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Dai W, Zhang L, Dai L, Tian Y, Ye X, Wang S, Li J, Wang Q. Comparative Analysis of Chemical Composition of Zanthoxylum myriacanthum Branches and Leaves by GC-MS and UPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS, and Evaluation of Their Antioxidant Activities. Molecules 2023; 28:5631. [PMID: 37570601 PMCID: PMC10419930 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Zanthoxylum myriacanthum Wall. ex Hook. f., a plant belonging to the Rutaceae family and the Zanthoxylum genus, is extensively utilized for its medicinal properties and as a culinary seasoning in China and Southeast Asian countries. However, the chemical composition and biological activities of Z. myriacanthum branches and leaves remain insufficiently explored. In this study, the volatile and non-volatile components of Z. myriacanthum branches and leaves were analyzed using GC-MS and UPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS techniques. A total of 78 volatile compounds and 66 non-volatile compounds were identified. The volatile compounds were predominantly terpenoids and aliphatic compounds, while the non-volatile compounds were primarily flavonoids and alkaloids. The branches contained 52 volatile compounds and 33 non-volatile compounds, whereas the leaves contained 48 volatile compounds and 40 non-volatile compounds. The antioxidant activities of the methanol extracts from Z. myriacanthum branches and leaves were evaluated using ABTS and DPPH free-radical-scavenging assays, both of which demonstrated certain antioxidant activity. The methanol extract of leaves demonstrated significantly higher antioxidant activity compared to that of the branches, possibly due to the higher presence of flavonoids and phenols in the leaves, with IC50 values of 7.12 ± 0.257 μg/mL and 1.22 × 102 ± 5.01 μg/mL for ABTS and DPPH, respectively. These findings enhance our understanding of the chemical composition and antioxidant potential of Z. myriacanthum. The plant holds promise as a natural source of antioxidants for applications in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and functional foods. Further research can explore its broader biological activities and potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Dai
- Experimental Center of Yunfu Campus, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Yunfu 527325, China
| | - Liangqian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Liping Dai
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Yunfu 527325, China
| | - Yuan Tian
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Xinger Ye
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Yunfu 527325, China
| | - Sina Wang
- Experimental Center of Yunfu Campus, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Yunfu 527325, China
| | - Jingtao Li
- Experimental Center of Yunfu Campus, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Yunfu 527325, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
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Wang W, Kannan K. Leaching of Phthalates from Medical Supplies and Their Implications for Exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:7675-7683. [PMID: 37154399 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c09182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, 72 single-use medical products, grouped into four categories, namely, creams/liquids (n = 8), medical devices (n = 46; 15 of 46 labeled "di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP)-free"), first aid products (n = 13), and intravenous (IV) infusion/irrigation fluids (n = 5), were collected from an intensive care unit in a hospital in New York State in 2015 and analyzed for the migration of 10 phthalates in ethanol/water (1:1) mixture for 1 h. The total phthalate concentration (Σphthalates) leached from medical products ranged from 0.04 to 54,600 μg. DEHP was the major phthalate found in 99% of the samples analyzed, with the highest amount leached from respiratory support devices (median: 6560 μg). DEHP was also found at notable concentrations in products labeled as "DEHP-free". Direct exposure to phthalates from the use of medical devices and first aid supplies and dermal intake from the use of creams/lotions were calculated. The highest DEHP exposure dose of 730 μg/kg bw/day was determined from the use of cannula for neonates. This is the first study to document the amount of phthalates leached from various medical supplies and associated exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, and Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Empire State Plaza, P.O. Box 509, Albany, New York 12201-0509, United States
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, and Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Empire State Plaza, P.O. Box 509, Albany, New York 12201-0509, United States
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Meng W, Sun H, Su G. Plastic packaging-associated chemicals and their hazards - An overview of reviews. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 331:138795. [PMID: 37116723 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Plastic packaging contains residues from substances used during manufacturing, such as solvents, as well as non-intentionally added substances (NIAS), such as impurities, oligomers, or degradation products. By searching peer-reviewed literature, we found that at least 10,259 chemicals were related to plastic packaging materials, which include chemicals used during manufacturing and/or present in final packaging items. We then summarized and discussed their chemical structures, analytical instruments, migration characteristics, and hazard categories where possible. For plastic packaging chemicals, examination of the literature reveals gas and liquid chromatography hyphenated to a variety of accurate mass analyzers based on the use of high-resolution mass spectrometry is usually used for the identification of unknown migrants coming from plastic packaging. Chemical migration from food packaging is affected by several parameters, including the nature and complexity of the food, contact time, temperature of the system, type of packaging contact layer, and properties of the migrants. A review of the literature reveals that information on adverse effects is only available for approximately 1600 substances. Among them, it appears that additives are more toxic than monomers to wildlife and humans. Neurotoxicity accounted for the highest proportion of toxicity of all types of chemicals, while benzenoids, organic acids, and derivatives were the most toxic types of chemicals. Furthermore, studies have demonstrated that hydrocarbon derivatives, organic nitrogen compounds, and organometallic compounds have the highest proportions of dermatotoxicity, and organohalogen compounds have the highest proportions of hepatotoxicity. The main contributors to skin sensitization are organic salts. This study provides a basis for comprehensively publicizing information on chemicals in plastics, and could be helpful to better understand their potential risks to the environment and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weikun Meng
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Hao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Guanyong Su
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China.
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Ayala-Cabrera JF, Montero L, Meckelmann SW, Uteschil F, Schmitz OJ. Review on atmospheric pressure ionization sources for gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Part II: Current applications. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1238:340379. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.340379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Terrasse J, Martin M, Dubail S, Dole P, Casabianca H. Non-targeted screening of extracts from polyester-phenolic can coatings: Identification of new aldehyde molecules from resole-based resins. Talanta 2022; 243:123351. [PMID: 35272157 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Phenolic and substituted phenol based resoles are commonly used in the formulation of can coatings. However, migration analyses of these coatings are very little described compared to other coating technologies. While epoxy and polyester have well known migrants with defined formation mechanisms, Non-Intentionally Added Substances (NIAS) specifically related to the phenolic resin are hardly studied in the literature. The goal of the publication is to further explore the influence of the phenolic resole, used in the formulation of can coatings, on extracted NIAS's nature. Six different model polyester-phenolic can coatings were formulated each with a specific phenol, cresol or tertbutylphenol-based resole. Can coating films were extracted for 24 h at 40 °C in acetonitrile before analysis. NIAS identification was done using gas chromatography separation coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy analyses. Cyclic polyester oligomers were found in all extracts, with oligomers found in a range of 10 μg/dm2 to 226 μg/dm2, without specific influence of the resole used in formulation. While very few or no peaks were detected from cresol- and phenol-based resoles, 48 peaks were specifically observed in coating extracts of formulas with tertbutylphenol-based resoles as well as in their respective resoles. The most intense peaks were identified as aldehyde compounds by HRMS and NMR analysis. These aldehydes were semi-quantified in similar proportions as polyester oligomers. The presence of such aldehydes has never been reported in the literature regarding NIAS in can coatings. Further study will then be needed to better understand the aldehyde formation mechanism and assess the toxicological profile of such chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Terrasse
- The Valspar (France) Research Corporation SAS Subsidiary of the Sherwin-Williams Company, 14 Rue Chanay, 71700, Tournus, France; Université de Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280, 5 Rue de la Doua, F-69100, Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Marie Martin
- Université de Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280, 5 Rue de la Doua, F-69100, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Sarah Dubail
- The Valspar (France) Research Corporation SAS Subsidiary of the Sherwin-Williams Company, 14 Rue Chanay, 71700, Tournus, France
| | - Patrice Dole
- CTCPA, Service Sécurité et Qualité des Emballages, Pôle Alimentec - Rue Henri de Boissieu, 01000, Bourg-en-Bresse, France
| | - Hervé Casabianca
- Université de Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280, 5 Rue de la Doua, F-69100, Villeurbanne, France
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Liu Y, Wang Z, Wang W, Xing J, Zhang Q, Ma Q, Lv Q. Non-targeted analysis of unknown volatile chemicals in medical masks. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 161:107122. [PMID: 35121498 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports the non-targeted analysis of unknown volatile chemicals in medical masks through headspace gas chromatography-Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry. In view of the difficulties that may be encountered in the qualitative analysis of unknown substances, several typical cases and the corresponding reliable solutions are given from the perspective of comprehensive score and retention index, chemical ionization identification molecular formula, fragment ion detail comparison for distinguishing isomers, and identification of alkanes. With this method, 69 volatile substances were identified in 60 masks. The identified substances were divided into nine categories. Alkanes, esters, benzenes, and alcohols were the top four groups of substances identified in masks and accounted for 34.8%, 15.9%, 10.1%, and 7.2% of the total substances, respectively. In addition, ketones, ethers, phenolics, amides, and other substances were identified. Ethanol, 1,4-dichlorobenzene, toluene, m-xylene, dimethyl glutarate, and N,N-dimethylacetamide had high detection rates. The identified substances were further filtered and screened according to their detection rate, toxicity, and response intensity. Finally, 12 high-risk volatile chemicals in medical masks were listed. This study could serve as a reference for identifying unknown substances and a guide for monitoring volatile chemicals in masks and promoting chemical safety improvements in products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Consumer Product Quality Safety Inspection and Risk Assessment for State Market Regulation, Institute of Industrial and Consumer Product Safety, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Zhijuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Consumer Product Quality Safety Inspection and Risk Assessment for State Market Regulation, Institute of Industrial and Consumer Product Safety, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Wan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Consumer Product Quality Safety Inspection and Risk Assessment for State Market Regulation, Institute of Industrial and Consumer Product Safety, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China
| | | | - Qing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Consumer Product Quality Safety Inspection and Risk Assessment for State Market Regulation, Institute of Industrial and Consumer Product Safety, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Qiang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Consumer Product Quality Safety Inspection and Risk Assessment for State Market Regulation, Institute of Industrial and Consumer Product Safety, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Qing Lv
- Key Laboratory of Consumer Product Quality Safety Inspection and Risk Assessment for State Market Regulation, Institute of Industrial and Consumer Product Safety, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China.
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Hajeb P, Zhu L, Bossi R, Vorkamp K. Sample preparation techniques for suspect and non-target screening of emerging contaminants. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 287:132306. [PMID: 34826946 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The progress in sensitivity and resolution in mass spectrometers in recent years provides the possibility to detect a broad range of organic compounds in a single procedure. For this reason, suspect and non-target screening techniques are gaining attention since they enable the detection of hundreds of known and unknown emerging contaminants in various matrices of environmental, food and human sources. Sample preparation is a critical step before analysis as it can significantly affect selectivity, sensitivity and reproducibility. The lack of generic sample preparation protocols is obvious in this fast-growing analytical field, and most studies use those of traditional targeted analysis methods. Among them, solvent extraction and solid phase extraction (SPE) are widely used to extract emerging contaminants from solid and liquid sample types, respectively. Sequential solvent extraction and a combination of different SPE sorbents can cover a broad range of chemicals in the samples. Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and adsorption chromatography, including acidification, are typically used to remove matrix components such as lipids from complex matrices, but usually at the expense of compound losses. Ideally, the purification of samples intended for non-target analysis should be selective of matrix interferences. Recent studies have suggested quality assurance/quality control measures for suspect and non-target screening, based on expansion and extrapolation of target compound lists, but method validations remain challenging in the absence of analytical standards and harmonized sample preparation approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvaneh Hajeb
- Aarhus University, Department of Environmental Science, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Linyan Zhu
- Aarhus University, Department of Environmental Science, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Rossana Bossi
- Aarhus University, Department of Environmental Science, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Katrin Vorkamp
- Aarhus University, Department of Environmental Science, Roskilde, Denmark.
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Miralles P, Yusà V, Pineda A, Coscollà C. A Fast and Automated Strategy for the Identification and Risk Assessment of Unknown Substances (IAS/NIAS) in Plastic Food Contact Materials by GC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS: Recycled LDPE as a Proof-of-Concept. TOXICS 2021; 9:toxics9110283. [PMID: 34822674 PMCID: PMC8622559 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9110283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A fast and automated approach has been developed for the tentative identification and risk assessment of unknown substances in plastic food contact materials (FCM) by GC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS. The proposed approach combines GC-HRMS full scan data acquisition coupled to Compound Discoverer™ 3.2 software for automated data processing and compound identification. To perform the tentative identification of the detected features, a restrictive set of identification criteria was used, including matching with the NIST Mass Spectral Library, exact mass of annotated fragments, and retention index calculation. After the tentative identification, a risk assessment of the identified substances was performed by using the threshold of toxicological concern (TTC) approach. This strategy has been applied to recycled low-density polyethylene (LDPE), which could be used as FCM, as a proof-of-concept demonstration. In the analyzed sample, 374 features were detected, of which 83 were tentatively identified after examination of the identification criteria. Most of these were additives, such as plasticizers, used in a wide variety of plastic applications, oligomers of LDPE, and substances with chemical, industrial, or cosmetic applications. The risk assessment was performed and, according to the TTC approach, the obtained results showed that there was no risk associated with the release of the identified substances. However, complementary studies related to the toxicity of the unidentified substances and the potential mixture toxicity (cocktail effects) should be conducted in parallel using bioassays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Miralles
- Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO-Public Health), Avinguda Catalunya 21, 46020 Valencia, Spain; (P.M.); (V.Y.)
| | - Vicent Yusà
- Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO-Public Health), Avinguda Catalunya 21, 46020 Valencia, Spain; (P.M.); (V.Y.)
- Public Health Laboratory of Valencia, Avinguda Catalunya 21, 46020 Valencia, Spain
| | - Adriana Pineda
- Cadel Deinking S.L., Calle Artesanos 4, 03690 Sant Vicent del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain;
| | - Clara Coscollà
- Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO-Public Health), Avinguda Catalunya 21, 46020 Valencia, Spain; (P.M.); (V.Y.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-961-926-333
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Coha M, Dal Bello F, Fabbri D, Calza P, Medana C. Structural elucidation of bisphenol E and bisphenol S photoinduced by-products by high-resolution electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2021; 35:e9039. [PMID: 33373065 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Bisphenol E (BPE) and bisphenol S (BPS) have recently replaced bisphenol A as monomers for producing polycarbonates. However, BPE and BPS can pose hazards as they are known to be endocrine disruptors. Despite the huge increase in their use, there is a lack of data regarding the toxicity and effects of BPE and BPS. METHODS We investigated the photoinduced transformation of BPE and BPS when subjected to sun-simulated radiation and using TiO2 as a photocatalyst. Analyses of BPE, BPS and their by-products were performed by high-performance liquid chromatography/high-resolution mass spectrometry (HPLC/HRMS) using an orbitrap mass analyzer in negative electrospray ionisation (ESI) mode. The chromatographic separations were achieved by employing a C18 reversed-phase column, and the transformation products (TPs) were elucidated structurally using HRMS and multistage MS experiments performed in collision-induced dissociation (CID) mode. RESULTS The transformation of bisphenol S involved the formation of twelve by-products, while ten TPs were detected following BPE degradation. For bisphenol S, the cleavage of the molecule is a very important transformation route, together with the hydroxylation of the substrate to provide mono- and poly-hydroxylated TPs. For bisphenol E, the two main routes were hydroxylation and ring opening. Acute toxicity for BPS, BPE and their TPs was assessed using the Vibrio fischeri assay, highlighting that their initial transformation involved the formation of TPs that were more toxic than the parent compound. CONCLUSIONS The HPLC/HRMS method developed was useful for characterising and identifying newly formed TPs from bisphenol E and bisphenol S. This study aimed to examine the structure of twenty by-products identified during TiO2 -mediated photolysis and to evaluate acute toxicity over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Coha
- Chemistry Dept., Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 5, Turin, 10125, Italy
| | - Federica Dal Bello
- Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences Dept., Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 5, Turin, 10125, Italy
| | - Debora Fabbri
- Chemistry Dept., Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 5, Turin, 10125, Italy
| | - Paola Calza
- Chemistry Dept., Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 5, Turin, 10125, Italy
| | - Claudio Medana
- Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences Dept., Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 5, Turin, 10125, Italy
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Wu F, Zhou Y, Li L, Shen X, Chen G, Wang X, Liang X, Tan M, Huang Z. Computational Approaches in Preclinical Studies on Drug Discovery and Development. Front Chem 2020; 8:726. [PMID: 33062633 PMCID: PMC7517894 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Because undesirable pharmacokinetics and toxicity are significant reasons for the failure of drug development in the costly late stage, it has been widely recognized that drug ADMET properties should be considered as early as possible to reduce failure rates in the clinical phase of drug discovery. Concurrently, drug recalls have become increasingly common in recent years, prompting pharmaceutical companies to increase attention toward the safety evaluation of preclinical drugs. In vitro and in vivo drug evaluation techniques are currently more mature in preclinical applications, but these technologies are costly. In recent years, with the rapid development of computer science, in silico technology has been widely used to evaluate the relevant properties of drugs in the preclinical stage and has produced many software programs and in silico models, further promoting the study of ADMET in vitro. In this review, we first introduce the two ADMET prediction categories (molecular modeling and data modeling). Then, we perform a systematic classification and description of the databases and software commonly used for ADMET prediction. We focus on some widely studied ADMT properties as well as PBPK simulation, and we list some applications that are related to the prediction categories and web tools. Finally, we discuss challenges and limitations in the preclinical area and propose some suggestions and prospects for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengxu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Big Data Mining and Precision Drug Design of Guangdong Medical University, Research Platform Service Management Center, Dongguan, China
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuquan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Big Data Mining and Precision Drug Design of Guangdong Medical University, Research Platform Service Management Center, Dongguan, China
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Langhui Li
- Key Laboratory of Big Data Mining and Precision Drug Design of Guangdong Medical University, Research Platform Service Management Center, Dongguan, China
- Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs of Guangdong Province, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Xianhuan Shen
- Key Laboratory of Big Data Mining and Precision Drug Design of Guangdong Medical University, Research Platform Service Management Center, Dongguan, China
- Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs of Guangdong Province, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Ganying Chen
- Key Laboratory of Big Data Mining and Precision Drug Design of Guangdong Medical University, Research Platform Service Management Center, Dongguan, China
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Xiaoqing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Big Data Mining and Precision Drug Design of Guangdong Medical University, Research Platform Service Management Center, Dongguan, China
- Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs of Guangdong Province, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Xianyang Liang
- Key Laboratory of Big Data Mining and Precision Drug Design of Guangdong Medical University, Research Platform Service Management Center, Dongguan, China
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Mengyuan Tan
- Key Laboratory of Big Data Mining and Precision Drug Design of Guangdong Medical University, Research Platform Service Management Center, Dongguan, China
- Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs of Guangdong Province, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Zunnan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Big Data Mining and Precision Drug Design of Guangdong Medical University, Research Platform Service Management Center, Dongguan, China
- Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs of Guangdong Province, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
- Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang, China
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11
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Phthalates and infertility: an issue in hernia meshes? Eur Surg 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10353-020-00636-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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12
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Su QZ, Vera P, Nerín C. Direct Immersion–Solid-Phase Microextraction Coupled to Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry and Response Surface Methodology for Nontarget Screening of (Semi-) Volatile Migrants from Food Contact Materials. Anal Chem 2020; 92:5577-5584. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c00532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Zhi Su
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, GUIA Group, I3A, EINA, University of Zaragoza, María de Luna 3, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Paula Vera
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, GUIA Group, I3A, EINA, University of Zaragoza, María de Luna 3, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Cristina Nerín
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, GUIA Group, I3A, EINA, University of Zaragoza, María de Luna 3, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain
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den Braver-Sewradj SP, van Spronsen R, Hessel EVS. Substitution of bisphenol A: a review of the carcinogenicity, reproductive toxicity, and endocrine disruption potential of alternative substances. Crit Rev Toxicol 2020; 50:128-147. [DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2019.1701986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rob van Spronsen
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen V. S. Hessel
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
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Blanco-Zubiaguirre L, Zabaleta I, Usobiaga A, Prieto A, Olivares M, Zuloaga O, Elizalde M. Target and suspect screening of substances liable to migrate from food contact paper and cardboard materials using liquid chromatography-high resolution tandem mass spectrometry. Talanta 2020; 208:120394. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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15
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Toward the characterisation of non-intentionally added substances migrating from polyester-polyurethane lacquers by comprehensive gas chromatography-mass spectrometry technologies. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1601:327-334. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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16
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Nuñez JR, Colby SM, Thomas DG, Tfaily MM, Tolic N, Ulrich EM, Sobus JR, Metz TO, Teeguarden JG, Renslow RS. Evaluation of In Silico Multifeature Libraries for Providing Evidence for the Presence of Small Molecules in Synthetic Blinded Samples. J Chem Inf Model 2019; 59:4052-4060. [PMID: 31430141 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.9b00444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The current gold standard for unambiguous molecular identification in metabolomics analysis is comparing two or more orthogonal properties from the analysis of authentic reference materials (standards) to experimental data acquired in the same laboratory with the same analytical methods. This represents a significant limitation for comprehensive chemical identification of small molecules in complex samples. The process is time consuming and costly, and the majority of molecules are not yet represented by standards. Thus, there is a need to assemble evidence for the presence of small molecules in complex samples through the use of libraries containing calculated chemical properties. To address this need, we developed a Multi-Attribute Matching Engine (MAME) and a library derived in part from our in silico chemical library engine (ISiCLE). Here, we describe an initial evaluation of these methods in a blinded analysis of synthetic chemical mixtures as part of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Non-Targeted Analysis Collaborative Trial (ENTACT, Phase 1). For molecules in all mixtures, the initial blinded false negative rate (FNR), false discovery rate (FDR), and accuracy were 57%, 77%, and 91%, respectively. For high evidence scores, the FDR was 35%. After unblinding of the sample compositions, we optimized the scoring parameters to better exploit the available evidence and increased the accuracy for molecules suspected as present. The final FNR, FDR, and accuracy were 67%, 53%, and 96%, respectively. For high evidence scores, the FDR was 10%. This study demonstrates that multiattribute matching methods in conjunction with in silico libraries may one day enable reduced reliance on experimentally derived libraries for building evidence for the presence of molecules in complex samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie R Nuñez
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate , Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland , Washington 99354 , United States
| | - Sean M Colby
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate , Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland , Washington 99354 , United States
| | - Dennis G Thomas
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate , Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland , Washington 99354 , United States
| | - Malak M Tfaily
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate , Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland , Washington 99354 , United States.,Department of Environmental Science , University of Arizona , Tucson 85712 , United States
| | - Nikola Tolic
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate , Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland , Washington 99354 , United States
| | - Elin M Ulrich
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development , National Exposure Research Laboratory , Research Triangle Park , North Carolina 27711 , United States
| | - Jon R Sobus
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development , National Exposure Research Laboratory , Research Triangle Park , North Carolina 27711 , United States
| | - Thomas O Metz
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate , Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland , Washington 99354 , United States
| | - Justin G Teeguarden
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate , Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland , Washington 99354 , United States.,Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology , Oregon State University , Corvallis , Oregon 97331 , United States
| | - Ryan S Renslow
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate , Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland , Washington 99354 , United States
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17
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Bauer A, Jesús F, Gómez Ramos MJ, Lozano A, Fernández-Alba AR. Identification of unexpected chemical contaminants in baby food coming from plastic packaging migration by high resolution accurate mass spectrometry. Food Chem 2019; 295:274-288. [PMID: 31174760 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.05.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Plastic multilayers are widely used for baby food packaging. However, it is important to consider that migration of food contact materials (FCM) into the baby food can occur. The comprehensive identification of potential migrants, including intentionally added substances (IAS) and non-intentionally added substances (NIAS), is required to assess the safety of these packaging materials. In this study, high resolution accurate mass spectrometry (HRAMS) with a data-independent acquisition method of sequential mass windows enables the detection of substances with corresponding deconvoluted fragment mass spectra. The identification of unexpected migrants present in the food simulants and in real baby food was facilitated by filtering strategies and by an in-house library. This approach has allowed the identification of 42 migrants, including eight NIAS detected for the first time. Two oligomers were quantified by means of reference standard materials at concentration levels above 0.010 mg/kg, exceeding the maximum residue levels for baby food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Bauer
- Chemistry and Physics Department, University of Almeria, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), 04120 Almería, Spain.
| | - Florencia Jesús
- Grupo de Análisis de Compuestos Traza, Polo de Desarrollo Universitario "Abordaje holístico", CENUR Litoral Norte Sede Paysandú, Universidad de la República, Ruta 3 km 363, 60000 Paysandú, Uruguay.
| | - María José Gómez Ramos
- Chemistry and Physics Department, University of Almeria, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), 04120 Almería, Spain.
| | - Ana Lozano
- Chemistry and Physics Department, University of Almeria, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), 04120 Almería, Spain.
| | - Amadeo Rodríguez Fernández-Alba
- Chemistry and Physics Department, University of Almeria, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), 04120 Almería, Spain.
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18
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da Silva Oliveira W, Ubeda S, Nerín C, Padula M, Teixeira Godoy H. Identification of non-volatile migrants from baby bottles by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS. Food Res Int 2019; 123:529-537. [PMID: 31285002 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Baby bottles made of polypropylene, Tritan® and silicone were evaluated regarding the migration of non-volatile compounds using UPLC-QTOF-MS. Twenty-seven compounds were identified. In all polypropylene samples the migration of 2.2'-(tridecylimino)bis-ethanol and derivatives thereof were detected in concentrations below the specific migration limit (1.2 mg.kg-1). Furthermore, clarifying agents and glycerol derivatives were detected. Tritan baby bottle showed the migration of one slip additive. On the other hand, twenty compounds were detected in silicone baby bottles. Most of them were unknown compounds derived from acrylates. Once the migrants were identified, the risk assessment was carried out using the Threshold of Toxicological Concern (TTC) approach. The risk assessment of migrants coming from silicone samples showed levels above the threshold recommended as safe for babies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sara Ubeda
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, GUIA Group, Aragon Institute of Engineering Research I3A, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Cristina Nerín
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, GUIA Group, Aragon Institute of Engineering Research I3A, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Marisa Padula
- Packaging Technology Center, Institute of Food Technology (ITAL), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Helena Teixeira Godoy
- Department of Food Science, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
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19
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Su QZ, Vera P, Van de Wiele C, Nerín C, Lin QB, Zhong HN. Non-target screening of (semi-)volatiles in food-grade polymers by comparison of atmospheric pressure gas chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight and electron ionization mass spectrometry. Talanta 2019; 202:285-296. [PMID: 31171184 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric pressure gas chromatography (APGC) coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight (QTOF) and electron ionization mass spectrometry together with commercial library search are two complementary techniques for non-target screening of volatile and semi-volatile compounds. Optimization was first conducted to achieve easier search of correspondent peaks between the two systems. Analytical strategy for the determination of volatile and semi-volatile compound with different identification confidence levels was then proposed and applied to food contact grade polypropylene (PP) samples. Identification was found to be much easier and less time-consuming especially when correspondent peak was found in the two systems with the help of library search, exact mass of precursor and fragment ions as well as Kovats Index (KI). The behavior of APGC-QTOF-MS was also further investigated. Apart from the M+. ion and the well-known adduct [M+H]+ others such as [M-3H + O]+, [M-3H+2O]+ and [M-H+3O]+ were also observed for n-alkanes. Besides, new reaction products were found, formed by diol compounds (1-Monostearoylglycerol, 2-Monostearoylglycerol and NX 8000K) and silanediol dimethyl, which would be a transformation product of the silicone base septum or the methyl 5% phenyl polysiloxane based column. These new compounds were only detected in APGC-MS-QTOF as EI-GC-MS was not enough sensitive for this purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Zhi Su
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, GUIA Group, I3A, EINA, University of Zaragoza, María de Luna 3, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Paula Vera
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, GUIA Group, I3A, EINA, University of Zaragoza, María de Luna 3, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Cathy Van de Wiele
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, GUIA Group, I3A, EINA, University of Zaragoza, María de Luna 3, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain; Antwerp University, Campus Drie Eiken, Building S, Office 7.25, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Cristina Nerín
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, GUIA Group, I3A, EINA, University of Zaragoza, María de Luna 3, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Qin-Bao Lin
- Key Laboratory of Product Packaging and Logistics, Packaging Engineering Institute, Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519070, China
| | - Huai-Ning Zhong
- Inspection and Quarantine Technology Center, Guangdong Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510623, China
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20
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Martínez-Bueno M, Gómez Ramos M, Bauer A, Fernández-Alba A. An overview of non-targeted screening strategies based on high resolution accurate mass spectrometry for the identification of migrants coming from plastic food packaging materials. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2018.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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21
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Vera P, Canellas E, Nerín C. Identification of non volatile migrant compounds and NIAS in polypropylene films used as food packaging characterized by UPLC-MS/QTOF. Talanta 2018; 188:750-762. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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22
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De Vijlder T, Valkenborg D, Lemière F, Romijn EP, Laukens K, Cuyckens F. A tutorial in small molecule identification via electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry: The practical art of structural elucidation. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2018; 37:607-629. [PMID: 29120505 PMCID: PMC6099382 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The identification of unknown molecules has been one of the cornerstone applications of mass spectrometry for decades. This tutorial reviews the basics of the interpretation of electrospray ionization-based MS and MS/MS spectra in order to identify small-molecule analytes (typically below 2000 Da). Most of what is discussed in this tutorial also applies to other atmospheric pressure ionization methods like atmospheric pressure chemical/photoionization. We focus primarily on the fundamental steps of MS-based structural elucidation of individual unknown compounds, rather than describing strategies for large-scale identification in complex samples. We critically discuss topics like the detection of protonated and deprotonated ions ([M + H]+ and [M - H]- ) as well as other adduct ions, the determination of the molecular formula, and provide some basic rules on the interpretation of product ion spectra. Our tutorial focuses primarily on the fundamental steps of MS-based structural elucidation of individual unknown compounds (eg, contaminants in chemical production, pharmacological alteration of drugs), rather than describing strategies for large-scale identification in complex samples. This tutorial also discusses strategies to obtain useful orthogonal information (UV/Vis, H/D exchange, chemical derivatization, etc) and offers an overview of the different informatics tools and approaches that can be used for structural elucidation of small molecules. It is primarily intended for beginning mass spectrometrists and researchers from other mass spectrometry sub-disciplines that want to get acquainted with structural elucidation are interested in some practical tips and tricks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas De Vijlder
- Pharmaceutical Development & Manufacturing Sciences (PDMS)Janssen Research & DevelopmentBeerseBelgium
| | - Dirk Valkenborg
- Interuniversity Institute for Biostatistics and Statistical BioinformaticsHasselt UniversityDiepenbeekBelgium
- Center for Proteomics (CFP)University of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO)MolBelgium
| | - Filip Lemière
- Center for Proteomics (CFP)University of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium
- Department of Chemistry, Biomolecular and Analytical Mass SpectrometryUniversity of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium
| | - Edwin P. Romijn
- Pharmaceutical Development & Manufacturing Sciences (PDMS)Janssen Research & DevelopmentBeerseBelgium
| | - Kris Laukens
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Advanced Database Research and Modelling (ADReM)University of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium
- Biomedical Informatics Network Antwerp (Biomina)University of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium
| | - Filip Cuyckens
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics & MetabolismJanssen Research & DevelopmentBeerseBelgium
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23
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Špánik I, Machyňáková A. Recent applications of gas chromatography with high-resolution mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2017; 41:163-179. [PMID: 29111584 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201701016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Gas chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry is a powerful analytical method that combines excellent separation power of gas chromatography with improved identification based on an accurate mass measurement. These features designate gas chromatography with high-resolution mass spectrometry as the first choice for identification and structure elucidation of unknown volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds. Gas chromatography with high-resolution mass spectrometry quantitative analyses was previously focused on the determination of dioxins and related compounds using magnetic sector type analyzers, a standing requirement of many international standards. The introduction of a quadrupole high-resolution time-of-flight mass analyzer broadened interest in this method and novel applications were developed, especially for multi-target screening purposes. This review is focused on the development and the most interesting applications of gas chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry towards analysis of environmental matrices, biological fluids, and food safety since 2010. The main attention is paid to various approaches and applications of gas chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry for non-target screening to identify contaminants and to characterize the chemical composition of environmental, food, and biological samples. The most interesting quantitative applications, where a significant contribution of gas chromatography with high-resolution mass spectrometry over the currently used methods is expected, will be discussed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Špánik
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Andrea Machyňáková
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Bratislava, Slovakia
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24
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Andra SS, Austin C, Patel D, Dolios G, Awawda M, Arora M. Trends in the application of high-resolution mass spectrometry for human biomonitoring: An analytical primer to studying the environmental chemical space of the human exposome. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2017; 100:32-61. [PMID: 28062070 PMCID: PMC5322482 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2016.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Global profiling of xenobiotics in human matrices in an untargeted mode is gaining attention for studying the environmental chemical space of the human exposome. Defined as the study of a comprehensive inclusion of environmental influences and associated biological responses, human exposome science is currently evolving out of the metabolomics science. In analogy to the latter, the development and applications of high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) has shown potential and promise to greatly expand our ability to capture the broad spectrum of environmental chemicals in exposome studies. HRMS can perform both untargeted and targeted analysis because of its capability of full- and/or tandem-mass spectrum acquisition at high mass accuracy with good sensitivity. The collected data from target, suspect and non-target screening can be used not only for the identification of environmental chemical contaminants in human matrices prospectively but also retrospectively. This review covers recent trends and advances in this field. We focus on advances and applications of HRMS in human biomonitoring studies, and data acquisition and mining. The acquired insights provide stepping stones to improve understanding of the human exposome by applying HRMS, and the challenges and prospects for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syam S Andra
- Exposure Biology, Senator Frank R. Lautenberg Environmental Health Sciences Laboratory, Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | - Christine Austin
- Exposure Biology, Senator Frank R. Lautenberg Environmental Health Sciences Laboratory, Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Dhavalkumar Patel
- Exposure Biology, Senator Frank R. Lautenberg Environmental Health Sciences Laboratory, Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Georgia Dolios
- Exposure Biology, Senator Frank R. Lautenberg Environmental Health Sciences Laboratory, Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Mahmoud Awawda
- Exposure Biology, Senator Frank R. Lautenberg Environmental Health Sciences Laboratory, Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Manish Arora
- Exposure Biology, Senator Frank R. Lautenberg Environmental Health Sciences Laboratory, Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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25
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da Silva Oliveira W, de Souza TCL, Padula M, Godoy HT. Development of an Extraction Method Using Mixture Design for the Evaluation of Migration of Non-target Compounds and Dibutyl Phthalate from Baby Bottles. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-017-0808-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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26
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Screening of endocrine activity of compounds migrating from plastic baby bottles using a multi-receptor panel of in vitro bioassays. Toxicol In Vitro 2016; 37:121-133. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2016.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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27
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Mertens B, Van Hoeck E, Blaude MN, Simon C, Onghena M, Vandermarken T, Van Langenhove K, Demaegdt H, Vandermeiren K, Covaci A, Scippo ML, Elskens M, Van Loco J. Evaluation of the potential health risks of substances migrating from polycarbonate replacement baby bottles. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 97:108-119. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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28
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Russo MV, Avino P, Notardonato I. Fast analysis of phthalates in freeze-dried baby foods by ultrasound-vortex-assisted liquid-liquid microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-ion trap/mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1474:1-7. [PMID: 28314431 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.10.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This paper is focused on the determination of phthalates (PAEs), compounds "plausibly" endocrine disruptors, in baby food products by means of a method based on ultrasound-vortex-assisted liquid-liquid microextraction coupled with GC-IT/MS (UVALLME-GC-IT/MS). Particularly, the whole procedure allows the determination of six phthalates such as DMP, DEP, DBP, iBcEP, BBP and DEHP. After dissolution of 0.1g product sample and addition of anthracene as Internal Standard, 250μL of n-heptane are used as extraction solvent. The solution, held for 5min on the vortex mixer and for 6min in an ultrasonic bath at 100W for favoring the solvent dispersion and consequently the analyte extraction, is centrifuged at 4000rpm for 30min. About 100μL of heptane are recovered and 1μL is injected into the GC-IT/MS. All the analytical parameters investigated are deeply discussed: under the best conditions, the percentage recoveries range between 96.2 and 109.2% with an RSD ≤10.5% whereas the Limit of Detections (LODs) and the Limit of Quantifications (LOQs) are below 11 and 20ngg-1, respectively, for all the PAEs except for iBcEP (23 and 43ngg-1, respectively). The linear dynamic range of this procedure is between 10 and 5000ngg-1 with R2 ≥0.92. The method has been applied to real commercial freeze-dried samples (chicken and turkey meats) available on the Italian pharmaceutical market: three PAEs were preliminary identified, i.e. DEP (14ngg-1), DBP (11ngg-1) and DEHP (64ngg-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Vincenzo Russo
- Department of Agriculture, Environment and Food, University of Molise, via De Sanctis, I-86100 Campobasso, Italy.
| | - Pasquale Avino
- DIT, INAIL Research Area, via Roberto Ferruzzi 38/40, I-00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Ivan Notardonato
- Department of Agriculture, Environment and Food, University of Molise, via De Sanctis, I-86100 Campobasso, Italy
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29
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A two stage algorithm for target and suspect analysis of produced water via gas chromatography coupled with high resolution time of flight mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1463:153-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.07.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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30
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Aznar M, Alfaro P, Nerín C, Jones E, Riches E. Progress in mass spectrometry for the analysis of set-off phenomena in plastic food packaging materials. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1453:124-33. [PMID: 27215462 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In most cases, food packaging materials contain inks whose components can migrate to food by diffusion through the material as well as by set-off phenomena. In this work, different mass spectrometry approaches had been used in order to identify and confirm the presence of ink components in ethanol (95%) and Tenax(®) as food simulants. Three different sets of materials, manufactured with different printing technologies and with different structures, were analyzed. Sample analysis by ultra performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS), using a quadrupole-time of flight (Q-TOF) as a mass analyser proved to be an excellent tool for identification purposes while ion mobility mass spectrometry (IM-MS) shown to be very useful for the confirmation of the candidates proposed. The results showed the presence of different non-volatile ink components in migration such as colorants (Solvent Red 49), plasticizers (dimethyl sebacate, tributyl o-acetyl citrate) or surfactants (SchercodineM, triethylene glycol caprilate). An oxidation product of an ink additive (triphenyl phosphine oxide) was also detected. In addition, a surface analysis technique, desorption electrospray mass spectrometry (DESI-MS), was used for analyzing the distribution of some ink components (tributyl o-acetyl citrate Schercodine L, phthalates) in the material. The detection of some of these compounds in the back-printed side confirmed the transference of this compound from the non-food to the food contact side. The results also showed that concentration of ink migrants decreased when an aluminum or polypropylene layer covered the ink. When aluminum was used, concentration of most of ink migrants decreased, and for 5 out of the 9 even disappeared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Aznar
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto de Investigación en Ingeniería de Aragón (I3A), Grupo GUIA, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Pilar Alfaro
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto de Investigación en Ingeniería de Aragón (I3A), Grupo GUIA, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Cristina Nerín
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto de Investigación en Ingeniería de Aragón (I3A), Grupo GUIA, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Emrys Jones
- Waters Corporation, Stamford Avenue, Altrincham Road, Wilmslow, SK9 4AX, UK
| | - Eleanor Riches
- Waters Corporation, Stamford Avenue, Altrincham Road, Wilmslow, SK9 4AX, UK
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31
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Onghena M, Van Hoeck E, Negreira N, Quirynen L, Van Loco J, Covaci A. Evaluation of the migration of chemicals from baby bottles under standardised and duration testing conditions. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2016; 33:893-904. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2016.1171914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Onghena
- Toxicological Centre, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk-Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Els Van Hoeck
- Department of Food, Medicines and Consumer Safety, Scientific Institute of Public Health (WIV-ISP), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Noelia Negreira
- Toxicological Centre, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk-Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Laurent Quirynen
- Toxicological Centre, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk-Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Joris Van Loco
- Department of Food, Medicines and Consumer Safety, Scientific Institute of Public Health (WIV-ISP), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Adrian Covaci
- Toxicological Centre, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk-Antwerp, Belgium
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Quantitative Determination of Migrating compounds from Plastic Baby Bottles by Validated GC-QqQ-MS and LC-QqQ-MS Methods. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-016-0451-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Mertens B, Simon C, Van Bossuyt M, Onghena M, Vandermarken T, Van Langenhove K, Demaegdt H, Van Hoeck E, Van Loco J, Vandermeiren K, Covaci A, Scippo ML, Elskens M, Verschaeve L. Investigation of the genotoxicity of substances migrating from polycarbonate replacement baby bottles to identify chemicals of high concern. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 89:126-37. [PMID: 26802677 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Due to the worldwide concern that bisphenol A might act as an endocrine disruptor, alternative materials for polycarbonate (PC) have been introduced on the European market. However, PC-replacement products might also release substances of which the toxicological profile--including their genotoxic effects--has not yet been characterized. Because a thorough characterization of the genotoxic profile of all these substances is impossible in the short term, a strategy was developed in order to prioritize those substances for which additional data are urgently needed. The strategy consisted of a decision tree using hazard information related to genotoxicity. The relevant information was obtained from the database of the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA), in silico prediction tools (ToxTree and Derek Nexus(TM)) and the in vitro Vitotox(®) test for detecting DNA damage. By applying the decision tree, substances could be classified into different groups, each characterized by a different probability to induce genotoxic effects. Although none of the investigated substances could be unequivocally identified as genotoxic, the presence of genotoxic effects could neither be excluded for any of them. Consequently, all substances require more data to investigate the genotoxic potential. However, the type and the urge for these data differs among the substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Mertens
- Department of Food, Medicines and Consumer Safety, Scientific Institute of Public Health (Site Elsene), J. Wytsmanstraat 14, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Coraline Simon
- Department of Food Science, University of Liège, FARAH-Veterinary Public Health, Quartier Vallée 2, Avenue de Cureghem 10, Sart Tilman B43bis, Liège, Belgium
| | - Melissa Van Bossuyt
- Department of Food, Medicines and Consumer Safety, Scientific Institute of Public Health (Site Elsene), J. Wytsmanstraat 14, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Matthias Onghena
- Toxicological Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitplein 1, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Tara Vandermarken
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Geo-Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kersten Van Langenhove
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Geo-Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Heidi Demaegdt
- CODA-CERVA, Department of Chemical Safety of the Food Chain, Leuvensesteenweg 17, Tervuren, Belgium
| | - Els Van Hoeck
- Department of Food, Medicines and Consumer Safety, Scientific Institute of Public Health (Site Elsene), J. Wytsmanstraat 14, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Joris Van Loco
- Department of Food, Medicines and Consumer Safety, Scientific Institute of Public Health (Site Elsene), J. Wytsmanstraat 14, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Karin Vandermeiren
- CODA-CERVA, Department of Chemical Safety of the Food Chain, Leuvensesteenweg 17, Tervuren, Belgium
| | - Adrian Covaci
- Toxicological Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitplein 1, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Marie-Louise Scippo
- Department of Food Science, University of Liège, FARAH-Veterinary Public Health, Quartier Vallée 2, Avenue de Cureghem 10, Sart Tilman B43bis, Liège, Belgium
| | - Marc Elskens
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Geo-Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Luc Verschaeve
- Department of Food, Medicines and Consumer Safety, Scientific Institute of Public Health (Site Elsene), J. Wytsmanstraat 14, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk, Belgium
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