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Stecker IR, Bdaiwi AS, Niedbalski PJ, Chatterjee N, Hossain MM, Cleveland ZI. Impact of undersampling on preclinical lung T 2* mapping with 3D radial UTE MRI at 7 T. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2024; 365:107741. [PMID: 39089222 PMCID: PMC11357708 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2024.107741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/03/2024]
Abstract
Lung diseases are almost invariably heterogeneous and progressive, making it imperative to capture temporally and spatially explicit information to understand the disease initiation and progression. Imaging the lung with MRI-particularly in the preclinical setting-has historically been challenging because of relatively low lung tissue density, rapid cardiac and respiratory motion, and rapid transverse (T2*) relaxation. These limitations can largely be mitigated using ultrashort-echo-time (UTE) sequences, which are intrinsically robust to motion and avoid significant T2* decay. A significant disadvantage of common radial UTE sequences is that they require inefficient, center-out k-space sampling, resulting in long acquisition times relative to conventional Cartesian sequences. Therefore, pulmonary images acquired with radial UTE are often undersampled to reduce acquisition time. However, undersampling reduces image SNR, introduces image artifacts, and degrades true image resolution. The level of undersampling is further increased if offline gating techniques like retrospective gating are employed, because only a portion (∼40-50%) of the data is used in the final image reconstruction. Here, we explore the impact of undersampling on SNR and T2* mapping in mouse lung imaging using simulation and in-vivo data. Increased scatter in both metrics was noticeable at around 50% sampling. Parenchymal apparent SNR only decreased slightly (average decrease ∼ 1.4) with as little as 10% sampling. Apparent T2* remained similar across undersampling levels, but it became significantly increased (p < 0.05) below 80% sampling. These trends suggest that undersampling can generate quantifiable, but moderate changes in the apparent value of T2*. Moreover, these approaches to assess the impact of undersampling are straightforward to implement and can readily be expanded to assess the quantitative impact of other MR acquisition and reconstruction parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian R Stecker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States; Center for Pulmonary Imaging Research, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Abdullah S Bdaiwi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States; Center for Pulmonary Imaging Research, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Peter J Niedbalski
- Center for Pulmonary Imaging Research, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Neelakshi Chatterjee
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States; Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Md M Hossain
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Zackary I Cleveland
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States; Center for Pulmonary Imaging Research, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States; Imaging Research Center, Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States.
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Tarchi SM, Salvatore M, Lichtenstein P, Sekar T, Capaccione K, Luk L, Shaish H, Makkar J, Desperito E, Leb J, Navot B, Goldstein J, Laifer S, Beylergil V, Ma H, Jambawalikar S, Aberle D, D'Souza B, Bentley-Hibbert S, Marin MP. Radiology of fibrosis. Part I: Thoracic organs. J Transl Med 2024; 22:609. [PMID: 38956586 PMCID: PMC11218337 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05244-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Sustained injury from factors such as hypoxia, infection, or physical damage may provoke improper tissue repair and the anomalous deposition of connective tissue that causes fibrosis. This phenomenon may take place in any organ, ultimately leading to their dysfunction and eventual failure. Tissue fibrosis has also been found to be central in both the process of carcinogenesis and cancer progression. Thus, its prompt diagnosis and regular monitoring is necessary for implementing effective disease-modifying interventions aiming to reduce mortality and improve overall quality of life. While significant research has been conducted on these subjects, a comprehensive understanding of how their relationship manifests through modern imaging techniques remains to be established. This work intends to provide a comprehensive overview of imaging technologies relevant to the detection of fibrosis affecting thoracic organs as well as to explore potential future advancements in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Maria Tarchi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy.
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 W 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
| | - Mary Salvatore
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 W 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Philip Lichtenstein
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 W 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Thillai Sekar
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 W 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Kathleen Capaccione
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 W 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Lyndon Luk
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 W 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Hiram Shaish
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 W 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Jasnit Makkar
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 W 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Elise Desperito
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 W 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Jay Leb
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 W 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Benjamin Navot
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 W 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Jonathan Goldstein
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 W 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Sherelle Laifer
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 W 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Volkan Beylergil
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 W 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Hong Ma
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 W 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Sachin Jambawalikar
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 W 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Dwight Aberle
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 W 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Belinda D'Souza
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 W 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Stuart Bentley-Hibbert
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 W 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Monica Pernia Marin
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 W 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
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Matz J, Gonzalez MP, Niedbalski P, Kim H, Chen Y, Sebastiani P, Gollner MJ, Bellini C, Oakes JM. Assessment of Left Lung Remodeling With Magnetic Resonance Imaging in a Murine Model Following Exposure to Douglas Fir Smoke. J Biomech Eng 2024; 146:071010. [PMID: 38581378 PMCID: PMC11080952 DOI: 10.1115/1.4065272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Wildland firefighters (WLFFs) experience lung function decline due to occupational exposure to fire smoke. WLFFs typically do not wear respiratory personal protective equipment, and if they do, it is a simple bandana, which is not effective at filtering smoke. To pinpoint the biological underpinnings of abnormal respiratory function following 3-7 years of WLFF service, we exposed mice to Douglas fir smoke (DFS) over 8 weeks. Following exposure, we assessed changes in lung structure through Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and histological analysis, which was supported by immunohistochemistry staining. With MRI, we found that the signal decay time, T2*, from ultrashort echo time (UTE) images was significantly shorter in mice exposed to DFS compared to air controls. In addition, the variation in T2* was more heterogeneously distributed throughout the left lung in DFS-exposed mice, compared to air controls. As confirmed by histological analysis, shorter T2* was caused by larger parenchyma airspace sizes and not fibrotic remodeling. Destruction of the alveolar spaces was likely due to inflammation, as measured by an influx of CD68+ macrophages and destruction due to enhanced neutrophil elastase. In addition, measurements of airspace dimensions from histology were more heterogeneously distributed throughout the lung, corroborating the enhanced relative dispersion of T2*. Findings from this study suggest that the decline in lung function observed in WLFFs may be due to emphysema-like changes in the lung, which can be quantified with MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Matz
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115
- Northeastern University
| | | | - Peter Niedbalski
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Kansas University Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115
- University of Kansas
| | - Hannah Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115
- Northeastern University
| | - Ye Chen
- Tufts Clinical and Translational Science Institute (CTSI), Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115
- Tufts Medical Center
| | - Paola Sebastiani
- Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies (ICRHPS), Tufts Medical Center and Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02115
- Tufts Medical Center
| | - Michael J. Gollner
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720
- University of California, Berkeley
| | - Chiara Bellini
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Jessica M. Oakes
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115
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Ohno Y, Ozawa Y, Nagata H, Ueda T, Yoshikawa T, Takenaka D, Koyama H. Lung Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Technical Advancements and Clinical Applications. Invest Radiol 2024; 59:38-52. [PMID: 37707840 DOI: 10.1097/rli.0000000000001017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Since lung magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) became clinically available, limited clinical utility has been suggested for applying MRI to lung diseases. Moreover, clinical applications of MRI for patients with lung diseases or thoracic oncology may vary from country to country due to clinical indications, type of health insurance, or number of MR units available. Because of this situation, members of the Fleischner Society and of the Japanese Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine have published new reports to provide appropriate clinical indications for lung MRI. This review article presents a brief history of lung MRI in terms of its technical aspects and major clinical indications, such as (1) what is currently available, (2) what is promising but requires further validation or evaluation, and (3) which developments warrant research-based evaluations in preclinical or patient studies. We hope this article will provide Investigative Radiology readers with further knowledge of the current status of lung MRI and will assist them with the application of appropriate protocols in routine clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiharu Ohno
- From the Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan (Y. Ohno); Joint Research Laboratory of Advanced Medical Imaging, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan (Y. Ohno and H.N.); Department of Radiology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan (Y. Ozawa and T.U.); Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Hyogo Cancer Center, Akashi, Hyogo, Japan (T.Y., D.T.); and Department of Radiology, Advanced Diagnostic Medical Imaging, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan (H.K.)
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5
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Malis V, Kassai Y, Vucevic D, Bae WC, Ohno Y, Yen A, Miyazaki M. Lung T 2 * mapping using 3D ultrashort TE with tight intervals δTE. Magn Reson Med 2023; 90:2001-2010. [PMID: 37288577 PMCID: PMC10545378 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop 3D ultrashort-TE (UTE) sequences with tight TE intervals (δTE), allowing for accurateT 2 * $$ {\mathrm{T}}_2^{\ast } $$ mapping of lungs under free breathing. METHODS We have implemented a four-echo UTE sequence with δTE (< 0.5 ms). A Monte-Carlo simulation was performed to identify an optimal number of echoes that would result in a significant improvement in the accuracy of theT 2 * $$ {\mathrm{T}}_2^{\ast } $$ fit within an acceptable scan time. A validation study was conducted on a phantom with known shortT 2 * $$ {\mathrm{T}}_2^{\ast } $$ values (< 5 ms). The scanning protocol included a combination of a standard multi-echo UTE with six echoes (2.2-ms intervals) and a new four-echo UTE (TE < 2 ms) with tight TE intervals δTE. The human imaging was performed at 3 T on 6 adult volunteers.T 2 * $$ {\mathrm{T}}_2^{\ast } $$ mapping was performed with mono-exponential and bi-exponential models. RESULTS The simulation for the proposed 10-echo acquisition predicted over 2-fold improvement in the accuracy of estimating the shortT 2 * $$ {\mathrm{T}}_2^{\ast } $$ compared with the regular six-echo acquisition. In the phantom study, theT 2 * $$ {\mathrm{T}}_2^{\ast } $$ was measured up to three times more accurately compared with standard six-echo UTE. In human lungs,T 2 * $$ {\mathrm{T}}_2^{\ast } $$ maps were successfully obtained from 10 echoes, yielding average valuesT 2 * $$ {\mathrm{T}}_2^{\ast } $$ = 1.62 ± 0.48 ms for mono-exponential andT 2 s * $$ {\mathrm{T}}_{2s}^{\ast } $$ = 1.00 ± 0.53 ms for bi-exponential models. CONCLUSION A UTE sequence using δTE was implemented and validated on shortT 2 * $$ {\mathrm{T}}_2^{\ast } $$ phantoms. The sequence was successfully applied for lung imaging; the bi-exponential signal model fit for human lung imaging may provide valuable insights into the diseased human lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim Malis
- Department of Radiology, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | | | - Diana Vucevic
- Department of Radiology, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Won C. Bae
- Department of Radiology, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA
- Department of Radiology, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA
| | - Yoshiharu Ohno
- Department of Radiology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
- Joint Research Laboratory of Advanced Medical Imaging, Fujita Health University, School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Andrew Yen
- Department of Radiology, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Mitsue Miyazaki
- Department of Radiology, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA
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6
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Pavlova OS, Gulyaev MV, Gervits LL, Hurshkainen AA, Nikulin AV, Puchnin VM, Teploukhova ED, Kuropatkina TA, Anisimov NV, Medvedeva NA, Pirogov YA. Т 1 mapping of rat lungs in 19 F MRI using octafluorocyclobutane. Magn Reson Med 2023; 89:2318-2331. [PMID: 36744719 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To demonstrate the feasibility of using octafluorocyclobutane (OFCB, c-C4 F8 ) for T1 mapping of lungs in 19 F MRI. METHODS The study was performed at 7 T in three healthy rats and three rats with pulmonary hypertension. To increase the sensitivity of 19 F MRI, a bent-shaped RF coil with periodic metal strips structure was used. The double flip angle method was used to calculate normalized transmitting RF field (B1n + ) maps and for correcting T1 maps built with the variable flip angle (VFA) method. The ultrashort TE pulse sequence was applied for acquiring MR images throughout the study. RESULTS The dependencies of OFCB relaxation times on its partial pressure in mixtures with oxygen, air, helium, and argon were obtained. T1 of OFCB linearly depended on its partial pressure with the slope of about 0.35 ms/kPa in the case of free diffusion. RF field inhomogeneity leads to distortion of T1 maps built with the VFA method, and therefore to high standard deviation of T1 in these maps. To improve the accuracy of the T1 maps, the B1n + maps were applied for VFA correction. This contributed to a 2-3-fold decrease in the SD of T1 values in the corresponding maps compared with T1 maps calculated without the correction. Three-dimensional T1 maps were obtained, and the mean T1 in healthy rat lungs was 35 ± 10 ms, and in rat lungs with pulmonary hypertension - 41 ± 9 ms. CONCLUSION OFCB has a spin-rotational relaxation mechanism and can be used for 19 F T1 mapping of lungs. The calculated OFCB maps captured ventilation defects induced by edema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga S Pavlova
- Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail V Gulyaev
- Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Lev L Gervits
- Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna A Hurshkainen
- School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anton V Nikulin
- Center of Photonics and 2D Materials, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Viktor M Puchnin
- School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | | | | | | | | | - Yury A Pirogov
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
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7
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Javed A, Ramasawmy R, O'Brien K, Mancini C, Su P, Majeed W, Benkert T, Bhat H, Suffredini AF, Malayeri A, Campbell-Washburn AE. Self-gated 3D stack-of-spirals UTE pulmonary imaging at 0.55T. Magn Reson Med 2021; 87:1784-1798. [PMID: 34783391 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop an isotropic high-resolution stack-of-spirals UTE sequence for pulmonary imaging at 0.55 Tesla by leveraging a combination of robust respiratory-binning, trajectory correction, and concomitant-field corrections. METHODS A stack-of-spirals golden-angle UTE sequence was used to continuously acquire data for 15.5 minutes. The data was binned to a stable respiratory phase based on superoinferior readout self-navigator signals. Corrections for trajectory errors and concomitant field artifacts, along with image reconstruction with conjugate gradient SENSE, were performed inline within the Gadgetron framework. Finally, data were retrospectively reconstructed to simulate scan times of 5, 8.5, and 12 minutes. Image quality was assessed using signal-to-noise, image sharpness, and qualitative reader scores. The technique was evaluated in healthy volunteers, patients with coronavirus disease 2019 infection, and patients with lung nodules. RESULTS The technique provided diagnostic quality images with parenchymal lung SNR of 3.18 ± 0.0.60, 4.57 ± 0.87, 5.45 ± 1.02, and 5.89 ± 1.28 for scan times of 5, 8.5, 12, and 15.5 minutes, respectively. The respiratory binning technique resulted in significantly sharper images (p < 0.001) as measured with relative maximum derivative at the diaphragm. Concomitant field corrections visibly improved sharpness of anatomical structures away from iso-center. The image quality was maintained with a slight loss in SNR for simulated scan times down to 8.5 minutes. Inline image reconstruction and artifact correction were achieved in <5 minutes. CONCLUSION The proposed pulmonary imaging technique combined efficient stack-of-spirals imaging with robust respiratory binning, concomitant field correction, and trajectory correction to generate diagnostic quality images with 1.75 mm isotropic resolution in 8.5 minutes on a high-performance 0.55 Tesla system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahsan Javed
- Cardiovascular Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Rajiv Ramasawmy
- Cardiovascular Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kendall O'Brien
- Cardiovascular Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Christine Mancini
- Cardiovascular Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Pan Su
- Siemens Medical Solutions USA Inc., Malvern, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Waqas Majeed
- Siemens Medical Solutions USA Inc., Malvern, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Himanshu Bhat
- Siemens Medical Solutions USA Inc., Malvern, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Anthony F Suffredini
- Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ashkan Malayeri
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Adrienne E Campbell-Washburn
- Cardiovascular Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Ultra-short echo-time magnetic resonance imaging lung segmentation with under-Annotations and domain shift. Med Image Anal 2021; 72:102107. [PMID: 34153626 DOI: 10.1016/j.media.2021.102107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ultra-short echo-time (UTE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides enhanced visualization of pulmonary structural and functional abnormalities and has shown promise in phenotyping lung disease. Here, we describe the development and evaluation of a lung segmentation approach to facilitate UTE MRI methods for patient-based imaging. The proposed approach employs a k-means algorithm in kernel space for pair-wise feature clustering and imposes image domain continuous regularization, coined as continuous kernel k-means (CKKM). The high-order CKKM algorithm was simplified through upper bound relaxation and solved within an iterative continuous max-flow framework. We combined the CKKM with U-net and atlas-based approaches and comprehensively evaluated the performance on 100 images from 25 patients with asthma and bronchial pulmonary dysplasia enrolled at Robarts Research Institute (Western University, London, Canada) and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Canada). For U-net, we trained the network five times on a mixture of five different images with under-annotations and applied the model to 64 images from the two centres. We also trained a U-net on five images with full and brush annotations from one centre, and tested the model on 32 images from the other centre. For an atlas-based approach, we employed three atlas images to segment 64 target images from the two centres through straightforward atlas registration and label fusion. We applied the CKKM algorithm to the baseline U-net and atlas outputs and refined the initial segmentation through multi-volume image fusion. The integration of CKKM substantially improved baseline results and yielded, with minimal computational cost, segmentation accuracy, and precision that were greater than some state-of-the-art deep learning models and similar to experienced observer manual segmentation. This suggests that deep learning and atlas-based approaches may be utilized to segment UTE MRI datasets using relatively small training datasets with under-annotations.
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9
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Stecker IR, Freeman MS, Sitaraman S, Hall CS, Niedbalski PJ, Hendricks AJ, Martin EP, Weaver TE, Cleveland ZI. Preclinical MRI to Quantify Pulmonary Disease Severity and Trajectories in Poorly Characterized Mouse Models: A Pedagogical Example Using Data from Novel Transgenic Models of Lung Fibrosis. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE OPEN 2021; 6-7. [PMID: 34414381 PMCID: PMC8372031 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmro.2021.100013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Structural remodeling in lung disease is progressive and heterogeneous, making temporally and spatially explicit information necessary to understand disease initiation and progression. While mouse models are essential to elucidate mechanistic pathways underlying disease, the experimental tools commonly available to quantify lung disease burden are typically invasive (e.g., histology). This necessitates large cross-sectional studies with terminal endpoints, which increases experimental complexity and expense. Alternatively, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides information noninvasively, thus permitting robust, repeated-measures statistics. Although lung MRI is challenging due to low tissue density and rapid apparent transverse relaxation (T2* <1 ms), various imaging methods have been proposed to quantify disease burden. However, there are no widely accepted strategies for preclinical lung MRI. As such, it can be difficult for researchers who lack lung imaging expertise to design experimental protocols-particularly for novel mouse models. Here, we build upon prior work from several research groups to describe a widely applicable acquisition and analysis pipeline that can be implemented without prior preclinical pulmonary MRI experience. Our approach utilizes 3D radial ultrashort echo time (UTE) MRI with retrospective gating and lung segmentation is facilitated with a deep-learning algorithm. This pipeline was deployed to assess disease dynamics over 255 days in novel, transgenic mouse models of lung fibrosis based on disease-associated, loss-of-function mutations in Surfactant Protein-C. Previously identified imaging biomarkers (tidal volume, signal coefficient of variation, etc.) were calculated semi-automatically from these data, with an objectively-defined high signal volume identified as the most robust metric. Beyond quantifying disease dynamics, we discuss common pitfalls encountered in preclinical lung MRI and present systematic approaches to identify and mitigate these challenges. While the experimental results and specific pedagogical examples are confined to lung fibrosis, the tools and approaches presented should be broadly useful to quantify structural lung disease in a wide range of mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian R Stecker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221
- Center for Pulmonary Imaging Research, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - Matthew S Freeman
- Center for Pulmonary Imaging Research, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - Sneha Sitaraman
- Division of Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - Chase S Hall
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160
| | - Peter J Niedbalski
- Center for Pulmonary Imaging Research, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160
| | - Alexandra J Hendricks
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221
- Center for Pulmonary Imaging Research, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - Emily P Martin
- Division of Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - Timothy E Weaver
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221
- Division of Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - Zackary I Cleveland
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221
- Center for Pulmonary Imaging Research, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221
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10
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Tanaka Y, Ohno Y, Hanamatsu S, Obama Y, Ueda T, Ikeda H, Iwase A, Fukuba T, Hattori H, Murayama K, Yoshikawa T, Takenaka D, Koyama H, Toyama H. State-of-the-art MR Imaging for Thoracic Diseases. Magn Reson Med Sci 2021; 21:212-234. [PMID: 33952785 PMCID: PMC9199970 DOI: 10.2463/mrms.rev.2020-0184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Since thoracic MR imaging was first used in a clinical setting, it has been suggested that MR imaging has limited clinical utility for thoracic diseases, especially lung diseases, in comparison with x-ray CT and positron emission tomography (PET)/CT. However, in many countries and states and for specific indications, MR imaging has recently become practicable. In addition, recently developed pulmonary MR imaging with ultra-short TE (UTE) and zero TE (ZTE) has enhanced the utility of MR imaging for thoracic diseases in routine clinical practice. Furthermore, MR imaging has been introduced as being capable of assessing pulmonary function. It should be borne in mind, however, that these applications have so far been academically and clinically used only for healthy volunteers, but not for patients with various pulmonary diseases in Japan or other countries. In 2020, the Fleischner Society published a new report, which provides consensus expert opinions regarding appropriate clinical indications of pulmonary MR imaging for not only oncologic but also pulmonary diseases. This review article presents a brief history of MR imaging for thoracic diseases regarding its technical aspects and major clinical indications in Japan 1) in terms of what is currently available, 2) promising but requiring further validation or evaluation, and 3) developments warranting research investigations in preclinical or patient studies. State-of-the-art MR imaging can non-invasively visualize lung structural and functional abnormalities without ionizing radiation and thus provide an alternative to CT. MR imaging is considered as a tool for providing unique information. Moreover, prospective, randomized, and multi-center trials should be conducted to directly compare MR imaging with conventional methods to determine whether the former has equal or superior clinical relevance. The results of these trials together with continued improvements are expected to update or modify recommendations for the use of MRI in near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumi Tanaka
- Department of Radiology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine
| | - Yoshiharu Ohno
- Department of Radiology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine.,Joint Research Laboratory of Advanced Medical Imaging, Fujita Health University School of Medicine
| | - Satomu Hanamatsu
- Department of Radiology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine
| | - Yuki Obama
- Department of Radiology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine
| | - Takahiro Ueda
- Department of Radiology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine
| | - Hirotaka Ikeda
- Department of Radiology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine
| | - Akiyoshi Iwase
- Department of Radiology, Fujita Health University Hospital
| | - Takashi Fukuba
- Department of Radiology, Fujita Health University Hospital
| | - Hidekazu Hattori
- Department of Radiology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine
| | - Kazuhiro Murayama
- Joint Research Laboratory of Advanced Medical Imaging, Fujita Health University School of Medicine
| | | | | | | | - Hiroshi Toyama
- Department of Radiology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine
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11
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Hahn AD, Malkus A, Kammerman J, Higano N, Walkup LL, Woods J, Fain SB. Effects of neonatal lung abnormalities on parenchymal R 2 * estimates. J Magn Reson Imaging 2021; 53:1853-1861. [PMID: 33404085 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.27487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) often suffer from multifaceted pulmonary morbidities that are not well understood. Ultrashort echo time (UTE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a promising technique for pulmonary imaging in this population without requiring exposure to ionizing radiation. The aims of this study were to investigate the effect of neonatal pulmonary disease on R2 * and tissue density and to utilize numerical simulations to evaluate the effect of different alveolar structures on predicted R2 *.This was a prospective study, in which 17 neonatal human subjects (five control, seven with bronchopulmonary dysplasia [BPD], five with congenital diaphragmatic hernia [CDH]) were enrolled. Twelve subjects were male and five were female, with postmenstrual age (PMA) at MRI of 39.7 ± 4.7 weeks. A 1.5T/multiecho three-dimensional UTE MRI was used. Pulmonary R2 * and tissue density were compared across disease groups over the whole lung and regionally. A spherical shell alveolar model was used to predict the expected R2 * over a range of tissue densities and tissue susceptibilities. Tests for significantly different mean R2 * and tissue densities across disease groups were evaluated using analysis of variance, with subsequent pairwise group comparisons performed using t tests. Lung tissue density was lower in the ipsilateral lung in CDH compared to both controls and BPD patients (both p < 0.05), while only the contralateral lung in CDH (CDHc) had higher whole-lung R2 * than both controls and BPD (both p < 0.05). R2 * differences were significant between controls and CDHc within all tissue density ranges (all p < 0.05) with the exception of the 80%-90% range (p = 0.17). Simulations predicted an inverse relationship between alveolar tissue density and R2 * that matches empirical human data. Alveolar wall thickness had no effect on R2 * independent of density (p = 1). The inverse relationship between R2 * and tissue density is influenced by the presence of disease globally and regionally in neonates with BPD and CDH in the NICU. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 2. TECHNICAL EFFICACY STAGE: 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Hahn
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Annelise Malkus
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jeffery Kammerman
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Nara Higano
- Center for Pulmonary Imaging Research, Division of Pulmonary Medicine and Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Laura L Walkup
- Center for Pulmonary Imaging Research, Division of Pulmonary Medicine and Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Jason Woods
- Center for Pulmonary Imaging Research, Division of Pulmonary Medicine and Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Sean B Fain
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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12
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Huang YS, Niisato E, Su MYM, Benkert T, Hsu HH, Shih JY, Chen JS, Chang YC. Detecting small pulmonary nodules with spiral ultrashort echo time sequences in 1.5 T MRI. MAGNETIC RESONANCE MATERIALS IN PHYSICS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2020; 34:399-409. [PMID: 32902778 DOI: 10.1007/s10334-020-00885-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated ultrashort echo time (UTE) sequences in 1.5 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for small lung nodule detection. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 120 patients with 165 small lung nodules before video-associated thoracoscopic resection were enrolled. MRI sequences included conventional volumetric interpolated breath-hold examination (VIBE, scan time 16 s), spiral UTE (TE 0.05 ms) with free-breathing (scan time 3.5-5 min), and breath-hold sequences (scan time 20 s). Chest CT provided a standard reference for nodule size and morphology. Nodule detection sensitivity was evaluated on a lobe-by-lobe basis. RESULTS The nodule detection rate was significantly higher in spiral UTE free-breathing (> 78%, p < 0.05) and breath-hold sequences (> 75%, p < 0.05) compared with conventional VIBE (> 55%), reaching 100% when nodule size was > 16 mm, and reaching 95% when nodules were in solid morphology, regardless of size. The inter-sequence reliability between free-breathing and breath-hold spiral UTE was good (κ > 0.80). Inter-reader agreement was also high (κ > 0.77) for spiral UTE sequences. Nodule size measurements were consistent between CT and spiral UTE MRI, with a minimal bias up to 0.2 mm. DISCUSSION Spiral UTE sequences detect small lung nodules that warrant surgery, offers realistic scan times for clinical work, and could be implemented as part of routine lung MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Sen Huang
- Department of Medical Imaging, National Taiwan University Hospital, No.7, Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
- Department of Radiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Mao-Yuan Marine Su
- Department of Medical Imaging, National Taiwan University Hospital, No.7, Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
- Department of Radiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Hsao-Hsun Hsu
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Yuan Shih
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Shing Chen
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yeun-Chung Chang
- Department of Medical Imaging, National Taiwan University Hospital, No.7, Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, 100, Taiwan.
- Department of Radiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
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13
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Tielemans B, Dekoster K, Verleden SE, Sawall S, Leszczyński B, Laperre K, Vanstapel A, Verschakelen J, Kachelriess M, Verbeken E, Swoger J, Vande Velde G. From Mouse to Man and Back: Closing the Correlation Gap between Imaging and Histopathology for Lung Diseases. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:E636. [PMID: 32859103 PMCID: PMC7554749 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10090636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung diseases such as fibrosis, asthma, cystic fibrosis, infection and cancer are life-threatening conditions that slowly deteriorate quality of life and for which our diagnostic power is high, but our knowledge on etiology and/or effective treatment options still contains important gaps. In the context of day-to-day practice, clinical and preclinical studies, clinicians and basic researchers team up and continuously strive to increase insights into lung disease progression, diagnostic and treatment options. To unravel disease processes and to test novel therapeutic approaches, investigators typically rely on end-stage procedures such as serum analysis, cyto-/chemokine profiles and selective tissue histology from animal models. These techniques are useful but provide only a snapshot of disease processes that are essentially dynamic in time and space. Technology allowing evaluation of live animals repeatedly is indispensable to gain a better insight into the dynamics of lung disease progression and treatment effects. Computed tomography (CT) is a clinical diagnostic imaging technique that can have enormous benefits in a research context too. Yet, the implementation of imaging techniques in laboratories lags behind. In this review we want to showcase the integrated approaches and novel developments in imaging, lung functional testing and pathological techniques that are used to assess, diagnose, quantify and treat lung disease and that may be employed in research on patients and animals. Imaging approaches result in often novel anatomical and functional biomarkers, resulting in many advantages, such as better insight in disease progression and a reduction in the numbers of animals necessary. We here showcase integrated assessment of lung disease with imaging and histopathological technologies, applied to the example of lung fibrosis. Better integration of clinical and preclinical imaging technologies with pathology will ultimately result in improved clinical translation of (therapy) study results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birger Tielemans
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (B.T.); (K.D.); (J.V.); (E.V.)
| | - Kaat Dekoster
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (B.T.); (K.D.); (J.V.); (E.V.)
| | - Stijn E. Verleden
- Department of CHROMETA, BREATHE lab, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (S.E.V.); (A.V.)
| | - Stefan Sawall
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), X-Ray Imaging and CT, Heidelberg University, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany; (S.S.); (M.K.)
| | - Bartosz Leszczyński
- Department of Medical Physics, M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, 31-007 Kraków, Poland;
| | | | - Arno Vanstapel
- Department of CHROMETA, BREATHE lab, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (S.E.V.); (A.V.)
| | - Johny Verschakelen
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (B.T.); (K.D.); (J.V.); (E.V.)
| | - Marc Kachelriess
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), X-Ray Imaging and CT, Heidelberg University, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany; (S.S.); (M.K.)
| | - Erik Verbeken
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (B.T.); (K.D.); (J.V.); (E.V.)
| | - Jim Swoger
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) Barcelona, 08003 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Greetje Vande Velde
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (B.T.); (K.D.); (J.V.); (E.V.)
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14
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A novel Approach for Non-Invasive Lung Imaging and Targeting Lung Immune Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21051613. [PMID: 32120819 PMCID: PMC7084491 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite developments in pulmonary radiotherapy, radiation-induced lung toxicity remains a problem. More sensitive lung imaging able to increase the accuracy of diagnosis and radiotherapy may help reduce this problem. Super-paramagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles are used in imaging, but without further modification can cause unwanted toxicity and inflammation. Complex carbohydrate and polymer-based coatings have been used, but simpler compounds may provide additional benefits. Herein, we designed and generated super-paramagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles coated with the neutral natural dietary amino acid glycine (GSPIONs), to support non-invasive lung imaging and determined particle biodistribution, as well as understanding the impact of the interaction of these nanoparticles with lung immune cells. These GSPIONs were characterized to be crystalline, colloidally stable, with a size of 12 ± 5 nm and a hydrodynamic diameter of 84.19 ± 18 nm. Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen (CHN) elemental analysis estimated approximately 20.2 × 103 glycine molecules present per nanoparticle. We demonstrated that it is possible to determine the biodistribution of the GSPIONs in the lung using three-dimensional (3D) ultra-short echo time magnetic resonance imaging. The GSPIONs were found to be taken up selectively by alveolar macrophages and neutrophils in the lung. In addition, the GSPIONs did not cause changes to airway resistance or induce inflammatory cytokines. Alveolar macrophages and neutrophils are critical regulators of pulmonary inflammatory diseases, including allergies, infections, asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Therefore, pulmonary Magnetic Resonance (MR) imaging and preferential targeting of these lung resident cells by our nanoparticles offer precise imaging tools, which can be utilized to develop precision targeted radiotherapy as well as diagnostic tools for lung cancer, thereby having the potential to reduce the pulmonary complications of radiation.
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15
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Hahn AD, Malkus A, Kammerman J, Higano N, Walkup L, Woods J, Fain SB. Characterization of R 2 ∗ and tissue density in the human lung: Application to neonatal imaging in the intensive care unit. Magn Reson Med 2019; 84:920-927. [PMID: 31855294 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Novel demonstration of R 2 ∗ and tissue density estimation in infant lungs using 3D ultrashort echo time MRI. Differences between adult and neonates with no clinical indication of lung pathology is explored, as well as relationships between parameter estimates and gravitationally dependent position and lung inflation state. This provides a tool for probing physiologic processes that may be relevant to pulmonary disease and progression in newborns. METHODS R 2 ∗ and tissue density were estimated in a phantom consisting of standards allowing for ground truth comparisons and in human subjects (N = 5 infants, N = 4 adults, no clinical indication of lung dysfunction) using a 3D radial multiecho ultrashort echo time MRI sequence. Whole lung averages were compared between infants and adults. Dependence of the metrics on anterior-posterior position as well as between end-tidal inspiration and expiration were explored, in addition to the general relationship between R 2 ∗ and tissue density. RESULTS Estimates in the phantom did not differ significantly from ground truth. Neonates had significantly lower mean R 2 ∗ (P = .006) and higher mean tissue density (P = 1.5e-5) than adults. Tissue density and R 2 ∗ were both significantly dependent on anterior-posterior position and lung inflation state (P < .005). An overall inverse relationship was found between R 2 ∗ and tissue density, which was similar in both neonates and adults. CONCLUSION Estimation of tissue density and R 2 ∗ in free breathing, nonsedated, neonatal patients is feasible using multiecho ultrashort echo time MRI. R 2 ∗ was no different between infants and adults when matched for tissue density, although density of lung parenchyma was, on average, lower in adults than neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Hahn
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Annelise Malkus
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Jeffery Kammerman
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Nara Higano
- Center for Pulmonary Imaging Research, Division of Pulmonary Medicine and Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Laura Walkup
- Center for Pulmonary Imaging Research, Division of Pulmonary Medicine and Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Jason Woods
- Center for Pulmonary Imaging Research, Division of Pulmonary Medicine and Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Sean B Fain
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin.,Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
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16
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Weiger M, Pruessmann KP. Short-T 2 MRI: Principles and recent advances. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2019; 114-115:237-270. [PMID: 31779882 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2019.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Among current modalities of biomedical and diagnostic imaging, MRI stands out by virtue of its versatile contrast obtained without ionizing radiation. However, in various cases, e.g., water protons in tissues such as bone, tendon, and lung, MRI performance is limited by the rapid decay of resonance signals associated with short transverse relaxation times T2 or T2*. Efforts to address this shortcoming have led to a variety of specialized short-T2 techniques. Recent progress in this field expands the choice of methods and prompts fresh considerations with regard to instrumentation, data acquisition, and signal processing. In this review, the current status of short-T2 MRI is surveyed. In an attempt to structure the growing range of techniques, the presentation highlights overarching concepts and basic methodological options. The most frequently used approaches are described in detail, including acquisition strategies, image reconstruction, hardware requirements, means of introducing contrast, sources of artifacts, limitations, and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Weiger
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Klaas P Pruessmann
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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17
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Bae K, Jeon KN, Hwang MJ, Lee JS, Ha JY, Ryu KH, Kim HC. Comparison of lung imaging using three-dimensional ultrashort echo time and zero echo time sequences: preliminary study. Eur Radiol 2018; 29:2253-2262. [PMID: 30547204 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-018-5889-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the feasibility of using high-resolution volumetric zero echo time (ZTE) sequence in routine lung magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and compare free breathing 3D ultrashort echo time (UTE) and ZTE lung MRI in terms of image quality and small-nodule detection. MATERIALS AND METHODS Our Institutional Review Board approved this study. Twenty patients underwent both UTE and ZTE sequences during routine lung MR. UTE and ZTE images were compared in terms of subjective image quality and detection of lung parenchymal signal, intrapulmonary structures, and sub-centimeter nodules. Differences between the two sequences were compared through statistical analysis. RESULTS Lung parenchyma showed significantly (p < 0.05) higher signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in ZTE than in UTE. The SNR and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) of peripheral bronchus and small pulmonary arteries were significantly (all p < 0.05) higher in ZTE. Subjective image quality evaluated by two independent radiologists in terms of depicting normal structures and overall acceptability was superior in ZTE (p < 0.05). The diagnostic accuracy for sub-centimeter nodules was significantly higher for ZTE (reader 1: AUC, 0.972; p = 0.044; reader 2: AUC, 0.946; p = 0.045) than that for UTE (reader 1: AUC, 0.885; reader 2: AUC, 0.855). Mean scan time was 131 s (125-141 s) in ZTE and 467 s (453-508 s) in UTE. ZTE images were obtained with less acoustic noise. CONCLUSION Implementing ZTE as an additional sequence in routine lung MR is feasible. ZTE can provide high-resolution pulmonary structural information with better SNR and CNR using shorter time than UTE. KEY POINTS • Both UTE and ZTE techniques use very short TEs to capture signals from very short T2/T2* tissues. • ZTE is superior in capturing lung parenchymal signal than UTE. • ZTE provides high-resolution structural information with better SNR and CNR for normal intrapulmonary structures and small nodules using shorter scan time than UTE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungsoo Bae
- Department of Radiology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, South Korea.,Department of Radiology, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, 555 Samjeongja-dong, Seongsan-gu, Changwon, 51472, South Korea
| | - Kyung Nyeo Jeon
- Department of Radiology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, South Korea. .,Department of Radiology, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, 555 Samjeongja-dong, Seongsan-gu, Changwon, 51472, South Korea.
| | - Moon Jung Hwang
- General Electronics (GE) Healthcare Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Joon Sung Lee
- General Electronics (GE) Healthcare Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji Young Ha
- Department of Radiology, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, 555 Samjeongja-dong, Seongsan-gu, Changwon, 51472, South Korea
| | - Kyeong Hwa Ryu
- Department of Radiology, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, 555 Samjeongja-dong, Seongsan-gu, Changwon, 51472, South Korea
| | - Ho Cheol Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, South Korea
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18
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Gadolinium-Based Blood Volume Mapping From MRI With Ultrashort TE Versus CT and SPECT for Predicting Postoperative Lung Function in Patients With Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2018; 212:57-66. [PMID: 30422708 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.18.20095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study is to directly compare the capability of gadolinium-based blood volume (BV) mapping from MRI (BV-MRI) with ultrashort TE (UTE) with that of CT and perfusion SPECT in predicting the postoperative lung function of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). SUBJECTS AND METHODS Unenhanced and contrast-enhanced MRI with UTE, thin-section CT, and perfusion SPECT examinations and measurements of the percentage of forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) before and after lung resection were performed for 29 patients with NSCLC (16 men [mean age, 66 years] and 13 women [mean age, 66 years]). BV-MRI with UTE was generated as a percentage of the signal change between unenhanced and contrast-enhanced MRI. The postoperative percentage of FEV1 was predicted from perfusion fractions derived from BV-MRI with UTE and from SPECT. Quantitatively and qualitatively predicted postoperative percentages of FEV1 from CT were calculated from the functional lung volumes and the number of segments. Each predicted postoperative percentage of FEV1 was then correlated with the actual postoperative percentage of FEV1, and the limits of agreement for each actual and predicted postoperative percentage of FEV1 were evaluated by Bland-Altman analysis. RESULTS Correlations between actual and predicted postoperative percentages of FEV1 for all methods were strong and significant (0.88 ≤ r ≤ 0.95). The limits of agreement (mean ± 1.96 × SD) for BV-MRI with UTE (4.2% ± 6.5%) and quantitatively assessed CT (4.1% ± 6.5%) were smaller than those for qualitatively assessed CT (4.2% ± 9.8%) and perfusion SPECT (5.7% ± 8.7%). CONCLUSION BV-MRI with UTE has the potential to predict the postoperative lung function of patients with NSCLC more accurately than qualitatively assessed CT and SPECT, and it can be considered to be at least as useful as quantitatively assessed CT.
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19
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Aaltonen HL, Kindvall SS, Jakobsson JK, Löndahl J, Olsson LE, Diaz S, Zackrisson S, Wollmer P. Airspace Dimension Assessment with nanoparticles reflects lung density as quantified by MRI. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:2989-2995. [PMID: 29861632 PMCID: PMC5968779 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s160331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Airspace Dimension Assessment with inhaled nanoparticles is a novel method to determine distal airway morphology. This is the first empirical study using Airspace Dimension Assessment with nanoparticles (AiDA) to estimate distal airspace radius. The technology is relatively simple and potentially accessible in clinical outpatient settings. Method Nineteen never-smoking volunteers performed nanoparticle inhalation tests at multiple breath-hold times, and the difference in nanoparticle concentration of inhaled and exhaled gas was measured. An exponential decay curve was fitted to the concentration of recovered nanoparticles, and airspace dimensions were assessed from the half-life of the decay. Pulmonary tissue density was measured using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Results The distal airspace radius measured by AiDA correlated with lung tissue density as measured by MRI (ρ = −0.584; p = 0.0086). The linear intercept of the logarithm of the exponential decay curve correlated with forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) (ρ = 0.549; p = 0.0149). Conclusion The AiDA method shows potential to be developed into a tool to assess conditions involving changes in distal airways, eg, emphysema. The intercept may reflect airway properties; this finding should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Laura Aaltonen
- Department of Medical Imaging and Physiology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Simon S Kindvall
- Department of Medical Radiation Physics, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | | | - Jakob Löndahl
- Department of Design Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lars E Olsson
- Department of Medical Radiation Physics, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Hematology, Oncology and Radiation Physics, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Sandra Diaz
- Department of Medical Imaging and Physiology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Sophia Zackrisson
- Department of Medical Imaging and Physiology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Per Wollmer
- Department of Medical Imaging and Physiology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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20
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Yoon SH, Lee C, Park J, Goo JM, Park JY. Gradient-echo-based 3D submillisecond echo time pulmonary MR imaging: a preliminary usability study on clinical and preclinical MR scanners. Br J Radiol 2018; 91:20170796. [PMID: 29569463 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20170796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To preliminarily investigate a technical feasibility of a submillisecond echo time concurrent-dephasing-and-excitation (CODE) sequence for pulmonary MRI on clinical and preclinical MR scanners Methods: CODE imaging (echo time, 0.14 ~ 0.18 ms) was performed with American College of Radiology phantom at 3 T, 7 healthy volunteers at 1.5 and 3 T, 10 rabbits at 3 T, and 2 rodents at 9.4 T. Signal-to-noise ratio was compared in phantom. Image quality of human MRI was visually assessed on a 5-point scale for comparison between CODE and conventional lung MRI sequences. Visibility of bronchi, subcentimeter nodules, and MR air-bronchogram were assessed in animal studies. RESULTS In phantom study, signal-to-noise ratio was higher with CODE than with original three-dimensional ultrashort-echo time sequence (106.71 ± 4.32 vs 91.66 ± 3.54; p < 0.001). Image quality of human MRI was better with CODE than with conventional MRI sequences (p ≤ 0.002). Bronchi remained traceable up to the fifth bronchial generation in CODE images in rabbits and rodents. 95.2% of metastatic nodules (diameter, 1.5 ± 0.4 mm) and 93.8% of MR air-bronchogram (diameter, 0.9 ± 0.2 mm) in rabbits. CONCLUSION Submillisecond echo time pulmonary MRI was technically feasible by using CODE on various MR scanners. Advances in knowledge: CODE can be a practical alternative for lung MRI on both clinical and pre-clinical scanners, without challenges of free-induction-decay-based ultrashort-echo time sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soon Ho Yoon
- 1 Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital , Seoul , South Korea
| | - Chanhee Lee
- 2 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research, Institute for Basic Science, Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon-si , South Korea
| | - Jinil Park
- 2 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research, Institute for Basic Science, Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon-si , South Korea
| | - Jin Mo Goo
- 1 Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital , Seoul , South Korea.,3 Institute of Radiation Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center , Seoul , South Korea
| | - Jang-Yeon Park
- 2 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research, Institute for Basic Science, Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon-si , South Korea
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Wang L. Screening and Biosensor-Based Approaches for Lung Cancer Detection. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2017; 17:E2420. [PMID: 29065541 PMCID: PMC5677261 DOI: 10.3390/s17102420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Early diagnosis of lung cancer helps to reduce the cancer death rate significantly. Over the years, investigators worldwide have extensively investigated many screening modalities for lung cancer detection, including computerized tomography, chest X-ray, positron emission tomography, sputum cytology, magnetic resonance imaging and biopsy. However, these techniques are not suitable for patients with other pathologies. Developing a rapid and sensitive technique for early diagnosis of lung cancer is urgently needed. Biosensor-based techniques have been recently recommended as a rapid and cost-effective tool for early diagnosis of lung tumor markers. This paper reviews the recent development in screening and biosensor-based techniques for early lung cancer detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Wang
- School of Instrument Science and Opto-electronics Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
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22
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Guo J, Cao X, Cleveland ZI, Woods JC. Murine pulmonary imaging at 7T: T2* and T 1 with anisotropic UTE. Magn Reson Med 2017; 79:2254-2264. [PMID: 28812309 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.26872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To measure the T2* and T1 of mouse lung at 7T via anisotropic-resolution radial ultrashort echo-time imaging with ellipsoidal k-space coverage. METHODS Ellipsoidal field-of-view was created by expanding uniform spherical k-space coverage. The effects of T2* and ellipsoidal sampling on image resolution were investigated by using point-spread-function analysis and resolution phantoms. Finally, this ellipsoidal sampling approach was used to measure the lung T2* and T1 of healthy C57BL/6 mice at the increasingly common preclinical field strength of 7T. RESULTS Lung parenchyma T2* of 17- to 23-week-old mice at 7T was 0.395 ± 0.033 ms. T1 of lung and left- and right-heart ventricles was 1452.5 ± 87.0 ms, 1810.5 ± 54.6 ms, and 1602.6 ± 120.9 ms, respectively. Ellipsoidal k-space sampling provides enhanced resolution for a fixed scanning time or provides equivalent (although anisotropic) spatial resolution with reduced scanning times, while simultaneously avoiding fold-in artifacts. CONCLUSION Using these techniques, the first T2* and T1 measures of mouse lung at 7T are reported. Ultrashort echo-time imaging with ellipsoidal k-space coverage significantly increases in-plane resolution without increasing scanning time, or equivalently, decreases scanning time while maintaining equivalent in-plane resolution. Magn Reson Med 79:2254-2264, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinbang Guo
- Center for Pulmonary Imaging Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Department of Physics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Xuefeng Cao
- Center for Pulmonary Imaging Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Department of Physics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Zackary I Cleveland
- Center for Pulmonary Imaging Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Jason C Woods
- Center for Pulmonary Imaging Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Department of Physics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Department of Physics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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Egger C, Cannet C, Gérard C, Suply T, Ksiazek I, Jarman E, Beckmann N. Effects of the fibroblast activation protein inhibitor, PT100, in a murine model of pulmonary fibrosis. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 809:64-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Long T2 suppression in native lung 3-D imaging using k-space reordered inversion recovery dual-echo ultrashort echo time MRI. MAGNETIC RESONANCE MATERIALS IN PHYSICS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2017; 30:387-395. [DOI: 10.1007/s10334-017-0613-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Olsson LE, Hockings PD. In Vivo Measurements of T2 Relaxation Time of Mouse Lungs during Inspiration and Expiration. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166879. [PMID: 27936061 PMCID: PMC5147840 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The interest in measurements of magnetic resonance imaging relaxation times, T1, T2, T2*, with intention to characterize healthy and diseased lungs has increased recently. Animal studies play an important role in this context providing models for understanding and linking the measured relaxation time changes to the underlying physiology or disease. The aim of this work was to study how the measured transversal relaxation time (T2) in healthy lungs is affected by normal respiration in mouse. Method T2 of lung was measured in anaesthetized freely breathing mice. Image acquisition was performed on a 4.7 T, Bruker BioSpec with a multi spin-echo sequence (Car-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill) in both end-expiration and end-inspiration. The echo trains consisted of ten echoes of inter echo time 3.5 ms or 4.0 ms. The proton density, T2 and noise floor were fitted to the measured signals of the lung parenchyma with a Levenberg-Marquardt least-squares three-parameter fit. Results T2 in the lungs was longer (p<0.01) at end-expiration (9.7±0.7 ms) than at end-inspiration (9.0±0.8 ms) measured with inter-echo time 3.5 ms. The corresponding relative proton density (lung/muscle tissue) was higher (p<0.001) during end-expiration, (0.61±0.06) than during end-inspiration (0.48±0.05). The ratio of relative proton density at end-inspiration to that at end-expiration was 0.78±0.09. Similar results were found for inter-echo time 4.0 ms and there was no significant difference between the T2 values or proton densities acquired with different interecho times. The T2 value increased linearly (p< 0.001) with proton density. Conclusion The measured T2 in-vivo is affected by diffusion across internal magnetic susceptibility gradients. In the lungs these gradients are modulated by respiration, as verified by calculations. In conclusion the measured T2 was found to be dependent on the size of the alveoli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars E. Olsson
- Department of Medical Radiation Physics, Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Paul D. Hockings
- Antaros Medical, BioVenture Hub, Mölndal, Sweden
- Medtech West, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Gai ND, Malayeri AA, Bluemke DA. Three-dimensional T1 and T2* mapping of human lung parenchyma using interleaved saturation recovery with dual echo ultrashort echo time imaging (ITSR-DUTE). J Magn Reson Imaging 2016; 45:1097-1104. [DOI: 10.1002/jmri.25487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Neville D. Gai
- Radiology & Imaging Sciences, National Institutes of Health; Bethesda Maryland USA
| | - Ashkan A. Malayeri
- Radiology & Imaging Sciences, National Institutes of Health; Bethesda Maryland USA
| | - David A. Bluemke
- Radiology & Imaging Sciences, National Institutes of Health; Bethesda Maryland USA
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Abstract
Involvement of the respiratory system is common in connective tissue diseases (CTDs), and the resultant lung injury can affect every part of the lung: the pleura, alveoli, interstitium, vasculature, lymphatic tissue, and large and/or small airways. Most of the parenchymal manifestations of CTD are similar to those found in interstitial lung diseases (ILDs), especially idiopathic interstitial pneumonias, and can be classified using the same system. Although there is some overlap, each CTD is associated with a characteristic pattern of pulmonary involvement. For this reason, thin-section CT as well as pulmonary function tests and serum markers are utilized for diagnosis, disease severity assessment, and therapeutic efficacy evaluation of ILD associated with CTD. In addition, newly developed pulmonary magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) procedures have been recommended as useful alternative imaging options for patients with CTD. This review article will (1) address radiological findings for chest radiography and conventional or thin-section CT currently used for six major types of CTD, rheumatoid arthritis, scleroderma (progressive systemic sclerosis), polymyositis/dermatomyositis, systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjögren syndrome and mixed connective tissue disease; (2) briefly deal with radiation dose reduction for thin-section CT examination; and (3) discuss clinically applicable or state-of-the-art MR imaging for CTD patients.
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Ma YJ, Chang EY, Bydder GM, Du J. Can ultrashort-TE (UTE) MRI sequences on a 3-T clinical scanner detect signal directly from collagen protons: freeze-dry and D2 O exchange studies of cortical bone and Achilles tendon specimens. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2016; 29:912-7. [PMID: 27148693 PMCID: PMC4909542 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Ultrashort-TE (UTE) sequences can obtain signal directly from short-T2 , collagen-rich tissues. It is generally accepted that bound and free water can be detected with UTE techniques, but the ability to detect protons directly on the collagen molecule remains controversial. In this study, we investigated the potential of UTE sequences on a 3-T clinical scanner to detect collagen protons via freeze-drying and D2 O-H2 O exchange studies. Experiments were performed on bovine cortical bone and human Achilles tendon specimens, which were either subject to freeze-drying for over 66 h or D2 O-H2 O exchange for 6 days. Specimens were imaged using two- and three-dimensional UTE with Cones trajectory techniques with a minimum TE of 8 μs at 3 T. UTE images before treatment showed high signal from all specimens with bi-component T2 * behavior. Bovine cortical bone showed a shorter T2 * component of 0.36 ms and a longer T2 * component of 2.30 ms with fractions of 78.2% and 21.8% by volume, respectively. Achilles tendon showed a shorter T2 * component of 1.22 ms and a longer T2 * component of 15.1 ms with fractions of 81.1% and 18.9% by volume, respectively. Imaging after freeze-drying or D2 O-H2 O exchange resulted in either the absence or near-absence of signal. These results indicate that bound and free water are the sole sources of UTE signal in bovine cortical bone and human Achilles tendon samples on a clinical 3-T scanner. Protons on the native collagen molecule are not directly visible when imaged using UTE sequences. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Jun Ma
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, CA
| | - Eric Y Chang
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, CA
- Radiology Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA
| | - Graeme M. Bydder
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, CA
| | - Jiang Du
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, CA
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Longitudinal, in vivo assessment of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in mice by computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. J Transl Med 2016; 96:692-704. [PMID: 27019389 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2016.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasive aspergillosis is an emerging threat to public health due to the increasing use of immune suppressive drugs and the emergence of resistance against antifungal drugs. To deal with this threat, research on experimental disease models provides insight into the pathogenesis of infections caused by susceptible and resistant Aspergillus strains and by assessing their response to antifungal drugs. However, standard techniques used to evaluate infection in a preclinical setting are severely limited by their invasive character, thereby precluding evaluation of disease extent and therapy effects in the same animal. To enable non-invasive, longitudinal monitoring of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in mice, we optimized computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques for daily follow-up of neutropenic BALB/c mice intranasally infected with A. fumigatus spores. Based on the images, lung parameters (signal intensity, lung tissue volume and total lung volume) were quantified to obtain objective information on disease onset, progression and extent for each animal individually. Fungal lung lesions present in infected animals were successfully visualized and quantified by both CT and MRI. By using an advanced MR pulse sequence with ultrashort echo times, pathological changes within the infected lung became visually and quantitatively detectable at earlier disease stages, thereby providing valuable information on disease onset and progression with high sensitivity. In conclusion, these non-invasive imaging techniques prove to be valuable tools for the longitudinal evaluation of dynamic disease-related changes and differences in disease severity in individual animals that might be readily applied for rapid and cost-efficient drug screening in preclinical models in vivo.
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Roach DJ, Crémillieux Y, Serai SD, Thomen RP, Wang H, Zou Y, Szczesniak RD, Benzaquen S, Woods JC. Morphological and quantitative evaluation of emphysema in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients: A comparative study of MRI with CT. J Magn Reson Imaging 2016; 44:1656-1663. [DOI: 10.1002/jmri.25309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- David J. Roach
- Center for Pulmonary Imaging Research; Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; Cincinnati Ohio USA
- Pulmonary Medicine; Cincinnati Children's Hospital; Cincinnati Ohio USA
| | - Yannick Crémillieux
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Université de Bordeaux; Bordeaux France
| | - Suraj D. Serai
- Radiology Department Cincinnati Children's Hospital; Cincinnati Ohio USA
| | - Robert P. Thomen
- Center for Pulmonary Imaging Research; Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; Cincinnati Ohio USA
- Department of Physics; Washington University in St. Louis; St. Louis Missouri USA
| | - Hui Wang
- Philips Healthcare; Cleveland Ohio USA
| | - Yuanshu Zou
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology; Cincinnati Children's Hospital; Cincinnati Ohio USA
| | - Rhonda D. Szczesniak
- Pulmonary Medicine; Cincinnati Children's Hospital; Cincinnati Ohio USA
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology; Cincinnati Children's Hospital; Cincinnati Ohio USA
| | - Sadia Benzaquen
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine; Cincinnati Ohio USA
| | - Jason C. Woods
- Center for Pulmonary Imaging Research; Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; Cincinnati Ohio USA
- Pulmonary Medicine; Cincinnati Children's Hospital; Cincinnati Ohio USA
- Radiology Department Cincinnati Children's Hospital; Cincinnati Ohio USA
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Zurek M, Sladen L, Johansson E, Olsson M, Jackson S, Zhang H, Mayer G, Hockings PD. Assessing the Relationship between Lung Density and Function with Oxygen-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging in a Mouse Model of Emphysema. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151211. [PMID: 26977928 PMCID: PMC4792441 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose A magnetic resonance imaging method is presented that allows for the simultaneous assessment of oxygen delivery, oxygen uptake, and parenchymal density. The technique is applied to a mouse model of porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE) induced lung emphysema in order to investigate how structural changes affect lung function. Method Nine-week-old female C57BL6 mice were instilled with saline or PPE at days 0 and 7. At day 19, oxygen delivery, oxygen uptake, and lung density were quantified from T1 and proton-density measurements obtained via oxygen-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (OE-MRI) using an ultrashort echo-time imaging sequence. Subsequently, the lungs were sectioned for histological observation. Blood-gas analyses and pulmonary functional tests via FlexiVent were performed in separate cohorts. Principal Findings PPE-challenged mice had reduced density when assessed via MRI, consistent with the parenchyma loss observed in the histology sections, and an increased lung compliance was detected via FlexiVent. The oxygenation levels, as assessed via the blood-gas analysis, showed no difference between PPE-challenged animals and control. This finding was mirrored in the global MRI assessments of oxygen delivery and uptake, where the changes in relaxation time indices were matched between the groups. The heterogeneity of the same parameters however, were increased in PPE-challenged animals. When the oxygenation status was investigated in regions of varying density, a reduced oxygen-uptake was found in low-density regions of PPE-challenged mice. In high-density regions the uptake was higher than that of regions of corresponding density in control animals. The oxygen delivery was proportional to the oxygen uptake in both groups. Conclusions The proposed method allowed for the regional assessment of the relationship between lung density and two aspects of lung function, the oxygen delivery and uptake. When compared to global indices of lung function, an increased sensitivity for detecting heterogeneous lung disorders was found. This indicated that the technique has potential for early detection of lung dysfunction–before global changes occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Zurek
- Personalised Healthcare and Biomarkers, Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Louise Sladen
- Respiratory, Inflammation & Autoimmunity, Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Edvin Johansson
- Personalised Healthcare and Biomarkers, Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marita Olsson
- Discovery Sciences, Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sonya Jackson
- Respiratory, Inflammation & Autoimmunity, Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hui Zhang
- Drug Safety and Metabolism, Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gaell Mayer
- Respiratory, Inflammation & Autoimmunity, Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Paul D. Hockings
- Personalised Healthcare and Biomarkers, Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
- MedTech West, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Kovtunov KV, Romanov AS, Salnikov OG, Barskiy DA, Chekmenev EY, Koptyug IV. Gas Phase UTE MRI of Propane and Propene. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 2:49-55. [PMID: 27478870 PMCID: PMC4966642 DOI: 10.18383/j.tom.2016.00112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Proton magnetic resonance imaging (1H MRI) of gases can potentially enable functional lung imaging to probe gas ventilation and other functions. Here, 1H MR images of hyperpolarized (HP) and thermally polarized propane gas were obtained using ultrashort echo time (UTE) pulse sequence. A 2-dimensional (2D) image of thermally polarized propane gas with ∼0.9 × 0.9 mm2 spatial resolution was obtained in <2 seconds, showing that even non-HP hydrocarbon gases can be successfully used for conventional proton magnetic resonance imaging. The experiments were also performed with HP propane gas, and high-resolution multislice FLASH 2D images in ∼510 seconds and non-slice-selective 2D UTE MRI images were acquired in ∼2 seconds. The UTE approach adopted in this study can be potentially used for medical lung imaging. Furthermore, the possibility of combining UTE with selective suppression of 1H signals from 1 of the 2 gases in a mixture is shown in this MRI study. The latter can be useful for visualizing industrially important processes where several gases may be present, eg, gas–solid catalytic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill V Kovtunov
- International Tomography Center, SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya St., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Alexey S Romanov
- International Tomography Center, SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya St., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Oleg G Salnikov
- International Tomography Center, SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya St., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Danila A Barskiy
- Vanderbilt University, Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Department of Radiology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center (VICC), Nashville, Tennessee, 37232-2310, USA
| | - Eduard Y Chekmenev
- Vanderbilt University, Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Department of Radiology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center (VICC), Nashville, Tennessee, 37232-2310, USA
| | - Igor V Koptyug
- International Tomography Center, SB RAS, 3A Institutskaya St., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
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Hoffman EA, Lynch DA, Barr RG, van Beek EJR, Parraga G. Pulmonary CT and MRI phenotypes that help explain chronic pulmonary obstruction disease pathophysiology and outcomes. J Magn Reson Imaging 2016; 43:544-57. [PMID: 26199216 PMCID: PMC5207206 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.25010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary x-ray computed tomographic (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) research and development has been motivated, in part, by the quest to subphenotype common chronic lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). For thoracic CT and MRI, the main COPD research tools, disease biomarkers are being validated that go beyond anatomy and structure to include pulmonary functional measurements such as regional ventilation, perfusion, and inflammation. In addition, there has also been a drive to improve spatial and contrast resolution while at the same time reducing or eliminating radiation exposure. Therefore, this review focuses on our evolving understanding of patient-relevant and clinically important COPD endpoints and how current and emerging MRI and CT tools and measurements may be exploited for their identification, quantification, and utilization. Since reviews of the imaging physics of pulmonary CT and MRI and reviews of other COPD imaging methods were previously published and well-summarized, we focus on the current clinical challenges in COPD and the potential of newly emerging MR and CT imaging measurements to address them. Here we summarize MRI and CT imaging methods and their clinical translation for generating reproducible and sensitive measurements of COPD related to pulmonary ventilation and perfusion as well as parenchyma morphology. The key clinical problems in COPD provide an important framework in which pulmonary imaging needs to rapidly move in order to address the staggering burden, costs, as well as the mortality and morbidity associated with COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric A Hoffman
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - David A Lynch
- Department of Radiology, National Jewish Health Center, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - R Graham Barr
- Division of General Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Edwin J R van Beek
- Clinical Research Imaging Centre, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Grace Parraga
- Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
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Marenzana M, Vande Velde G. Refine, reduce, replace: Imaging of fibrosis and arthritis in animal models. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2015; 29:715-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.berh.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Bianchi A, Tibiletti M, Kjørstad Å, Birk G, Schad LR, Stierstorfer B, Rasche V, Stiller D. Three-dimensional accurate detection of lung emphysema in rats using ultra-short and zero echo time MRI. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2015; 28:1471-1479. [PMID: 26403226 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Revised: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Emphysema is a life-threatening pathology that causes irreversible destruction of alveolar walls. In vivo imaging techniques play a fundamental role in the early non-invasive pre-clinical and clinical detection and longitudinal follow-up of this pathology. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the feasibility of using high resolution radial three-dimensional (3D) zero echo time (ZTE) and 3D ultra-short echo time (UTE) MRI to accurately detect lung pathomorphological changes in a rodent model of emphysema.Porcine pancreas elastase (PPE) was intratracheally administered to the rats to produce the emphysematous changes. 3D ZTE MRI, low and high definition 3D UTE MRI and micro-computed tomography images were acquired 4 weeks after the PPE challenge. Signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) were measured in PPE-treated and control rats. T2* values were computed from low definition 3D UTE MRI. Histomorphometric measurements were made after euthanizing the animals. Both ZTE and UTE MR images showed a significant decrease in the SNR measured in PPE-treated lungs compared with controls, due to the pathomorphological changes taking place in the challenged lungs. A significant decrease in T2* values in PPE-challenged animals compared with controls was measured using UTE MRI. Histomorphometric measurements showed a significant increase in the mean linear intercept in PPE-treated lungs. UTE yielded significantly higher SNR compared with ZTE (14% and 30% higher in PPE-treated and non-PPE-treated lungs, respectively).This study showed that optimized 3D radial UTE and ZTE MRI can provide lung images of excellent quality, with high isotropic spatial resolution (400 µm) and SNR in parenchymal tissue (>25) and negligible motion artifacts in freely breathing animals. These techniques were shown to be useful non-invasive instruments to accurately and reliably detect the pathomorphological alterations taking place in emphysematous lungs, without incurring the risks of cumulative radiation exposure typical of micro-computed tomography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Bianchi
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Target Discovery Research, In-Vivo Imaging Laboratory, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Marta Tibiletti
- Core Facility Small Animal MRI, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Åsmund Kjørstad
- Computer Assisted Clinical Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Gerald Birk
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Target Discovery Research, Target Validation Technologies, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Lothar R Schad
- Computer Assisted Clinical Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Birgit Stierstorfer
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Target Discovery Research, Target Validation Technologies, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Volker Rasche
- Core Facility Small Animal MRI, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Detlef Stiller
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Target Discovery Research, In-Vivo Imaging Laboratory, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
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Ravikumar P, Menon JU, Punnakitikashem P, Gyawali D, Togao O, Takahashi M, Zhang J, Ye J, Moe OW, Nguyen KT, Hsia CCW. Nanoparticle facilitated inhalational delivery of erythropoietin receptor cDNA protects against hyperoxic lung injury. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2015; 12:811-821. [PMID: 26518603 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Our goals were to develop and establish nanoparticle (NP)-facilitated inhalational gene delivery, and to validate its biomedical application by testing the hypothesis that targeted upregulation of pulmonary erythropoietin receptor (EpoR) expression protects against lung injury. Poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) NPs encapsulating various tracers were characterized and nebulizated into rat lungs. Widespread NP uptake and distribution within alveolar cells were visualized by magnetic resonance imaging, and fluorescent and electron microscopy. Inhalation of nebulized NPs bearing EpoR cDNA upregulated pulmonary EpoR expression and downstream signal transduction (ERK1/2 and STAT5 phosphorylation) in rats for up to 21 days, and attenuated hyperoxia-induced damage in lung tissue based on apoptosis, oxidative damage of DNA, protein and lipid, tissue edema, and alveolar morphology compared to vector-treated control animals. These results establish the feasibility and therapeutic efficacy of NP-facilitated cDNA delivery to the lung, and demonstrate that targeted pulmonary EpoR upregulation mitigates acute oxidative lung damage. FROM THE CLINICAL EDITOR Acute lung injury often results in significant morbidity and mortality, and current therapeutic modalities have proven to be ineffective. In this article, the authors developed nanocarrier based gene therapy in an attempt to upregulate the expression of pulmonary erythropoietin receptor in an animal model. Inhalation delivery resulted in reduction of lung damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Ravikumar
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Charles and Jane Pak Center for Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jyothi U Menon
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
| | | | - Dipendra Gyawali
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Osamu Togao
- Department of Radiology and Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Masaya Takahashi
- Department of Radiology and Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jianning Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jianfeng Ye
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Charles and Jane Pak Center for Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Orson W Moe
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Charles and Jane Pak Center for Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Kytai T Nguyen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA.
| | - Connie C W Hsia
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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Gai ND, Malayeri A, Agarwal H, Evers R, Bluemke D. Evaluation of optimized breath-hold and free-breathing 3D ultrashort echo time contrast agent-free MRI of the human lung. J Magn Reson Imaging 2015; 43:1230-8. [PMID: 26458867 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.25073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate an optimized stack of radials ultrashort echo time (UTE) 3D magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequence for breath-hold and free-breathing imaging of the human lung. MATERIALS AND METHODS A 3D stack of ultrashort echo time radials trajectory was optimized for coronal and axial lower-resolution breath-hold and higher-resolution free-breathing scans using Bloch simulations. The sequence was evaluated in 10 volunteers, without the use of contrast agents. Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) mean and 95% confidence interval (CI) were determined from separate signal and noise images in a semiautomated fashion. The four scanning schemes were evaluated for significant differences in image quality using Student's t-test. Ten clinical patients were scanned with the sequence and findings were compared with concomitant computed tomography (CT) in nine patients. Breath-hold 3D spokes images were compared with 3D stack of radials in five volunteers. A Mann-Whitney U-test was performed to test significance in both cases. RESULTS Breath-hold imaging of the entire lung in volunteers was performed with SNR (mean = 42.5 [CI]: 35.5-49.5; mean = 34.3 [CI]: 28.6-40) in lung parenchyma for coronal and axial scans, respectively, which can be used as a quick scout scan. Longer respiratory triggered free-breathing scan enabled high-resolution UTE scanning with mean SNR of 14.2 ([CI]: 12.9-15.5) and 9.2 ([CI]: 8.2-10.2) for coronal and axial scans, respectively. Axial free-breathing scans showed significantly higher image quality (P = 0.008) than the three other scanning schemes. The mean score for comparison with CT was 1.67 (score 0: n = 0; 1: n = 3; 2: n = 6). There was no significant difference between CT and MRI (P = 0.25). 3D stack of radials images were significantly better than 3D spokes images (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION The optimized 3D stack of radials trajectory was shown to provide high-quality MR images of the lung parenchyma without the use of MRI contrast agents. The sequence may offer the possibility of breath-hold imaging and provides greater flexibility in trading off slice thickness and parallel imaging for scan time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neville D Gai
- Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ashkan Malayeri
- Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Harsh Agarwal
- Philips Research N.A., Briarcliff Manor, New York, USA
| | - Robert Evers
- Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - David Bluemke
- Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Bannas P, Bell LC, Johnson KM, Schiebler ML, François CJ, Motosugi U, Consigny D, Reeder SB, Nagle SK. Pulmonary Embolism Detection with Three-dimensional Ultrashort Echo Time MR Imaging: Experimental Study in Canines. Radiology 2015; 278:413-21. [PMID: 26422185 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2015150606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To demonstrate the feasibility of free-breathing three-dimensional (3D) radial ultrashort echo time (UTE) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in the simultaneous detection of pulmonary embolism (PE) and high-quality evaluation of lung parenchyma. MATERIALS AND METHODS The institutional animal care committee approved this study. A total of 12 beagles underwent MR imaging and computed tomography (CT) before and after induction of PE with autologous clots. Breath-hold 3D MR angiography and free-breathing 3D radial UTE (1.0-mm isotropic spatial resolution; echo time, 0.08 msec) were performed at 3 T. Two blinded radiologists independently marked and graded all PEs on a four-point scale (1 = low confidence, 4 = absolutely certain) on MR angiographic and UTE images. Image quality of pulmonary arteries and lung parenchyma was scored on a four-point-scale (1 = poor, 4 = excellent). Locations and ratings of emboli were compared with reference standard CT images by using an alternative free-response receiver operating characteristic curve (AFROC) method. Areas under the curve and image quality ratings were compared by using the F test and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. RESULTS A total of 48 emboli were detected with CT. Both readers showed higher sensitivity for PE detection with UTE (83% and 79%) than with MR angiography (75% and 71%). The AFROC area under the curve was higher for UTE than for MR angiography (0.95 vs 0.89), with a significant difference in area under the curve of 0.06 (95% confidence interval: 0.01, 0.11; P = .018). UTE image quality exceeded that of MR angiography for subsegmental arteries (3.5 ± 0.7 vs 2.9 ± 0.5, P = .002) and lung parenchyma (3.8 ± 0.5 vs 2.2 ± 0.2, P < .001). The apparent signal-to-noise ratio in pulmonary arteries and lung parenchyma was significantly higher for UTE than for MR angiography (41.0 ± 5.2 vs 24.5 ± 6.2 [P < .001] and 10.2 ± 1.8 vs 3.5 ± 0.8 [P < .001], respectively). The apparent contrast-to-noise ratio between arteries and PEs was higher for UTE than for MR angiography (20.3 ± 5.2 vs 15.4 ± 6.7, P = .055). CONCLUSION In a canine model, free-breathing 3D radial UTE performs better than breath-hold 3D MR angiography in the detection of PE and yields better image quality for visualization of small vessels and lung parenchyma. Free-breathing 3D radial UTE for detection of PE is feasible and warrants evaluation in human subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Bannas
- From the Departments of Radiology (P.B., M.L.S., C.J.F., U.M., D.C., S.B.R., S.K.N.), Medical Physics (L.C.B., K.M.J., S.B.R., S.K.N.), Biomedical Engineering (S.B.R.), Medicine (S.B.R.), Emergency Medicine (S.B.R.), and Pediatrics (S.K.N.), University of Wisconsin-Madison, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53792-3252
| | - Laura C Bell
- From the Departments of Radiology (P.B., M.L.S., C.J.F., U.M., D.C., S.B.R., S.K.N.), Medical Physics (L.C.B., K.M.J., S.B.R., S.K.N.), Biomedical Engineering (S.B.R.), Medicine (S.B.R.), Emergency Medicine (S.B.R.), and Pediatrics (S.K.N.), University of Wisconsin-Madison, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53792-3252
| | - Kevin M Johnson
- From the Departments of Radiology (P.B., M.L.S., C.J.F., U.M., D.C., S.B.R., S.K.N.), Medical Physics (L.C.B., K.M.J., S.B.R., S.K.N.), Biomedical Engineering (S.B.R.), Medicine (S.B.R.), Emergency Medicine (S.B.R.), and Pediatrics (S.K.N.), University of Wisconsin-Madison, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53792-3252
| | - Mark L Schiebler
- From the Departments of Radiology (P.B., M.L.S., C.J.F., U.M., D.C., S.B.R., S.K.N.), Medical Physics (L.C.B., K.M.J., S.B.R., S.K.N.), Biomedical Engineering (S.B.R.), Medicine (S.B.R.), Emergency Medicine (S.B.R.), and Pediatrics (S.K.N.), University of Wisconsin-Madison, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53792-3252
| | - Christopher J François
- From the Departments of Radiology (P.B., M.L.S., C.J.F., U.M., D.C., S.B.R., S.K.N.), Medical Physics (L.C.B., K.M.J., S.B.R., S.K.N.), Biomedical Engineering (S.B.R.), Medicine (S.B.R.), Emergency Medicine (S.B.R.), and Pediatrics (S.K.N.), University of Wisconsin-Madison, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53792-3252
| | - Utaroh Motosugi
- From the Departments of Radiology (P.B., M.L.S., C.J.F., U.M., D.C., S.B.R., S.K.N.), Medical Physics (L.C.B., K.M.J., S.B.R., S.K.N.), Biomedical Engineering (S.B.R.), Medicine (S.B.R.), Emergency Medicine (S.B.R.), and Pediatrics (S.K.N.), University of Wisconsin-Madison, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53792-3252
| | - Daniel Consigny
- From the Departments of Radiology (P.B., M.L.S., C.J.F., U.M., D.C., S.B.R., S.K.N.), Medical Physics (L.C.B., K.M.J., S.B.R., S.K.N.), Biomedical Engineering (S.B.R.), Medicine (S.B.R.), Emergency Medicine (S.B.R.), and Pediatrics (S.K.N.), University of Wisconsin-Madison, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53792-3252
| | - Scott B Reeder
- From the Departments of Radiology (P.B., M.L.S., C.J.F., U.M., D.C., S.B.R., S.K.N.), Medical Physics (L.C.B., K.M.J., S.B.R., S.K.N.), Biomedical Engineering (S.B.R.), Medicine (S.B.R.), Emergency Medicine (S.B.R.), and Pediatrics (S.K.N.), University of Wisconsin-Madison, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53792-3252
| | - Scott K Nagle
- From the Departments of Radiology (P.B., M.L.S., C.J.F., U.M., D.C., S.B.R., S.K.N.), Medical Physics (L.C.B., K.M.J., S.B.R., S.K.N.), Biomedical Engineering (S.B.R.), Medicine (S.B.R.), Emergency Medicine (S.B.R.), and Pediatrics (S.K.N.), University of Wisconsin-Madison, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53792-3252
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Sheikh K, Coxson HO, Parraga G. This
is what
COPD
looks like. Respirology 2015; 21:224-36. [DOI: 10.1111/resp.12611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Revised: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Khadija Sheikh
- Robarts Research Institute London Canada
- Department of Medical BiophysicsThe University of Western Ontario London Canada
| | - Harvey O Coxson
- UBC Centre for Heart Lung InnovationSt. Paul's Hospital Vancouver Canada
- Department of RadiologyUniversity of British Columbia Vancouver Canada
| | - Grace Parraga
- Robarts Research Institute London Canada
- Department of Medical BiophysicsThe University of Western Ontario London Canada
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Wurnig MC, Weiger M, Wu M, Kenkel D, Jungraithmayr W, Pruessmann KP, Boss A. In vivo magnetization transfer imaging of the lung using a zero echo time sequence at 4.7 Tesla in mice: Initial experience. Magn Reson Med 2015; 76:156-62. [DOI: 10.1002/mrm.25882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Revised: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Moritz C. Wurnig
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology; University Hospital Zurich; Switzerland
| | - Markus Weiger
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering; University and ETH Zurich; Switzerland
| | - Mingming Wu
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering; University and ETH Zurich; Switzerland
| | - David Kenkel
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology; University Hospital Zurich; Switzerland
| | | | - Klaas P. Pruessmann
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering; University and ETH Zurich; Switzerland
| | - Andreas Boss
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology; University Hospital Zurich; Switzerland
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Magnetic resonance imaging for noninvasive assessment of lung fibrosis onset and progression: cross-validation and comparison of different magnetic resonance imaging protocols with micro-computed tomography and histology in the bleomycin-induced mouse model. Invest Radiol 2015; 49:691-8. [PMID: 24872004 DOI: 10.1097/rli.0000000000000071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Bleomycin instillation is frequently used to model lung fibrosis, although the onset and severity of pathology varies highly between mice. This makes non-invasive fibrosis detection and quantification essential to obtain a comprehensive analysis of the disease course and to validate novel therapies. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of lung disease progression and therapy may provide such a sensitive in vivo readout of lung fibrosis, bypassing radiotoxicity concerns (when using micro-CT [μCT]) and elaborate invasive end point measurements (histology). We aimed to optimize and evaluate 3 different lung MRI contrast and acquisition methods to visualize disease onset and progression in the bleomycin-induced mouse model of lung fibrosis using a small-animal MRI scanner. For validation, we compared the MRI results with established μCT and histological measures of lung fibrosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Free-breathing bleomycin-instilled and control mice were scanned in vivo with respiration-triggered conventional, ultrashort echo time and self-gated MRI pulse sequences (9.4 T) and μCT at baseline and weekly at days 7, 14, 21, and 28 after bleomycin instillation. After the last imaging time point, the mice were killed and the lungs were isolated for criterion standard histological analysis of lung fibrosis and quantification of lung collagen content for validation of the imaging results. The agreement between quantitative MRI and μCT data and standard measurements was analyzed by linear regression. RESULTS All 3 MRI protocols were able to visualize and quantify lung pathology onset and progression in individual bleomycin-instilled mice. In vivo MRI results were in excellent agreement with in vivo μCT and criterion standard histological measures of lung fibrosis. Ultrashort echo time MRI appeared particularly useful for detecting early disease; self-gated MRI, for improved breathing motion handling. DISCUSSION Magnetic resonance imaging sensitively visualizes and quantifies lung fibrosis in vivo, which makes it a noninvasive, translatable, safe, and potentially more versatile alternative to invasive methods or μCT, thereby stimulating pathogenesis and preclinical research.
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Zhang WJ, Hubbard Cristinacce PL, Bondesson E, Nordenmark LH, Young SS, Liu YZ, Singh D, Naish JH, Parker GJM. MR Quantitative Equilibrium Signal Mapping: A Reliable Alternative to CT in the Assessment of Emphysema in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Radiology 2015; 275:579-88. [DOI: 10.1148/radiol.14132953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Molinari F, Madhuranthakam AJ, Lenkinski R, Bankier AA. Ultrashort echo time MRI of pulmonary water content: assessment in a sponge phantom at 1.5 and 3.0 Tesla. Diagn Interv Radiol 2015; 20:34-41. [PMID: 24317335 DOI: 10.5152/dir.2013.13232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to develop a predictive model for lung water content using ultrashort echo time (UTE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and a sponge phantom. MATERIALS AND METHODS Image quality was preliminarily optimized, and the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of UTE was compared with that obtained from a three-dimensional fast gradient echo (FGRE) sequence. Four predetermined volumes of water (3.5, 3.0, 2.5, and 2.0 mL) were soaked in cellulose foam sponges 1.8 cm3 in size and were imaged with UTE-MRI at 1.5 and 3.0 Tesla (T). A multiple echo time experiment (range, 0.1-9.6 ms) was conducted, and the T2 signal decay curve was determined at each volume of water. A three-parameter equation was fitted to the measured signal, allowing for the calculation of proton density and T2*. The calculation error of proton density was determined as a function of echo time. The constants that allowed for the determination of unknown volumes of water from the measured proton density were calculated using linear regression. RESULTS UTE-MRI provided excellent image quality for the four phantoms and showed a higher SNR, compared to that of FGRE. Proton density decreased proportionally with the decreases in both lung water and field strength (from 3.5 to 2.0 mL; proton density range at 1.5 T, 30.5-17.3; at 3.0 T, 84.2-41.5). Minimum echo time less than 0.6 ms at 1.5 T and 1 ms at 3.0 T maintained calculation errors for proton density within the range of 0%-10%. The slopes of the lines for determining the unknown volumes of water with UTE-MRI were 0.12±0.003 at 1.5 T and 0.05±0.002 at 3.0 T (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION In a sponge phantom imaged at 1.5 and 3.0 T, unknown volumes of water can be predicted with high accuracy using UTE-MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Molinari
- From the Department of Radiology (F.M. e-mail: , R.L., A.A.B.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Global Applied Science Laboratory (A.J.M.), GE Healthcare, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Wang H, Sebrié C, Ruaud J, Guillot G, Bouazizi K, Willoquet G, Maître X, Darrasse L, de Rochefort L. Aerosol deposition in the lungs of spontaneously breathing rats using Gd‐DOTA‐based contrast agents and ultra‐short echo time MRI at 1.5 Tesla. Magn Reson Med 2015; 75:594-605. [DOI: 10.1002/mrm.25617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Revised: 11/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongchen Wang
- Imagerie par Résonance Magnétique Médicale et Multi‐Modalités (UMR8081)IR4M, Univ. Paris‐Sud, CNRSOrsay France
| | - Catherine Sebrié
- Imagerie par Résonance Magnétique Médicale et Multi‐Modalités (UMR8081)IR4M, Univ. Paris‐Sud, CNRSOrsay France
| | - Jean‐Pierre Ruaud
- Imagerie par Résonance Magnétique Médicale et Multi‐Modalités (UMR8081)IR4M, Univ. Paris‐Sud, CNRSOrsay France
| | - Geneviève Guillot
- Imagerie par Résonance Magnétique Médicale et Multi‐Modalités (UMR8081)IR4M, Univ. Paris‐Sud, CNRSOrsay France
| | - Khaoula Bouazizi
- Imagerie par Résonance Magnétique Médicale et Multi‐Modalités (UMR8081)IR4M, Univ. Paris‐Sud, CNRSOrsay France
| | - Georges Willoquet
- Imagerie par Résonance Magnétique Médicale et Multi‐Modalités (UMR8081)IR4M, Univ. Paris‐Sud, CNRSOrsay France
| | - Xavier Maître
- Imagerie par Résonance Magnétique Médicale et Multi‐Modalités (UMR8081)IR4M, Univ. Paris‐Sud, CNRSOrsay France
| | - Luc Darrasse
- Imagerie par Résonance Magnétique Médicale et Multi‐Modalités (UMR8081)IR4M, Univ. Paris‐Sud, CNRSOrsay France
| | - Ludovic de Rochefort
- Imagerie par Résonance Magnétique Médicale et Multi‐Modalités (UMR8081)IR4M, Univ. Paris‐Sud, CNRSOrsay France
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Egger C, Cannet C, Gérard C, Dunbar A, Tigani B, Beckmann N. Hyaluronidase modulates bleomycin-induced lung injury detected noninvasively in small rodents by radial proton MRI. J Magn Reson Imaging 2015; 41:755-764. [DOI: 10.1002/jmri.24612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Christine Egger
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research; Analytical Sciences and Imaging; Basel Switzerland
- University of Basel; Biocenter; Basel Switzerland
| | - Catherine Cannet
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research; Analytical Sciences and Imaging; Basel Switzerland
| | - Christelle Gérard
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research; Analytical Sciences and Imaging; Basel Switzerland
| | - Andrew Dunbar
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research; Analytical Sciences and Imaging; Basel Switzerland
| | - Bruno Tigani
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research; Analytical Sciences and Imaging; Basel Switzerland
| | - Nicolau Beckmann
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research; Analytical Sciences and Imaging; Basel Switzerland
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Multiparametric oxygen-enhanced functional lung imaging in 3D. MAGNETIC RESONANCE MATERIALS IN PHYSICS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2014; 28:217-26. [DOI: 10.1007/s10334-014-0462-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Revised: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Assessing lung transplantation ischemia-reperfusion injury by microcomputed tomography and ultrashort echo-time magnetic resonance imaging in a mouse model. Invest Radiol 2014; 49:23-8. [PMID: 24056111 DOI: 10.1097/rli.0b013e3182a53111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Ischemia-reperfusion injury (I/R) is a common early complication after lung transplantation. The purpose of this study was to compare ultrashort echo-time (UTE) sequences in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with a microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) reference standard for detection of I/R injury in a lung transplantation mouse model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Six mice (C57BL/6) underwent orthotopic lung transplantation using donor grafts that were exposed to 6-hour cold ischemia. Imaging was performed within 24 hours after the transplantation with high-resolution micro-CT (tube voltage, 50 kV; current, 500 mA; aluminum filter, 0.5 mm; voxel size, 35 × 35 × 35 μm³) and small-animal MRI at 4.7 T with a linearly polarized whole-body mouse coil. The imaging protocol comprised radial 3-dimensional UTE sequences with different echo times (repetition time, 8 milliseconds; echo time, 50/75/100/500/1500/3000/4000/5000 μs; voxel size, 350 × 350 × 350 μm³). Images were assessed visually and through calculation of contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) values. Calculated S0 values and T2* transverse relaxation times (MRI) of lung parenchyma were compared with Hounsfield unit (HU) density in micro-CT images. Receiver operating characteristic curves and area under the curve values were calculated for comparison of diagnostic power. All samples underwent a histologic examination. RESULTS The results of both UTE MRI and micro-CT showed an excellent depiction of pulmonary infiltration due to I/R injury, with MRI exhibiting a significantly higher CNR (mean [SD] CNR MRI, 19.7 [8.0]; mean [SD] CNR micro-CT, 10.3 [2.5]; P < 0.001). Measured parametrical values were as follows: mean (SD) HU, -416 (120); mean (SD) S0 value, 1655 (440); mean (SD) T2*, 895 (870) μs for the non-transplanted right lung and mean (SD) HU, 29 (35); mean (SD) S0 value, 2310 (300); and mean (SD) T2*, 4550 (3230) μs for the transplanted left lung. Slight infiltration could be better discriminated with micro-CT, whereas, in strong infiltration, a better contrast was provided by UTE MRI. The area under the curve values resulting from the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis were 0.99 for HU density, 0.89 for S₀, 0.96 for T2*, and 0.98 for the combination of S₀ and T2*. CONCLUSIONS Results show that MRI of the lung has a similar diagnostic power compared with that of micro-CT regarding the detection of I/R injury after experimental lung transplantation. Both modalities provide complementary information in the assessment of dense and slight infiltration in the early phase after lung transplantation. Therefore, UTE MRI seems to be a promising addition to computed tomographic imaging in the assessment of I/R injury after lung transplantation.
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Gammon ST, Foje N, Brewer EM, Owers E, Downs CA, Budde MD, Leevy WM, Helms MN. Preclinical anatomical, molecular, and functional imaging of the lung with multiple modalities. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2014; 306:L897-914. [DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00007.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In vivo imaging is an important tool for preclinical studies of lung function and disease. The widespread availability of multimodal animal imaging systems and the rapid rate of diagnostic contrast agent development have empowered researchers to noninvasively study lung function and pulmonary disorders. Investigators can identify, track, and quantify biological processes over time. In this review, we highlight the fundamental principles of bioluminescence, fluorescence, planar X-ray, X-ray computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and nuclear imaging modalities (such as positron emission tomography and single photon emission computed tomography) that have been successfully employed for the study of lung function and pulmonary disorders in a preclinical setting. The major principles, benefits, and applications of each imaging modality and technology are reviewed. Limitations and the future prospective of multimodal imaging in pulmonary physiology are also discussed. In vivo imaging bridges molecular biological studies, drug design and discovery, and the imaging field with modern medical practice, and, as such, will continue to be a mainstay in biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth T. Gammon
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Nathan Foje
- Department of Biological Sciences, Notre Dame Integrated Imaging Facility, Notre Dame, Indiana
| | - Elizabeth M. Brewer
- Department of Pediatrics Center for Cystic Fibrosis and Airways Disease Research, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Elizabeth Owers
- Department of Biological Sciences, Notre Dame Integrated Imaging Facility, Notre Dame, Indiana
| | - Charles A. Downs
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; and
| | - Matthew D. Budde
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - W. Matthew Leevy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Notre Dame Integrated Imaging Facility, Notre Dame, Indiana
| | - My N. Helms
- Department of Pediatrics Center for Cystic Fibrosis and Airways Disease Research, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
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50
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Egger C, Gérard C, Vidotto N, Accart N, Cannet C, Dunbar A, Tigani B, Piaia A, Jarai G, Jarman E, Schmid HA, Beckmann N. Lung volume quantified by MRI reflects extracellular-matrix deposition and altered pulmonary function in bleomycin models of fibrosis: effects of SOM230. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2014; 306:L1064-77. [PMID: 24727584 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00027.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a progressive and lethal disease, characterized by loss of lung elasticity and alveolar surface area, secondary to alveolar epithelial cell injury, reactive inflammation, proliferation of fibroblasts, and deposition of extracellular matrix. The effects of oropharyngeal aspiration of bleomycin in Sprague-Dawley rats and C57BL/6 mice, as well as of intratracheal administration of ovalbumin to actively sensitized Brown Norway rats on total lung volume as assessed noninvasively by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were investigated here. Lung injury and volume were quantified by using nongated or respiratory-gated MRI acquisitions [ultrashort echo time (UTE) or gradient-echo techniques]. Lung function of bleomycin-challenged rats was examined additionally using a flexiVent system. Postmortem analyses included histology of collagen and hydroxyproline assays. Bleomycin induced an increase of MRI-assessed total lung volume, lung dry and wet weights, and hydroxyproline content as well as collagen amount. In bleomycin-treated rats, gated MRI showed an increased volume of the lung in the inspiratory and expiratory phases of the respiratory cycle and a temporary decrease of tidal volume. Decreased dynamic lung compliance was found in bleomycin-challenged rats. Bleomycin-induced increase of MRI-detected lung volume was consistent with tissue deposition during fibrotic processes resulting in decreased lung elasticity, whereas influences by edema or emphysema could be excluded. In ovalbumin-challenged rats, total lung volume quantified by MRI remained unchanged. The somatostatin analog, SOM230, was shown to have therapeutic effects on established bleomycin-induced fibrosis in rats. This work suggests MRI-detected total lung volume as readout for tissue-deposition in small rodent bleomycin models of pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Egger
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Analytical Sciences and Imaging, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Biocenter, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christelle Gérard
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Analytical Sciences and Imaging, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nella Vidotto
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Analytical Sciences and Imaging, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nathalie Accart
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Analytical Sciences and Imaging, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Catherine Cannet
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Analytical Sciences and Imaging, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andrew Dunbar
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Analytical Sciences and Imaging, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Bruno Tigani
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Analytical Sciences and Imaging, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alessandro Piaia
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Preclinical Safety, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gabor Jarai
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Respiratory Diseases Department, Horsham, United Kingdom; and
| | - Elizabeth Jarman
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Respiratory Diseases Department, Horsham, United Kingdom; and
| | - Herbert A Schmid
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Oncology Department, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nicolau Beckmann
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Analytical Sciences and Imaging, Basel, Switzerland;
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