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Shu H, Xu H, Pan Z, Liu Y, Deng W, Zhao R, Sun Y, Wang Z, Yang J, Gao H, Yao K, Zheng J, Yu Y, Li X. Early detection of myocardial involvement by non-contrast T1ρ mapping of cardiac magnetic resonance in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1335899. [PMID: 38510696 PMCID: PMC10952821 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1335899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aims to determine the effectiveness of T1ρ in detecting myocardial fibrosis in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients by comparing with native T1 and extracellular volume (ECV) fraction. Methods T2DM patients (n = 35) and healthy controls (n = 30) underwent cardiac magnetic resonance. ECV, T1ρ, native T1, and global longitudinal strain (GLS) values were assessed. Diagnostic performance was analyzed using receiver operating curves. Results The global ECV and T1ρ of T2DM group (ECV = 32.1 ± 3.2%, T1ρ = 51.6 ± 3.8 msec) were significantly higher than those of controls (ECV = 26.2 ± 1.6%, T1ρ = 46.8 ± 2.0 msec) (all P < 0.001), whether there was no significant difference in native T1 between T2DM and controls (P = 0.264). The GLS decreased significantly in T2DM patients compared with controls (-16.5 ± 2.4% vs. -18.3 ± 2.6%, P = 0.015). The T1ρ and native T1 were associated with ECV (Pearson's r = 0.50 and 0.25, respectively, both P < 0.001); the native T1, T1ρ, and ECV were associated with hemoglobin A1c (Pearson's r = 0.41, 0.52, and 0.61, respectively, all P < 0.05); and the ECV was associated with diabetes duration (Pearson's r = 0.41, P = 0.016). The AUC of ECV, T1ρ, GLS, and native T1 were 0.869, 0.810, 0.659, and 0.524, respectively. Conclusion In T2DM patients, T1ρ may be a new non-contrast cardiac magnetic resonance technique for identifying myocardial diffuse fibrosis, and T1ρ may be more sensitive than native T1 in the detection of myocardial diffuse fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmin Shu
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Research Center of Clinical Medical Imaging, Anhui Province Clinical Image Quality Control Center, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Huimin Xu
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Research Center of Clinical Medical Imaging, Anhui Province Clinical Image Quality Control Center, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zixiang Pan
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Research Center of Clinical Medical Imaging, Anhui Province Clinical Image Quality Control Center, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Research Center of Clinical Medical Imaging, Anhui Province Clinical Image Quality Control Center, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Wei Deng
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Research Center of Clinical Medical Imaging, Anhui Province Clinical Image Quality Control Center, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ren Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Geriatric Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Research Center of Clinical Medical Imaging, Anhui Province Clinical Image Quality Control Center, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jinxiu Yang
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Research Center of Clinical Medical Imaging, Anhui Province Clinical Image Quality Control Center, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Hui Gao
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Research Center of Clinical Medical Imaging, Anhui Province Clinical Image Quality Control Center, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Kaixuan Yao
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Research Center of Clinical Medical Imaging, Anhui Province Clinical Image Quality Control Center, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Yongqiang Yu
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Research Center of Clinical Medical Imaging, Anhui Province Clinical Image Quality Control Center, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaohu Li
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Research Center of Clinical Medical Imaging, Anhui Province Clinical Image Quality Control Center, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Wang L, Chen W, Qian Y, So TY. Repeatability of quantitative T1rho magnetic resonance imaging in normal brain tissues at 3.0T. Phys Med 2023; 112:102641. [PMID: 37480710 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2023.102641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE T1rho imaging is a promising MRI technique for imaging of brain disease. This study aimed to assess the repeatability of quantitative T1rho imaging in the normal brain grey and white matter. METHODS The study prospectively recruited 30 healthy volunteers without a history of neurological diseases or brain injury, and T1rho was performed and quantified from three imaging sessions. Repeat measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) and within-subject coefficients of variation (wCoV) was used to detect differences in T1rho values between the three scans. RESULTS The results showed low wCoVs of less than 4.3% (range 0.92-4.27%) across all the brain structures. No significant differences were observed in T1rho measurement between the three scans (p > 0.05). The amygdala and hippocampus showed the highest T1rho values of 91.79 ± 2.55 msec and 91.07 ± 2.11 msec respectively, and the palladium and putamen had the lowest values of 67.60 ± 1.84 msec and 71.83 ± 1.85 msec respectively. CONCLUSION T1rho shows high test-retest repeatability for whole brain imaging in serial imaging sessions, indicating it to be a reliable sequence for quantitative brain imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Weitian Chen
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Yurui Qian
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Tiffany Y So
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
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Adelnia F, Davis LT, Acosta LM, Puckett A, Wang F, Zu Z, Harkins KD, Gore JC. R 1ρ dispersion in white matter correlates with quantitative metrics of cognitive impairment. Neuroimage Clin 2023; 37:103366. [PMID: 36889101 PMCID: PMC10009712 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2023.103366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Much previous neuroimaging research in Alzheimer's disease has focused on the roles of amyloid and tau proteins, but recent studies have implicated microvascular changes in white matter as early indicators of damage related to later dementia. We used MRI to derive novel, non-invasive measurements of R1ρ dispersion using different locking fields to characterize variations of microvascular structure and integrity in brain tissues. We developed a non-invasive 3D R1ρ dispersion imaging technique using different locking fields at 3T. We acquired MR images and cognitive assessments of participants with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and compared them to age-matched healthy controls in a cross-sectional study. After providing informed consent, 40 adults aged 62 to 82 years (n = 17 MCI) were included in this study. White matter ΔR1ρ-fraction measured by R1ρ dispersion imaging showed a strong correlation with the cognitive status of older adults (βstd = -0.4, p-value < 0.01) independent of age, in contrast to other conventional MRI markers such as T2, R1ρ, and white matter hyperintense lesion volume (WMHs) measured with T2-FLAIR. The correlation of WMHs with cognitive status was no longer significant after adjusting for age and sex in linear regression analysis, and the size of the regression coefficient was substantially decreased (53% lower). This work establishes a new non-invasive method that potentially characterizes impairment of the microvascular structure of white matter in MCI patients compared to healthy controls. The application of this method in longitudinal studies would improve our fundamental understanding of the pathophysiologic changes that accompany abnormal cognitive decline with aging and help identify potential targets for treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Adelnia
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Larry T Davis
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Lealani Mae Acosta
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Amanda Puckett
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Feng Wang
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Zhongliang Zu
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kevin D Harkins
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - John C Gore
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
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Normal Values of Magnetic Resonance T
1
ρ
Relaxation Times in the Adult Heart at 1.5 T
MRI. J Magn Reson Imaging 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/jmri.28506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Tissue characterization using R 1rho dispersion imaging at low locking fields. Magn Reson Imaging 2021; 84:1-11. [PMID: 34052306 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2021.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Measurements of the variations of spin-locking relaxation rates (R1ρ) with locking field amplitude allow the derivation of quantitative parameters that describe different dynamic processes, such as slow molecular motions, chemical exchange and diffusion. In some samples, changes in R1ρ values between locking frequency 0 and 200 Hz may be dominated mainly by diffusion of water in intrinsic field gradients, while those at higher locking fields are due to exchange processes. The exchange and diffusion effects act independently of each other, as confirmed by simulation and experimentally. In tissues, the relevant intrinsic field gradients may arise from the magnetic inhomogeneities caused by microvascular blood so that R1ρ dispersion over weak locking field amplitudes (≤ 200 Hz) is affected by changes in capillary density and geometry. Here we first review the theoretical and experimental background to the interpretation of R1ρ dispersions caused by intrinsic magnetic susceptibility variations within the tissue. We then provide new empirical results of R1ρ dispersion imaging of the human brain and skeletal muscle at low locking field amplitudes for the first time and identify potential applications of R1ρ dispersion imaging in clinical studies.
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Jambor I, Steiner A, Pesola M, Liimatainen T, Sucksdorff M, Rissanen E, Airas L, Aronen HJ, Merisaari H. Whole Brain Adiabatic T 1rho and Relaxation Along a Fictitious Field Imaging in Healthy Volunteers and Patients With Multiple Sclerosis: Initial Findings. J Magn Reson Imaging 2021; 54:866-879. [PMID: 33675564 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.27586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In preclinical models of multiple sclerosis (MS), both adiabatic T1rho (T1ρadiab ) and relaxation along a fictitious field (RAFF) imaging have demonstrated potential to noninvasively characterize MS. PURPOSE To evaluate the feasibility of whole brain T1ρadiab and RAFF imaging in healthy volunteers and patients with MS. STUDY TYPE Single institutional clinical trial. SUBJECTS 38 healthy volunteers (24-69 years) and 21 patients (26-59 years) with MS. Five healthy volunteers underwent a second MR examination performed within 8 days. Clinical disease severity (The Expanded Disability Status Scale [EDSS] and The Multiple Sclerosis Severity Score [MSSS]) was evaluated at baseline and 1-year follow-up (FU). FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE RAFF in second rotating frame of reference (RAFF2) was performed at 3 T using 3D-fast-field echo with magnetization preparation, RF amplitude of 11.74 μT while the corresponding value for T1ρadiab was 13.50 μT. T1 -, T2 -, and FLAIR-weighted images were acquired with reconstruction voxel size 1.0 × 1.0 × 1.0 mm3 . ASSESSMENT The parametric maps of T1ρadiab and RAFF2 (TRAFF2 ) were calculated using a monoexponential model. Semi-automatic segmentation of MS lesions, white matter (WM), and gray matter (GM), and WM tracks was performed using T1 -, T2 -, and FLAIR-weighted images. STATISTICAL TESTS Regression analysis was used to evaluate correlation of T1ρadiab and TRAFF2 with age and disease severity while a Friedman test followed by Wilcoxon Signed Rank test for differences between tissue types. Short-term repeatability was evaluated on voxel level. RESULTS Both T1ρadiab and TRAFF2 demonstrated good short-term repeatability with relative differences on voxel level in the range of 6.1%-11.9%. Differences in T1ρadiab and TRAFF2 between the tissue types in MS patients were significant (P < 0.05). T1ρadiab and TRAFF2 correlated (P < 0.001) with baseline EDSS/MSSM and disease progression at FU (P < 0.001). DATA CONCLUSION Whole brain T1ρadiab and TRAFF2 at 3 T was feasible with significant differences in T1ρadiab and TRAFF2 values between tissues types and correlation with disease severity. EVIDENCE LEVEL 1 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Jambor
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Medical Imaging Centre of Southwest Finland, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Aida Steiner
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Medical Imaging Centre of Southwest Finland, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Marko Pesola
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Timo Liimatainen
- Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Marcus Sucksdorff
- Department of Neurology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Eero Rissanen
- Department of Neurology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Laura Airas
- Department of Neurology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Hannu J Aronen
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Medical Imaging Centre of Southwest Finland, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Harri Merisaari
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Medical Imaging Centre of Southwest Finland, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Department of Future Technologies, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Johnson CP, Thedens DR, Kruger SJ, Magnotta VA. Three-Dimensional GRE T 1ρ mapping of the brain using tailored variable flip-angle scheduling. Magn Reson Med 2020; 84:1235-1249. [PMID: 32052489 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To introduce a new approach called tailored variable flip-angle (VFA) scheduling for SNR-efficient 3D T1ρ mapping of the brain using a magnetization-prepared gradient-echo sequence. METHODS Simulations were used to assess the relative SNR efficiency, quantitative accuracy, and spatial blurring of tailored VFA scheduling for T1ρ mapping of brain tissue compared with magnetization-prepared angle-modulated partitioned k-space spoiled gradient-echo snapshots (MAPSS), a state-of-the-art technique for accurate 3D gradient-echo T1ρ mapping. Simulations were also used to calculate optimal imaging parameters for tailored VFA scheduling versus MAPSS, without and with nulling of CSF. Four participants were imaged at 3T MRI to demonstrate the feasibility of tailored VFA scheduling for T1ρ mapping of the brain. Using MAPSS as a reference standard, in vivo data were used to validate the relative SNR efficiency and quantitative accuracy of the new approach. RESULTS Tailored VFA scheduling can provide a 2-fold to 4-fold gain in the SNR of the resulting T1ρ map as compared with MAPSS when using identical sequence parameters while limiting T1ρ quantification errors to 2% or less. In vivo whole-brain 3D T1ρ maps acquired with tailored VFA scheduling had superior SNR efficiency than is achievable with MAPSS, and the SNR efficiency improved with a greater number of views per segment. CONCLUSIONS Tailored VFA scheduling is an SNR-efficient GRE technique for 3D T1ρ mapping of the brain that provides increased flexibility in choice of imaging parameters compared with MAPSS, which may benefit a variety of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey P Johnson
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences Department, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, USA.,Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | | | - Vincent A Magnotta
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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Ponto LLB, Magnotta VA, Menda Y, Moser DJ, Oleson JJ, Harlynn EL, DeVries SD, Wemmie JA, Schultz SK. Comparison of T 1Rho MRI, Glucose Metabolism, and Amyloid Burden Across the Cognitive Spectrum: A Pilot Study. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 2020; 32:352-361. [PMID: 32283991 PMCID: PMC8717916 DOI: 10.1176/appi.neuropsych.19100221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The pathological cascades associated with the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD) have a common element: acidosis. T1rho MRI is a pH-sensitive measure, with higher values associated with greater neuropathological burden. The authors investigated the relationship between T1rho imaging and AD-associated pathologies as determined by available diagnostic imaging techniques. METHODS Twenty-seven participants (men, N=13, women, N=14; ages 55-90) across the cognitive spectrum (healthy control subjects [HCs] with normal cognition, N=17; participants with mild cognitive impairment [MCI], N=7; participants with mild AD, N=3) underwent neuropsychological testing, MRI (T1-weighted and T1rho [spin-lattice relaxation time in the rotating frame]), and positron emission tomography imaging ([11C]Pittsburg compound B for amyloid burden [N=26] and [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose for cerebral glucose metabolism [N=12]). The relationships between global T1rho values and neuropsychological, demographic, and imaging measures were explored. RESULTS Global mean and median T1rho were positively associated with age. After controlling for age, higher global T1rho was associated with poorer cognitive function, poorer memory function (immediate and delayed memory scores), higher amyloid burden, and more abnormal cerebral glucose metabolism. Regional T1rho values, when controlling for age, significantly differed between HCs and participants with MCI or AD in select frontal, cingulate, and parietal regions. CONCLUSIONS Higher T1rho values were associated with greater cognitive impairment and pathological burden. T1rho, a biomarker that varies according to a feature common to each cascade rather than one that is unique to a particular pathology, has the potential to serve as a metric of neuropathology, theoretically providing a measure for assessing pathological status and for monitoring the neurodegeneration trajectory.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vincent A. Magnotta
- Department of Radiology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa,Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa
| | - Yusuf Menda
- Department of Radiology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa
| | - David J. Moser
- Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa
| | - Jacob J. Oleson
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Iowa
| | - Emily L. Harlynn
- Department of Radiology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa
| | - Sean D. DeVries
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Iowa
| | - John A. Wemmie
- Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa
| | - Susan K. Schultz
- Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa
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Truong TK, Roberts KC, Woldorff MG, Song AW. Toward direct MRI of neuro-electro-magnetic oscillations in the human brain. Magn Reson Med 2019; 81:3462-3475. [PMID: 30652351 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.27654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Neuroimaging techniques are widely used to investigate the function of the human brain, but none are currently able to accurately localize neuronal activity with both high spatial and temporal specificity. Here, a new in vivo MRI acquisition and analysis technique based on the spin-lock mechanism is developed to noninvasively image local magnetic field oscillations resulting from neuroelectric activity in specifiable frequency bands. METHODS Simulations, phantom experiments, and in vivo experiments using an eyes-open/eyes-closed task in 8 healthy volunteers were performed to demonstrate its sensitivity and specificity for detecting oscillatory neuroelectric activity in the alpha-band (8-12 Hz). A comprehensive postprocessing procedure was designed to enhance the neuroelectric signal, while minimizing any residual hemodynamic and physiological confounds. RESULTS The phantom results show that this technique can detect 0.06-nT magnetic field oscillations, while the in vivo results demonstrate that it can image task-based modulations of neuroelectric oscillatory activity in the alpha-band. Multiple control experiments and a comparison with conventional BOLD functional MRI suggest that the activation was likely not due to any residual hemodynamic or physiological confounds. CONCLUSION These initial results provide evidence suggesting that this new technique has the potential to noninvasively and directly image neuroelectric activity in the human brain in vivo. With further development, this approach offers the promise of being able to do so with a combination of spatial and temporal specificity that is beyond what can be achieved with existing neuroimaging methods, which can advance our ability to study the functions and dysfunctions of the human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trong-Kha Truong
- Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Kenneth C Roberts
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Marty G Woldorff
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Allen W Song
- Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
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Brain T1ρ mapping for grading and IDH1 gene mutation detection of gliomas: a preliminary study. J Neurooncol 2018; 141:245-252. [PMID: 30414094 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-018-03033-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The longitudinal relaxation time in the rotating frame (T1ρ) has proved to be sensitive to metabolism and useful in application to neurodegenerative diseases. However, few literature exists on its utility in gliomas. Thus, this study was conducted to explore the performance of T1ρ mapping in tumor grading and characterization of isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) gene mutation status of gliomas. METHODS Fifty-seven patients with gliomas underwent brain MRI and quantitative measurements of T1ρ and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) were recorded. Parameters were compared between high-grade gliomas (HGG) and low-grade gliomas (LGG) and between IDH1 mutant and wildtype groups. RESULTS HGG showed significantly higher T1ρ values in both the solid and peritumoral edema areas compared with LGG (P < 0.001 and P = 0.005, respectively), whereas no significant differences in the two areas were found for ADC (both P > 0.05). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that T1ρ value in the solid area achieved the highest area under the ROC curve (AUC, 0.841) in grading with a sensitivity of 80.6% and a specificity of 81.0%. In the grade II/III glioma group, multivariate logistic regression showed that both tumor frontal lobe location (odds ratio [OR] 526.608; P = 0.045) and T1ρ value of the peritumoral edema area (OR 0.863; P = 0.037) were significant predictors of IDH1 mutation. Using the combination, the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity for IDH1 mutated gliomas were 93.3% and 88.9%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our study shows the feasibility of applying T1ρ mapping in assessing the histologic grade and IDH1 mutation status of gliomas.
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Zhu Y, Liu Y, Ying L, Peng X, Wang YXJ, Yuan J, Liu X, Liang D. SCOPE: signal compensation for low-rank plus sparse matrix decomposition for fast parameter mapping. Phys Med Biol 2018; 63:185009. [PMID: 30117434 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/aadb09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance (MR) parameter mapping is useful for many clinical applications. However, its practical utility is limited by the long scan time. To address this problem, this paper developed a novel image reconstruction method for fast MR parameter mapping. The proposed method (SCOPE) used a low-rank plus sparse model to reconstruct the parameter-weighted images from highly undersampled acquisitions. A signal compensation strategy was introduced to promote low rankness along the parametric direction and thus improve the reconstruction accuracy. Specifically, compensation was performed by multiplying the original signal by the inversion of the mono-exponential decay at each voxel. The performance of SCOPE was evaluated via quantitative T 1ρ mapping. The results of the simulation and in vivo experiments with acceleration factors from 3 to 5 are shown. The performance of SCOPE was verified via comparisons with several low-rank and sparsity-based methods. The experimental results showed that the T 1ρ maps obtained using SCOPE were more accurate than those obtained using competing methods and were comparable to the reference, even when the acceleration factor reached 5. SCOPE can greatly reduce the scan time of parameter mapping while still achieving high accuracy. This technique might therefore help facilitate fast MR parameter mapping in clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjie Zhu
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China. Department of Medicine (Cardiovascular Division), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America. These authors contributed equally to this work
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Johnson CP, Christensen GE, Fiedorowicz JG, Mani M, Shaffer JJ, Magnotta VA, Wemmie JA. Alterations of the cerebellum and basal ganglia in bipolar disorder mood states detected by quantitative T1ρ mapping. Bipolar Disord 2018; 20:381-390. [PMID: 29316081 PMCID: PMC5995598 DOI: 10.1111/bdi.12581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Quantitative mapping of T1 relaxation in the rotating frame (T1ρ) is a magnetic resonance imaging technique sensitive to pH and other cellular and microstructural factors, and is a potentially valuable tool for identifying brain alterations in bipolar disorder. Recently, this technique identified differences in the cerebellum and cerebral white matter of euthymic patients vs healthy controls that were consistent with reduced pH in these regions, suggesting an underlying metabolic abnormality. The current study built upon this prior work to investigate brain T1ρ differences across euthymic, depressed, and manic mood states of bipolar disorder. METHODS Forty participants with bipolar I disorder and 29 healthy control participants matched for age and gender were enrolled. Participants with bipolar disorder were imaged in one or more mood states, yielding 27, 12, and 13 imaging sessions in euthymic, depressed, and manic mood states, respectively. Three-dimensional, whole-brain anatomical images and T1ρ maps were acquired for all participants, enabling voxel-wise evaluation of T1ρ differences between bipolar mood state and healthy control groups. RESULTS All three mood state groups had increased T1ρ relaxation times in the cerebellum compared to the healthy control group. Additionally, the depressed and manic groups had reduced T1ρ relaxation times in and around the basal ganglia compared to the control and euthymic groups. CONCLUSIONS The study implicated the cerebellum and basal ganglia in the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder and its mood states, the roles of which are relatively unexplored. These findings motivate further investigation of the underlying cause of the abnormalities, and the potential role of altered metabolic activity in these regions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gary E. Christensen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA,Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Jess G. Fiedorowicz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA,Department of Epidemiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA,Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Merry Mani
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | | | - Vincent A. Magnotta
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA,Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA,Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA,Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA,Corresponding Authors: Vincent A. Magnotta, PhD, L311 PBDB, 169 Newton Road, Iowa City, IA 52242, Tel: 319-335-5482, Fax: 319-353-6275, ; John A. Wemmie, MD, PhD, 1314 PBDB, 169 Newton Road, Iowa City, IA 52242, Tel: 319-384-3174, Fax: 319-384-3176,
| | - John A. Wemmie
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA,Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA,Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA,Department of Neurosurgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA,Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, IA,Corresponding Authors: Vincent A. Magnotta, PhD, L311 PBDB, 169 Newton Road, Iowa City, IA 52242, Tel: 319-335-5482, Fax: 319-353-6275, ; John A. Wemmie, MD, PhD, 1314 PBDB, 169 Newton Road, Iowa City, IA 52242, Tel: 319-384-3174, Fax: 319-384-3176,
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13
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Tan Y, Xu J, Chen R, Chen B, Xu J, Ren D, Chan Q, Mei Y, Wu Y, Xu Y. Use of T 1 relaxation time in rotating frame (T 1 ρ) and apparent diffusion coefficient to estimate cerebral stroke evolution. J Magn Reson Imaging 2018; 48:1247-1254. [PMID: 29446510 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.25971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The major factor for the appropriate treatment strategies for ischemia patients is its onset timing. PURPOSE/HYPOTHESIS To study to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of T1 relaxation time in a rotating frame (T1 ρ) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) from MRI to estimate ischemia stages. STUDY TYPE Prospective. POPULATION/SUBJECTS/PHANTOM/SPECIMEN/ANIMAL MODEL In all, 73 patients (49 males, aged 29-78 years and 24 females, aged 22-94 years) with ischemia were prospectively imaged with T1 ρ and diffusion MRI during the postischemic period. FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE 3T/T1 ρ and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI). ASSESSMENT Ischemic parenchyma included tissue with elevated signal areas on DWI and correlative hypointense areas on ADC maps. STATISTICAL TESTS The sensitivity of variables to ischemia time was quantified by analyzing the respective correlations of these values with onset time. RESULTS ΔT1 ρ (ipsilateral-contralateral differences in T1 ρ) (R2 = 0.956) and T1 ρipsi (ipsilateral ischemia T1 ρ values) (R2 = 0.941) were elevated in all ischemic lesions; these values increased linearly as a function of time, unlike ΔADC (ipsilateral-contralateral differences in ADC) (R2 = -0.410) and ADCipsi (ipsilateral ischemia ADC values) (R2 = 0.550). ΔT1 ρ and T1 ρipsi were significantly different between all stages (P < 0.01), except the acute and hyperacute stages (P = 0.589 for ΔT1 ρ, P = 0.290 for T1 ρipsi , respectively), but ΔADC and ADCipsi only between the late subacute and early subacute stages (P < 0.01) and the late subacute and chronic stages (P < 0.01). DATA CONCLUSION These data suggest that T1 ρ can provide estimates for the ischemic time in patients. T1 ρ has the potential to outperform diffusion for single-timepoint examination because the T1 ρ change during strokes is positive and linear. If patients with suspected stroke are scanned by MRI within the appropriate timeframe, T1 ρ may provide tools for evaluating stroke onset, potentially aiding in treatment strategies. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 4 Technical Efficacy: Stage 3 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018;47:1247-1254.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuefa Tan
- Department of Medical Imaging Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Xu
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruiying Chen
- Department of Medical Imaging Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Chen
- Department of Medical Imaging Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juan Xu
- Department of Medical Imaging Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Daokun Ren
- Department of Medical Imaging Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | | | - Yuankui Wu
- Department of Medical Imaging Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yikai Xu
- Department of Medical Imaging Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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14
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Li YT, Huang H, Zhuo Z, Lu PX, Chen W, Wáng YXJ. Bi-phase age-related brain gray matter magnetic resonance T1ρ relaxation time change in adults. Magn Reson Imaging 2017; 39:200-205. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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15
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Villanueva-Meyer JE, Barajas RF, Mabray MC, Chen W, Shankaranarayanan A, Koon P, Barani IJ, Tihan T, Cha S. Differentiation of brain tumor-related edema based on 3D T1rho imaging. Eur J Radiol 2017; 91:88-92. [PMID: 28629576 PMCID: PMC5563444 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2017.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Cerebral edema associated with brain tumors is an important source of morbidity. Its type depends largely on the capillary ultra-structures of the histopathologic subtype of underlying brain tumor. The purpose of our study was to differentiate vasogenic edema associated with brain metastases and infiltrative edema related to diffuse gliomas using quantitative 3D T1 rho (T1ρ) imaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS Preoperative MR examination including whole brain 3D T1ρ imaging was performed in 23 patients with newly diagnosed brain tumors (9 with metastasis, 8 with lower grade glioma, LGG, 6 with glioblastoma, GBM). Mean T1ρ values were measured in regions of peritumoral non-enhancing T2 signal hyperintensity, excluding both enhancing and necrotic or cystic component, and normal-appearing white matter. RESULTS Mean T1ρ values were significantly elevated in the vasogenic edema surrounding intracranial metastases when compared to the infiltrative edema associated with either LGG or GBM (p=0.02 and <0.01, respectively). No significant difference was noted between T1ρ values of infiltrative edema between LGG and GBM (p=0.84 and 0.96, respectively). CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates the feasibility and potential diagnostic role of T1ρ in the quantitative differentiation between edema related to intracranial metastases and gliomas and as a potentially complementary tool to standard MR techniques in further characterizing pathophysiology of vasogenic and infiltrative edema.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Villanueva-Meyer
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - R F Barajas
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA; Advanced Imaging Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
| | - M C Mabray
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - W Chen
- Department Imaging and Interventional Radiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China.
| | | | - P Koon
- Global Applied Science Laboratory, GE Healthcare, Menlo Park, CA, USA.
| | - I J Barani
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - T Tihan
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - S Cha
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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16
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Dong H, Hwang SM, Wendland M, You L, Clarke J, Inglis B. Ultralow-field and spin-locking relaxation dispersion in postmortem pig brain. Magn Reson Med 2017; 78:2342-2351. [PMID: 28164366 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.26621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate tissue-specific differences, a quantitative comparison was made between relaxation dispersion in postmortem pig brain measured at ultralow fields (ULF) and spin locking at 7 tesla (T). The goal was to determine whether ULF-MRI has potential advantages for in vivo human brain imaging. METHODS Separate specimens of gray matter and white matter were investigated using an ULF-MRI system with superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) signal detection to measure T1ULF at fields from 58.7 to 235.0 μT and using a commercial MRI scanner to measure T1ρ7T at spin-locking fields from 5.0 to 235.0 μT. RESULTS At matched field strengths, T1ρ7T is 50 to 100% longer than T1ULF. Furthermore, dispersion in T1ULF is close to linear between 58.7 and 235 µT, whereas dispersion in T1ρ7T is highly nonlinear over the same range. A subtle elbow in the T1ULF dispersion at approximately 140 µT is tentatively attributed to the local dipolar field of macromolecules. It is suggested that different relaxation mechanisms dominate each method and that ULF-MRI has a fundamentally different sensitivity to the macromolecular structure of neural tissue. CONCLUSIONS Ultralow-field MRI may offer distinct, quantitative advantages for human brain imaging, while simultaneously avoiding the severe heating limitation imposed on high-field spin locking. Magn Reson Med 78:2342-2351, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Dong
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA.,State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, China.,CAS Center for ExcelleNce in Superconducting Electronics (CENSE), Shanghai, China
| | - Seong-Min Hwang
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA.,Center for Biosignals, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Michael Wendland
- Berkeley Preclinical Imaging Core (BPIC) Facility, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Lixing You
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA.,State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, China.,CAS Center for ExcelleNce in Superconducting Electronics (CENSE), Shanghai, China
| | - John Clarke
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Ben Inglis
- Henry H. Wheeler, Jr. Brain Imaging Center (BIC), University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
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17
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Early Changes of Irradiated Parotid Glands Evaluated by T1rho-Weighted Imaging. J Comput Assist Tomogr 2017; 41:472-476. [DOI: 10.1097/rct.0000000000000547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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18
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Spear JT, Gore JC. New insights into rotating frame relaxation at high field. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2016; 29:1258-73. [PMID: 26866422 PMCID: PMC6935321 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Measurements of spin-lock relaxation rates in the rotating frame (R1ρ ) at high magnetic fields afford the ability to probe not only relatively slow molecular motions, but also other dynamic processes, such as chemical exchange and diffusion. In particular, measurements of the variation (or dispersion) of R1ρ with locking field allow the derivation of quantitative parameters that describe these processes. Measurements in deuterated solutions demonstrate the manner and degree to which exchange dominates relaxation at high fields (4.7 T, 7 T) in simple solutions, whereas temperature and pH are shown to be very influential factors affecting the rates of proton exchange. Simulations and experiments show that multiple exchanging pools of protons in realistic tissues can be assumed to behave independently of each other. R1ρ measurements can be combined to derive an exchange rate contrast (ERC) that produces images whose intensities emphasize protons with specific exchange rates rather than chemical shifts. In addition, water diffusion in the presence of intrinsic susceptibility gradients may produce significant effects on R1ρ dispersions at high fields. The exchange and diffusion effects act independently of each other, as confirmed by simulation and experimentally in studies of red blood cells at different levels of oxygenation. Collectively, R1ρ measurements provide an ability to quantify exchange processes, to provide images that depict protons with specific exchange rates and to describe the microstructure of tissues containing magnetic inhomogeneities. As such, they complement traditional T1 or T2 measurements and provide additional insights from measurements of R1ρ at a single locking field. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- John T. Spear
- Correspondence to: J. T. Spear, Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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19
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Gilani IA, Sepponen R. Quantitative rotating frame relaxometry methods in MRI. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2016; 29:841-861. [PMID: 27100142 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Revised: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Macromolecular degeneration and biochemical changes in tissue can be quantified using rotating frame relaxometry in MRI. It has been shown in several studies that the rotating frame longitudinal relaxation rate constant (R1ρ ) and the rotating frame transverse relaxation rate constant (R2ρ ) are sensitive biomarkers of phenomena at the cellular level. In this comprehensive review, existing MRI methods for probing the biophysical mechanisms that affect the rotating frame relaxation rates of the tissue (i.e. R1ρ and R2ρ ) are presented. Long acquisition times and high radiofrequency (RF) energy deposition into tissue during the process of spin-locking in rotating frame relaxometry are the major barriers to the establishment of these relaxation contrasts at high magnetic fields. Therefore, clinical applications of R1ρ and R2ρ MRI using on- or off-resonance RF excitation methods remain challenging. Accordingly, this review describes the theoretical and experimental approaches to the design of hard RF pulse cluster- and adiabatic RF pulse-based excitation schemes for accurate and precise measurements of R1ρ and R2ρ . The merits and drawbacks of different MRI acquisition strategies for quantitative relaxation rate measurement in the rotating frame regime are reviewed. In addition, this review summarizes current clinical applications of rotating frame MRI sequences. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irtiza Ali Gilani
- Brain Research Unit, Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, Aalto, Finland
- Advanced Magnetic Imaging Center, Aalto University, Aalto, Finland
- National Magnetic Resonance Research Center (UMRAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Raimo Sepponen
- Department of Electronics, School of Electrical Engineering, Aalto University, Aalto, Finland
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20
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Sheng J, Liu Y, Chai Y, Tang W, Wu B, Gao JH. A comprehensive study of sensitivity in measuring oscillatory magnetic fields using rotary saturation pulse sequences. Magn Reson Imaging 2015; 34:326-33. [PMID: 26616004 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2015.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Detecting the oscillatory currents with a specific frequency distribution may have the potential to make neuronal current MRI (ncMRI) come true. The phase shift or dephasing induced by both positive and negative episodes of oscillatory neuronal currents is likely to be canceled out over the echo time in typical BOLD-contrast fMRI experiments. Based on the contrast of rotary saturation, both of the recently developed spin-locked oscillatory excitation (SLOE) and stimulus-induced rotary saturation (SIRS) pulse sequences have been demonstrated to be able to detect weak oscillatory magnetic fields in phantoms with 3T MR scanners. In this report, through Bloch equation simulation as well as water phantom and anesthetic rats experiments, we comprehensively evaluate and compare the sensitivities of these two methods (SLOE and SIRS) in detecting the oscillatory magnetic fields for both high (100 Hz) and low (10 Hz) oscillation frequencies, while using their respective optimal imaging parameters. In agreement with the theoretical predications, both the simulated and experimental results showed that the SLOE method features a much higher detection sensitivity of weak magnetic fields than that of the SIRS method. SLOE was able to detect applied oscillatory magnetic fields as low as 0.1 nT in a water phantom and 0.5 nT in rat brains and the deteriorated noise levels in rat data may account for the reduced sensitivity in vivo. These promising results form the foundation for direct detection of in vivo neuronal currents using MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Sheng
- Center for MRI Research, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China; Beijing City Key Lab for Medical Physics and Engineering, Institute of Heavy Ion Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Liu
- Center for MRI Research, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China; Beijing City Key Lab for Medical Physics and Engineering, Institute of Heavy Ion Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhui Chai
- Center for MRI Research, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China; Beijing City Key Lab for Medical Physics and Engineering, Institute of Heavy Ion Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Weinan Tang
- Center for MRI Research, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China; Beijing City Key Lab for Medical Physics and Engineering, Institute of Heavy Ion Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China; McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Wu
- GE Healthcare China, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Hong Gao
- Center for MRI Research, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China; Beijing City Key Lab for Medical Physics and Engineering, Institute of Heavy Ion Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China; McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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21
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Zhao F, Yuan J, Lu G, Zhang LH, Chen ZY, Wáng YXJ. T1ρ relaxation time in brain regions increases with ageing: an experimental MRI observation in rats. Br J Radiol 2015; 89:20140704. [PMID: 26529226 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20140704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE T1ρ variation is associated with neurodegenerative diseases. This study aims to observe T1ρ relaxation time changes in rat brains associated with normal ageing in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats and spontaneously hypertension rats (SHRs). METHODS 18 male SD rats, 11 male WKY rats and 11 male SHRs were used. T1ρ measurement was performed at 3-T MR with a spin-lock frequency of 500 Hz. SD rats were scanned at the ages of 5, 8, 10 and 15 months. SHRs and WKY rats were scanned at the ages of 6, 9 and 12 months. RESULTS For SD rats, T1ρ at the thalamus, hippocampus and frontal cortices increased significantly from 5 to 15 months (p < 0.05). For the WKY rats and SHRs, the T1ρ values in the thalamus, hippocampus and frontal cortices also increased significantly from 6 to 12 months (p < 0.05). Furthermore, T1ρ in the thalamus, hippocampus and frontal cortices of SHRs were consistently higher than those of WKY rats at the ages of 6, 9 and 12 months (p < 0.05). The percentage regional T1ρ differences between WKY rats and SHRs did not change during ageing. CONCLUSION An increase in T1ρ was associated with age-related changes of the rat brain. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE An age-related and hypertension-related T1ρ increase in rat brain regions was observed in the thalamus, hippocampus and frontal cortical regions of the rat brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhao
- 1 Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Jing Yuan
- 1 Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong.,2 Medical Physics and Research Department, Hong Kong Sanatorium & Hospital, Happy Valley, Hong Kong
| | - Gang Lu
- 3 Division of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Li H Zhang
- 4 School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Zhi Y Chen
- 5 Laboratory of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yì-Xiáng J Wáng
- 1 Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong
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22
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Gonyea JV, Watts R, Applebee A, Andrews T, Hipko S, Nickerson JP, Thornton L, Filippi CG. In vivo quantitative whole‐brain T
1
rho MRI of multiple sclerosis. J Magn Reson Imaging 2015; 42:1623-30. [DOI: 10.1002/jmri.24954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Revised: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jay V. Gonyea
- Department of RadiologyUniversity of Vermont College of MedicineBurlington Vermont USA
| | - Richard Watts
- Department of RadiologyUniversity of Vermont College of MedicineBurlington Vermont USA
| | - Angela Applebee
- Department of Neurological SciencesUniversity of Vermont College of MedicineBurlington Vermont USA
| | - Trevor Andrews
- Department of RadiologyUniversity of Vermont College of MedicineBurlington Vermont USA
- Philips HealthTechCleveland Ohio USA
| | - Scott Hipko
- Department of RadiologyUniversity of Vermont College of MedicineBurlington Vermont USA
| | - Joshua P. Nickerson
- Department of RadiologyUniversity of Vermont College of MedicineBurlington Vermont USA
| | - Lindsay Thornton
- Department of RadiologyUniversity of FloridaGainesville Florida USA
| | - Christopher G. Filippi
- Department of Neurological SciencesUniversity of Vermont College of MedicineBurlington Vermont USA
- Department of RadiologyNorth Shore University Hospital‐Long Island JewishNew York New York USA
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23
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Haris M, Yadav SK, Rizwan A, Singh A, Cai K, Kaura D, Wang E, Davatzikos C, Trojanowski JQ, Melhem ER, Marincola FM, Borthakur A. T1rho MRI and CSF biomarkers in diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2015; 7:598-604. [PMID: 25844314 PMCID: PMC4375645 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2015.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Revised: 02/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
In the current study, we have evaluated the performance of magnetic resonance (MR) T1rho (T1ρ) imaging and CSF biomarkers (T-tau, P-tau and Aβ-42) in characterization of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and control subjects. With informed consent, AD (n = 27), MCI (n = 17) and control (n = 17) subjects underwent a standardized clinical assessment and brain MRI on a 1.5-T clinical-scanner. T1ρ images were obtained at four different spin-lock pulse duration (10, 20, 30 and 40 ms). T1ρ maps were generated by pixel-wise fitting of signal intensity as a function of the spin-lock pulse duration. T1ρ values from gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) of medial temporal lobe were calculated. The binary logistic regression using T1ρ and CSF biomarkers as variables was performed to classify each group. T1ρ was able to predict 77.3% controls and 40.0% MCI while CSF biomarkers predicted 81.8% controls and 46.7% MCI. T1ρ and CSF biomarkers in combination predicted 86.4% controls and 66.7% MCI. When comparing controls with AD, T1ρ predicted 68.2% controls and 73.9% AD, while CSF biomarkers predicted 77.3% controls and 78.3% for AD. Combination of T1ρ and CSF biomarkers improved the prediction rate to 81.8% for controls and 82.6% for AD. Similarly, on comparing MCI with AD, T1ρ predicted 35.3% MCI and 81.9% AD, whereas CSF biomarkers predicted 53.3% MCI and 83.0% AD. Collectively CSF biomarkers and T1ρ were able to predict 59.3% MCI and 84.6% AD. On receiver operating characteristic analysis T1ρ showed higher sensitivity while CSF biomarkers showed greater specificity in delineating MCI and AD from controls. No significant correlation between T1ρ and CSF biomarkers, between T1ρ and age, and between CSF biomarkers and age was observed. The combined use of T1ρ and CSF biomarkers have promise to improve the early and specific diagnosis of AD. Furthermore, disease progression form MCI to AD might be easily tracked using these two parameters in combination. Increased T1rho was observed in MCI and AD compared to controls. Increased T-tau and P-tau and decreased Aβ1-42 were observed in MCI and AD. Combined biomarkers have promise to improve early and specific diagnosis of AD. MCI to AD progression might be tracked using these two biomarkers in combination.
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Key Words
- AD, Alzheimer's disease
- Alzheimer's disease
- Aβ1-42, amyloid beta 42
- CSF biomarkers
- CSF, cerebrospinal fluid
- FOV, field of view
- GM, gray matter
- MCI, mild cognitive impairment
- MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination
- MPRAGE, magnetization prepared rapid acquisition gradient-echo
- MRI, magnetic resonance imaging
- MTL, medial temporal lobe
- Medial temporal lobe
- Mild cognitive impairment
- PET, positron emission tomography
- ROC, receiver operating characteristic.
- T-tau, total tau
- T1rho
- T1ρ, T1rho
- TE, echo time
- TI, inversion time
- TR, repetition time
- TSL, total spin lock
- WM, white matter
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Haris
- Research Branch, Sidra Medical and Research Center, Doha, Qatar ; Center for Magnetic Resonance and Optical Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Santosh K Yadav
- Research Branch, Sidra Medical and Research Center, Doha, Qatar
| | - Arshi Rizwan
- All India Institute of Medical Science, Ansari Nagar East, New Delhi, Delhi 110029, India
| | - Anup Singh
- Center for Magnetic Resonance and Optical Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA ; Center for Biomedical Engineering, Indian institute of Technology, New Delhi, India
| | - Kejia Cai
- Center for Magnetic Resonance and Optical Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA ; Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Radiology Department, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Deepak Kaura
- Research Branch, Sidra Medical and Research Center, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ena Wang
- Research Branch, Sidra Medical and Research Center, Doha, Qatar
| | - Christos Davatzikos
- Section of Biomedical Image Analysis, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John Q Trojanowski
- Department of Pathology & Lab Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Elias R Melhem
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Arijitt Borthakur
- Center for Magnetic Resonance and Optical Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Brain abnormalities in bipolar disorder detected by quantitative T1ρ mapping. Mol Psychiatry 2015; 20:201-6. [PMID: 25560762 PMCID: PMC4346383 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2014.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Revised: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal metabolism has been reported in bipolar disorder, however, these studies have been limited to specific regions of the brain. To investigate whole-brain changes potentially associated with these processes, we applied a magnetic resonance imaging technique novel to psychiatric research, quantitative mapping of T1 relaxation in the rotating frame (T1ρ). This method is sensitive to proton chemical exchange, which is affected by pH, metabolite concentrations and cellular density with high spatial resolution relative to alternative techniques such as magnetic resonance spectroscopy and positron emission tomography. Study participants included 15 patients with bipolar I disorder in the euthymic state and 25 normal controls balanced for age and gender. T1ρ maps were generated and compared between the bipolar and control groups using voxel-wise and regional analyses. T1ρ values were found to be elevated in the cerebral white matter and cerebellum in the bipolar group. However, volumes of these areas were normal as measured by high-resolution T1- and T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. Interestingly, the cerebellar T1ρ abnormalities were normalized in participants receiving lithium treatment. These findings are consistent with metabolic or microstructural abnormalities in bipolar disorder and draw attention to roles of the cerebral white matter and cerebellum. This study highlights the potential utility of high-resolution T1ρ mapping in psychiatric research.
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