclear Targeting for Effective Cancer Therapy and Inhibition to Lung Metastasis. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7:e1700974. [PMID: 29334189 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201700974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The enhancement of cellular internalization and subsequent achievement of a nuclear targeting of nanocarriers play an important role in maximizing the therapeutic potency and minimizing the side effects of encapsulated drugs. Herein, a multifunctional micellar nanoplatform simultaneously with high cell penetration and nuclear targeting through pH-triggered surface charge reversal is presented. The miscellar system is constructed from poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(ε-caprolactone) with 2,3-dimethylmaleic anhydride-Tat decoration (PECL/DA-Tat). DA groups are used to mask the positive charge of Tat to prolong blood circulation of the nanocarriers. In the mildly acidic environment of tumor tissue, the system exhibits ultrasensitive negative to positive charge reversal, facilitating the cell internalization and subsequent nuclear targeting. The chemotherapeutic 10-hydroxycamptothecin conjugated to methoxy polyethylene glycol, which is loaded in this micelle, obviously enhances cytotoxicity against tumor cells. The in vivo therapy in mice bearing 4T1 breast tumor reveals that the system has a significant enhancement of both the endocytosis and nuclear enrichment, showing a highly effective antitumor efficacy and inhibition to lung metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Jing
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials; Ministry of Education; School of Materials Science and Engineering; Southwest Jiaotong University; Chengdu 610031 P. R. China
- School of Life Science and Engineering; Southwest Jiaotong University; Chengdu 610031 P. R. China
| | - Xiang Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials; Ministry of Education; School of Materials Science and Engineering; Southwest Jiaotong University; Chengdu 610031 P. R. China
| | - Yang Ming
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials; Ministry of Education; School of Materials Science and Engineering; Southwest Jiaotong University; Chengdu 610031 P. R. China
| | - Jingya Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials; Ministry of Education; School of Materials Science and Engineering; Southwest Jiaotong University; Chengdu 610031 P. R. China
| | - Xing Guo
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials; Ministry of Education; School of Materials Science and Engineering; Southwest Jiaotong University; Chengdu 610031 P. R. China
| | - Guang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials; Ministry of Education; School of Materials Science and Engineering; Southwest Jiaotong University; Chengdu 610031 P. R. China
| | - Shaobing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials; Ministry of Education; School of Materials Science and Engineering; Southwest Jiaotong University; Chengdu 610031 P. R. China
- School of Life Science and Engineering; Southwest Jiaotong University; Chengdu 610031 P. R. China
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21
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Khan N, Datta G, Geiger JD, Chen X. Apolipoprotein E isoform dependently affects Tat-mediated HIV-1 LTR transactivation. J Neuroinflammation 2018; 15:91. [PMID: 29558961 PMCID: PMC5861635 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-018-1129-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) is the major carrier protein that mediates the transport and delivery of cholesterol and other lipids in the brain. Three isoforms of ApoE (ApoE2, ApoE3, ApoE4) exist in humans, and their relative expression levels impact HIV-1 infection, HIV-1/AIDS disease progression, and cognitive decline associated with HIV-1-associated neurocognitive disorder. Because HIV-1 Tat, a viral protein essential for HIV-1 replication, can bind to low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) that controls ApoE uptake in the brain, we determined the extent to which different isoforms of ApoE affected Tat-mediated HIV-1 LTR transactivation. Methods Using U87MG glioblastoma cells expressing LTR-driven luciferase, we determined the extent to which LRP1 as well as ApoE2, ApoE3, and ApoE4 affected Tat-mediated HIV-1 LTR transactivation. Results A specific LRP1 antagonist and siRNA knockdown of LRP1 both restricted significantly Tat-mediated LTR transactivation. Of the three ApoEs, ApoE4 was the least potent and effective at preventing HIV-1 Tat internalization and at decreasing Tat-mediated HIV-1 LTR transactivation. Further, Tat-mediated LTR transactivation was attenuated by an ApoE mimetic peptide, and ApoE4-induced restriction of Tat-mediated LTR transactivation was potentiated by an ApoE4 structure modulator that changes ApoE4 into an ApoE3-like phenotype. Conclusions These findings help explain observed differential effects of ApoEs on HIV-1 infectivity and the prevalence of HAND in people living with HIV-1 infection and suggest that ApoE mimetic peptides and ApoE4 structure modulator might be used as a therapeutic strategy against HIV-1 infection and associated neurocognitive disorders. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12974-018-1129-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabab Khan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 504 Hamline Street, Grand Forks, ND, 58203, USA
| | - Gaurav Datta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 504 Hamline Street, Grand Forks, ND, 58203, USA
| | - Jonathan D Geiger
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 504 Hamline Street, Grand Forks, ND, 58203, USA
| | - Xuesong Chen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 504 Hamline Street, Grand Forks, ND, 58203, USA.
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22
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A New Noncanonical Anionic Peptide That Translocates a Cellular Blood-Brain Barrier Model. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22101753. [PMID: 29057814 PMCID: PMC6151732 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22101753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The capacity to transport therapeutic molecules across the blood–brain barrier (BBB) represents a breakthrough in the development of tools for the treatment of many central nervous system (CNS)-associated diseases. The BBB, while being protective against infectious agents, hinders the brain uptake of many drugs. Hence, finding safe shuttles able to overcome the BBB is of utmost importance. Herein, we identify a new BBB-translocating peptide with unique properties. For years it was thought that cationic sequences were mandatory for a cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) to achieve cellular internalization. Despite being anionic at physiological pH, PepNeg (sequence (SGTQEEY) is an efficient BBB translocator that is able to carry a large cargo (27 kDa), while maintaining BBB integrity. In addition, PepNeg is able to use two distinct methods of translocation, energy-dependent and -independent, suggesting that direct penetration might occur when low concentrations of peptide are presented to cells. The discovery of this new anionic trans-BBB peptide allows the development of new delivery systems to the CNS and contributes to the need to rethink the role of electrostatic attraction in BBB-translocation.
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23
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Moret F, Reddi E. Strategies for optimizing the delivery to tumors of macrocyclic photosensitizers used in photodynamic therapy (PDT). J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2017. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424617300014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
This review briefly summaries the principles and mechanisms of action of photodynamic therapy (PDT) as concerns its application in the oncological field, highlighting its drawbacks and some of the strategies that have been or are being explored to overcome them. The major aim is to increase the efficiency and selectivity of the photosensitizer (PS) uptake in the cancer cells for optimizing the PDT effects on tumors while sparing normal cells. Some attempts to achieve this are based on the conjugation of the PS to biomolecules (small ligands, peptides) functioning as carriers with the ability to efficiently penetrate cells and/or specifically recognize and bind proteins/receptors overexpressed on the surface of cancer cells. Alternatively, the PS can be entrapped in nanocarriers derived from various types of materials that can target the tumor by exploiting the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effects. The use of nanocarriers is particularly attractive because it allows the simultaneous delivery of more than one drug with the possibility of combining PDT with other therapeutic modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Moret
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, via U. Bassi 58/B 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Elena Reddi
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, via U. Bassi 58/B 35121 Padova, Italy
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24
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Knight JC, Koustoulidou S, Cornelissen B. Imaging the DNA damage response with PET and SPECT. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2017; 44:1065-1078. [PMID: 28058462 PMCID: PMC5397662 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-016-3604-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
DNA integrity is constantly challenged by endogenous and exogenous factors that can alter the DNA sequence, leading to mutagenesis, aberrant transcriptional activity, and cytotoxicity. Left unrepaired, damaged DNA can ultimately lead to the development of cancer. To overcome this threat, a series of complex mechanisms collectively known as the DNA damage response (DDR) are able to detect the various types of DNA damage that can occur and stimulate the appropriate repair process. Each DNA damage repair pathway leads to the recruitment, upregulation, or activation of specific proteins within the nucleus, which, in some cases, can represent attractive targets for molecular imaging. Given the well-established involvement of DDR during tumorigenesis and cancer therapy, the ability to monitor these repair processes non-invasively using nuclear imaging techniques may facilitate the earlier detection of cancer and may also assist in monitoring response to DNA damaging treatment. This review article aims to provide an overview of recent efforts to develop PET and SPECT radiotracers for imaging of DNA damage repair proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- James C Knight
- CR-UK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Off Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7LJ, UK
| | - Sofia Koustoulidou
- CR-UK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Off Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7LJ, UK
| | - Bart Cornelissen
- CR-UK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Off Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7LJ, UK.
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25
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Nordin F, Ahmad RNR, Farzaneh F. Transactivator protein: An alternative for delivery of recombinant proteins for safer reprogramming of induced Pluripotent Stem Cell. Virus Res 2017; 235:106-114. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2017.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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26
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Peptide-based strategies for enhanced cell uptake, transcellular transport, and circulation: Mechanisms and challenges. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2017; 110-111:52-64. [PMID: 27313077 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Peptides are emerging as a new tool in drug and gene delivery. Peptide-drug conjugates and peptide-modified drug delivery systems provide new opportunities to avoid macrophage recognition and subsequent phagocytosis, cross endothelial and epithelial barriers, and enter the cytoplasm of target cells. Peptides are relatively small, low-cost, and are stable in a wide range of biological conditions. In this review, we summarize recent work in designing peptides to enhance penetration of biological barriers, increase cell uptake, and avoid the immune system. We highlight recent successes and contradictory results, and outline common emerging concepts and design rules. The development of sequence-structure-function relationships and standard protocols for benchmarking will be a key to progress in the field.
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Sun Y, Xian L, Yu J, Yang T, Zhang J, Yang Z, Jiang J, Cai C, Zhao X, Yang L, Ding P. Structure-Function Correlations of Poly(Amido Amine)s for Gene Delivery. Macromol Biosci 2016; 17. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201600297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 08/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Sun
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang 110016 China
| | - Lei Xian
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang 110016 China
| | - Jiankun Yu
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang 110016 China
| | - Tianzhi Yang
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences; School of Pharmacy; Husson University; Bangor ME 04401-2929 USA
| | - Jinmin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang 110016 China
| | - Zhen Yang
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang 110016 China
| | - Jingzheng Jiang
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang 110016 China
| | - Cuifang Cai
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang 110016 China
| | - Xiaoyun Zhao
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology; School of life Science and Biopharmaceutics; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang 110016 China
| | - Li Yang
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang 110016 China
| | - Pingtian Ding
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang 110016 China
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Cromm PM, Spiegel J, Küchler P, Dietrich L, Kriegesmann J, Wendt M, Goody RS, Waldmann H, Grossmann TN. Protease-Resistant and Cell-Permeable Double-Stapled Peptides Targeting the Rab8a GTPase. ACS Chem Biol 2016; 11:2375-82. [PMID: 27336832 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.6b00386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Small GTPases comprise a family of highly relevant targets in chemical biology and medicinal chemistry research and have been considered "undruggable" due to the persisting lack of effective synthetic modulators and suitable binding pockets. As molecular switches, small GTPases control a multitude of pivotal cellular functions, and their dysregulation is associated with many human diseases such as various forms of cancer. Rab-GTPases represent the largest subfamily of small GTPases and are master regulators of vesicular transport interacting with various proteins via flat and extensive protein-protein interactions (PPIs). The only reported synthetic inhibitor of a PPI involving an activated Rab GTPase is the hydrocarbon stapled peptide StRIP3. However, this macrocyclic peptide shows low proteolytic stability and cell permeability. Here, we report the design of a bioavailable StRIP3 analogue that harbors two hydrophobic cross-links and exhibits increased binding affinity, combined with robust cellular uptake and extremely high proteolytic stability. Localization experiments reveal that this double-stapled peptide and its target protein Rab8a accumulate in the same cellular compartments. The reported approach offers a strategy for the implementation of biostability into conformationally constrained peptides while supporting cellular uptake and target affinity, thereby conveying drug-like properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp M. Cromm
- Department
of Chemical Biology, Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany
- Technische Universität Dortmund, Fakultät
für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany
- Chemical Genomics Centre of the Max Planck Society, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 15, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Jochen Spiegel
- Department
of Chemical Biology, Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany
- Technische Universität Dortmund, Fakultät
für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany
- Chemical Genomics Centre of the Max Planck Society, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 15, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Philipp Küchler
- Department
of Chemical Biology, Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany
- Technische Universität Dortmund, Fakultät
für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Laura Dietrich
- Technische Universität Dortmund, Fakultät
für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany
- Chemical Genomics Centre of the Max Planck Society, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 15, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Julia Kriegesmann
- Technische Universität Dortmund, Fakultät
für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany
- Chemical Genomics Centre of the Max Planck Society, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 15, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany
- VU University Amsterdam, Department of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mathias Wendt
- Technische Universität Dortmund, Fakultät
für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany
- Chemical Genomics Centre of the Max Planck Society, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 15, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany
- VU University Amsterdam, Department of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Roger S. Goody
- Structural
Biochemistry, Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse
11, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Herbert Waldmann
- Department
of Chemical Biology, Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany
- Technische Universität Dortmund, Fakultät
für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Tom N. Grossmann
- Technische Universität Dortmund, Fakultät
für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany
- Chemical Genomics Centre of the Max Planck Society, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 15, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany
- VU University Amsterdam, Department of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Zhang D, Wang J, Xu D. Cell-penetrating peptides as noninvasive transmembrane vectors for the development of novel multifunctional drug-delivery systems. J Control Release 2016; 229:130-139. [PMID: 26993425 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Unique characteristics, such as nontoxicity and rapid cellular internalization, allow the cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) to transport hydrophilic macromolecules into cells, thus, enabling them to execute biological functions. However, some CPPs have limitations due to nonspecificity and easy proteolysis. To overcome such defects, the CPP amino acid sequence can be modified, replaced, and reconstructed for optimization. CPPs can also be used in combination with other drug vectors, fused with their preponderances to create novel multifunctional drug-delivery systems that increase the stability during blood circulation, and also develop novel preparations capable of targeted delivery, along with sustainable and controllable release. Further improvements in CPP structure can facilitate the penetration of macromolecules into diverse biomembrane structures, such as the blood brain barrier, gastroenteric mucosa, and skin dermis. The ability of CPP to act as transmembrane vectors improves the clinical application of some biomolecules to treat central nervous system diseases, increase oral bioavailability, and develop percutaneous-delivery dosage form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, PR China; Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, PR China
| | - Jiaxi Wang
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, PR China
| | - Donggang Xu
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, PR China; Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, PR China.
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30
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Dhawan V, Magarkar A, Joshi G, Makhija D, Jain A, Shah J, Reddy BVV, Krishnapriya M, Róg T, Bunker A, Jagtap A, Nagarsenker M. Stearylated cycloarginine nanosystems for intracellular delivery – simulations, formulation and proof of concept. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra16432c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel cationic agent liposomes performed better in silico translating in higher cellular uptake with reduced toxicity.
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31
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Kauffman WB, Fuselier T, He J, Wimley WC. Mechanism Matters: A Taxonomy of Cell Penetrating Peptides. Trends Biochem Sci 2015; 40:749-764. [PMID: 26545486 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Revised: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The permeability barrier imposed by cellular membranes limits the access of exogenous compounds to the interior of cells. Researchers and patients alike would benefit from efficient methods for intracellular delivery of a wide range of membrane-impermeant molecules, including biochemically active small molecules, imaging agents, peptides, peptide nucleic acids, proteins, RNA, DNA, and nanoparticles. There has been a sustained effort to exploit cell penetrating peptides (CPPs) for the delivery of such useful cargoes in vitro and in vivo because of their biocompatibility, ease of synthesis, and controllable physical chemistry. Here, we discuss the many mechanisms by which CPPs can function, and describe a taxonomy of mechanisms that could be help organize future efforts in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Berkeley Kauffman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Taylor Fuselier
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Jing He
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - William C Wimley
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
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32
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Hao X, Yan Q, Zhao J, Wang W, Huang Y, Chen Y. TAT Modification of Alpha-Helical Anticancer Peptides to Improve Specificity and Efficacy. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138911. [PMID: 26405806 PMCID: PMC4583266 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
HPRP-A1 is an amphipathic α-helical anticancer peptide (ACP) derived from the N-terminus of ribosomal protein L1 (RpL1) of Helicobacter pylori. In our previously study, HPRP-A1 has been reported that induced HeLa cell apoptosis in a caspase-dependent approach and involved both by the death receptor ‘extrinsic’ pathway and the mitochondria ‘intrinsic’ pathway. Here we report the construction of a new hybrid peptide, HPRP-A1-TAT, comprising the cell-permeating peptide TAT linked to the C-terminus of HPRP-A1. This peptide exhibits higher anticancer activity against HeLa cells with lower toxicity against human RBC than HPRP-A1. Two FITC-labeled peptides, FITC-HPRP-A1 and FITC-HPRP-A1-TAT, were used to investigate and compare the cellular uptake mechanism using fluorescence spectra and flow cytometry. Compared with HPRP-A1, HPRP-A1-TAT quickly crossed cell, entered the cytoplasm via endocytosis, and disrupted the cell membrane integrity. HPRP-A1-TAT exhibited stronger anticancer activity than HPRP-A1 at the same concentration by increasing early apoptosis of HeLa cells and inducing caspase activity. Notably, after 24 h, the cellular concentration of HPRP-A1-TAT was higher than that of HPRP-A1. This result suggests that TAT protects HPRP-A1 against degradation, likely due to its high number of positively charged amino acids or the further release of peptides into cancer cells from endocytotic vesicles. We believe that this TAT modification approach may provide an effective new strategy for improving the therapeutic index and anticancer activity of ACPs for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyu Hao
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Qiuyan Yan
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wenren Wang
- Changchun ProteLight Pharmaceutical & Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Changchun, China
| | - Yibing Huang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- * E-mail: (YH); (YC)
| | - Yuxin Chen
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- * E-mail: (YH); (YC)
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33
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Brugnano J, Ward BC, Panitch A. Cell penetrating peptides can exert biological activity: a review. Biomol Concepts 2015; 1:109-16. [PMID: 25961990 DOI: 10.1515/bmc.2010.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell penetrating peptides (CPPs) have been successful in delivering cargo into many different cell types and are an important alternative to other methods of permeation that might damage the integrity of the cell membrane. The traditional view of CPPs is that they are inert molecules that can be successfully used to deliver many cargos intracellularly. The goal of this review is to challenge this traditional understanding of CPPs. Recent literature has demonstrated that CPPs themselves can convey biological activity, including the alteration of gene expression and inhibition of protein kinases and proteolytic activity. Further characterization of CPPs is required to determine the extent of this activity. Research into the use of CPPs for intracellular delivery should continue with investigators being aware of these recent results.
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34
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A Heparan Sulfate-Binding Cell Penetrating Peptide for Tumor Targeting and Migration Inhibition. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:237969. [PMID: 26064887 PMCID: PMC4433633 DOI: 10.1155/2015/237969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Revised: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
As heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) are known as co-receptors to interact with numerous growth factors and then modulate downstream biological activities, overexpression of HS/HSPG on cell surface acts as an increasingly reliable prognostic factor in tumor progression. Cell penetrating peptides (CPPs) are short-chain peptides developed as functionalized vectors for delivery approaches of impermeable agents. On cell surface negatively charged HS provides the initial attachment of basic CPPs by electrostatic interaction, leading to multiple cellular effects. Here a functional peptide (CPPecp) has been identified from critical HS binding region in hRNase3, a unique RNase family member with in vitro antitumor activity. In this study we analyze a set of HS-binding CPPs derived from natural proteins including CPPecp. In addition to cellular binding and internalization, CPPecp demonstrated multiple functions including strong binding activity to tumor cell surface with higher HS expression, significant inhibitory effects on cancer cell migration, and suppression of angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, different from conventional highly basic CPPs, CPPecp facilitated magnetic nanoparticle to selectively target tumor site in vivo. Therefore, CPPecp could engage its capacity to be developed as biomaterials for diagnostic imaging agent, therapeutic supplement, or functionalized vector for drug delivery.
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35
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Traboulsi H, Larkin H, Bonin MA, Volkov L, Lavoie CL, Marsault É. Macrocyclic Cell Penetrating Peptides: A Study of Structure-Penetration Properties. Bioconjug Chem 2015; 26:405-11. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.5b00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Traboulsi
- Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Department of Pharmacology
and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences and ‡Biophotonics Core
Facility, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H
5N4, Canada
| | - Heidi Larkin
- Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Department of Pharmacology
and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences and ‡Biophotonics Core
Facility, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H
5N4, Canada
| | - Marc-André Bonin
- Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Department of Pharmacology
and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences and ‡Biophotonics Core
Facility, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H
5N4, Canada
| | - Leonid Volkov
- Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Department of Pharmacology
and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences and ‡Biophotonics Core
Facility, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H
5N4, Canada
| | - Christine L. Lavoie
- Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Department of Pharmacology
and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences and ‡Biophotonics Core
Facility, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H
5N4, Canada
| | - Éric Marsault
- Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Department of Pharmacology
and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences and ‡Biophotonics Core
Facility, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H
5N4, Canada
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36
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Jobin ML, Alves ID. On the importance of electrostatic interactions between cell penetrating peptides and membranes: A pathway toward tumor cell selectivity? Biochimie 2014; 107 Pt A:154-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2014.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/26/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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37
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Kim SM, Chae MK, Lee C, Yim MS, Bang JK, Ryu EK. Enhanced cellular uptake of a TAT-conjugated peptide inhibitor targeting the polo-box domain of polo-like kinase 1. Amino Acids 2014; 46:2595-603. [PMID: 25151148 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-014-1798-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In the last decade, drug delivery systems using biologically active molecules for cellular uptake of therapeutic targets have been studied for application and testing in clinical trials. For instance, the transactivator of transcription (TAT) peptide, or cell-penetrating peptide, was shown to deliver a variety of cargoes, including proteins, peptides, and nucleic acids. Polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) plays key roles in the regulation of cell cycle events (e.g., mitotic progression). Plk1 was also shown to be activated and highly expressed in proliferating cells such as tumor cells. Amongst these phosphopeptides, Pro-Leu-His-Ser-p-Thr (PLHSpT), which is the minimal sequence for polo-box domain (PBD) binding, was shown to have an inhibitory effect and to induce apoptotic cell death. However, the phosphopeptide showed low cell membrane penetration. Thus, in our study, we synthesized Plk1 inhibitor TAT-PLHSpT to improve agent internalization into cells. TAT-PLHSpT was shown to internalize into the nucleus. The conjugation of TAT with PLHSpT inhibited cancer cell growth and survival. Moreover, it showed an increase in cellular uptake and inhibition of Plk1 kinase activity. Further studies are needed for biological evaluation of the new peptide in tumor-bearing animal models (in vivo). Our results prove that TAT-PLHSpT is a good candidate for specific PBD binding of Plk1 as a therapeutic agent for humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Min Kim
- Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, 804-1 Ochang, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 363-883, Republic of Korea
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Yang XX, Hou XN, Xu B, Hao X, Jiang GJ, Fan TJ. Cell-penetrating peptide delivery of biologically active oct4 protein into cultured Takifugu rubripes spermary cells. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2014; 85:1369-1380. [PMID: 25199543 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.12487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Continuous cell culture of a puffer fish Takifugu rubripes has been established for efficient delivery of exogenous genes or proteins to cultured fish cells. Transcription factor oct4 was chosen for transduction into cultured fish cells because of its conserved structure and function between fish and mammals. In this work, the T. rubripes oct4 gene was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli as a recombinant protein by introducing cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) poly-arginine (11R) and 6His-tag at the C-terminus. After purification, recombinant proteins were added to the growth medium and incubated with T. rubripes spermary cells. Recombinant proteins that crossed the cell membrane were detected in the cytoplasm and nucleus by western blot and immunofluorescent observation. The function of transduced oct4 as a transcription factor in fish cells was confirmed by driving green fluorescent protein expression in the pEGFP-1 reporter construct with the conserved specific oct4-binding sequence from mouse Mus musculus. Taken together, 11R can be an efficient CPP in delivering fusion proteins to cultured fish cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- X X Yang
- Department of Marine Biology, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
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39
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Cohen-Avrahami M, Shames AI, Ottaviani MF, Aserin A, Garti N. HIV-TAT Enhances the Transdermal Delivery of NSAID Drugs from Liquid Crystalline Mesophases. J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:6277-87. [DOI: 10.1021/jp412739p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marganit Cohen-Avrahami
- Casali
Institute of Applied Chemistry, The Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Alexander I. Shames
- Department
of Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 653, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - M. Francesca Ottaviani
- Department
of Earth, Life and Environment Sciences, University of Urbino, Località
Crocicchia, Urbino 61029, Italy
| | - Abraham Aserin
- Casali
Institute of Applied Chemistry, The Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Nissim Garti
- Casali
Institute of Applied Chemistry, The Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
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40
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Zhu Y, Cheng L, Cheng L, Huang F, Hu Q, Li L, Tian C, Wei L, Chen D. Folate and TAT peptide co-modified liposomes exhibit receptor-dependent highly efficient intracellular transport of payload in vitro and in vivo. Pharm Res 2014; 31:3289-303. [PMID: 24858397 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-014-1418-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Using different chain lengths of PEG as linkers to develop a novel folate (FA) and TAT peptide co-modified doxorubicin (DOX)-loaded liposome (FA/TAT-LP-DOX) and evaluate its potential for tumor targeted intracellular drug delivery. METHODS FA/TAT-LP-DOX was prepared by pH gradient method and post-insertion method and the optimal ligand density was screened by MTT assay. In vitro evaluation was systematically performed through cytotoxicity assay, cellular uptake studies, subcellular localization and cellular uptake mechanism in folate receptor (FR) over-expressing KB tumor cells. In vivo tumor targeted delivery of FA/TAT-LP-DOX was also studied by in vivo fluorescence imaging in a murine KB xenograft model. RESULTS The particle size and zeta potential determination indicated that FA and TAT were successfully inserted into the liposome and cationic TAT peptide was completely shielded. With the optimal ligand density (5% of FA and 2.5% TAT), the FA/TAT-LP-DOX exhibited improved cytotoxity and cellular uptake efficiency compared with its single-ligand counterparts (FA-LP-DOX and PEG/TAT-LP-DOX). Competitive inhibition and uptake mechanism experiments revealed that FA and TAT peptide played a synergistic effect in facilitating intracellular transport of the liposome, and association between FA and FA receptors activated this transport process. In vivo imaging further demonstrated the superiority of FA/TAT-LP in tumor targeting and accumulation. CONCLUSIONS Folate and TAT peptide co-modified liposome using different chain lengths of PEG as linkers may provide a useful strategy for specific and efficient intracellular drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqin Zhu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, China
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Tsumuraya T, Matsushita M. COPA and SLC4A4 are required for cellular entry of arginine-rich peptides. PLoS One 2014; 9:e86639. [PMID: 24489756 PMCID: PMC3904941 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) have gained attention as promising tools to enable the delivery of various molecules in a non-invasive manner. Among the CPPs, TAT and poly-arginine have been extensively utilized in numerous studies for the delivery of functional proteins, peptides, and macromolecules to analyze cellular signaling. However, the molecular mechanisms of cellular entry remain largely unknown. Here, we applied siRNA library screening to identify the regulatory genes for the cellular entry of poly-arginine peptide based on microscopic observation of the entry of fluorescent peptides in siRNA-treated cells. In this screening, we identified the cell membrane gene SLC4A4 and the trafficking regulator gene COPA, which also plays an important role in early endosome maturation. These results demonstrated that cellular entry of poly-arginine requires at least two different steps, probably binding on the cell surface and endosomal entry. The identification of genes for cellular entry of poly-arginine provides insights into its mechanisms and should further aid in the development of highly efficient cell-penetrating peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Tsumuraya
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Masayuki Matsushita
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
- * E-mail:
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42
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Brugnano J, McMasters J, Panitch A. Characterization of endocytic uptake of MK2-inhibitor peptides. J Pept Sci 2013; 19:629-38. [PMID: 24014473 DOI: 10.1002/psc.2541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Revised: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cell penetrating peptides (CPP) have been widely used to increase the cellular delivery of their associated cargo. Multiple modes of uptake have been identified; however, they cannot be predicted a priori. Elucidating these mechanisms is important for understanding peptide function as well as further optimizing cellular delivery. We have developed a class of mitogen activated protein kinase activated protein kinase 2 (MK2) inhibitor peptides, named FAK and YARA that utilize CPP domains to gain cellular access. In this study, we investigate the mechanism of endocytosis of these MK2 inhibitors by examining the uptake of fluorescently labeled peptide in human monocyte (THP-1) and mesothelial cells, and looking for colocalization with known markers of endocytosis. Our results indicate that uptake of the MK2 inhibitors was minimally enhanced by the addition of the fluorescent label, and that the type of endocytosis used by the inhibitor depends on several factors including concentration, cell type, and which CPP was used. We found that in THP-1 cells, the uptake of YARA occurred primarily via macropinocytosis, whereas FAK entered via all three mechanisms of endocytosis examined in this study. In mesothelial cells, uptake of YARA occurred via caveolae-mediated endocytosis, but became less specific at higher concentrations; whereas uptake of FAK occurred through clathrin-mediated endocytosis. In all cases, the delivery resulted in active inhibition of MK2. In summary, the results support endocytic uptake of fluorescently labeled FAK and YARA in two different cell lines, with the mechanism of uptake dependent on extracellular concentration, cell type, and choice of CPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie Brugnano
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, 206 S. Martin Jischke Drive, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
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43
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Chen Y, Wang M, Fang L. Biomaterials as novel penetration enhancers for transdermal and dermal drug delivery systems. Drug Deliv 2013; 20:199-209. [DOI: 10.3109/10717544.2013.801533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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44
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Gopal V. Bioinspired peptides as versatile nucleic acid delivery platforms. J Control Release 2013; 167:323-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Revised: 02/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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45
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Gu Y, Sun W, Wang G, Zimmermann MT, Jernigan RL, Fang N. Revealing rotational modes of functionalized gold nanorods on live cell membranes. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2013; 9:785-792. [PMID: 23124917 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201201808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2012] [Revised: 10/11/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A full understanding of cell mechanics requires knowledge of both translational and rotational dynamics. The single particle orientation and rotational tracking (SPORT) technique is combined here with correlation analysis to identify the fundamental rotational modes: in-plane rotation and out-of-plane tilting, as well as other more complex rotational patterns, from the vast image data captured at a temporal resolution of 5 ms for single gold nanorod probes in live cell imaging experiments. The unique capabilities of visualizing and understanding rotational motions of functional nanoparticles on live cell membranes allow correlation of the rotational and translational dynamics in unprecedented detail and provide new insights into complex membrane processes. Particles with functionalized surfaces, which interact with the membrane in fundamentally different ways, can exhibit distinct rotational modes and are, for the first time, directly visualized, and these show the early events for membrane approach and attachment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Gu
- Ames Laboratory, US Department of Energy and Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-3111, USA
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Cierniewski CS, Sobierajska K, Selmi A, Kryczka J, Bednarek R. Thymosin β4 is rapidly internalized by cells and does not induce intracellular Ca2+ elevation. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2013; 1269:44-52. [PMID: 23045969 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2012.06685.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Thymosin β4 (Tβ4) is a multifunctional protein that has pleiotropic activities both intracellularly and extracellularly. The mechanisms by which it influences cellular processes such as adhesion, migration, differentiation, or apoptosis are not yet understood. Calcium is a ubiquitous signal molecule that is involved in the regulation of almost all cellular functions. Our data indicate that the release of Ca(2+) from intracellular stores following stimulation of cells with Tβ4 does not occur. Interestingly, Tβ4 becomes rapidly internalized, supporting the concept that it may express its activities via intracellular receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Czeslaw S Cierniewski
- Department of Molecular and Medical Biophysics, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
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Drappier C, Oliveira H, Sandre O, Ibarboure E, Combet S, Garanger E, Lecommandoux S. Self-assembled core–shell micelles from peptide-b-polymer molecular chimeras towards structure–activity relationships. Faraday Discuss 2013; 166:83-100. [DOI: 10.1039/c3fd00098b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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48
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Opitz AW, Czymmek KJ, Wickstrom E, Wagner NJ. Uptake, efflux, and mass transfer coefficient of fluorescent PAMAM dendrimers into pancreatic cancer cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2012; 1828:294-301. [PMID: 23022133 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2012.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2012] [Revised: 08/25/2012] [Accepted: 09/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Targeted delivery of imaging agents to cells can be optimized with the understanding of uptake and efflux rates. Cellular uptake of macromolecules is studied frequently with fluorescent probes. We hypothesized that the internalization and efflux of fluorescently labeled macromolecules into and out of mammalian cells could be quantified by confocal microscopy to determine the rate of uptake and efflux, from which the mass transfer coefficient is calculated. The cellular influx and efflux of a third generation poly(amido amine) (PAMAM) dendrimer labeled with an Alexa Fluor 555 dye was measured in Capan-1 pancreatic cancer cells using confocal fluorescence microscopy. The Capan-1 cells were also labeled with 5-chloromethylfluorescein diacetate (CMFDA) green cell tracker dye to delineate cellular boundaries. A dilution curve of the fluorescently labeled PAMAM dendrimer enabled quantification of the concentration of dendrimer in the cell. A simple mass transfer model described the uptake and efflux behavior of the PAMAM dendrimer. The effective mass transfer coefficient was found to be 0.054±0.043μm/min, which corresponds to a rate constant of 0.035±0.023min(-1) for uptake of the PAMAM dendrimer into the Capan-1 cells. The effective mass transfer coefficient was shown to predict the efflux behavior of the PAMAM dendrimer from the cell if the fraction of labeled dendrimer undergoing non-specific binding is accounted for. This work introduces a novel method to quantify the mass transfer behavior of fluorescently labeled macromolecules into mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armin W Opitz
- Center for Molecular and Engineering Thermodynamics, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
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Braun K, Beining M, Wiessler M, Lammers T, Pipkorn R, Hennrich U, Nokihara K, Semmler W, Debus J, Waldeck W. BioShuttle mobility in living cells studied with high-resolution FCS & CLSM methodologies. Int J Med Sci 2012; 9:339-52. [PMID: 22811608 PMCID: PMC3399214 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.4414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2012] [Accepted: 06/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
With the increase in molecular diagnostics and patient-specific therapeutic approaches, the delivery and targeting of imaging molecules and pharmacologically active agents gain increasing importance. The ideal delivery system does not exist yet. The realization of two features is indispensable: first, a locally high concentration of target-specific diagnostic and therapeutic molecules; second, the broad development of effective and safe carrier systems. Here we characterize the transport properties of the peptide-based BioShuttle transporter using FFM and CLSM methods. The modular design of BioShuttle-based formulations results in a multi-faceted field of applications, also as a theranostic tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Braun
- Dept. of Imaging and Radiooncology, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg, Germany.
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50
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A protein transduction method using oligo-arginine (3R) for the delivery of transcription factors into cell nuclei. Biomaterials 2012; 33:4665-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.02.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2011] [Accepted: 02/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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