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Pierangeli A, Piralla A, Uceda Renteria S, Giacomel G, Lunghi G, Pagani E, Giacobazzi E, Vian E, Biscaro V, Piccirilli G, Lazzarotto T, Menzo S, Ferreri ML, Novazzi F, Petrarca L, Licari A, Ferrari G, Oliveto G, Antonelli G, Binda S, Galli C, Pellegrinelli L, Pariani E, Baldanti F. Multicenter epidemiological investigation and genetic characterization of respiratory syncytial virus and metapneumovirus infections in the pre-pandemic 2018-2019 season in northern and central Italy. Clin Exp Med 2023; 23:2725-2737. [PMID: 36522554 PMCID: PMC9754777 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-022-00973-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and human metapneumovirus (HMPV) cause a high burden of disease, particularly in children and the elderly. With the aim to add knowledge on RSV and HMPV infections in Italy, a prospective, multicenter study was conducted by eight centers of the Working Group on Respiratory Virus Infections (GLIViRe), from December 2018-April 2019. Weekly distribution and patients' demographic and clinical data were compared in 1300 RSV and 222 HMPV-positive cases. Phylogenetic analysis of the G-glycoprotein coding region was performed to characterize circulating strains. RSV positivity ranged from 6.4% in outpatients of all ages to 31.7% in hospitalized children; HMPV positivity was 4-1.2% with no age-association. RSV season peaked in February and ended in mid-April: HMPV circulation was higher when RSV decreased in early spring. RSV was more frequent in infants, whereas HMPV infected comparatively more elderly adults; despite, their clinical course was similar. RSV-B cases were two-thirds of the total and had similar clinical severity compared to RSV-A. Phylogenetic analysis showed the circulation of RSV-A ON1 variants and the predominance of RSV-B genotype BA10. HMPV genotype A2c was the prevalent one and presented insertions of different lengths in G. This first multicenter Italian report on seasonality, age-specific distribution, and clinical presentation of RSV and HMPV demonstrated their substantial disease burden in young patients but also in the elderly. These data may provide the basis for a national respiratory virus surveillance network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Pierangeli
- Virology Laboratory, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, V.Le Porta Tiburtina, 28; 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Piralla
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Sara Uceda Renteria
- Virology Unit, Clinical Laboratory, Foundation IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Giacomel
- Virology Unit, Clinical Laboratory, Foundation IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanna Lunghi
- Virology Unit, Clinical Laboratory, Foundation IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Pagani
- Laboratorio Aziendale Di Microbiologia E Virologia, Hospital of Bolzano (SABES-ASDAA), Bolzano, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Giacobazzi
- Laboratorio Aziendale Di Microbiologia E Virologia, Hospital of Bolzano (SABES-ASDAA), Bolzano, Italy
| | - Elisa Vian
- Microbiology Unit, Hospital of Treviso (AULSS2), Treviso, Italy
| | - Valeria Biscaro
- Microbiology Unit, Hospital of Treviso (AULSS2), Treviso, Italy
| | - Giulia Piccirilli
- Microbiology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Bologna, Italy
| | - Tiziana Lazzarotto
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Menzo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Università Politecnica Delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Monica Lucia Ferreri
- Virology Laboratory, Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedali Riuniti Di Ancona, Ancona, Italy
| | - Federica Novazzi
- Ospedale Di Circolo E Fondazione Macchi, ASST Sette Laghi, Varese, Italy
| | - Laura Petrarca
- Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Amelia Licari
- Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Guglielmo Ferrari
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Oliveto
- Virology Laboratory, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, V.Le Porta Tiburtina, 28; 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Guido Antonelli
- Virology Laboratory, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, V.Le Porta Tiburtina, 28; 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Sandro Binda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Galli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Pellegrinelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Pariani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Fausto Baldanti
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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Du Y, Li W, Guo Y, Li L, Chen Q, He L, Shang S. Epidemiology and genetic characterization of human metapneumovirus in pediatric patients from Hangzhou China. J Med Virol 2022; 94:5401-5408. [PMID: 35871601 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Human metapneumovirus (HMPV), which is distributed worldwide, is a significant viral respiratory pathogen responsible for causing acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs) in children. The aim of the present study was to investigate the epidemiological and genetic characteristics of HMPV in pediatric patients in Hangzhou China following the peak of onset of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). A total of 1442 throat swabs were collected from the pediatric patients with a diagnosis of ARTI from November 2020 to March 2021. The following viruses were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis: HMPV, RSV, adenovirus, hPIV1-3, influenza A, and influenza B. A two-step method was used to amplify the F genes of the HMPV-positive samples. Following sequencing, phylogenetic analyses were conducted using the MEGA version 7 software package. Among the 1442 samples, 103 (7.14%) were positive for HMPV. No significant differences were observed in the gender distribution. The highest incidence of HMPV occurred in children older than 6 years and the lowest was noted in children younger than 6 months. Lower respiratory tract infections were diagnosed at a higher rate than upper respiratory tract infections in HMPV-infected children. Only 10 HMPV-infected children (5.41%) were inpatients compared with 93 outpatients (7.39%). Co-infection was observed in 31 HMPV-positive samples including 24 samples of double infection and seven samples of triple infection. A total of 61F gene fragments of HMPV, which were approximately 727 bp in length were successfully sequenced. All the HMPVs belonged to the genotype B and were clustered into subgenotypes B1 (1.6%, 1/61) and B2 (98.4%, 60/61). A total of four specific amino acid substitutions were noted as follows: aa280, aa296, aa392, and aa396. These substitutions were present between sequences derived from the subgenotypes B1 and B2 in the fusion open reading frame from position 244 to 429. In conclusion, the present study provided significant information regarding the epidemiological and genetic characteristics of HMPV in children living in Hangzhou. Following the first peak of the COVID-19 pandemic, HMPV was considered an important viral respiratory pathogen present in children with ARTI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Du
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jiangxi Provincial Children's Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center For Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yajun Guo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center For Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center For Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiang Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jiangxi Provincial Children's Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Lin He
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center For Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shiqiang Shang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center For Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Hindupur A, Menon T, Dhandapani P. Molecular investigation of human metapneumovirus in children with acute respiratory infections in Chennai, South India, from 2016-2018. Braz J Microbiol 2022; 53:655-661. [PMID: 35118597 PMCID: PMC9151977 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-022-00689-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) has emerged as a frequent cause of acute respiratory infections (ARI) among young children. The prevalence and genetic diversity of hMPV circulating in Chennai, Southern India, has not been studied yet. Hence, this study was aimed to investigate the prevalence, co-infection with other respiratory viruses like HRSV A and B, influenza A and B, hRV and HPIV 1-4 viruses, socio-demographic associations, and genotypes of hMPV among children in Chennai. A total of 350 nasal swab specimens were collected from children with ARI during April 2016 to August 2018 and tested for hMPV by real time PCR method. In this study, hMPV was detected in 4% (14/350) of the samples. One hMPV positive sample was found to be co-infected with influenza B virus. The mean and median ages of the children with hMPV infection were 61.5 months (5.1 years) and 83 months (6.9 years), respectively. Phylogenetic analysis of the partial F gene revealed the presence of A2c subcluster among the study strains as well as with B1 and B2 lineages. The prevalence data obtained in this study is important in evaluating the role of hMPV in childhood ARI and emphasizes the importance of routine viral diagnosis in hospitals. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to report the prevalence, seasonality, and genetic diversity of hMPV in Chennai as well as the first study to report A2c subcluster of hMPV among children in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anusha Hindupur
- grid.413015.20000 0004 0505 215XDepartment of Microbiology, Dr. ALM Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu India
| | - Thangam Menon
- Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu India
| | - Prabu Dhandapani
- grid.413015.20000 0004 0505 215XDepartment of Microbiology, Dr. ALM Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu India
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Malekshahi SS, Yavarian J, Shafiei-Jandaghi NZ, Mokhtari-Azad T, Farahmand M. Prevalence of Human Metapneumovirus Infections in Iran: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Fetal Pediatr Pathol 2021; 40:663-673. [PMID: 32081050 DOI: 10.1080/15513815.2020.1725939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundWe sought to systematically review the literature and perform a meta-analysis by assessing the prevalence of human metapneumovirus (hMPV) infections from a number of studies conducted in Iran. Methods: Entire studies addressing epidemiology of hMPV in Iran using data from PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, Web of science, Google Scholar, Embase, and national Persian databases up to June 2019 were included. Results: The estimated prevalence of hMPV was 8.9% (95% CI 5.4-14.2) in different regions in Iran. Compared to the global rate, in Iran hMPV infection presented an intermediate prevalence rate. The majority of hMPV positive patients were pediatric populations with pooled prevalence of 7.6% (I2 = 95%, 95% CI 3.5-15.6). Conclusion: This first comprehensive review covering researches over the last 11 years expanded our knowledge about hMPV circulating in Iran. Future large epidemiological studies are needed for the evaluation of hMPV prevalence and genotype distribution in different unanalyzed regions in Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jila Yavarian
- Virology Department, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Talat Mokhtari-Azad
- Virology Department, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Farahmand
- Virology Department, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Perchetti GA, Wilcox N, Chu HY, Katz J, Khatry SK, LeClerq SC, Tielsch JM, Jerome KR, Englund JA, Kuypers J. Human Metapneumovirus Infection and Genotyping of Infants in Rural Nepal. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc 2021; 10:408-416. [PMID: 33137178 DOI: 10.1093/jpids/piaa118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute respiratory tract infections are a serious clinical burden in infants; human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is an important etiological agent. We investigated genotypic variation and molecular epidemiological patterns among infants infected with HMPV in Sarlahi, Nepal, to better characterize infection in a rural, low-resource setting. METHODS Between May 2011 and April 2014, mid-nasal swabs were collected from 3528 infants who developed respiratory symptoms during a longitudinal maternal influenza vaccine study. Sequencing glycoprotein genes permitted genotyping and analyses among subtypes. RESULTS HMPV was detected by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in 187 (5%) infants, with seasonality observed during fall and winter months. Phylogenetic investigation of complete and partial coding sequences for the F and G genes, respectively, revealed that 3 genotypes were circulating: A2, B1, and B2. HMPV-B was most frequently detected with a single type predominating each season. Both HMPV genotypes exhibited comparable median viral loads. Clinically significant differences between genotypes were limited to increased cough duration and general respiratory symptoms for type B. CONCLUSIONS In rural Nepal, multiple HMPV genotypes circulate simultaneously with an alternating predominance of a single genotype and definitive seasonality. No difference in viral load was detected by genotype and symptom severity was not correlated with RT-PCR cycle threshold or genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garrett A Perchetti
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Naomi Wilcox
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Helen Y Chu
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Joanne Katz
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Subarna K Khatry
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Nepal Nutrition Intervention Project Sarlahi, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Steven C LeClerq
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Nepal Nutrition Intervention Project Sarlahi, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - James M Tielsch
- Department of Global Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Keith R Jerome
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Janet A Englund
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jane Kuypers
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Folgueira L, Moral N, Pascual C, Delgado R. Comparison of the Panther Fusion and Allplex assays for the detection of respiratory viruses in clinical samples. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0226403. [PMID: 31881030 PMCID: PMC6934309 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory viral infections are the most frequent clinical syndrome affecting both children and adults, and early detection is fundamental to avoid infection-related risks and reduce the healthcare costs incurred by unnecessary antibiotic treatments. In this study, performance characteristics of two commercial methods, the Panther Fusion® assay (Hologic Inc., San Diego, CA, USA) were compared to Allplex™ respiratory panels (Seegene, Seoul, South Korea) for the detection of influenza A (Flu A), influenza B (Flu B), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), parainfluenza virus (PIV), human metapneumovirus (hMPV), rhinovirus (RV) and adenovirus (AdV) targets. A total of 865 specimens collected prospectively and retrospectively were included, and discordant results were further examined using another commercial product, R-GENE™ respiratory kits (bioMérieux, Marcy l'Etoile, France). There was high agreement between both methods, with 98.6% concordance and a kappa (k) value of 0.9 (95% CI: 0.89-0.92). A specific analysis of both methods for each viral agent demonstrated comparable sensitivity and specificity, both ranging from 0.83 to 1 with good predictive values for the prospective part of the study. Good agreement between both methods was also found for the κ values obtained (ranging from 97.55% to 98.9%), with the lowest for hMPV (k = 0.83, 95% CI: 0.75-0.91) and RV (k = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.65-0.81). Amplification efficiency, measured according to the value of the cycle threshold (Ct) obtained in each of the amplifications in both tests, was significantly better with Panther Fusion for Flu A, Flu B, hMPV and RV. Regarding discordant results, R-GENE showed higher agreement with Panther Fusion-positive specimens (negative for Allplex; n = 28/71, 34.9%) than with Allplex-positive samples (negative for Panther Fusion; n = 7/49, 14.3%). In summary, Panther Fusion proved to be a more efficient fully-automated methodology, requiring shorter hands-on and turnaround times than Allplex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lola Folgueira
- Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute imas12, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Noelia Moral
- Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Consuelo Pascual
- Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Delgado
- Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute imas12, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
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Divarathna MVM, Rafeek RAM, Noordeen F. A review on epidemiology and impact of human metapneumovirus infections in children using TIAB search strategy on PubMed and PubMed Central articles. Rev Med Virol 2019; 30:e2090. [PMID: 31788915 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Acute respiratory tract infections (ARTI) contribute to morbidity and mortality in children globally. Viruses including human metapneumovirus (hMPV) account for most ARTIs. The virus causes upper and lower respiratory tract infections mostly in young children and contributes to hospitalization of individuals with asthma,chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases and cancer. Moreover, hMPV pauses a considerable socio-economic impact creating a substantial disease burden wherever it has been studied, although hMPV testing is relatively new in many countries. We aimed to comprehensively analyze the epidemiological aspects including prevalence, disease burden and seasonality of hMPV infections in children in the world. We acquired published data extracted from PubMed and PubMed Central articles using the title and abstract (TIAB)search strategy for the major key words on hMPV infections from 9/54 African, 11/35 American, 20/50 Asian, 2/14 Australian/Oceanian and 20/51 European countries. According to the findings of this review, the prevalence of hMPV infection ranges from 1.1 to 86% in children of less than 5 years of age globally. Presence of many hMPV genotypes (A1, A2, B1, B2) and sub-genotypes (A2a, A2b, A2c, B2a, B2b) suggests a rapid evolution of the virus with limited influence by time and geography. hMPV infection mostly affects children between 2 to 5 years of age. The virus is active throughout the year in the tropics and epidemics occur during the winter and spring in temperate climates, contributing to a substantial disease burden globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maduja V M Divarathna
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Rukshan A M Rafeek
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Faseeha Noordeen
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
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Alsuheel AM, Ali AS, Al-Hakami AM, Shati AA, Chandramoorthy HC, Al-Qahtani SM. Human metapneumovirus in Pediatric Patients with Acute Respiratory Tract Infections in the Aseer Region of Saudi Arabia. SAUDI JOURNAL OF MEDICINE & MEDICAL SCIENCES 2019; 7:80-85. [PMID: 31080387 PMCID: PMC6503696 DOI: 10.4103/sjmms.sjmms_72_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background: Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is a Paramyxovirus known to cause acute respiratory tract infections in children and young adults. To date, there is no study from the Aseer region of Saudi Arabia determining the proportion and severity of hMPV infection among pediatric hospitalized patients with respiratory infections. Objectives: The objective of this study is to determine the presence of hMPV antigens in the nasopharyngeal secretions of pediatric patients hospitalized with respiratory tract infections in the Aseer region of Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods: This prospective, serological hospital-based study included all pediatric patients who were admitted to Aseer Central Hospital, Abha, Saudi Arabia, from July 2016 to November 2017 with upper and/or lower respiratory tract infections. Basic demographics of patients and their clinical data on and after admission were recorded. Direct fluorescent antibody assay was used to detect the presence of hMPV antigens in the obtained nasopharyngeal secretion specimens. Results: During the study, 91 pediatric patients were hospitalized due to upper and/or lower respiratory tract infections, of which 9.9% were positive for hMPV. These patients were aged 9 months to 16 years, were from Abha city or its surrounding localities and were mostly (77.8%) hospitalized during autumn or winter. The most common diagnosis on admission was bronchopneumonia (55.5%) and aspiration pneumonia (22.2%), and some patients also had underlying chronic conditions such as chronic heart disease (22.2%) and bronchial asthma (11.1%). Conclusions: The results obtained indicated that hMPV is a potential etiologic factor for the commonly occurring acute respiratory infections in hospitalized children from the Aseer region of Saudi Arabia. hMPV infection was also found to be associated with complicated respiratory conditions such as bronchopneumonia, chronic heart disease and bronchial asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mohammed Alsuheel
- Department of Child Health, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdelwahid Saeed Ali
- Department of Microbiology and Clinical Parasitology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Musa Al-Hakami
- Department of Microbiology and Clinical Parasitology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayed Abdullah Shati
- Department of Child Health, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Harish C Chandramoorthy
- Department of Microbiology and Clinical Parasitology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
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Chen S, He H, Yang H, Tan B, Liu E, Zhao X, Zhao Y. The role of lipid rafts in cell entry of human metapneumovirus. J Med Virol 2019; 91:949-957. [PMID: 30698826 PMCID: PMC7166723 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is a crucial pathogen in children. A cell entry is the first step for infection. Our previous study indicated that there was an endocytosis pathway for hMPV cell entry. Lipid raft is a specific structure at the cell surface and it has been demonstrated to play an important role in endocytosis process of many viruses. In this study, we investigated whether and how lipid raft can take part in the hMPV entry. The confocal microscope was used to detect colocalization of hMPV and lipid raft marker. We demonstrated that colocalizations were increased along with the viral infection and hMPV particles transferred to the perinuclear region with lipid raft. When specific lipid raft inhibitors: methyl‐β cyclodextrin and nystatin were used, hMPV cell entry was inhibited and viral titer decreased dramatically. With the replenishment of exogenous cholesterol, hMPV recovered quickly. These data suggest that lipid raft plays an important role in hMPV endocytosis and maybe one of the pathways for hMPV cell entry. This study showed lipid raft, as the specific structure at cell surface, plays an important role in hMPV endocytosis and maybe the one of the pathways for hMPV cell entry. This study gave a better understanding of the mechanisms of hMPV cell entry and a new way to prevent and treat its infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhua Chen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao He
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Yang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Tan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Enmei Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Zhao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Zhao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
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Rahman MZ, Sumiya M, Sahabuddin M, Pell LG, Gubbay JB, Rahman R, Momtaz F, Azmuda N, Shanta SS, Jahan I, Rahman M, Mahmud AA, Roth DE, Morris SK. Genetic characterization of human metapneumovirus identified through community and facility-based surveillance of infants in Dhaka, Bangladesh. J Med Virol 2018; 91:549-554. [PMID: 30372530 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute respiratory infection (ARI) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children in low and middle-income countries. Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is one of the most common viral etiological agents for ARIs in children. OBJECTIVES In this study, we explored the genotypic diversity and the epidemiology of hMPV among infants in Dhaka, Bangladesh. STUDY DESIGN Between December 2014 and August 2016, a total of 3810 mid-turbinate nasal swab samples were collected from infants (0 to 6 months of age) who met clinical ARI criteria, as a part of a prospective ARI cohort study. hMPV was detected using polymerase chain reaction, and genotyped by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. RESULTS hMPV was identified in 206 (5.4%) nasal swab specimens. One-tenth of the hMPV-positive swabs (n = 19) were also positive for other respiratory viruses. hMPV activity peaked in January and September in 2015; however, no seasonal pattern of hMPV infection was detected. Phylogenetic analyses of the N and F gene-fragments revealed that the hMPV strains circulating in Dhaka, Bangladesh, belonged to three genotypes: A2b, A2c, and B1. Genotype A (57%) was the predominant hMPV genotype circulating in Bangladesh during the study period. CONCLUSION This study describes both the epidemiology of hMPV infection and its genotypic strain diversity in Dhaka, Bangladesh.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mariya Sumiya
- Infectious Diseases Division (IDD), icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Lisa G Pell
- Centre for Global Child Health and Child Health Evaluative Sciences, Sick Kids Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jonathan B Gubbay
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rajibur Rahman
- Infectious Diseases Division (IDD), icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Farhana Momtaz
- Infectious Diseases Division (IDD), icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Nafisa Azmuda
- Department of Microbiology, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Shaila S Shanta
- Nutrition and Clinical Services Division (NCSD), icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Ishrat Jahan
- Maternal and Child Health Training Institute (MCHTI), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Abdullah A Mahmud
- Nutrition and Clinical Services Division (NCSD), icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Daniel E Roth
- Centre for Global Child Health and Child Health Evaluative Sciences, Sick Kids Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shaun K Morris
- Centre for Global Child Health and Child Health Evaluative Sciences, Sick Kids Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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11
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Lenahan JL, Englund JA, Katz J, Kuypers J, Wald A, Magaret A, Tielsch JM, Khatry SK, LeClerq SC, Shrestha L, Steinhoff MC, Chu HY. Human Metapneumovirus and Other Respiratory Viral Infections during Pregnancy and Birth, Nepal. Emerg Infect Dis 2018; 23. [PMID: 28726613 PMCID: PMC5547777 DOI: 10.3201/eid2308.161358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a respiratory virus that can cause severe lower respiratory tract disease and even death, primarily in young children. The incidence and characteristics of HMPV have not been well described in pregnant women. As part of a trial of maternal influenza immunization in rural southern Nepal, we conducted prospective, longitudinal, home-based active surveillance for febrile respiratory illness during pregnancy through 6 months postpartum. During 2011-2014, HMPV was detected in 55 of 3,693 women (16.4 cases/1,000 person-years). Twenty-five women were infected with HMPV during pregnancy, compared with 98 pregnant women who contracted rhinovirus and 7 who contracted respiratory syncytial virus. Women with HMPV during pregnancy had an increased risk of giving birth to infants who were small for gestational age. An intervention to reduce HMPV febrile respiratory illness in pregnant women may have the potential to decrease risk of adverse birth outcomes in developing countries.
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12
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Ábrego LE, Mirazo S, Delfraro A, Franco D, Castillo M, Gaitán M, Castillo J, Moreno B, Pascale JM, Arbiza J. Genotypes of human metapneumovirus circulating during 2010-2012 in children from Panama. J Med Virol 2017; 90:604-608. [DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leyda E. Ábrego
- Deparment of Research in Virology and Biotechnology; Gorgas Memorial Institute of Health Studies; Panama City Panama
| | - Santiago Mirazo
- Virology Section, School of Sciences; University of the Republic; Montevideo Uruguay
| | - Adriana Delfraro
- Virology Section, School of Sciences; University of the Republic; Montevideo Uruguay
| | - Danilo Franco
- Deparment of Research in Virology and Biotechnology; Gorgas Memorial Institute of Health Studies; Panama City Panama
- School of Medicine; University of Panama; Panama City Panama
| | - Marlene Castillo
- Deparment of Research in Virology and Biotechnology; Gorgas Memorial Institute of Health Studies; Panama City Panama
| | - Melissa Gaitán
- Deparment of Research in Virology and Biotechnology; Gorgas Memorial Institute of Health Studies; Panama City Panama
| | - Juan Castillo
- Department of Genomic and Proteomic; Gorgas Memorial Institute of Health Studies; Panama City Panama
| | - Brechla Moreno
- Deparment of Research in Virology and Biotechnology; Gorgas Memorial Institute of Health Studies; Panama City Panama
| | - Juan M. Pascale
- School of Medicine; University of Panama; Panama City Panama
- Department of Genomic and Proteomic; Gorgas Memorial Institute of Health Studies; Panama City Panama
| | - Juan Arbiza
- Virology Section, School of Sciences; University of the Republic; Montevideo Uruguay
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13
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Saikusa M, Kawakami C, Nao N, Takeda M, Usuku S, Sasao T, Nishimoto K, Toyozawa T. 180-Nucleotide Duplication in the G Gene of Human metapneumovirus A2b Subgroup Strains Circulating in Yokohama City, Japan, since 2014. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:402. [PMID: 28352258 PMCID: PMC5348506 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Human metapneumovirus (HMPV), a member of the family Paramyxoviridae, was first isolated in 2001. Seroepidemiological studies have shown that HMPV has been a major etiological agent of acute respiratory infections in humans for more than 50 years. Molecular epidemiological, genetic, and antigenetic evolutionary studies of HMPV will strengthen our understanding of the epidemic behavior of the virus and provide valuable insight for the control of HMPV and the development of vaccines and antiviral drugs against HMPV infection. In this study, the nucleotide sequence of and genetic variations in the G gene were analyzed in HMPV strains prevalent in Yokohama City, in the Kanto area, Japan, between January 2013 and June 2016. As a part of the National Epidemiological Surveillance of Infectious Diseases, Japan, 1308 clinical specimens (throat swabs, nasal swabs, nasal secretions, and nasal aspirate fluids) collected at 24 hospitals or clinics in Yokohama City were screened for 15 major respiratory viruses with a multiplex reverse transcription–PCR assay. HMPV was detected in 91 specimens, accounting for 7.0% of the total specimens, and the nucleotide sequences of the G genes of 84 HMPV strains were determined. Among these 84 strains, 6, 43, 10, and 25 strains were classified into subgroups A2a, A2b, B1, and B2, respectively. Approximately half the HMPV A2b subgroup strains detected since 2014 had a 180-nucleotide duplication (180nt-dup) in the G gene and clustered on a phylogenic tree with four classical 180nt-dup-lacking HMPV A2b strains prevalent between 2014 and 2015. The 180nt-dup causes a 60-amino-acid duplication (60aa-dup) in the G protein, creating 23–25 additional potential acceptor sites for O-linked sugars. Our data suggest that 180nt-dup occurred between 2011 and 2013 and that HMPV A2b strains with 180nt-dup (A2b180nt-dup HMPV) became major epidemic strains within 3 years. The detailed mechanism by which the A2b180nt-dup HMPV strains gained an advantage that allowed their efficient spread in the community and the effects of 60aa-dup on HMPV virulence must be clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miwako Saikusa
- Yokohama City Institute of Public Health Yokohama, Japan
| | | | - Naganori Nao
- Department of Virology III, National Institute of Infectious Diseases Musashimurayama, Japan
| | - Makoto Takeda
- Department of Virology III, National Institute of Infectious Diseases Musashimurayama, Japan
| | - Shuzo Usuku
- Yokohama City Institute of Public Health Yokohama, Japan
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14
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Márquez-Escobar VA. Current developments and prospects on human metapneumovirus vaccines. Expert Rev Vaccines 2017; 16:419-431. [PMID: 28116910 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2017.1283223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) has become one of the major pathogens causing acute respiratory infections (ARI) mainly affecting young children, immunocompromised patients, and the elderly. Currently there are no licensed vaccines against this virus. Areas covered: Since the discovery of hMPV in 2001, many groups have focused on developing vaccines against this pathogen. This review presents the outcomes and perspectives derived from preclinical studies performed in cell cultures and animals as well as the only candidate that has reached evaluation in a clinical trial. Limitations of the current vaccine candidates are discussed and perspectives for the development of plant-based vaccines are analyzed. Expert commentary: Several hMPV vaccine candidates are under development with the potential to progress into clinical trials. In parallel, the molecular farming field offers new opportunities to generate innovative vaccines that will offer several advantages in the fight against hMPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Araceli Márquez-Escobar
- a Facultad de Ciencias Químicas , Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí , Av. Dr. Manuel Nava 6, San Luis Potosí 78210 , SLP , Mexico
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15
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Amer HM. Molecular Epidemiology of Human Metapneumovirus in Riyadh Province, Saudi Arabia. J Mol Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 26:414-421. [DOI: 10.1159/000448374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is an important cause of respiratory tract illness in children. Two HMPV subgroups, A and B, and four genotypes, A1, A2, B1 and B2, have been identified. Concurrent circulation of the different genotypes in yearly epidemics has been recorded globally, but not in Saudi Arabia. The current report was designed to study HMPV epidemiology in Saudi children and to analyze the genetic diversity and circulation patterns. Nasopharyngeal aspirates (n = 174) were collected from hospitalized children in Riyadh (2008-2009). The screening of samples using real-time RT-PCR identified 19 HMPV strains. The majority of the strains belonged to subgroup B, while all strains of subgroup A were members of genotype A2. In 2008, only subgroup B was recognized, whereas in 2009 both subgroups were identified to be cocirculating at similar rates. The full-length attachment (G) gene and a partial sequence of the fusion (F) gene of positive samples were sequenced. The G gene showed a high degree of genetic diversity and exhibited a variable number of positively selected sites in different lineages. In contrast, the F gene demonstrated an extensive genetic stability with a higher tendency toward purifying selection. This is the first report on HMPV genotype circulation in Saudi Arabia; however, the exact circulation kinetics requires further retrospective and prospective study.
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16
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Lefebvre A, Manoha C, Bour JB, Abbas R, Fournel I, Tiv M, Pothier P, Astruc K, Aho-Glélé LS. Human metapneumovirus in patients hospitalized with acute respiratory infections: A meta-analysis. J Clin Virol 2016; 81:68-77. [PMID: 27337518 PMCID: PMC7106388 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2016.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This meta-analysis aimed to estimate the prevalence of human metapneumovirus (hMPV) infections in patients hospitalized for acute respiratory infection (ARI) and to study factors associated with this prevalence. Medline and ScienceDirect databases were searched for prospective observational studies that screened hospitalized patients with ARI for hMPV by RT-PCR, with data available at December 27, 2014. The risk of bias was assessed regarding participation rate, definition of ARI, description of diagnostic technique, method of inclusion identical for all subjects, standardized and identical sampling method for all subjects, analysis performed according to the relevant subgroups, and presentation of data sources. Random-effect meta-analysis with arcsine transformation and meta-regressions was used. In the 75 articles included, the prevalence of hMPV among hospitalized ARI was 6.24% (95% CI 5.25-7.30). An effect of the duration of the inclusion period was observed (p=0.0114), with a higher prevalence of hMPV in studies conducted during periods of 7-11 months (10.56%, 95% CI 5.97-16.27) or complete years (7.55%, 95% CI 5.90-9.38) than in periods of 6 months or less (5.36%, 95% CI 4.29-6.54). A significant increase in the incidence with increasing distance from the equator was observed (p=0.0384). hMPV should be taken into account as a possible etiology in hospitalized ARI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annick Lefebvre
- Epidemiology and infection control unit, Dijon University Hospital, France.
| | | | | | - Rachid Abbas
- Epidemiology and infection control unit, Dijon University Hospital, France
| | - Isabelle Fournel
- Epidemiology and infection control unit, Dijon University Hospital, France
| | - Michel Tiv
- Epidemiology and infection control unit, Dijon University Hospital, France
| | | | - Karine Astruc
- Epidemiology and infection control unit, Dijon University Hospital, France
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17
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Owor BE, Masankwa GN, Mwango LC, Njeru RW, Agoti CN, Nokes DJ. Human metapneumovirus epidemiological and evolutionary patterns in Coastal Kenya, 2007-11. BMC Infect Dis 2016; 16:301. [PMID: 27316548 PMCID: PMC4912817 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-016-1605-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is an important global cause of severe acute respiratory infections in young children and the elderly. The epidemiology of HMPV in sub-Saharan Africa is poorly described and factors that allow its recurrent epidemics in communities not understood. METHODS We undertook paediatric inpatient surveillance for HMPV in Kilifi County Hospital (KCH) of Coastal Kenya between 2007 and 2011. Nasopharyngeal samples collected from children aged 1 day-59 months admitted with severe or very severe pneumonia, were tested for HMPV using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Partial nucleotide sequences of the attachment (G) and fusion (F) surface proteins of positive samples were determined and phylogenetically analyzed. RESULTS HMPV was detected in 4.8 % (160/3320) of children [73.8 % (118/160) of these less than one year of age], ranging between 2.9 and 8.8 % each year over the 5 years of study. HMPV infections were seasonal in occurrence, with cases predominant in the months of November through April. These months frequently coincided with low rainfall, high temperature and low relative humidity in the location. Phylogenetic analysis of partial F and G sequences revealed three subgroups of HMPV, A2 (74 %, 91/123), B1 (3.2 %, 4/123) and B2 (22.8 %, 28/123) in circulation, with subgroup A2 predominant in majority of the epidemic seasons. Comparison of G sequences (local and global) provided a greater phylogenetic resolution over comparison of F sequences and indicated presence of probable multiple G antigenic variants within the subgroups due to differences in amino acid sequence, encoded protein length and glycosylation patterns. CONCLUSION The present study reveals HMPV is an important seasonal contributor to respiratory disease hospitalization in coastal Kenya, with an evolutionary pattern closely relating to that of respiratory syncytial virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betty E Owor
- Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) -Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, KEMRI Centre for Geographic Medicine Research - Coast, Kilifi, Kenya.
| | - Geoffrey N Masankwa
- Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) -Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, KEMRI Centre for Geographic Medicine Research - Coast, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Lilian C Mwango
- Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) -Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, KEMRI Centre for Geographic Medicine Research - Coast, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Regina W Njeru
- Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) -Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, KEMRI Centre for Geographic Medicine Research - Coast, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Charles N Agoti
- Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) -Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, KEMRI Centre for Geographic Medicine Research - Coast, Kilifi, Kenya.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Pwani University, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - D James Nokes
- Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) -Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, KEMRI Centre for Geographic Medicine Research - Coast, Kilifi, Kenya. .,School of Life Sciences and WIDER, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.
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18
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Pacheco-Gonzalez RM, Mallol J, Solé D, Brand PLP, Perez-Fernandez V, Sanchez-Solis M, Garcia-Marcos L. Factors associated with the time to the first wheezing episode in infants: a cross-sectional study from the International Study of Wheezing in Infants (EISL). NPJ Prim Care Respir Med 2016; 26:15077. [PMID: 26796896 PMCID: PMC4721498 DOI: 10.1038/npjpcrm.2015.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Revised: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Male gender, asthmatic heredity, perinatal tobacco smoke exposure and respiratory infections have been associated with wheeze in the first years of life, among other risk factors. However, information about what factors modify the time to the first episode of wheeze in infants is lacking. The present study analyses which factors are associated with shorter time to the first episode of wheeze in infants. Parents of 11- to 24-month-old children were surveyed when attending their health-care centres for a control visit. They answered a questionnaire including the age in months when a first wheeze episode (if any) had occurred (outcome variable). The study was performed in 14 centres in Latin America (LA) and in 8 centres in Europe (EU) (at least 1,000 infants per centre). Factors known to be associated with wheezing in the cohort were included in a survival analysis (Cox proportional hazards model). Summary hazard ratios adjusted for all risk factors (aHR) were calculated using the meta-analysis approach with random effects. A total of 15,067 infants had experienced wheezing at least once, out of 35,049 surveyed. Male gender in LA (aHR 1.05, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.00-1.10, P=0.047), parental asthma in LA and EU (aHR 1.05, 95% CI 1.00-1.11, P=0.037), infant eczema in EU (aHR 1.25, 95% CI 1.12-1.39, P<0.001) and having a cold during the first 3 months in LA and EU (aHR 1.97, 95% CI 1.90-2.04, P<0.001), in LA (aHR 1.98, 95% CI 1.90-2.06, P<0.001) and in EU (aHR 1.91, 95% CI 1.75-2.09, P<0.001) were associated with a shorter period of time to the first episode. Breast feeding for at least 3 months was associated with a longer period, only in LA (aHR 0.91, 95% CI 0.86-0.96, P<0.001). Cold symptoms during the first 3 months is the most consistent factor shortening the time to the first episode of wheezing; breast feeding for ⩾3 months delays it only in LA, whereas eczema shortens it only in EU. Avoiding a common cold in the first months of life could be a good strategy to delay the first wheeze episode; however, cohort studies will help to elucidate this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa M Pacheco-Gonzalez
- Pediatric Respiratory and Allergy Unit, 'Virgen de la Arrixaca' University Children's Hospital, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Javier Mallol
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Hospital El Pino, University of Santiago de Chile (USACH), Chile, USA
| | - Dirceu Solé
- Division of Allergy, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paul L P Brand
- Princess Amalia Children's Clinic, Isala Klinieken, Zwolle, The Netherlands.,UMCG Postgraduate School of Medicine, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Manuel Sanchez-Solis
- Pediatric Respiratory and Allergy Unit, 'Virgen de la Arrixaca' University Children's Hospital, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Luis Garcia-Marcos
- Pediatric Respiratory and Allergy Unit, 'Virgen de la Arrixaca' University Children's Hospital, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,IMIB Bioresearch Institute, Murcia, Spain
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19
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Phylogenetic analysis of human metapneumovirus detected in hospitalized patients in Kuwait during the years 2009-2011. J Infect Public Health 2015; 8:448-57. [PMID: 25773766 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2015.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2014] [Revised: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is an important cause of both upper and lower respiratory tract infections (RTIs) in all age groups. Children, elderly, and immunocompromised individuals are the most affected groups. HMPV infection accounts for 5% of hospitalized patients with respiratory tract infections in Kuwait. It is mostly detected among infants and elderly age groups, and both hMPV genotypes A and B circulate in Kuwait. METHODS In this study, the genetic diversity of detected hMPV was evaluated, and a phylogenetic analysis based on partial nucleotide and amino acid sequences of the G gene was performed for hMPV detected among hospitalized patients with RTIs. RESULTS Our results showed that 62% of hMPV sequences belonged to the A genotype and 38% to the B genotype. A2b and B2 subtypes were detected and circulated during the study period, whereas A1 and B1 subtypes were not detected. Based on nucleotide sequences of the G gene, most of hMPV strains (57%) were clustered with Indian strains, followed by Greek strains (24%) and Canadian strains (14%). One strain (5%) clustered within the B genotype but had different branches than B1 and B2 branches. CONCLUSION Our data showed the co-circulation of hMPV genotypes A2b and B2 in Kuwait with genetic diversity suggestive of evolution through negative selection.
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20
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Biswas D, Yadav K, Borkakoty B, Mahanta J, Bansal PG, Toteja GS, Suman R, Gautam P, Sharma N, Sharma M, Choudhary S. Research Letters. Indian Pediatr 2015; 51:931-2. [DOI: 10.1007/s13312-014-0533-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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21
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Pérez FJ, Ponce CA, Rojas DA, Iturra PA, Bustamante RI, Gallo M, Hananias K, Vargas SL. Fungal colonization with Pneumocystis correlates to increasing chloride channel accessory 1 (hCLCA1) suggesting a pathway for up-regulation of airway mucus responses, in infant lungs. RESULTS IN IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 4:58-61. [PMID: 25379375 PMCID: PMC4213842 DOI: 10.1016/j.rinim.2014.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Revised: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Fungal colonization with Pneumocystis is associated with increased airway mucus in infants during their primary Pneumocystis infection, and to severity of COPD in adults. The pathogenic mechanisms are under investigation. Interestingly, increased levels of hCLCA1 – a member of the calcium-sensitive chloride conductance family of proteins that drives mucus hypersecretion – have been associated with increased mucus production in patients diagnosed with COPD and in immunocompetent rodents with Pneumocystis infection. Pneumocystis is highly prevalent in infants; therefore, the contribution of Pneumocystis to hCLCA1 expression was examined in autopsied infant lungs. Respiratory viruses that may potentially increase mucus, were also examined. hCLCA1 expression was measured using actin-normalized Western-blot, and the burden of Pneumocystis organisms was quantified by qPCR in 55 autopsied lungs from apparently healthy infants who died in the community. Respiratory viruses were diagnosed using RT-PCR for RSV, metapneumovirus, influenza, and parainfluenza viruses; and by PCR for adenovirus. hCLCA1 levels in virus positive samples were comparable to those in virus-negative samples. An association between Pneumocystis and increased hCLCA1 expression was documented (P=0.028). Additionally, increasing Pneumocystis burden correlated with increasing hCLCA1 protein expression levels (P=0.017). Results strengthen the evidence of Pneumocystis-associated up-regulation of mucus-related airway responses in infant lungs. Further characterization of this immunocompetent host-Pneumocystis-interaction, including assessment of potential clinical significance, is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Pérez
- Programa de Microbiología y Micología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Carolina A Ponce
- Programa de Microbiología y Micología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Diego A Rojas
- Programa de Microbiología y Micología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Pablo A Iturra
- Programa de Microbiología y Micología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Rebeca I Bustamante
- Programa de Microbiología y Micología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | | | | | - Sergio L Vargas
- Programa de Microbiología y Micología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
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22
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Reiche J, Jacobsen S, Neubauer K, Hafemann S, Nitsche A, Milde J, Wolff T, Schweiger B. Human metapneumovirus: insights from a ten-year molecular and epidemiological analysis in Germany. PLoS One 2014; 9:e88342. [PMID: 24505479 PMCID: PMC3914980 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a cause of respiratory tract illness at all ages. In this study the epidemiological and molecular diversity among patients of different ages was investigated. Between 2000-2001 and 2009-2010, HMPV was detected in 3% (138/4,549) of samples from outpatients with influenza-like illness with a new, sensitive real-time RT-PCR assay. Several hundred (797) clinical specimens from hospitalized children below the age of 4 years with acute respiratory illness were investigated and HMPV was detected in 11.9% of them. Investigation of outpatients revealed that HMPV infections occurred in individuals of all ages but were most prevalent in children (0-4 years) and the elderly (>60 years). The most present clinical features of HMPV infections were cough, bronchitis, fever/shivers and pneumonia. About two thirds of HMPV-positive samples were detected in February and March throughout the study period. Molecular characterization of HMPV revealed a complex cyclic pattern of group dominance where HMPV subgroup A and B viruses predominated in general for three consecutive seasons. German HMPV represented all genetic lineages including A1, A2, B1, B2, sub-clusters A2a and A2b. For Germany, not only time-dependent circulation of lineages and sub-clusters was observed but also co-circulation of two or three predominant lineages. Two newly emerging amino acid substitutions (positions 223 and 280) of lineage B2 were detected in seven German HMPV sequences. Our study gives new insights into the molecular epidemiology of HMPV in in- and outpatients over a time period of 10 years for the first time. It is one of only few long-term surveillance studies in Europe, and allows comparative molecular analyses of HMPV circulating worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine Reiche
- Division of Influenza Viruses and Other Respiratory Viruses, National Reference Centre for Influenza, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sonja Jacobsen
- Division of Influenza Viruses and Other Respiratory Viruses, National Reference Centre for Influenza, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katrin Neubauer
- Division of Influenza Viruses and Other Respiratory Viruses, National Reference Centre for Influenza, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Susi Hafemann
- Division of Influenza Viruses and Other Respiratory Viruses, National Reference Centre for Influenza, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Nitsche
- Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Highly Pathogenic Viruses, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jeanette Milde
- Division of Influenza Viruses and Other Respiratory Viruses, National Reference Centre for Influenza, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thorsten Wolff
- Division of Influenza Viruses and Other Respiratory Viruses, National Reference Centre for Influenza, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Brunhilde Schweiger
- Division of Influenza Viruses and Other Respiratory Viruses, National Reference Centre for Influenza, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
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23
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Jain B, Singh AK, Dangi T, Agarwal A, Verma AK, Dwivedi M, Singh KP, Jain A. High prevalence of human metapneumovirus subtype B in cases presenting as severe acute respiratory illness: an experience at tertiary care hospital. CLINICAL RESPIRATORY JOURNAL 2014; 8:225-33. [DOI: 10.1111/crj.12064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2013] [Revised: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bhawana Jain
- Department of Microbiology; King George Medical University; Lucknow India
| | - Ajay Kr Singh
- Department of Microbiology; King George Medical University; Lucknow India
| | - Tanushree Dangi
- Department of Microbiology; King George Medical University; Lucknow India
| | - Anjali Agarwal
- Department of Microbiology; King George Medical University; Lucknow India
| | - Anil Kumar Verma
- Department of Microbiology; King George Medical University; Lucknow India
| | - Mukesh Dwivedi
- Department of Microbiology; King George Medical University; Lucknow India
| | - Kaleshwar P. Singh
- Department of Microbiology; King George Medical University; Lucknow India
| | - Amita Jain
- Department of Microbiology; King George Medical University; Lucknow India
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Development of real-time RT-PCR for detection of human metapneumovirus and genetic analysis of circulating strains (2009-2011) in Pune, India. Arch Virol 2013; 159:217-25. [PMID: 23929232 PMCID: PMC7087245 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-013-1812-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is an important respiratory virus implicated in respiratory infections. The purpose of this study was to develop a one-step real-time RT-PCR assay that can detect all four lineages of HMPV and to identify the HMPV lineages circulating in Pune, India. Conserved regions of the nucleoprotein gene were used to design real-time primers and a probe. A total of 224 clinical samples that were positive for different respiratory viruses (including 51 samples that were positive for HMPV) were tested using the real time RT-PCR assay, and the specificity of the assay was observed to be 100 %. Using in vitro-synthesized RNA, the sensitivity of the assay was ascertained to be 100 copies of the target gene per reaction. Phylogenetic analysis of the nucleoprotein (N) and attachment glycoprotein (G) genes confirmed that this assay detected all lineages of HMPV. A2, B1 and B2 strains were observed during the study period. Our assay is highly sensitive and specific for all known lineages of HMPV, making it a valuable tool for rapid detection of the virus. A2 and B2 were the predominant subtypes circulating in Pune, Western India.
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25
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Human metapneumovirus in Jordan: prevalence and clinical symptoms in hospitalized pediatric patients and molecular virus characterization. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2012; 74:288-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2012.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2012] [Revised: 07/11/2012] [Accepted: 07/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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