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Manogaran S, Kilavan Packiam K, Senthil Kumar P, Rangasamy G, Saravanan A. Utilization of industrial waste - Liquid cheese whey for the batch fermentation of lovastatin using Fusarium nectrioides (MH173849) an endophytic fungus: Screening, production and characterization. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 318:137947. [PMID: 36706809 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.137947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In this current research, a novel way of utilizing the plant weed and dairy industrial waste for the cost-effective production of Lovastatin by the novel fungus Fusarium nectrioides (MH173849) under controlled conditions was reported for the first time with scientific evidence. A total of 25 endophytic fungi were isolated from the 90 tissue fragments of Euphorbia hirta (L) and identified based on morphological and microscopical characteristics. All the fungal isolates were screened for Lovastatin production using Neurospora crassa bioassay. Among the 25 fungal isolates, Fusarium sp2, Nigrospora sphaerica, and Fusarium sp 4 showed maximum zone of inhibition and they were further verified by Thin Layer Chromatography. Since the Rf values of Fusarium sp 4 and standard Lovastatin were the same, further characterization was preceded only with Fusarium sp 4. An evolutionary relationship of two positive isolates, Fusarium sp 2 and Fusarium sp 4 was studied with other Lovastatin-producing fungi. Gene sequencing and BLAST revealed that a novel fungus, Fusarium sp 4 was found to be Fusarium nectrioides (MH173849) and it was further used for batch fermentation of Lovastatin in the modified media using liquid cheese whey under controlled conditions, which enhanced the productivity up to 43.40 μg/mL with the minimum purification steps. LC-MS-MS and NMR studies confirmed the production of Lovastatin by F. nectrioides (MH173849) due to the presence of Pyran molecule hydrogen, Hydrogen fusing two molecules as intermediate with triplet signal groups, methylbutanoic acid, and hexahydro naphthalene. Therefore, this fungus may be utilized by industries for the cost-effective production of Lovastatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senthamarai Manogaran
- Fungal Diversity and Bioreources Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Sathyamangalam, Erode District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kannan Kilavan Packiam
- Fungal Diversity and Bioreources Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Sathyamangalam, Erode District, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - P Senthil Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam, 603110, Tamil Nadu, India; Centre of Excellence in Water Research (CEWAR), Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam, 603110, Tamil Nadu, India; School of Engineering, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Gayathri Rangasamy
- School of Engineering, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon; University Centre for Research and Development & Department of Civil Engineering, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab, 140413, India.
| | - A Saravanan
- Department of Sustainable Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai, 602105, India
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Paper Spray Tandem Mass Spectrometry for Assessing Oleic, Linoleic and Linolenic Acid Content in Edible Vegetable Oils. SEPARATIONS 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/separations10010026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids exert several beneficial effects on human health, some of which are also certified by recent European and U.S. regulations. The goal of the presented work was to develop an innovative methodology to evaluate their content in edible vegetable oils, in order to increase the value of oils from a nutraceutical perspective. The protocol is based on the use of paper spray ionization coupled with tandem mass spectrometry experiments, which allowed the recording of data very quickly and with high specificity. All investigated compounds gained a good linear relation (r2 higher than 0.98). Accuracy values are near 100% for all concentration levels examined, and the repeatability and reproducibility data result lower than 15%, highlighting the consistence of the methodology. The developed approach was successfully applied for the analysis of different real samples, and its robustness was confirmed by comparing the results obtained with those coming from the classical and official methodology.
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Mazzotti F, Bartella L, Talarico IR, Napoli A, Di Donna L. High-throughput determination of flavanone-O-glycosides in citrus beverages by paper spray tandem mass spectrometry. Food Chem 2021; 360:130060. [PMID: 34022518 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A fast and accurate methodology for the quantification of the most abundant flavanone glycosides in citrus beverages has been developed. The approach relies on the use of paper spray mass spectrometry, which allows to record data in few minutes and without sample pre-treatment. The experiments have been carried out in Multiple Reaction Monitoring scan mode, in order to obtain the best specificity and sensitivity. The analytical parameters were all satisfactory. The results coming from the analysis of real samples were compared to the data obtained by the commonly used chromatographic method, proving the robustness of the proposed approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Mazzotti
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università della Calabria, Via P. Bucci Cubo 12/D, I-87036 Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy; QUASIORA Laboratory, AGRINFRA Research Net, Università della Calabria, Via P. Bucci Cubo 12/D, I-87036 Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Lucia Bartella
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università della Calabria, Via P. Bucci Cubo 12/D, I-87036 Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy; QUASIORA Laboratory, AGRINFRA Research Net, Università della Calabria, Via P. Bucci Cubo 12/D, I-87036 Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy.
| | - Ines Rosita Talarico
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università della Calabria, Via P. Bucci Cubo 12/D, I-87036 Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy; QUASIORA Laboratory, AGRINFRA Research Net, Università della Calabria, Via P. Bucci Cubo 12/D, I-87036 Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Anna Napoli
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università della Calabria, Via P. Bucci Cubo 12/D, I-87036 Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Leonardo Di Donna
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università della Calabria, Via P. Bucci Cubo 12/D, I-87036 Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy; QUASIORA Laboratory, AGRINFRA Research Net, Università della Calabria, Via P. Bucci Cubo 12/D, I-87036 Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy
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Kim NS, Lim NY, Choi HS, Lee JH, Moon SH, Kim H, Baek SY. Simultaneous screening of dietary supplements for 25 anti-hyperlipidemic substances using ultra-performance liquid chromatography and liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2021; 35:e8989. [PMID: 33105026 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Recently, illegal dietary supplements containing unauthorized compounds have been seized and internationally publicized with a warning to avoid their consumption. This adulteration can be a serious threat to public health because of insufficient and reliable safety data as well as their undesirable side effects. It is, therefore, essential to rapidly and accurately develop and simultaneously validate analytical methods for these unauthorized anti-hyperlipidemic substances. METHODS Dietary supplements were screened simultaneously for 25 anti-hyperlipidemic drugs using an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) system with a photodiode array (PDA) detector and LC/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-MS/MS). The method validation, according to ICH guidelines, considered specificity, linearity, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), precision, accuracy, matrix effects, and stability for solid and liquid blank samples. The established UPLC-PDA and LC/ESI-MS/MS methods were applied to screen 103 dietary supplements for 25 anti-hyperlipidemic substances. RESULTS Using the validated methods, the screened samples were found to contain peaks with similar retention times and PDA spectra. By comparing the calculated precursor-product ion ratios with those of standards, lovastatin and lovastatin acid were detected at concentrations from LOQ to 4.12 mg/g and LOQ to 9.65 mg/g, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The developed UPLC-PDA and LC/ESI-MS/MS analytical methods were applied to 103 real samples, of which 13 samples were found to contain lovastatin and lovastatin acid. In view of the increasing demand for dietary supplements in the treatment of hyperlipidemic diseases, widespread use of these methods will contribute to consumer health by ensuring the safety of dietary supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nam Sook Kim
- Center for Advanced Analysis, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, 187 Osongsaengmyeong2-ro, Osongeup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 363-700, Republic of Korea
| | - Na Young Lim
- Center for Advanced Analysis, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, 187 Osongsaengmyeong2-ro, Osongeup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 363-700, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwan Seong Choi
- Center for Advanced Analysis, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, 187 Osongsaengmyeong2-ro, Osongeup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 363-700, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Lee
- Center for Advanced Analysis, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, 187 Osongsaengmyeong2-ro, Osongeup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 363-700, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Hee Moon
- Center for Advanced Analysis, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, 187 Osongsaengmyeong2-ro, Osongeup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 363-700, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungil Kim
- Center for Advanced Analysis, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, 187 Osongsaengmyeong2-ro, Osongeup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 363-700, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Young Baek
- Center for Advanced Analysis, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, 187 Osongsaengmyeong2-ro, Osongeup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 363-700, Republic of Korea
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Bartella L, Di Donna L, Napoli A, Sindona G, Mazzotti F. Paper spray tandem mass spectrometry: A rapid approach for the assay of parabens in cosmetics and drugs. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2020; 55:e4526. [PMID: 32567096 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A fast methodology for the assay of parabens in drug and cosmetic preparations has been presented. The procedure developed is based on paper spray tandem mass spectrometry and isotope dilution approach. For each investigated paraben, the corresponding labeled standard has been used in order to improve the accuracy and reproducibility of the analyses. The MS experiments have been performed under MRM conditions, monitoring the transitions [M-H]- → m/z 92 and [M-H]- → m/z 98, respectively, for each analyte and the corresponding labeled internal standard. The quantitative assay has been performed using a calibration curve built from 2 to 15 mg/L. The method accuracy, in all case near 100%, was evaluated using fortified samples at two concentration levels, which are representative of the lower and the higher portion of calibration curve. The good values of LOQ, LOD, and reproducibility confirm the consistency of the developed approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Bartella
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università della Calabria, Via P. Bucci Cubo 12/C, Arcavacata di Rende, I87036, Italy
| | - Leonardo Di Donna
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università della Calabria, Via P. Bucci Cubo 12/C, Arcavacata di Rende, I87036, Italy
| | - Anna Napoli
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università della Calabria, Via P. Bucci Cubo 12/C, Arcavacata di Rende, I87036, Italy
| | - Giovanni Sindona
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università della Calabria, Via P. Bucci Cubo 12/C, Arcavacata di Rende, I87036, Italy
| | - Fabio Mazzotti
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università della Calabria, Via P. Bucci Cubo 12/C, Arcavacata di Rende, I87036, Italy
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Drug Induced Liver Injury (DILI) due to variability in monacolin K content in Red Yeast Rice (RYR): An expert opinion. Eur J Integr Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2020.101164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Song J, Luo J, Ma Z, Sun Q, Wu C, Li X. Quality and Authenticity Control of Functional Red Yeast Rice-A Review. Molecules 2019; 24:E1944. [PMID: 31137594 PMCID: PMC6572552 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24101944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Red yeast rice (RYR) is made by fermenting the rice with Monascus. It is commonly used in food colorants, dyeing, and wine making in China and its neighboring countries. Nowadays RYR has two forms on the market: common RYR is used for food products, the other form is functional RYR for medicine. However, some researchers reported that commercial lovastatin (structure is consistent with monacolin K) is illegally added to common RYR to meet drug quality standards, so as to imitate functional RYR and sell the imitation at a higher price. Based on current detection methods, it is impossible to accurately distinguish whether functional RYR is adulterated. Therefore, it is especially important to find a way to authenticate functional RYR. In the current review, the advances in history, applications, components (especially monacolins, monacolins detection methods), quality standards, authentication methods and perspectives for the future study of RYR are systematically reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Song
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Jia Luo
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Zubing Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Qiang Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Chunjie Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Xiaofang Li
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
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A rapid method for the assay of methylxanthines alkaloids: Theobromine, theophylline and caffeine, in cocoa products and drugs by paper spray tandem mass spectrometry. Food Chem 2019; 278:261-266. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.11.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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High-throughput determination of vitamin E in extra virgin olive oil by paper spray tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:2885-2890. [PMID: 30899998 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-01727-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Extra virgin olive oil provides an important intake of α-tocopherol, which is part of vitamin E complex. A fast analytical method for its quantification, based on paper spray mass spectrometry, has been developed. The methodology possesses the ability to record mass spectra without sample preparation or preseparation steps. The experiments were performed in Multiple Reaction Monitoring scan mode; in particular, the transitions m/z 429 → m/z 163 for α-tocopherol and m/z 435 → m/z 169 for the labeled internal standard were monitored, in order to obtain the greatest specificity and the best sensitivity. The accuracy of the method was tested analyzing spiked samples prepared at concentrations within the dynamic range of the calibration curve, which returned values near 100%. Furthermore, good values of LOQ and LOD were obtained, demonstrating that this approach can be applied for a rapid screening of tocopherols in different vegetable oils. The results were compared with analyses performed by traditional chromatographic methods. Graphical abstract.
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