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Solorzano ER, Roverso M, Bogialli S, Bortoli M, Orian L, Badocco D, Pettenuzzo S, Favaro G, Pastore P. Antioxidant activity of Zuccagnia-type propolis: A combined approach based on LC-HRMS analysis of bioanalytical-guided fractions and computational investigation. Food Chem 2024; 461:140827. [PMID: 39146684 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Revised: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
This study reports a combined approach to assess the antioxidant activity of Zuccagnia-type propolis. Fractions exhibiting the highest antioxidant activities evidenced by DPPH, a β-carotene bleaching and superoxide radical scavenging activity-non-enzymatic assays, were processed by LC-HRMS/MS to characterize the relevant chemical compounds. A computational protocol based on the DFT calculations was used to rationalize the main outcomes. Among the 28 identified flavonoids, caffeic acids derivatives were in the fraction exhibiting the highest antioxidant activity, with 1-methyl-3-(4'-hydroxyphenyl)-propyl caffeic acid ester and 1-methyl-3-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)-propyl caffeic acid ester as major components. Results clearly showed roles of specific chemical motifs, which can be supported by the computational analysis. This is the first report ascribing the antioxidant ability of Zuccagnia-type propolis to its content in specific caffeic acid derivatives, a potential source of radical scavenging phytochemicals. The proposed protocol can be extended to the study of other plant-products to address the most interesting bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana Rita Solorzano
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padua, Via Marzolo, 1, 35131 Padova, Italy; Facultad de Bioquimica, Quimica y Farmacia, Instituto de Fisica, Universidad Nacional de Tucuman, Argentina
| | - Marco Roverso
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padua, Via Marzolo, 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Sara Bogialli
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padua, Via Marzolo, 1, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Marco Bortoli
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padua, Via Marzolo, 1, 35131 Padova, Italy; Hylleraas Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences and Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, PO Box 1033 Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Laura Orian
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padua, Via Marzolo, 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Denis Badocco
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padua, Via Marzolo, 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Silvia Pettenuzzo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padua, Via Marzolo, 1, 35131 Padova, Italy; Department Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, University of Padua, Via Marzolo, 9, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Gabriella Favaro
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padua, Via Marzolo, 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Paolo Pastore
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padua, Via Marzolo, 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
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2
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Kuhnert N. Children of Nature: Thoughts on Targeted and Untargeted Analytical Approaches to Decipher Polyphenol Reactivity in Food Processing and Metabolism. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:17695-17705. [PMID: 39101581 PMCID: PMC11328182 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c09211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Following 25 years of polyphenol research in our laboratory, the astonishing chemical and metabolic reactivity of polyphenols resulting in considerable chemical diversity has emerged as the most remarkable attribute of this class of natural products. To illustrate this concept, we will present selected data from black tea and coffee chemistry. In black tea chemistry, enzymatic fermentation converts six catechin derivatives into an estimated 30 000 different polyphenolic compounds via a process we have termed the oxidative cascade process. In coffee roasting, around 45 chlorogenic acids are converted into an estimated 250 novel derivatives following a series of diverse chemical transformations. Following ingestion by humans, these dietary polyphenols, whether genuine secondary metabolites or food processing products, encounter the microorganisms of the gut microbiota, converting them into a myriad of novel structures. In the case of coffee, only two out of 250 chlorogenic acids are absorbed intact, with most others being subject to gut microbial metabolism. Modern mass spectrometry (MS) has been key in unravelling the true complexity of polyphenols subjected to food processing and metabolism. We will accompany this assay with a short overview on analytical strategies developed, including ultrahigh-resolution MS, tandem MS, multivariate statistics, and molecular networking that allow an insight into the fascinating chemical processes surrounding dietary polyphenols. Finally, experimental results studying biological activity of polyphenols will be presented and discussed, highlighting a general promiscuity of this class of compounds associated with nonselective protein binding leading to loss of enzymatic function, another noteworthy general property of many dietary polyphenols frequently overlooked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolai Kuhnert
- School of Science, Constructor University, Campusring 8, 28759 Bremen, Germany
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3
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Sabzi F, Kuhnert N. Identification of oxygenated triacylglycerols in pistachio nuts' lipids by reverse-phase high-resolution-liquid chromatography-ESI mass spectrometry. Food Res Int 2024; 178:113750. [PMID: 38309857 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Hydroxy- and peroxy-triacylglycerols are common products of lipid peroxidation formed during oil storage or heating or as enzymatic oxidation product of arachidonic acid as signaling molecules in mammals. In this study, oxygenated triacylglycerides (TAG) were identified in pistachio oil based on reverse phase(RP), high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization and mass spectrometry (HPLC- ESI -MS). 20 novel lipid plant metabolites, classified based on their fragment spectra into a hydroxy (TAG-OH), an epoxy (TAG-O), and hydroperoxide (TAG-OOH) groups. We believe that this class of compounds has been for the first time observed as genuine secondary plant metabolites in a natural source in this case pistachio lipids of dietary relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariba Sabzi
- School of Science, Constructor University, Campus Ring 1, 28759 Bremen, Germany
| | - Nikolai Kuhnert
- School of Science, Constructor University, Campus Ring 1, 28759 Bremen, Germany.
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4
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Peng Y, Du Z, Wang X, Wu R, Zheng C, Han W, Liu L, Gao F, Liu G, Liu B, Hao Z, Yu X. From heat to flavor: Unlocking new chemical signatures to discriminate Wuyi rock tea under light and moderate roasting. Food Chem 2024; 431:137148. [PMID: 37598651 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Roasting is crucial for the distinct flavor of Wuyi rock tea (WRT). This study applied untargeted metabolomics to investigate the effects of roasting on 139 WRT samples roasted at light fire (LF) or moderate fire (MF) intensities. Compared to LF, MF roasting led to a decrease in the cis/trans flavanol ratio by 56% and theanine by 85%, while increasing the levels of N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidione-substituted flavanols (EPSFs), flavonol aglycones and flavone C-glycosides. Two new roast markers, 3-p-coumaroyl 1,5-lactone and 4-p-coumaroyl 1,5-lactone, were identified in WRT and their formation increased with roasting temperature. MF roasting facilitated the formation of diverse heterocycles (e.g., pyrazines) and aldehydes (e.g., (Z)-4-heptenal and (E,E)-2.4-decadienal) that contributed to the augmented roasted and fatty odors in WRT. Additionally, the Maillard product furfuryl methyl ether was solely detected in MF samples. These findings provide novel insights into roast markers in WRT with implications for improving quality control measures during tea roasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Peng
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Center for Plant Metabolomics, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Zhenghua Du
- Center for Plant Metabolomics, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xiaxia Wang
- Center for Plant Metabolomics, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Ruimei Wu
- Center for Plant Metabolomics, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Chao Zheng
- Center for Plant Metabolomics, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Wenbo Han
- Center for Plant Metabolomics, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Li Liu
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Center for Plant Metabolomics, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Fujian Farming Technology Extension Center, Fuzhou 350003, China
| | - Guoying Liu
- Wuyishan Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Wuyishan 354300, China
| | | | - Zhilong Hao
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Xiaomin Yu
- Center for Plant Metabolomics, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
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5
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Strocchi G, Müller AB, Kuhnert N, Martina K, Bicchi C, Liberto E. Diterpenes stability of commercial blends of roasted and ground coffees packed in copolymer coupled with aluminium and eco-friendly capsules. Food Res Int 2023; 174:113577. [PMID: 37986525 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Diterpenes are group of compounds of the terpenic fraction of roasted coffee and account for about 7-20 % (w/w) of the lipid fraction. Several parameters can influence their occurrence in coffee beans and beverages including species and post-harvest processing. Diterpenes in coffee have been studied extensively, but to the best of the authors' knowledge, there is no information in the literature on their stability over time. Coffee is a relatively stable product under optimal temperature, humidity and oxygen conditions. However, during storage it can undergo a series of chemical and physical reactions that alter its flavour and lead to rancidity, mainly due to the oxidative reactions that take place on the lipid fraction. In this study, the effect of long-term storage on the diterpene content of different commercial coffee blends and packaging is analysed and critically discussed. The Results show that the storage influences the internal environment of the capsules with an increase in moisture and a decrease in pH favouring more reactive conditions, especially for Eco capsules. Relative stability over time is observed for cafestol and kahweol. dehydro derivatives show a degradation up to T60 independently on the blends and packaging, which is not related to their precursors. The permeability of packaging and blends affect the modification of these components: while a drastic oxidation process takes place in Arabica eco compatible capsules (PC) when acidity and moisture increase, in Arabica/Robusta eco compatible capsules (IC) as well as in Arabica/Robusta and Arabica standard capsules (IS and PS) the peroxides tend to increase resulting in an autocatalytic propagation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Strocchi
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 9, Turin, Italy
| | - Anja B Müller
- School of Science, Constructor University, Bremen, Campus Ring 8, 28759 Bremen, Germany
| | - Nikolai Kuhnert
- School of Science, Constructor University, Bremen, Campus Ring 8, 28759 Bremen, Germany
| | - Katia Martina
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 9, Turin, Italy
| | - Carlo Bicchi
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 9, Turin, Italy
| | - Erica Liberto
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 9, Turin, Italy.
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6
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Patras MA, Davalos JZ, Kuhnert N. Understanding the fragmentation of glucose in mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2023; 58:e4972. [PMID: 37614033 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
The fragmentation mechanism of D-glucose was investigated in detail by two different fragmentation techniques, namely, collision-induced dissociation (CID) and infrared multiphoton dissociation (IRMPD) using all six 13 C-labeled isotopomers and 2 H-labeled isotopomers. For both CID and IRMPD energy-resolved measurements were carried out. Individual fragmentation pathways were studied at MS2 and MS3 levels. Additionally, we have developed an HPLC-tandem MS method to separate the anomers of D-glucose using a HILIC column and investigated their fragmentation patterns individually. We propose a complete fragmentation landscape of D-glucose, demonstrating that a rather simple multifunctional molecule displays extreme complexity in gas phase dissociation, following multiple parallel fragmentation routes yielding a total of 23 distinct fragment ions. The results allowed a detailed formulation of the complex fragmentation mechanism of D-glucose. The results have immediate consequences for the full structure analysis of complex carbohydrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Patras
- School of Science, Constructor University, Bremen, Germany
| | - Juan Z Davalos
- Institute of Physical Chemistry Rocasolano, Madrid, Spain
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7
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Said IH, Truex JD, Haka S, Petrov DD, Kuhnert N. Unbiased and biased chemometric analysis of LC-MS data from human urine following coffee intake. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2023; 58:e4971. [PMID: 37604685 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
We carried out a human volunteer study with 14 participants, eight of whom were asked to consume one cup of coffee at four different time points. Urine samples were collected at eight time points and analyzed by HPLC-MS analysis. The LC-MS data were subjected to unsupervised multivariate statistical analysis (principal component analysis) followed by supervised multivariate analysis (linear discriminant analysis). In an unbiased approach, in the absence of data preselection and filtering, the most important features explaining differences between coffee consumers and the control group observed showed variations in endogenous human hormonal steroid metabolites as well as xanthine derivatives. Only after a biased data treatment data revealed differences between the sample groups based on literature reported chlorogenic acid metabolites resulting directly from coffee intake. Such analysis could confirm the presence of 21 previously reported chlorogenic acid plasma metabolites as urinary metabolites. The application of tandem MS molecular networking revealed the presence of five bioavailable chlorogenic acid derivatives in urine previously not reported, including both quinic acid lactone and dimethoxy caffeoyl esters. Selected cinnamic acids were quantified in urine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sara Haka
- School of Science, Constructor University, Campus Ring 1, Bremen, Germany
| | - Dimitar D Petrov
- School of Science, Constructor University, Campus Ring 1, Bremen, Germany
| | - Nikolai Kuhnert
- School of Science, Constructor University, Campus Ring 1, Bremen, Germany
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8
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De Luca M, Tuberoso CIG, Pons R, García MT, Morán MDC, Ferino G, Vassallo A, Martelli G, Caddeo C. Phenolic Fingerprint, Bioactivity and Nanoformulation of Prunus spinosa L. Fruit Extract for Skin Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15041063. [PMID: 37111548 PMCID: PMC10144133 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15041063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The nanoformulation of plant extracts in phospholipid vesicles is a promising strategy to exploit the biological properties of natural bioactive substances and overcome drawbacks such as poor aqueous solubility, chemical instability, low skin permeation and retention time, which strongly limit their topical application. In this study, Prunus spinosa berries were used for the preparation of a hydro-ethanolic extract, which showed antioxidant and antibacterial properties owing to the presence of phenolic compounds. Two types of phospholipid vesicles were developed to improve the applicability as topical formulations. Liposomes and Penetration Enhancer-containing Vesicles were characterized for mean diameter, polydispersity, surface charge, shape, lamellarity, and entrapment efficiency. Additionally, their safety was assayed with different cell models, including erythrocytes and representative skin cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria De Luca
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Viale dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
- KAMABIO Srl, Via Al Boschetto 4/B, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | - Carlo Ignazio Giovanni Tuberoso
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, SS 554–bivio per Sestu, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Ramon Pons
- Department of Surfactants and Nanobiotechnology, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), c/Jordi Girona, 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Teresa García
- Department of Surfactants and Nanobiotechnology, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), c/Jordi Girona, 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - María del Carmen Morán
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Physiology Section, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, Avda. Joan XXIII 27–31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology-IN2UB, University of Barcelona, Avda. Diagonal, 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Giulio Ferino
- CeSAR, University of Cagliari, SS 554–Bivio per Sestu, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Antonio Vassallo
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Viale dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
- Spinoff TNcKILLERS s.r.l., Viale dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Martelli
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Viale dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Carla Caddeo
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, SS 554–bivio per Sestu, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy
- Correspondence:
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9
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Fan L, Wu L, Yu XH, Chen YB, Lin L, Li SG. The ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology of the genus Erycibe (Convolvulaceae). JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 278:114312. [PMID: 34107330 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The genus Erycibe belongs to the Convolvulaceae family that contains approximately 70 species mainly distributed from tropical and subtropical Asia to north of Australia. Several Erycibe species are traditionally used in folk medicine for the treatment of various ailments, including rheumatic arthralgia, primary glaucoma, hepatopathies, and infectious and malignant diseases. AIM OF THE REVIEW This review aims to summarize comprehensive and updated information on traditional medicinal uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology of Erycibe species to provide a reference for the further research and application of the Erycibe genus. MATERIALS AND METHODS The scientific and extensive literatures between 1975 and 2020 were systematically gathered from scientific databases such as SciFinder Scholar, Science Direct, Web of Science, PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, Springer Link and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), as well as Chinese herbal classic books, PhD and MSc theses, and several official websites. RESULTS Erycibe species have been used for the treatment of various rheumatoid diseases, glaucoma, a variety of hepatic diseases, infectious diseases and various malignancies in the traditional and local medicine. Since the 1970s, 153 compounds, including coumarins, quinic acid derivatives, flavonoids, alkaloids, lignans, and others have been isolated from five species of the Erycibe genus. Pharmacological studies have shown that these extracts and compounds from the Erycibe genus have extensive activities consistent with the traditional and local applications, such as anti-glaucoma, anti-arthritic, hepatoprotective and anti-cancer activities, as well as anti-inflammatory, anti-respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and neuroprotective properties. CONCLUSIONS Although there are extensive data on the genus Erycibe, certain specific gaps still exist. For herbal preparations containing Erycibe species, clinical toxicological investigation is required for the safety of these herbal preparation therapies, as well as further investigations on pharmacokinetics and bioavailability for guideline for clinical application. Furthermore, more detailed pharmacological, toxicological and clinical researches are needed to assess the alternatives to Erycibe species. Systematic and comprehensive pre-clinical studies are similarly required to estimate the possibility of extracts and compounds from the genus Erycibe with bioactivity developing into new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Fan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Emergency in TCM, The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Lei Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Emergency in TCM, The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xu-Hua Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Emergency in TCM, The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yuan-Bin Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Emergency in TCM, The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Lin Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Emergency in TCM, The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Shuo-Guo Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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10
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Piccolella S, Crescente G, Formato M, Pacifico S. A Cup of Hemp Coffee by Moka Pot from Southern Italy: An UHPLC-HRMS Investigation. Foods 2020; 9:foods9081123. [PMID: 32824076 PMCID: PMC7466224 DOI: 10.3390/foods9081123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
After a long period defined by prohibition of hemp production, this crop has been recently re-evaluated in various industrial sectors. Until now, inflorescences have been considered a processing by-product, not useful for the food industry, and their disposal also represents an economic problem for farmers. The objects of the present work are coffee blends enriched with shredded inflorescences of different cultivars of industrial hemp that underwent solid/liquid extraction into the Italian “moka” coffee maker. The obtained coffee drinks were analyzed by Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS) tools for their quali-quantitative phytocannabinoid profiles. The results showed that they are minor constituents compared to chlorogenic acids and caffeine in all samples. In particular, cannabidiolic acid was the most abundant among phytocannabinoids, followed by tetrahydrocannabinolic acid. Neither Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) nor cannabinol, its main oxidation product, were detected. The percentage of total THC never exceeded 0.04%, corresponding to 0.4 mg/kg, far below the current maximum limits imposed by the Italian Ministry of Health. This study opens up a new concrete possibility to exploit hemp processing by-products in order to obtain drinks with high added value and paves the way for further in vitro and in vivo investigations aimed at promoting their benefits for human health.
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11
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Li L, Su C, Chen X, Wang Q, Jiao W, Luo H, Tang J, Wang W, Li S, Guo S. Chlorogenic Acids in Cardiovascular Disease: A Review of Dietary Consumption, Pharmacology, and Pharmacokinetics. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:6464-6484. [PMID: 32441927 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c01554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Chlorogenic acids (CGAs) have gained considerable attention as pervasive human dietary constituents with potential cardiovascular-preserving effects. The main sources include coffee, yerba mate, Eucommia ulmodies leaves, and Lonicerae Japonicae Flos. CGA consumption can reduce the risks of hypertension, atherosclerosis, heart failure, myocardial infarction, and other factors associated with cardiovascular risk, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. This review recapitulates recent advances of CGAs in the cardiovascular-preserving effects, pharmacokinetics, sources, and safety. Emerging evidence indicates that CGAs exhibit circulatory guarding properties through the suppression of oxidative stress, leukocyte infiltration, platelet aggregation, platelet-leukocyte interactions, vascular remodeling, and apoptosis as well as the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism and vasodilatory action in the cardiovascular system. CGAs exert these effects by acting on complex signaling networks, but the global mechanisms are still not clear. The oral bioavailability of CGA is poor, and there is a potential sensitization concern about CGA. The bioactive metabolites, systematic toxicity, and optimized structure are needed for further identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Congping Su
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangyang Chen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenchao Jiao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Luo
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayang Tang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Sen Li
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuzhen Guo
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
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12
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Low Level of Allergens in the Argentinean Plant Zuccagnia punctata Cav.: Screening and Quality Control of North-Western Propolis Using an LC-DAD-QTOF System. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9173546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
North-western Argentinean propolis (NAP), having promising bioactivity, was recently included into the National Food Code. Zuccagnia punctata Cav., a native shrub of north-western Argentina, is one of the prevalent botanical sources of NAPs, but no information on its allergenic constituents was available so far. A liquid chromatography-diode array detector -quadrupole-time of flight system (LC-DAD-QTOF) was used as a screening method for the reliable identification of sensitizing agents belonging to caffeic acid derivatives in Z. punctata and in two NAPs collected in the provinces of Catamarca and Tucumán. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester, one of the most active allergens in propolis, was never detected in either Z. punctata or NAP. Among 31 sensitizers, only geranyl caffeate was alleged in Z. punctata as <10% of its major constituent, whereas three caffeic acid derivatives with strong allergenic effect, i.e., geranyl, pentenyl, and benzyl caffeates, occurred in NAP samples (29%–36% of the Z. punctata major constituent), indicating other minor botanical sources. However, the high content of chalcones and flavonoids ascribed to Z. punctata significantly contributes to the antiallergenic and antioxidant character of these NAPs. This peculiar chemical profile depends on the extremophile condition in which this shrub grows and suggests other studies to characterize such raw materials for oral and topical formulations.
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Hernandez J, Müller A, Jaiswal R, Davalos JZ, Kuhnert N. Energy resolved mass spectrometry of chlorogenic acids and its application to isomer quantification by direct infusion tandem mass spectrometry. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2018; 29:406-412. [PMID: 29785755 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION With the advent of high-perfomance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-tandem mass spectrometry (MS) using ion trap mass analysers it is possible to acquire unambigious structural information in particular with respect to aspects of regiochemistry and stereochemistry of organic compounds present in complex mixtures such as coffee extracts. However, HPLC-MS methods are resource extensive, laborious and lacking user friendliness. OBJECTIVE To introduce a simple parameter - the energy threshhold for fragmentation - determined using energy resolved MS and demonstrate its value for the complete structural characterisation and even relative quantification of individual isomeric chlrogenic acids in direct infusion experiments. METHODOLOGY Monocaffeoyl and dicaffeoyl quinic acids were investigated by direct infusion energy resolved mass spectrometry (ER-MS) in negative in mode, using a quadrupole ion trap and quadrupole time-of-flight (Q-TOF) mass spectrometer. Methanolic coffee extracts were quantitatively investigated by HPLC-MS and direct infusion ER-MS. RESULTS Fragmentation occurs with retention of regiochemistry and regiochemistry of fragment ions can be determined using ER-MS. Analysis of breakdown graphs allows extraction of a single numerical parameter that allows assignment of regiochemistry. Analysis of monocaffeoyl and dicaffeoyl quinic acids revealed that regiosiomers could be distinguished and assigned based on their dissociation energies in collisional induced activation. Furthermore relative quantification of regioisomers by direct infusion ER-MS is possible within an error range of ±10% if compared with a conventional quantitative LC-MS method. CONCLUSION ER-MS can be exploited in determining relative isomers quantities of chlorogenic acids (CGAs) in crude plant extracts by direct infusion tandem MS omitting time and resource intensive chromatographic separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Hernandez
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Anja Müller
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Rakesh Jaiswal
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Juan Z Davalos
- Institute of Physical Chemistry Rocasolano, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nikolai Kuhnert
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University Bremen, Bremen, Germany
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Willems JL, Low NH. Structural identification of compounds for use in the detection of juice-to-juice debasing between apple and pear juices. Food Chem 2017; 241:346-352. [PMID: 28958538 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.08.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The ability to detect the undeclared addition of a juice of lesser economic value to one of higher value (juice-to-juice debasing) is a particular concern between apple and pear juices due to similarities in their major carbohydrate/polyol profiles. Fingerprint compounds for the detection of this type of adulteration were identified in both commercial apple and pear juices by HPLC-PDA, were isolated chromatographically, and structurally identified by LC-MS/MS. The apple juice fingerprint was identified as 4-O-p-coumarylquinic acid and two pear compounds as isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside and abscisic acid. Additionally, the HPLC-PDA profile of pear juices in combination with pear fingerprint compounds including arbutin could be used to identify samples originating from China versus those from other geographical locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie L Willems
- Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - Nicholas H Low
- Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5A8, Canada.
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Solorzano ER, Bortolini C, Bogialli S, Di Gangi IM, Favaro G, Maldonado L, Pastore P. Use of a LC-DAD-QTOF system for the characterization of the phenolic profile of the argentinean plant Zuccagnia punctata and of the related propolis: New biomarkers. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
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Xu Y, Zhang DY, Meng XY, Liu X, Sheng S, Wu GH, Wang J, Wu FA. Generic DART-MS platform for monitoring the on-demand continuous-flow production of pharmaceuticals: Advancing the quantitative protocol for caffeates in microfluidic biocatalysis. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 137:243-251. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.01.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 01/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Dawidowicz AL, Typek R. Transformation of chlorogenic acids during the coffee beans roasting process. Eur Food Res Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-016-2751-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Willems JL, Khamis MM, Mohammed Saeid W, Purves RW, Katselis G, Low NH, El-Aneed A. Analysis of a series of chlorogenic acid isomers using differential ion mobility and tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 933:164-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Lima JDP, Farah A, King B, de Paulis T, Martin PR. Distribution of Major Chlorogenic Acids and Related Compounds in Brazilian Green and Toasted Ilex paraguariensis (Maté) Leaves. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:2361-2370. [PMID: 26924157 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b00276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Ilex paraguariensis (maté) is one of the best sources of chlorogenic acids (CGA) in nature. When leaves are toasted, some isomers are partly transformed into 1,5-γ-quinolactones (CGL). Both CGA and CGL are important contributors to the brew's flavor and are thought to contribute to human health. In this study, we quantified 9 CGA, 2 CGL, and caffeic acid in 20 samples of dried green and toasted maté that are commercially available in Brazil. Total CGA content in green maté varied from 8.7 to 13.2 g/100 g, dry weight (dw). Caffeic acid content varied from 10.8 to 13.5 mg/100 g dw, respectively. Content in toasted maté varied from 1.5 to 4.6 g/100 g and from 1.5 to 7.2 mg/100 g dw, respectively. Overall, caffeoylquinic acid isomers (CQA) were the most abundant CGA in both green and toasted maté, followed by dicaffeoylquinic acids (diCQA) and feruloylquinic acids (FQA). These classes accounted for 58.5%, 40.0%, and 1.5% of CGA, respectively, in green maté and 76.3%, 20.7%, and 3.0%, respectively, in toasted maté. Average contents of 3-caffeoylquinolactone (3-CQL) and 4-caffeoylquinolactone (4-CQL) in commercial toasted samples were 101.5 mg/100 g and 61.8 mg/100 g dw, respectively. These results show that, despite overall losses during the toasting process, CGA concentrations are still substantial in toasted leaves, compared to other food sources of CGA and phenolic compounds in general. In addition to evaluating commercial samples, investigation of changes in CGA profile and formation of 1,5-γ-quinolactones was performed in experimental maté toasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana de Paula Lima
- Laboratório de Química e Bioatividade de Alimentos, Instituto de Nutrição, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro , Ilha do Fundão, CCS bloco J, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Adriana Farah
- Laboratório de Química e Bioatividade de Alimentos, Instituto de Nutrição, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro , Ilha do Fundão, CCS bloco J, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Benjamin King
- Laboratório de Química e Bioatividade de Alimentos, Instituto de Nutrição, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro , Ilha do Fundão, CCS bloco J, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Tomas de Paulis
- Psychiatry Department, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Vanderbilt Psychiatric Hospital, Suite 3068, 1601 23rd Avenue South, Nashville, Tennessee 37212-8645, United States
| | - Peter R Martin
- Psychiatry Department, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Vanderbilt Psychiatric Hospital, Suite 3068, 1601 23rd Avenue South, Nashville, Tennessee 37212-8645, United States
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Moreira AS, Coimbra MA, Nunes FM, Passos CP, Santos SA, Silvestre AJ, Silva AM, Rangel M, Domingues MRM. Chlorogenic acid–arabinose hybrid domains in coffee melanoidins: Evidences from a model system. Food Chem 2015; 185:135-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.03.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Revised: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Jaiswal R, Karar MGE, Gadir HA, Kuhnert N. Identification and characterisation of phenolics from Ixora coccinea L. (Rubiaceae) by liquid chromatography multi-stage mass spectrometry. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2014; 25:567-576. [PMID: 25185927 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2013] [Revised: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ixora coccinea L. leaves and stem are used in traditional Sudanese and Ayurvedic medicinal systems for the treatment of diarrhoea, fever, headache, skin diseases, eye trouble, wounds, sores and ulcers. Recent studies show that I. coccinea has anti-oxidant, anti-bacterial, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, analgaesic, anti-diarrhoeal, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, anti-mutagenic, wound healing and anti-tumour activities. Ixora coccinea is a rich source of polyphenols such as proanthocyanidins, flavonoids, flavonoids glycosides and tannins. OBJECTIVES To develop a LC-MS(n) method for the identification and characterisation of phenolic compounds of I. coccinea L. leaves and stem. METHODS Aqueous methanolic (70% methanol) extracts of I. coccinea leaves and stem were used for LC-MS(n) to ensure efficient extraction of phenolics. A C18 amide reverse-phase HPLC column allowed separation of the phenolic compounds, including different isomers. For the LC-MS measurements, negative ion mode was used in order to obtain better tandem mass spectra and high-resolution mass spectra. RESULTS The phenolics were identified by their typical UV absorptions at 254, 280 and 320 nm. All the flavonol glycosides showed a neutral loss of the glycan part; hydroxycinnamates showed loss of the cinnamoyl/cinnamic acid part; while proanthocyanidins showed a Diels-Alder fragment in negative ion mode mass spectra. CONCLUSION It was possible to identify C-3 and C-7 flavonol glycosides by their order of elution and it was also possible to predict the glycosylation position in flavonol diglycosides from their tandem mass spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Jaiswal
- School of Engineering and Science, Chemistry, Jacobs University Bremen, Campus Ring 8, 28759, Bremen, Germany
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Deshpande S, Jaiswal R, Matei MF, Kuhnert N. Investigation of acyl migration in mono- and dicaffeoylquinic acids under aqueous basic, aqueous acidic, and dry roasting conditions. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:9160-9170. [PMID: 25116442 DOI: 10.1021/jf5017384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Acyl migration in chlorogenic acids describes the process of migration of cinnamoyl moieties from one quinic acid alcohol group to another, thus interconverting chlorogenic acid regioisomers. It therefore constitutes a special case of transesterification reaction. Acyl migration constitutes an important reaction pathway in both coffee roasting and brewing, altering the structure of chlorogenic acid initially present in the green coffee bean. In this contribution we describe detailed and comprehensive mechanistic studies comparing inter- and intramolecular acyl migration involving the seven most common chlorogenic acids in coffee. We employe aqueous acidic and basic conditions mimicking the brewing of coffee along with dry roasting conditions. We show that under aqueous basic conditions intramolecular acyl migration is fully reversible with basic hydrolysis competing with acyl migration. 3-Caffeoylquinic acid was shown to be most labile to basic hydrolysis. We additionally show that the acyl migration process is strongly pH dependent with increased transesterification taking place at basic pH. Under dry roasting conditions acyl migration competes with dehydration to form lactones. We argue that acyl migration precedes lactonization, with 3-caffeoylquinic acid lactone being the predominant product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagar Deshpande
- School of Engineering and Science, Chemistry, Jacobs University Bremen , 28759 Bremen, Germany
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Jaiswal R, Matei MF, Subedi P, Kuhnert N. Does roasted coffee contain chlorogenic acid lactones or/and cinnamoylshikimate esters? Food Res Int 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2013.09.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Jaiswal R, Kuhnert N. Identification and characterization of the phenolic glycosides of Lagenaria siceraria Stand. (bottle gourd) fruit by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:1261-1271. [PMID: 24447091 DOI: 10.1021/jf4053989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Bottle gourd, Lagenaria siceraria Stand. (Cucurbitaceae), fruit is used in folk medicines and for culinary purposes in Asia. The phenolics of bottle gourd fruit were investigated qualitatively by LC-MS(n). Twenty-two phenolic glycosides were detected and characterized on the basis of their unique fragmentation pattern in the negative ion mode tandem MS spectra. Twenty of them were extracted for the first time from this source, and twelve of them have not been reported previously in nature. It was also possible to distinguish between the individual classes of isobaric phenolic glycosides by tandem and high-resolution mass spectrometry. In this study we also discuss the mass spectrometric fragmentation mechanism of 6-(hydroxycinnamoyl)glucoses. This is the first report of the full characterization of phenolic glycosides of bottle gourd fruit by LC-MS²⁻⁴.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Jaiswal
- Chemistry, School of Engineering and Science, Jacobs University Bremen , Campus Ring 1, 28759 Bremen, Germany
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Nuhu AA. Bioactive micronutrients in coffee: recent analytical approaches for characterization and quantification. ISRN NUTRITION 2014; 2014:384230. [PMID: 24967266 PMCID: PMC4045301 DOI: 10.1155/2014/384230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Production of coffee beans is an important lifeline for the economy of several countries in Latin America, Africa, and Asia. The brew from this well sought for cash crop is readily consumed due to its good sensory qualities owing to the presence of many micronutrients. Some of these chemical compounds possess biological activities, including antiproliferative, antioxidant, and antimicrobial effects. Four representative groups of these micronutrients, namely, caffeine, chlorogenic acid, diterpenes, and trigonelline, play key roles in these bioactive effects of coffee. In order to guarantee the quality of coffee products and to protect consumer interest and safeguard their well-being, it is extremely important to employ sensitive and accurate analytical methods in the characterization and quantitative determination of these bioactive constituents. This review aims to present recent applications in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulmumin A. Nuhu
- Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, PMB 1069, Zaria, Kaduna 2222, Nigeria
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Sinisi V, Boronová K, Colomban S, Navarini L, Berti F, Forzato C. Synthesis of Mono-, Di-, and Tri-3,4-dimethoxycinnamoyl-1,5-γ-quinides. European J Org Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201301657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Jaiswal R, Karaköse H, Rühmann S, Goldner K, Neumüller M, Treutter D, Kuhnert N. Identification of phenolic compounds in plum fruits (Prunus salicina L. and Prunus domestica L.) by high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry and characterization of varieties by quantitative phenolic fingerprints. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:12020-12031. [PMID: 24152059 DOI: 10.1021/jf402288j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Plums (Prunus domestica L. and Prunus salicina L.) are edible fruits mostly consumed in America, China, and Europe. We have used LC-MS(n) to detect and characterize the phenolic compounds in plum varieties. Forty-one phenolics were detected comprising caffeoylquinic acids, feruloylquinic acid, p-coumaroylquinic acids, methyl caffeoylquinates, methyl p-coumaroylquinate, caffeoylshikimic acids, catechin, epicatechin, rutin, esculin, quercetin, quercetin-3-O-hexosides, dimeric proanthocyanidins, trimeric proanthocyanidins, caffeoyl-glucoside, feruloyl-glucoside, p-coumaroyl-glucoside, vanillic acid-glucosides, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoyl-glucoside, quercetin-3-O-pentosides, quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside, quercetin-pentoside-rhamnosides, and 3-p-methoxycinnamoylquinic acid. This is the first time when 3-p-methoxycinnamoylquinic acid is reported in nature. Chlorogenic acids and proanthocyanidins were the major phenolics present in plums. Furthermore, HPLC with DAD and chemical reaction detection was used to generate quantitative phenolic fingerprints from the fruit flesh of 33 plum varieties. The predominant compound was 3-caffeoylquinic acid in nearly all varieties studied; generally, however, the qualitative and quantitative profiles showed high diversity even among closely related progenies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Jaiswal
- School of Engineering and Science, Chemistry, Jacobs University Bremen , 28759 Bremen, Germany
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Carazzone C, Mascherpa D, Gazzani G, Papetti A. Identification of phenolic constituents in red chicory salads (Cichorium intybus) by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection and electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry. Food Chem 2013; 138:1062-71. [PMID: 23411215 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.11.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2012] [Revised: 11/08/2012] [Accepted: 11/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Phenolic acids and flavonoids extracted from several types of Cichorium intybus var. silvestre salads ("Chioggia", "Treviso", "Treviso tardivo", and "Verona") were characterised by high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionisation/mass spectrometry. Among the 64 compounds detected, several hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives including 8 mono- and dicaffeoylquinic acids, 3 tartaric acid derivatives, 31 flavonol and 2 flavone glycosides, as well as 10 anthocyanins were characterised based on UV spectra and MS(n) fragmentation patterns. Furthermore, several isomers of caffeic acid derivatives were distinguished for the first time by their specific mass spectral data. This is the first study reporting the glycosylation type and position of mono- and diglycosylated flavonoids in red salads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Carazzone
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
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Kuhnert N, Dairpoosh F, Yassin G, Golon A, Jaiswal R. What is under the hump? Mass spectrometry based analysis of complex mixtures in processed food – lessons from the characterisation of black tea thearubigins, coffee melanoidines and caramel. Food Funct 2013; 4:1130-47. [DOI: 10.1039/c3fo30385c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Matei MF, Jaiswal R, Kuhnert N. Investigating the chemical changes of chlorogenic acids during coffee brewing: conjugate addition of water to the olefinic moiety of chlorogenic acids and their quinides. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:12105-12115. [PMID: 23106198 DOI: 10.1021/jf3028599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Coffee is one of the most popular and consumed beverages in the world and is associated with a series of benefits for human health. In this study we focus on the reactivity of chlorogenic acids, the most abundant secondary metabolites in coffee, during the coffee brewing process. We report on the hydroxylation of the chlorogenic acid cinnamoyl substituent by conjugate addition of water to form 3-hydroxydihydrocaffeic acid derivatives using a series of model compounds including monocaffeoyl and dicaffeoylquinic acids and quinic acid lactones. The regiochemistry of conjugate addition was established based on targeted tandem MS experiments. Following conjugate addition of water a reversible water elimination yielding cis-cinnamoyl derivatives accompanied by acyl migration products was observed in model systems. We also report the formation of all of these derivatives during the coffee brewing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Febi Matei
- School of Engineering and Science, Chemistry, Jacobs University Bremen, 28759 Bremen, Germany
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Jaiswal R, Jayasinghe L, Kuhnert N. Identification and characterization of proanthocyanidins of 16 members of the Rhododendron genus (Ericaceae) by tandem LC-MS. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2012; 47:502-15. [PMID: 22689627 DOI: 10.1002/jms.2954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The proanthocyanidins of the leaves of 16 taxa of the Rhododendron genus (Ericaceae) [Rhododendron 'Catawbiense Grandiflorum', Rhododendron 'Cunningham's White', Rhododendron smirnowii Trautv., Rhododendron calophytum Franch., Rhododendron dichroanthum ssp. scyphocalyx (Balf. f. & Forrest ) Cowan, Rhododendron micranthum Turcz., Rhododendron praevernum Hutch., Rhododendron ungernii Trautv., Rhododendron kaempferi Planch., Rhododendron degronianum ssp. heptamerum var. hondoense (Nakai ) H. Hara, Rhododendron fortunei Lindl., Rhododendron ponticum L., Rhododendron galactinum Balf. f. ex Tagg., Rhododendron oreotrephes W. W. Sm., Rhododendron brachycarpum ssp. brachycarpum D. Don ex G. Don, and Rhododendron insigne Hemsl. & E. H. Wilson ] were investigated qualitatively by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry in series. Twenty-nine dimeric proanthocyanidins based on (epi)catechin and (epi)gallocatechin were detected and characterized on the basis of their unique fragmentation pattern in the negative ion mode tandem mass spectrometry spectra. All of them were extracted for the first time from these sources, and ten of them were not reported previously in nature. The position of the galloyl residue was assigned on the basis of the retro-Diels-Alder fragmentation and the dehydrated retro-Diels-Alder fragmentation; it resulted from the loss of gallic acid as a neutral loss in the negative ion mode. Furthermore, four caffeoylquinic acids, six p-coumaroylquinic acids, epigallocatechin, gallocatechin, catechin, epicatechin, epigallocatechin gallate, catechin gallate, epicatechin gallate, gallocatechin gallate, two quercetin-O-hexosides, quercetin-O-galloyl-hexoside, quercetin-O-pentoside, quercetin-O-rhamnoside, quercetin-O-pentoside-O-hexoside, quercetin-O-rhamnoside-O-hexoside, quercetin-O-feruloyl-hexoside, quercetin-O-(p-hydroxy)benzoyl-hexoside, taxifolin-O-pentoside, myricetin-O-rhamnoside, two myricetin-O-pentosides, three myricetin-O-hexosides, and two myricetin-O-galloyl-hexosides were detected and shown to possess characteristic tandem mass spectrometry spectra and were tentatively assigned on the basis of their retention time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Jaiswal
- School of Engineering and Science, Chemistry, Jacobs University Bremen, Campus Ring 8, 28759, Bremen, Germany
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Jaiswal R, Matei MF, Golon A, Witt M, Kuhnert N. Understanding the fate of chlorogenic acids in coffee roasting using mass spectrometry based targeted and non-targeted analytical strategies. Food Funct 2012; 3:976-84. [DOI: 10.1039/c2fo10260a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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