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Yoshino Y, Fujii Y, Chihara K, Nakae A, Enmi JI, Yoshioka Y, Miyawaki I. Comparison of 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy and blood biochemistry as methods for monitoring non-diffuse hepatic steatosis in a rat model. Toxicol Rep 2023; 10:481-486. [PMID: 37179768 PMCID: PMC10172911 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2023.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
No method of monitoring drug-induced hepatic steatosis has been established, which is a concern in drug development. Hepatic steatosis is divided into diffuse and non-diffuse forms according to the pattern of fat deposition. Diffuse hepatic steatosis was reported as evaluable by 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS), which is used as an adjunct to the MRI examination. Blood biomarkers for hepatic steatosis have been also actively investigated. However, there are few reports to conduct 1H-MRS or blood test in human or animal non-diffuse hepatic steatosis with reference to histopathology. Therefore, to investigate whether non-diffuse hepatic steatosis can be monitored by 1H-MRS and/or blood samples, we compared histopathology to 1H-MRS and blood biochemistry in a non-diffuse hepatic steatosis rat model. Non-diffuse hepatic steatosis was induced by feeding rats the methionine choline deficient diet (MCDD) for 15 days. The evaluation sites of 1H-MRS and histopathological examination were three hepatic lobes in each animal. The hepatic fat fraction (HFF) and the hepatic fat area ratio (HFAR) were calculated from 1H-MRS spectra and digital histopathological images, respectively. Blood biochemistry analyses included triglycerides, total cholesterol, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase. A strong correlation was found between HFFs and HFARs in each hepatic lobe (r = 0.78, p < 0.0001) in rats fed the MCDD. On the other hand, no correlation was found between blood biochemistry values and HFARs. This study showed that 1H-MRS parameters correlated with histopathological changes but blood biochemistry parameters didn't, so that it is suggested that 1H-MRS has the potential to be a monitoring method for non-diffuse hepatic steatosis in rats fed the MCDD. Given that 1H-MRS is commonly used in preclinical and clinical studies, 1H-MRS should be considered a candidate method for monitoring drug-induced hepatic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Yoshino
- Preclinical Research Unit, Sumitomo Pharma Co., Ltd., 3–1-98 Kasugade-naka, Konohana-ku, Osaka 554–0022, Japan
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, 1–3 Yamadaoka, Suita city, Osaka 565–0871, Japan
- Correspondence to: D.V.M., Preclinical Research Unit, Sumitomo Pharma Co., Ltd., 3–1-98 Kasugade-naka, Konohana-ku, Osaka 554–0022, Japan.
| | - Yuta Fujii
- Preclinical Research Unit, Sumitomo Pharma Co., Ltd., 3–1-98 Kasugade-naka, Konohana-ku, Osaka 554–0022, Japan
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, 1–3 Yamadaoka, Suita city, Osaka 565–0871, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Chihara
- Preclinical Research Unit, Sumitomo Pharma Co., Ltd., 3–1-98 Kasugade-naka, Konohana-ku, Osaka 554–0022, Japan
| | - Aya Nakae
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, 1–3 Yamadaoka, Suita city, Osaka 565–0871, Japan
- Center for Information and Neural Networks (CiNet), Osaka University and National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT), 1–4 Yamadaoka, Suita city, Osaka 565–0871, Japan
| | - Jun-ichiro Enmi
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, 1–3 Yamadaoka, Suita city, Osaka 565–0871, Japan
- Center for Information and Neural Networks (CiNet), Osaka University and National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT), 1–4 Yamadaoka, Suita city, Osaka 565–0871, Japan
| | - Yoshichika Yoshioka
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, 1–3 Yamadaoka, Suita city, Osaka 565–0871, Japan
- Center for Information and Neural Networks (CiNet), Osaka University and National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT), 1–4 Yamadaoka, Suita city, Osaka 565–0871, Japan
| | - Izuru Miyawaki
- Preclinical Research Unit, Sumitomo Pharma Co., Ltd., 3–1-98 Kasugade-naka, Konohana-ku, Osaka 554–0022, Japan
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Bae JS, Lee JY, Lee DH, Kim H, Lee Y, Han JK. Quantitative Evaluation of Hepatic Steatosis Using Normalized Local Variance in a Rat Model: Comparison with Histopathology as the Reference Standard. Korean J Radiol 2020; 20:1399-1407. [PMID: 31464118 PMCID: PMC6715566 DOI: 10.3348/kjr.2019.0068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the diagnostic performance of the normalized local variance (NLV) ultrasound technique in the assessment of hepatic steatosis, and to identify the factors that influence the NLV value using histopathological examination as the reference standard. Materials and Methods Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a methionine-choline-deficient diet for variable periods (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, or 12 days or 2, 3, or 4 weeks; four rats per group). At the end of each diet duration, magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and NLV examination were performed. Thereafter, the rats were sacrificed and their livers were histopathologically evaluated. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to assess the diagnostic capability of the NLV value in the detection of varying degrees of hepatic steatosis. Univariate and multivariate linear regressions were used to determine the factors associated with the NLV value. Results The areas under the ROC curve for the detection of mild, moderate, and severe hepatic steatosis were 0.953, 0.896, and 0.735, respectively. The NLV value showed comparable diagnostic performance to that of MRS in the detection of ≥ mild or ≥ moderate hepatic steatosis. Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that the degree of hepatic steatosis was the only significant factor affecting the NLV value (p < 0.001). Conclusion The NLV value of ultrasound demonstrated satisfactory diagnostic performance in the assessment of varying degrees of hepatic steatosis. The degree of hepatic steatosis was the only significant factor that affected the NLV value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Seok Bae
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Young Lee
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Institute of Radiation Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Dong Ho Lee
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Haeryoung Kim
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Youngeun Lee
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joon Koo Han
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Institute of Radiation Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea
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Lee DH, Lee JY, Park MS, Han JK. Non-invasive monitoring of hepatic steatosis via acoustic structure quantification of ultrasonography with MR spectroscopy as the reference standard. Ultrasonography 2019; 39:70-78. [PMID: 31639886 PMCID: PMC6920624 DOI: 10.14366/usg.19002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to prospectively evaluate whether monitoring hepatic steatosis by ultrasonography with acoustic structure quantification (ASQ) is feasible, using magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) as the reference standard. Methods Thirty-six patients with suspected fatty liver disease underwent both untrasonography with ASQ and MRS on the same day. After a mean follow-up period of 11.4±2.5 months, follow-up ultrasonography with ASQ and MRS were performed on 27 patients to evaluate whether hepatic steatosis had improved. The focal disturbance (FD) ratio, as calculated using ASQ, and the hepatic fat fraction (HFF), estimated by MRS, were obtained at both initial and follow-up examinations. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated to assess the correlations between ordinal values. Results The FD ratio showed a strong, negative linear correlation with the HFF after logarithmic transformation of both variables from the initial examinations of 36 patients (ρ=-0.888, P<0.001) and the follow-up examinations of 27 patients (ρ=-0.920, P<0.001). There was also a significant, negative linear correlation between the change in the logarithm of the FD ratio and the change in the logarithm of the HFF by MRS over the follow-up period (ρ=-0.645, P<0.001). In 16 patients with an increased FD ratio on follow-up, the HFF on follow-up MRS significantly decreased, and high-density lipoprotein levels significantly increased, whereas low-density lipoprotein levels tended to decrease. Conclusion The FD ratio was significantly correlated with the HFF at both the initial and follow-up examinations, and there was also a significant correlation between changes in the FD ratio and changes in the HFF over the follow-up period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Ho Lee
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Young Lee
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Institute of Radiation Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min Sun Park
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joon Koo Han
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Institute of Radiation Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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Chicca FD, Schwarz A, Meier D, Grest P, Liesegang A, Kircher PR. Non-invasive quantification of hepatic fat content in healthy dogs by using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy and dual gradient echo magnetic resonance imaging. J Vet Sci 2018; 19:570-576. [PMID: 29486536 PMCID: PMC6070598 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2018.19.4.570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to describe two non-invasive methods for fat quantification in normal canine liver by using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and spectroscopy. Eleven adult beagle dogs were anesthetized and underwent magnetic resonance examination of the cranial abdomen by performing morphologic, modified Dixon (mDixon) dual gradient echo sequence, and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) imaging. In addition, ultrasonographic liver examination was performed, fine-needle liver aspirates and liver biopsies were obtained, and hepatic triglyceride content was assayed. Ultrasonographic, cytologic, and histologic examination results were unremarkable in all cases. The median hepatic fat fraction calculated was 2.1% (range, 1.3%-5.5%) using mDixon, 0.3% (range, 0.1%-1.0%) using 1H MRS, and 1.6% (range 1.0%-2.5%) based on triglyceride content. The hepatic fat fractions calculated using mDixon and 1H MRS imaging were highly correlated to that based on triglyceride content. A weak correlation between mDixon and 1H MRS imaging was detected. The results show that hepatic fat content can be estimated using non-invasive techniques (mDixon or 1H MRS) in healthy dogs. Further studies are warranted to evaluate the use of these techniques in dogs with varying hepatic fat content and different hepatic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Del Chicca
- Clinic of Diagnostic Imaging, Equine Department, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.,Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Schwarz
- Section of Anesthesiology, Equine Department, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dieter Meier
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.,Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zurich), 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Paula Grest
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Annette Liesegang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Patrick R Kircher
- Clinic of Diagnostic Imaging, Equine Department, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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Cao Q, Xu S, Li S, Chen M, Sun X, Wan Y, Pi L, Ying Z, Ren B. Quantification of Hepatic Lipid Using 7.0T Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Computed Tomography in Mild Alcoholic Steatotic Mice. JOURNAL OF LIVER 2018; 7. [PMID: 30906674 PMCID: PMC6428077 DOI: 10.4172/2167-0889.1000234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background: In vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) has been used to semi-quantify hepatic lipids in preclinical and clinical studies of fatty liver disease. Quantifying absolute amount of liver lipids utilizing 1H MRS and computerized tomography (CT) is essential to accurately interpret hepatic steatosis. Purpose: To establish reliable parameters to convert relative hepatic lipid levels obtained by 1H-MRS and liver volumes by CT to the absolute amount of liver lipids in a mild hepatic steatosis, and to determinate the correlation between these absolute liver lipids with liver triglyceride (TG) and cholesterol (Chol) measured by biochemistry assays. Methods: Mild steatosis was induced in mice by a 3 week ethanol diet containing standard lipids. Evaporated liver water was measured after baking liver tissues and volume of liver was measured using water displacement. 1H MRS semiquantitation of hepatic lipids and CT measurement of liver volume were performed and then used to calculate amount of liver lipids. These data were compared with liver TG and Chol. Results: Percentage of liver water and liver density were persistent in two groups and were used to convert the percentage of liver lipids to liver water by 1H-MRS to the absolute amount of liver lipids per gram of liver or per milliliter of CT volume. Using 1H-MRS and biochemical assays, an increase of liver lipids was confirmed in mild steatosis mice compared to controls (P<0.01). The amounts of imaging detected liver lipids were strongly correlated to liver TG and Chol measured by biochemical assays in mild steatosis mice. Conclusion: 1H MRS and CT liver imaging techniques are able to quantify absolute hepatic lipid levels utilizing relative persistent parameters percentage of liver water and liver density in a preclinical mild steatosis setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Cao
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Su Xu
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Shujing Li
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Radiology, The first affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei province, PR China
| | - Minjie Chen
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Xicui Sun
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yamin Wan
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan province, PR China
| | - Liya Pi
- Department of Pediatrics in the College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Zhekang Ying
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Bin Ren
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Alabama, USA
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Lee DH, Lee JY, Lee KB, Han JK. Evaluation of Hepatic Steatosis by Using Acoustic Structure Quantification US in a Rat Model: Comparison with Pathologic Examination and MR Spectroscopy. Radiology 2017; 285:445-453. [DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2017161923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Ho Lee
- From the Department of Radiology (D.H.L., J.Y.L., J.K.H.), Institute of Radiation Medicine (J.Y.L., J.K.H.), and Department of Pathology (K.B.L.), Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehangno, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-744, Korea
| | - Jae Young Lee
- From the Department of Radiology (D.H.L., J.Y.L., J.K.H.), Institute of Radiation Medicine (J.Y.L., J.K.H.), and Department of Pathology (K.B.L.), Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehangno, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-744, Korea
| | - Kyung Bun Lee
- From the Department of Radiology (D.H.L., J.Y.L., J.K.H.), Institute of Radiation Medicine (J.Y.L., J.K.H.), and Department of Pathology (K.B.L.), Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehangno, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-744, Korea
| | - Joon Koo Han
- From the Department of Radiology (D.H.L., J.Y.L., J.K.H.), Institute of Radiation Medicine (J.Y.L., J.K.H.), and Department of Pathology (K.B.L.), Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehangno, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-744, Korea
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Bhat V, Velandai S, Belliappa V, Illayraja J, Halli KG, Gopalakrishnan G. Quantification of Liver Fat with mDIXON Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Comparison with the Computed Tomography and the Biopsy. J Clin Diagn Res 2017; 11:TC06-TC10. [PMID: 28892997 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2017/26317.10234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Accurate, non-invasive method of fat estimation is a valuable test for evaluation of diseases with abnormal hepatic fat. AIM To determine the accuracy of mDixon MR technique in assessment of liver fat over CT and to correlate the CT and MRI findings with biopsy. MATERIALS AND METHODS A prospective observational study was conducted at Imaging Services of Narayana Multispeciality Hospital between March 2011- December 2012. Thirty patients who attended the clinic for non-hepatic complaints were included in the study. Patients with known liver disease, cirrhosis, alcoholic liver disease, bleeding diathesis and claustrophobic patients were excluded from the study. Subjects underwent sonography, CT liver and MR examination of liver for fat estimation using mDixon protocol. Biopsy of the liver was performed either by image guidance or by direct biopsy. Liver Attenuation Index (LAI), fat estimation by MR methods were reviewed independently by two observers and compared with biopsy results. The statistical analysis was performed by SPSS. Pearson correlation was used to find the correlation between the left and right lobe of liver segments by CT and histological correlation. RESULTS There was good correlation between the MR estimation of liver fat and histological grading. Majority (90%) of patients had fat content of less than 10%. Maximal fat content of 28% was observed in one patient. LAI values poorly correlated with the MRI and histological observations. CONCLUSION MR estimation of the liver using mDixon technique yielded specific information about liver fat, correlated well with the histological grading. Technique is more accurate than CT, does not involve ionising radiation, hence recommended as method of choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkatraman Bhat
- Senior Consultant, Department of Radiology, Narayana Health, Shaw Mazumdar Medical Center, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Sundararaman Velandai
- Senior Scientist, Department of Medical Imaging, Philips Inovation Campus, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Vikram Belliappa
- Senior Consultant, Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Narayana Health, Shaw Mazumdar Medical Center, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Jeyeram Illayraja
- Biostatistician, Department of Medical Research, Narayana Health, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Karthik Gadabana Halli
- Consultant, Department of Radiology, Narayana Health, Shaw Mazumdar Medical Center, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Gayathri Gopalakrishnan
- Senior Consultant, Department of Medical Gastroenterology, Narayana Health, Shaw Mazumdar Medical Center, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Morikawa H, Mano K, Horinaka H, Matsunaka T, Matsumoto Y, Ida T, Kawaguchi Y, Wada K, Kawada N. Development of non-invasive method for assessment of hepatic steatosis. ULTRASONICS 2016; 72:195-200. [PMID: 27567038 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2016.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Steatosis is a critical feature of liver disease and is considered to play a pivotal role in the progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, as well as being a surrogate marker of metabolic syndrome. The purpose of this study was to develop a non-invasive diagnostic method for assessment of liver steatosis. It is well known that ultrasonic velocity depends on materials and temperature. For example, the ultrasonic velocity in water is 1530m/s at 37°C and 1534m/s at 39°C, while that in fat is 1412m/s at 37°C and 1402m/s at 39°C. On this basis, we thought that the percentage of fat in hepatic steatosis could be assessed by detecting changes of ultrasonic in the liver, caused by warming. In order to confirm the effectiveness of this method, we obtained the ultrasonic velocity changes of tissue phantom including lard oil and the liver of living rabbit by ultrasonic warming, and then succeeded in 2-D imaging of ultrasonic velocity changes of the phantom and the liver of living rabbit. We named this the ultrasonic velocity-change method. The experimental results show the possibility that hepatic steatosis could be characterized using our novel, non-invasive method.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Morikawa
- Department of Premier Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan.
| | - K Mano
- Department of Physics and Electronics, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Japan
| | - H Horinaka
- Department of Physics and Electronics, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Japan
| | - T Matsunaka
- Department of Physics and Electronics, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Japan
| | - Y Matsumoto
- Graduate School of Human Life Science, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - T Ida
- Advantest Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - K Wada
- Department of Physics and Electronics, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Japan
| | - N Kawada
- Department of Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
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Janssens S, Heemskerk MM, van den Berg SA, van Riel NA, Nicolay K, Willems van Dijk K, Prompers JJ. Effects of low-stearate palm oil and high-stearate lard high-fat diets on rat liver lipid metabolism and glucose tolerance. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2015; 12:57. [PMID: 26691906 PMCID: PMC4683731 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-015-0053-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Excess consumption of energy-dense, high-fat Western diets contributes to the development of obesity and obesity-related disorders, such as fatty liver disease. However, not only the quantity but also the composition of dietary fat may play a role in the development of liver steatosis. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of low-stearate palm oil and high-stearate lard high-fat diets on in vivo liver lipid metabolism. Methods Wistar rats were fed with either normal chow (CON), a high-fat diet based on palm oil (HFP), or a high-fat diet based on lard (HFL). After 10 weeks of diet, magnetic resonance spectroscopy was applied for the in vivo determination of intrahepatocellular lipid content and the uptake and turnover of dietary fat after oral administration of 13C-labeled lipids. Derangements in liver lipid metabolism were further assessed by measuring hepatic very-low density lipoprotein (VLDL) secretion and ex vivo respiratory capacity of liver mitochondria using fat-derived substrates. In addition, whole-body and hepatic glucose tolerance were determined with an intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test. Results Both high-fat diets induced liver lipid accumulation (p < 0.001), which was accompanied by a delayed uptake and/or slower turnover of dietary fat in the liver (p < 0.01), but without any change in VLDL secretion rates. Surprisingly, liver lipid content was higher in HFP than in HFL (p < 0.05), despite the increased fatty acid oxidative capacity in isolated liver mitochondria of HFP animals (p < 0.05). In contrast, while both high-fat diets induced whole-body glucose intolerance, only HFL impaired hepatic glucose tolerance. Conclusion High-fat diets based on palm oil and lard similarly impair the handling of dietary lipids in the liver, but only the high-fat lard diet induces hepatic glucose intolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Janssens
- Biomedical NMR, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Mattijs M Heemskerk
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sjoerd A van den Berg
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands ; Present address: Amphia Hospital, Breda, The Netherlands
| | - Natal A van Riel
- Computational Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Klaas Nicolay
- Biomedical NMR, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Ko Willems van Dijk
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands ; Department of Medicine, division Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jeanine J Prompers
- Biomedical NMR, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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Coum A, Noury F, Bannier E, Begriche K, Fromenty B, Gandon Y, Saint-Jalmes H, Gambarota G. The effect of water suppression on the hepatic lipid quantification, as assessed by the LCModel, in a preclinical and clinical scenario. MAGMA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2015; 29:29-37. [PMID: 26590825 DOI: 10.1007/s10334-015-0508-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of water suppression on the hepatic lipid quantification, using the LCModel. MATERIALS AND METHODS MR spectra with and without water suppression were acquired in the liver of mice at 4.7 T and patients at 3 T, and processed with the LCModel. The Cramér-Rao Lower Bound (CRLB) values of the seven lipid resonances were determined to assess the impact of water suppression on hepatic lipid quantification. A paired t test was used for comparison between the CRLBs obtained with and without water suppression. RESULTS For the preclinical data, in the high (low) fat fraction subset an overall impairment in hepatic lipid quantification, i.e. an increase of CRLBs (no significant change of CRLBs) was observed in spectra acquired with water suppression. For the clinical data, there were no substantial changes in the CRLB with water suppression. Because (1) the water suppression does not overall improve the quantification of the lipid resonances and (2) the MR spectrum without water suppression is always acquired for fat fraction calculation, the optimal data-acquisition strategy for liver MRS is to acquire only the MR spectrum without water suppression. CONCLUSION For quantification of hepatic lipid resonances, it is advantageous to perform MR spectroscopy without water suppression in a clinical and preclinical scenario (at moderate fields).
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandine Coum
- LTSI, Laboratoire du Traitement du Signal et de l'Image, Université de Rennes 1, 35043, Rennes Cedex, France. .,INSERM, UMR 1099, Université de Rennes 1, 35000, Rennes, France.
| | - Fanny Noury
- LTSI, Laboratoire du Traitement du Signal et de l'Image, Université de Rennes 1, 35043, Rennes Cedex, France.,INSERM, UMR 1099, Université de Rennes 1, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Elise Bannier
- Département de Radiologie, CHU de Rennes, 35000, Rennes, France
| | | | | | - Yves Gandon
- Département de Radiologie, CHU de Rennes, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Hervé Saint-Jalmes
- LTSI, Laboratoire du Traitement du Signal et de l'Image, Université de Rennes 1, 35043, Rennes Cedex, France.,INSERM, UMR 1099, Université de Rennes 1, 35000, Rennes, France.,CRLCC, Centre Eugène Marquis, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Giulio Gambarota
- LTSI, Laboratoire du Traitement du Signal et de l'Image, Université de Rennes 1, 35043, Rennes Cedex, France.,INSERM, UMR 1099, Université de Rennes 1, 35000, Rennes, France
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11
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Evers DJ, Westerkamp AC, Spliethoff JW, Pully VV, Hompes D, Hendriks BHW, Prevoo W, van Velthuysen MLF, Porte RJ, Ruers TJM. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy: toward real-time quantification of steatosis in liver. Transpl Int 2015; 28:465-74. [DOI: 10.1111/tri.12517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Evers
- Department of Surgery; The Netherlands Cancer Institute; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Andrie C. Westerkamp
- Department of Surgery; Section HPB Surgery and Liver Transplantation; University of Groningen; University Medical Center Groningen; Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Jarich W. Spliethoff
- Department of Surgery; The Netherlands Cancer Institute; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Vishnu V. Pully
- In Body Systems Department; Philips Research; Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Daphne Hompes
- Department of Surgery; The Netherlands Cancer Institute; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | | | - Warner Prevoo
- Department of Radiology; The Netherlands Cancer Institute; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | | | - Robert J. Porte
- Department of Surgery; Section HPB Surgery and Liver Transplantation; University of Groningen; University Medical Center Groningen; Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Theo J. M. Ruers
- Department of Surgery; The Netherlands Cancer Institute; Amsterdam The Netherlands
- MIRA Institute; University Twente; Enschede The Netherlands
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12
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Polyzos SA, Mantzoros CS. Necessity for timely noninvasive diagnosis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Metabolism 2014; 63:161-7. [PMID: 24290839 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2013.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stergios A Polyzos
- Department of Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Christos S Mantzoros
- Boston VA Healthcare system and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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13
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Noureddin M, Lam J, Peterson MR, Middleton M, Hamilton G, Le TA, Bettencourt R, Changchien C, Brenner DA, Sirlin C, Loomba R. Utility of magnetic resonance imaging versus histology for quantifying changes in liver fat in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease trials. Hepatology 2013; 58:1930-40. [PMID: 23696515 PMCID: PMC4819962 DOI: 10.1002/hep.26455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 397] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The magnetic resonance imaging-estimated proton density fat fraction (MRI-PDFF) is a novel imaging-based biomarker that allows fat mapping of the entire liver, whereas the magnetic resonance spectroscopy-measured proton density fat fraction (MRS-PDFF) provides a biochemical measure of liver fat in small regions of interest. Cross-sectional studies have shown that MRI-PDFF correlates with MRS-PDFF. The aim of this study was to show the utility of MRI-PDFF in assessing quantitative changes in liver fat through a three-way comparison of MRI-PDFF and MRS-PDFF with the liver histology-determined steatosis grade at two time points in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Fifty patients with biopsy-proven NAFLD who participated in a randomized trial underwent a paired evaluation with liver biopsy, MRI-PDFF, and MRS-PDFF at the baseline and 24 weeks. The mean age and body mass index were 47.8 ± 11.7 years and 30.7 ± 6.5 kg/m(2), respectively. MRI-PDFF showed a robust correlation with MRS-PDFF both at week 0 and at week 24 (r = 0.98, P < 0.0001 for both). Cross-sectionally, MRI-PDFF and MRS-PDFF increased with increases in the histology-determined steatosis grade both at week 0 and at week 24 (P < 0.05 for all). Longitudinally, patients who had a decrease (≥ 1%) or increase (≥ 1%) in MRI-PDFF (confirmed by MRS-PDFF) showed a parallel decrease or increase in their body weight and serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels at week 24 (P < 0.05). This small increase or decrease in liver fat could not be quantified with histology. CONCLUSION In this longitudinal study, MRI-PDFF correlated well with MRS-PDFF and was more sensitive than the histology-determined steatosis grade in quantifying increases or decreases in the liver fat content. Therefore, it could be used to quantify changes in liver fat in future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mazen Noureddin
- Department of Medicine (Division of Gastroenterology), University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - Jessica Lam
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | | | - Michael Middleton
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - Gavin Hamilton
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - Thuy-Anh Le
- Department of Medicine (Division of Gastroenterology), University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - Ricki Bettencourt
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine (Division of Epidemiology), University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - Chris Changchien
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - David A. Brenner
- Department of Medicine (Division of Gastroenterology), University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - Claude Sirlin
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - Rohit Loomba
- Department of Medicine (Division of Gastroenterology), University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA,Department of Family and Preventive Medicine (Division of Epidemiology), University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA,San Diego Integrated NAFLD Research Consortium, San Diego, CA
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14
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d'Assignies G, Fontés G, Kauffmann C, Latour M, Gaboury L, Boulanger Y, Van Beers BE, Soulez G, Poitout V, Tang A. Early detection of liver steatosis by magnetic resonance imaging in rats infused with glucose and intralipid solutions and correlation to insulin levels. Metabolism 2013; 62:1850-7. [PMID: 24035445 PMCID: PMC3914148 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2013.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Revised: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Magnetic resonance (MR) techniques allow noninvasive fat quantification. We aimed to investigate the accuracy of MR imaging (MRI), MR spectroscopy (MRS) and histological techniques to detect early-onset liver steatosis in three rat phenotypes assigned to an experimental glucolipotoxic model or a control group. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was approved by the institutional committee for the protection of animals. Thirty-two rats (13 young Wistar, 6 old Wistar and 13 diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rats) fed a standard diet were assigned to a 72h intravenous infusion of glucose and Intralipid fat emulsion or a saline infusion. Plasma insulin levels were measured. Steatosis was quantified in ex vivo livers with gradient-recalled multi-echo MRI, MRS and histology as fat fractions (FF). RESULTS A significant correlation was found between multi-echo MRI-FF and MRS-FF (r=0.81, p<0.01) and a weaker correlation was found between histology and MRS-FF (r=0.60, p<0.01). MRS and MRI accurately distinguished young Wistar and Goto-Kakizaki rats receiving the glucose+Intralipid infusion from those receiving the saline control whereas histology did not. Significant correlations were found between MRI or MRS and insulin plasma level (r=0.63, p<0.01; r=0.57, p<0.01), and between MRI or MRS and C-peptide concentration (r=0.54, p<0.01; r=0.44, p<0.02). CONCLUSIONS Multi-echo MRI and MRS may be more sensitive to measure early-onset liver steatosis than histology in an experimental glucolipotoxic rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaspard d'Assignies
- Department of Radiology, University of Montreal, Hôpital Saint-Luc, 1058 rue Saint-Denis, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H2X 3J4
- Research Center CHUM, Hôpital Saint-Luc, 264, René-Lévesque Blvd. East, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H2X 1P1
- Department of Radiology, Beaujon Hospital, Université Paris VII, 100 Bd du Général Leclerc, 92118 Clichy, France
| | - Ghislaine Fontés
- Research Center CHUM, Hôpital Saint-Luc, 264, René-Lévesque Blvd. East, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H2X 1P1
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center, CRCHUM, Technopôle Angus, 2901, Rachel Street East – Room 303, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H1W 4A4
- Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Qc, Canada, PO Box 6128, Station Centre-ville, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3C 3J7
| | - Claude Kauffmann
- Department of Radiology, University of Montreal, Hôpital Saint-Luc, 1058 rue Saint-Denis, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H2X 3J4
- Research Center CHUM, Hôpital Saint-Luc, 264, René-Lévesque Blvd. East, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H2X 1P1
| | - Martin Latour
- Research Center CHUM, Hôpital Saint-Luc, 264, René-Lévesque Blvd. East, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H2X 1P1
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center, CRCHUM, Technopôle Angus, 2901, Rachel Street East – Room 303, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H1W 4A4
| | - Louis Gaboury
- Department of anatomo-pathology, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), 3840 rue St-Urbain, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H2W 1T8
| | - Yvan Boulanger
- Department of Radiology, University of Montreal, Hôpital Saint-Luc, 1058 rue Saint-Denis, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H2X 3J4
- Research Center CHUM, Hôpital Saint-Luc, 264, René-Lévesque Blvd. East, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H2X 1P1
| | - Bernard E. Van Beers
- Department of Radiology, Beaujon Hospital, Université Paris VII, 100 Bd du Général Leclerc, 92118 Clichy, France
| | - Gilles Soulez
- Department of Radiology, University of Montreal, Hôpital Notre-Dame, 1560 rue Sherbrooke Est, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H2L 4M1
| | - Vincent Poitout
- Research Center CHUM, Hôpital Saint-Luc, 264, René-Lévesque Blvd. East, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H2X 1P1
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center, CRCHUM, Technopôle Angus, 2901, Rachel Street East – Room 303, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H1W 4A4
- Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Qc, Canada, PO Box 6128, Station Centre-ville, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3C 3J7
- Department of Nutrition, University of Montreal, Qc, Canada, PO Box 6128, Station Centre-ville, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3C 3J7
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Montreal, Qc, Canada, PO Box 6128, Station Centre-ville, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3C 3J7
| | - An Tang
- Department of Radiology, University of Montreal, Hôpital Saint-Luc, 1058 rue Saint-Denis, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H2X 3J4
- Research Center CHUM, Hôpital Saint-Luc, 264, René-Lévesque Blvd. East, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H2X 1P1
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15
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Ramamonjisoa N, Ratiney H, Mutel E, Guillou H, Mithieux G, Pilleul F, Rajas F, Beuf O, Cavassila S. In vivo hepatic lipid quantification using MRS at 7 Tesla in a mouse model of glycogen storage disease type 1a. J Lipid Res 2013; 54:2010-22. [PMID: 23596325 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.d033399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The assessment of liver lipid content and composition is needed in preclinical research to investigate steatosis and steatosis-related disorders. The purpose of this study was to quantify in vivo hepatic fatty acid content and composition using a method based on short echo time proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) at 7 Tesla. A mouse model of glycogen storage disease type 1a with inducible liver-specific deletion of the glucose-6-phosphatase gene (L-G6pc(-/-)) mice and control mice were fed a standard diet or a high-fat/high-sucrose (HF/HS) diet for 9 months. In control mice, hepatic lipid content was found significantly higher with the HF/HS diet than with the standard diet. As expected, hepatic lipid content was already elevated in L-G6pc(-/-) mice fed a standard diet compared with control mice. L-G6pc(-/-) mice rapidly developed steatosis which was not modified by the HF/HS diet. On the standard diet, estimated amplitudes from olefinic protons were found significantly higher in L-G6pc(-/-) mice compared with that in control mice. L-G6pc(-/-) mice showed no noticeable polyunsaturation from diallylic protons. Total unsaturated fatty acid indexes measured by gas chromatography were in agreement with MRS measurements. These results showed the great potential of high magnetic field MRS to follow the diet impact and lipid alterations in mouse liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirilanto Ramamonjisoa
- Université de Lyon, CREATIS, CNRS UMR 5220, Inserm U1044, INSA-Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
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16
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Tang A, Tan J, Sun M, Hamilton G, Bydder M, Wolfson T, Gamst AC, Middleton M, Brunt EM, Loomba R, Lavine JE, Schwimmer JB, Sirlin CB. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: MR imaging of liver proton density fat fraction to assess hepatic steatosis. Radiology 2013; 267:422-31. [PMID: 23382291 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.12120896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 370] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the diagnostic performance of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging-estimated proton density fat fraction (PDFF) for assessing hepatic steatosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) by using centrally scored histopathologic validation as the reference standard. MATERIALS AND METHODS This prospectively designed, cross-sectional, internal review board-approved, HIPAA-compliant study was conducted in 77 patients who had NAFLD and liver biopsy. MR imaging-PDFF was estimated from magnitude-based low flip angle multiecho gradient-recalled echo images after T2* correction and multifrequency fat modeling. Histopathologic scoring was obtained by consensus of the Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH) Clinical Research Network Pathology Committee. Spearman correlation, additivity and variance stabilization for regression for exploring the effect of a number of potential confounders, and receiver operating characteristic analyses were performed. RESULTS Liver MR imaging-PDFF was systematically higher, with higher histologic steatosis grade (P < .001), and was significantly correlated with histologic steatosis grade (ρ = 0.69, P < .001). The correlation was not confounded by age, sex, lobular inflammation, hepatocellular ballooning, NASH diagnosis, fibrosis, or magnetic field strength (P = .65). Area under the receiver operating characteristic curves was 0.989 (95% confidence interval: 0.968, 1.000) for distinguishing patients with steatosis grade 0 (n = 5) from those with grade 1 or higher (n = 72), 0.825 (95% confidence interval: 0.734, 0.915) to distinguish those with grade 1 or lower (n = 31) from those with grade 2 or higher (n = 46), and 0.893 (95% confidence interval: 0.809, 0.977) to distinguish those with grade 2 or lower (n = 58) from those with grade 3 (n = 19). CONCLUSION MR imaging-PDFF showed promise for assessment of hepatic steatosis grade in patients with NAFLD. For validation, further studies with larger sample sizes are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Tang
- Liver Imaging Group, Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, 408 Dickinson St, San Diego, CA 92103-8226, USA
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17
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Massart J, Robin MA, Noury F, Fautrel A, Lettéron P, Bado A, Eliat PA, Fromenty B. Pentoxifylline aggravates fatty liver in obese and diabetic ob/ob mice by increasing intestinal glucose absorption and activating hepatic lipogenesis. Br J Pharmacol 2012; 165:1361-74. [PMID: 21740407 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01580.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Pentoxifylline is in clinical trials for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and diabetic nephropathy. Metabolic and hepatic effects of pentoxifylline were assessed in a murine model of obesity and type 2 diabetes. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Pentoxifylline (100 mg·kg(-1) ·day(-1)) was administered for 4 days or 3 weeks in lean and obese/diabetic ob/ob mice. Plasma lipids, glucose, other metabolites and relevant enzymes were measured by standard assays. Hepatic lipids in vivo were assessed with magnetic resonance spectroscopy and by histology. Hepatic extracts were also analysed with RT-PCR and Western blotting. KEY RESULTS Four days of pentoxifylline treatment slightly increased liver lipids in ob/ob mice. After 3 weeks, pentoxifylline exacerbated fatty liver and plasma transaminases in ob/ob mice but did not induce liver steatosis in lean mice. Plasma glucose was highest in fed, but not fasted, ob/ob mice treated with pentoxifylline. During the first 10 min of an oral glucose tolerance test, blood glucose increased more rapidly in pentoxifylline-treated mice. Jejunal expression of glucose transporter 2 isoform was increased in pentoxifylline-treated obese mice. Hepatic activity of carbohydrate response element binding protein (ChREBP) increased after pentoxifylline in ob/ob, but not lean, mice. Hepatic expression of lipogenic enzymes was highest in pentoxifylline-treated ob/ob mice. However, pentoxifylline reduced markers of oxidative stress and inflammation in ob/ob liver. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Pentoxifylline exacerbated fatty liver in ob/ob mice through enhanced intestinal glucose absorption, increased postprandial glycaemia and activation of hepatic lipogenesis. Long-term treatment with pentoxifylline could worsen fatty liver in some patients with pre-existing hyperglycaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Massart
- INSERM, U991, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France
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18
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Hu HH, Börnert P, Hernando D, Kellman P, Ma J, Reeder S, Sirlin C. ISMRM workshop on fat-water separation: insights, applications and progress in MRI. Magn Reson Med 2012; 68:378-88. [PMID: 22693111 PMCID: PMC3575097 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.24369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2012] [Revised: 05/14/2012] [Accepted: 05/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Approximately 130 attendees convened on February 19-22, 2012 for the first ISMRM-sponsored workshop on water-fat imaging. The motivation to host this meeting was driven by the increasing number of research publications on this topic over the past decade. The scientific program included an historical perspective and a discussion of the clinical relevance of water-fat MRI, a technical description of multiecho pulse sequences, a review of data acquisition and reconstruction algorithms, a summary of the confounding factors that influence quantitative fat measurements and the importance of MRI-based biomarkers, a description of applications in the heart, liver, pancreas, abdomen, spine, pelvis, and muscles, an overview of the implications of fat in diabetes and obesity, a discussion on MR spectroscopy, a review of childhood obesity, the efficacy of lifestyle interventional studies, and the role of brown adipose tissue, and an outlook on federal funding opportunities from the National Institutes of Health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houchun Harry Hu
- Departments of Radiology and Electrical Engineering, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90027, USA.
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19
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Permutt Z, Le TA, Peterson MR, Seki E, Brenner DA, Sirlin C, Loomba R. Correlation between liver histology and novel magnetic resonance imaging in adult patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease - MRI accurately quantifies hepatic steatosis in NAFLD. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2012; 36:22-9. [PMID: 22554256 PMCID: PMC3437221 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2012.05121.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 257] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2012] [Revised: 03/11/2012] [Accepted: 04/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques that measure hepatic steatosis are limited by T1 bias, T(2)* decay and multi-frequency signal-interference effects of protons in fat. Newer MR techniques such as the proton density-fat fraction (PDFF) that correct for these factors have not been specifically compared to liver biopsy in adult patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). AIM To examine the association between MRI-determined PDFF and histology-determined steatosis grade, and their association with fibrosis. METHODS A total of 51 adult patients with biopsy-confirmed NAFLD underwent metabolic-biochemical profiling, MRI-determined PDFF measurement of hepatic steatosis and liver biopsy assessment according to NASH-CRN histological scoring system. RESULTS The average MRI-determined PDFF increased significantly with increasing histology-determined steatosis grade: 8.9% at grade-1, 16.3% at grade-2, and 25.0% at grade-3 with P ≤ 0.0001 (correlation: r(2) = 0.56, P < 0.0001). Patients with stage-4 fibrosis, when compared with patients with stage 0-3 fibrosis, had significantly lower hepatic steatosis by both MRI-determined PDFF (7.6% vs. 17.8%, P < 0.005) and histology-determined steatosis grade (1.4 vs. 2.2, P < 0.05). NAFLD patients with grade 1 steatosis were more likely to have characteristics of advanced liver disease including higher average AST:ALT (0.87 vs. 0.60, P < 0.02), GGT (140 vs. 67, P < 0.01), and INR (1.06 vs. 0.99, P < 0.01), higher stage of fibrosis and hepatocellular ballooning. CONCLUSIONS MRI-determined proton density-fat fraction correlates with histology-determined steatosis grade in adults with NAFLD. Steatosis is non-linearly related to fibrosis progression. In patients with NAFLD, a low amount of hepatic steatosis on imaging does not necessarily indicate mild disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Permutt
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, USA
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20
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Ou HY, Chao PH, Yu PC, Wei YC, Chen CL, Yu CY, Chiu TM, Chang YC, Lai CY, Cheng YF. Quantification of Macrovesicular and Microvesicular Hepatic Steatosis in Rats Using 3.0-T 1H-Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. Transplant Proc 2012; 44:955-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2012.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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21
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Marsman HA, Heger M, Kloek JJ, Nienhuis SL, ten Kate FJW, van Gulik TM. Omega-3 fatty acids reduce hepatic steatosis and consequently attenuate ischemia-reperfusion injury following partial hepatectomy in rats. Dig Liver Dis 2011; 43:984-90. [PMID: 21840275 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2011.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2011] [Revised: 06/23/2011] [Accepted: 07/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to investigate omega-3 fatty acids (FAs) treatment of experimental steatosis and the consequent effect on ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. BACKGROUND Fatty livers are more susceptible to IR injury and display decreased regenerative capacity. Consequently, restrictions exist for patients with fatty livers to undergo a major hepatectomy or to participate in living donor liver transplantation. Until recently, weight reduction constituted the only proven therapy for patients with fatty livers. METHODS Steatosis was induced by a 3-wk methionine/choline-deficient diet, followed by oral administration of omega-3 FAs (Omega-3), standard lipid solution (Lipid), or NaCl (Saline) during 2 wk. Control animals received a standard diet without treatment. Rats underwent partial (70%) hepatic IR combined with partial hepatectomy (PHx) of the non-ischemic lobes (30%) followed by 24-h reperfusion. RESULTS Histological analysis revealed mild (5-33%) macrovesicular steatosis in omega-3-treated animals vs. severe (>66%) macrovesicular steatosis in both Lipid and Saline groups. Following IR/PHx, omega-3-treated rats exhibited reduced serum ALT levels after 6- and 24-h reperfusion, a reduced hepatic TNF-α content, and an improved anti-oxidative capacity. CONCLUSIONS Omega-3 treatment significantly reduces experimental hepatic steatosis and associated pathophysiological features, resulting in significantly reduced IR injury following PHx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik A Marsman
- Department of Surgery (Surgical Laboratory), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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22
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Heger M, Marsman HA, Bezemer R, Cloos MA, van Golen RF, van Gulik TM. Non-invasive quantification of triglyceride content in steatotic rat livers by (1)H-MRS: when water meets (too much) fat. Acad Radiol 2011; 18:1582-92. [PMID: 22055799 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2011.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2011] [Revised: 08/19/2011] [Accepted: 08/23/2011] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES The aims of this study were to explore the relationship between triglyceride (TG) and water in steatotic rat livers and to accordingly test the validity of the currently used steatosis calculation methods from magnetic resonance spectra. The approximations commonly used to derive steatosis degrees from magnetic resonance spectra include the generic types TG/water and TG/(TG + water). MATERIALS AND METHODS Hepatic fat and water content was quantitated by histology, magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), gas chromatography, and dry/wet weight ratio analysis in increasingly (0%-95%) steatotic rats. Correlation analysis was performed to assess the statistical relationships among the steatosis quantification techniques. Subsequently, data were fitted with linear and nonlinear functions to determine the relationship between hepatic water fraction versus hepatic TG content and TG/water ratio versus macrovesicular steatosis degree to test the validity of commonly used steatosis calculation methods. RESULTS Histologic analysis of macrovesicular steatosis correlated very strongly with TG content determined by gas chromatography and MRS. A strong positive correlation was also found between gas chromatography-derived and MRS-derived TG content. Biochemical analysis revealed a linear converse relationship between hepatic fat and water content. This relationship was nonlinear when determined by MRS. The MRS-based TG/(TG + water)-type approximations reflected the linear water-fat relationship better than the TG/water-type approximations, particularly when the calculations were performed with a maximum number of TG resonances. CONCLUSIONS Hepatic fat approximations of the type TG/water overestimate hepatic steatosis degree because hepatic fat accumulation concurs with hepatic water exudation. Consequently, MRS-based approximations should be of the type TG/(TG + water) and contain a maximum number of TG resonances in the denominator.
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23
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Korkusuz H, Keese D, Raschidi BA, Hübner F, Namgaladze D, Hintereder G, Hammerstingl R, Korkusuz Y, Mönch C, Vogl TJ. Detection of a fatty liver after binge drinking: correlation of MR-spectroscopy, DECT, biochemistry and histology in a rat model. Acad Radiol 2011; 18:1349-57. [PMID: 21889898 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2011.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2011] [Revised: 07/26/2011] [Accepted: 07/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to evaluate the possibility of detecting a fatty liver after binge drinking in an animal model using (1)H magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H-MRS), dual-energy computed tomography (DECT), biochemistry, and the gold standard of histology. MATERIALS AND METHODS In 20 inbred female Lewis rats, an alcoholic fatty liver was induced; 20 rats served as controls. To simulate binge drinking, each rat was given a dose of 9.3 g/kg body weight 50% ethanol twice, with 24 hours between applications. Forty-eight hours after the first injection, DECT and (1)H-MRS were performed. Fat content as well as triglycerides were also determined histologically and biochemically, respectively. To assess specific liver enzymes, blood was drawn from the orbital venous plexus. RESULTS In all 20 animals in the experimental group, fatty livers were detected using (1)H-MRS, DECT, and biochemical and histologic analysis. The spectroscopic fat/water ratio and the biochemical determination were highly correlated (r = 0.892, P < .05). A significant correlation was found between (1)H-MRS and histologic analysis (r = 0.941, P < .001). Also, a positive linear correlation was found between the dual-energy computed tomographic density of ΔHU and the biochemical (r = 0.751, P < .05) and histologic (r = 0.786, P < .001) analyses. CONCLUSIONS Quantification of hepatic fat content on (1)H-MRS showed high correlation with histologic and biochemical steatosis determination. In comparison to DECT, it is more suitable to reflect the severity of acute fatty liver.
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Hepatic lipid composition analysis using 3.0-T MR spectroscopy in a steatotic rat model. Magn Reson Imaging 2011; 30:112-21. [PMID: 21940131 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2011.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2010] [Revised: 06/08/2011] [Accepted: 07/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the feasibility of in vivo assessment of hepatic lipid composition using 3.0-T proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H-MRS) in a steatotic rat model and compare it to histopathological and biochemical assessment. MATERIALS AND METHODS Hepatic steatosis was induced by feeding rats with a methionine/choline-deficient (MCD) diet for 1, 2, 3, 5 or 7 weeks (n=5 per group). At the end of the diet period, (1)H-MRS of the liver was performed, and rats were sacrificed for histopathological and biochemical assessment of the liver. Spectra were acquired in a single voxel (1.2 cc) using a point-resolved spectroscopic sequence with TE/TR=35/2000 ms and 64 signal acquisitions. From the MR spectra, peak area ratios were calculated to estimate hepatic lipid composition. RESULTS During MCD diet periods, hepatic steatosis significantly increased on histopathology (P<.001). The (1)H-MRS measurements of total hepatic fat content [1.3/(1.3+4.65) ppm] correlated strongly with histological macrovesicular hepatic steatosis (r=0.93, P<.001) and with the biochemical total hepatic fatty acids (r=0.94, P<.001). Total unsaturated fatty acids [TUFA, 5.4/(1.3+4.65) ppm] estimated with (1)H-MRS strongly correlated with the biochemical unsaturated fatty acids (r=0.90, P<.001). Polyunsaturated fatty acids [PUFA, 2.8/(1.3+4.65) ppm] estimated with (1)H-MRS strongly correlated with biochemical PUFA (r=0.91, P<.001). The proportion of total unsaturated fatty acids relative to the amount of total fatty acids (rTUFA, 5.4/1.3 ppm) measured with (1)H-MRS strongly correlated with the biochemical amount of unsaturated relative to total hepatic fatty acids (r=0.81, P<.001). The proportion of PUFA relative to the amount of total fatty acids (rPUFA, 2.8/1.3 ppm) measured with (1)H-MRS correlated with the biochemical amount of PUFA relative to total fatty acids (r=0.59, P=0.005,) and with the biochemical amount of omega-6 PUFA relative to total fatty acids (r=0.73, P<.001). PUFA at (1)H-MRS correlated with the histopathologically assessed degree of lobular inflammation in the liver (r=0.57, P=.001). CONCLUSION 3.0 T (1)H-MRS is able to measure poly- and unsaturated hepatic fatty acids and this strongly correlates with biochemical assessment. This study provides evidence that 3.0-T (1)H-MRS is a noninvasive technique to assess hepatic lipid composition.
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Martí-Bonmatí L, Alberich-Bayarri A, Sánchez-González J. Overload hepatitides: quanti-qualitative analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 37:180-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s00261-011-9762-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Current world literature. Curr Opin Lipidol 2011; 22:231-6. [PMID: 21562387 DOI: 10.1097/mol.0b013e328347aeca] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Prompers JJ, Strijkers GJ, Nicolay K. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy of in vivo tissue metabolism in small animals. DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY. TECHNOLOGIES 2011; 8:e95-e102. [PMID: 24990268 DOI: 10.1016/j.ddtec.2011.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeanine J Prompers
- Biomedical NMR, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
| | - Gustav J Strijkers
- Biomedical NMR, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Klaas Nicolay
- Biomedical NMR, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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