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Hu LF, Bian TT, Chen Q, Liu MY, Li JJ, Kong QX, Zhang JK, Wu J, Cheng J, Yu R, Qiu YQ, Gao YF, Chen GS, Ye Y, Wu T, Li JB. Viral shedding pattern of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus in severely ill patients: A prospective, Multicenter cohort study. Heliyon 2024; 10:e33611. [PMID: 39027598 PMCID: PMC11255444 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is spreading rapidly in Asia. The pathway of SFTS virus shedding from patient and specific use of personal protective equipments (PPEs) against viral transmission have rarely been reported. The study was to determine SFTS virus (SFTSV) shedding pattern from the respiratory, digestive and urinary tract to outside in patients. Methods: Patients were divided into mild and severe groups in three sentinel hospitals for SFTS in Anhui province from April 2020 to October 2022. SFTSV level from blood, throat swabs, fecal/anal swabs, urine and bedside environment swabs of SFTS patients were detected by qRT-PCR. Specific PPEs were applied in healthcare workers contacting with the patients who had oropharyngeal virus shedding and hemorrhagic signs. Results A total of 189 SFTSV-confirmed patients were included in the study, 54 patients died (case fatality rate, 28.57 %). Positive SFTSV in throat swabs (T-SFTSV), fecal/anal swabs (F-SFTSV) and urine (U-SFTSV) were detected in 121 (64.02 %), 91 (48.15 %) and 65 (34.4 %) severely ill patients, respectively. The levels of T-SFTSV, F-SFTSV and U-SFTSV were positively correlated with the load of SFTSV in blood. We firstly revealed that SFTSV positive rate of throat swabs were correlated with occurrence of pneumonia and case fatality rate of patients (P < 0.0001). Specific precaution measures were applied by healthcare workers in participating cardiopulmonary resuscitation and orotracheal intubation for severely ill patients with positive T-SFTSV, no event of SFTSV human-to-human transmission occurred after application of effective PPEs. Conclusions Our research demonstrated SFTSV could shed out from blood, oropharynx, feces and urine in severely ill patients. The excretion of SFTSV from these parts was positively correlated with viral load in the blood. Effective prevention measures against SFTSV human-to-human transmission are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Fen Hu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ting-Ting Bian
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Qiang Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Meng-Yu Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jia-Jia Li
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Qin-Xiang Kong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jian-Kang Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Lu'an People's Hospital, Jin'an District, Lu'an, China
| | - Jin Wu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jun Cheng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Rui Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yan-Qin Qiu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yu-Feng Gao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Guo-Sheng Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ying Ye
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ting Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jia-Bin Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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Ai L, Wang W, Teng Z. Advancements in the Worldwide Detection of Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus Infection from 2009 to 2023. China CDC Wkly 2023; 5:687-693. [PMID: 37593140 PMCID: PMC10427339 DOI: 10.46234/ccdcw2023.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is a growing concern as an emerging tick-borne infectious disease originating from the SFTS virus (SFTSV), a recent addition to the Phlebovirus genus under the family of bunyaviruses. SFTS is typically identified by symptoms such as fever, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, and gastrointestinal problems, accompanied by a potentially high case fatality rate. Thus, early and accurate diagnosis is essential for effective treatment and disease management. This review delves into the existing methodologies for SFTS detection, including pathogenic, molecular, and immunological technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Ai
- Institute of Microbiology Laboratory, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Institute of Microbiology Laboratory, Shanghai Institute of Preventive Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Teng
- Institute of Microbiology Laboratory, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Microbiology Laboratory, Shanghai Institute of Preventive Medicine, Shanghai, China
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3
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Tian W, Ren X, Gao X, Zhang Y, Chen Z, Zhang W. Accuracy of reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and loop-mediated isothermal amplification in diagnosing severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Med Virol 2022; 94:5922-5932. [PMID: 35968756 PMCID: PMC9804528 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Nucleic acid molecular diagnostic technology plays an important role in the detection of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS). However, no relevant reports have been published on the accuracy of reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and reverse-transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) in the diagnosis of SFTS. Thus, we conducted a meta-analysis and systematic review to evaluate the accuracy of the two methods. On June 19, 2022, we comprehensively searched the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Scoups, Ovid, Proquest, China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database, Wan Fang Data, Traditional Chinese Medicine Database (Sinomed), VIP Database, and Reading Showing Database for articles on nucleic acid diagnostic techniques, such as RT-PCR and RT-LAMP, used to diagnose SFTS. Statistical analysis was performed using STATA 14.0 and Meta-Disc 1.4. Sixteen articles involving 2942 clinical blood samples were included in the analysis. RT-PCR and RT-LAMP were used as index tests, whereas RT-PCR or other detection methods were used as reference standards. The pooled values for the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative likelihood ratios of the RT-PCR test were 0.97 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.92-0.99), 1.00 (95% CI: 0.98-1.00), 483.87 (95% CI: 58.04-4033.76), and 0.03 (95% CI:0.01-0.08), respectively. Those for the RT-LAMP test were 0.95 (95% CI: 0.91-0.97), 0.99 (95% CI: 0.93-1.00), 111.18 (95% CI: 13.96-885.27), and 0.05 (95% CI: 0.03-0.09), respectively. Both RT-PCR and RT-LAMP have high diagnostic value in SFTS and can be applied in different scenarios for laboratory confirmation or on-site screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Tian
- Center of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Xingxiang Ren
- Center of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Xu Gao
- Center of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Disease, Beijing Ditan HospitalCaptital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Zhihai Chen
- Center of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Wei Zhang
- Center of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
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4
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Lee J, Park K, Kim J, Lee SH, Lee GY, Cho S, Kim HC, Klein TA, Kim JA, Choi J, Park J, Song DH, Gu SH, Yun H, Kim JE, Lee D, Hur GH, Jeong ST, Hwang IU, Kim WK, Song JW. Whole-genome sequencing and genetic diversity of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus using multiplex PCR-based nanopore sequencing, Republic of Korea. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010763. [PMID: 36094957 PMCID: PMC9499217 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
Whole-genome sequencing plays a critical role in the genomic epidemiology intended to improve understanding the spread of emerging viruses. Dabie bandavirus, causing severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS), is a zoonotic tick-borne virus that poses a significant public health threat. We aimed to evaluate a novel amplicon-based nanopore sequencing tool to obtain whole-genome sequences of Dabie bandavirus, also known as SFTS virus (SFTSV), and investigate the molecular prevalence in wild ticks, Republic of Korea (ROK).
Principal findings
A total of 6,593 ticks were collected from Gyeonggi and Gangwon Provinces, ROK in 2019 and 2020. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction revealed the presence of SFSTV RNA in three Haemaphysalis longicornis ticks. Two SFTSV strains were isolated from H. longicornis captured from Pocheon and Cheorwon. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction-based nanopore sequencing provided nearly full-length tripartite genome sequences of SFTSV within one hour running. Phylogenetic and reassortment analyses were performed to infer evolutionary relationships among SFTSVs. Phylogenetic analysis grouped SFTSV Hl19-31-4 and Hl19-31-13 from Pocheon with sub-genotype B-1 in all segments. SFTSV Hl20-8 was found to be a genomic organization compatible with B-1 (for L segment) and B-2 (for M and S segments) sub-genotypes, indicating a natural reassortment between sub-genotypes.
Conclusion/Significance
Amplicon-based next-generation sequencing is a robust tool for whole-genome sequencing of SFTSV using the nanopore platform. The molecular prevalence and geographical distribution of SFTSV enhanced the phylogeographic map at high resolution for sophisticated prevention of emerging SFTS in endemic areas. Our findings provide important insights into the rapid whole-genome sequencing and genetic diversity for the genome-based diagnosis of SFTSV in the endemic outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyeong Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungmin Park
- Department of Microbiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongwoo Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Ho Lee
- Chem-Bio Technology Center, Agency for Defense Development, Yuseong, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Geum-Young Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungchan Cho
- Department of Microbiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Heung-Chul Kim
- Force Health Protection and Preventive Medicine, Medical Department Activity-Korea/65th Medical Brigade, Unit 15281, United States of America
| | - Terry A. Klein
- Force Health Protection and Preventive Medicine, Medical Department Activity-Korea/65th Medical Brigade, Unit 15281, United States of America
| | - Jeong-Ah Kim
- Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Bureau of Infectious Diseases Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeewan Choi
- Republic of Korea Armed Forces Medical Command, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Juwan Park
- The Fifth Preventive Medicine Unit of Republic of Korea Army, Pocheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hyun Song
- Chem-Bio Technology Center, Agency for Defense Development, Yuseong, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Hun Gu
- Chem-Bio Technology Center, Agency for Defense Development, Yuseong, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeongseok Yun
- Chem-Bio Technology Center, Agency for Defense Development, Yuseong, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Eun Kim
- Chem-Bio Technology Center, Agency for Defense Development, Yuseong, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Daesang Lee
- Chem-Bio Technology Center, Agency for Defense Development, Yuseong, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeung Haeng Hur
- Chem-Bio Technology Center, Agency for Defense Development, Yuseong, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Tae Jeong
- Chem-Bio Technology Center, Agency for Defense Development, Yuseong, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Ung Hwang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sheikh Khalifa Specialty Hospital, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Keun Kim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Medical Research, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Won Song
- Department of Microbiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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5
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Activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and elevation of interleukin-1β secretion in infection by sever fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2573. [PMID: 35173184 PMCID: PMC8850576 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06229-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) is an emerging phlebovirus that causes a hemorrhagic fever known as the severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS). Inflammasomes are a molecular platform that are assembled to process pro-caspase 1 and subsequently promote secretion of interleukin (IL)-1β/IL-18 for proinflammatory responses induced upon infection. We hypothesize that inflammasome activation and pyroptosis induced in SFTS results in elevated levels of IL-1β/IL-18 responsible for high fever and hemorrhage in the host, characteristic of SFTS. Here we report that IL-1β secretion was elevated in SFTS patients and infected mice and IL-1β levels appeared to be reversibly associated to disease severity and viral load in patients’ blood. Increased caspase-1 activation, IL-1β/IL-18 secretion, cell death, and processing of gasdermin D were detected, indicating that pyroptosis was induced in SFTSV-infected human peripheral blood monocytes (PBMCs). To characterize the mechanism of pyroptosis induction, we knocked down several NOD-like receptors (NLRs) with respective shRNAs in PBMCs and showed that the NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome was critical for processing pro-caspase-1 and pro-IL-1β. Our data with specific inhibitors for NLRP3 and caspase-1 further showed that activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome was key to caspase-1 activation and IL-1β secretion which may be inhibitory to viral replication in PBMCs infected with SFTSV. The findings in this study suggest that the activation of the NLPR3 inflammasome and pyroptosis, leading to IL-1β/IL-18 secretion during the SFTSV infection, could play important roles in viral pathogenesis and host protection. Pyroptosis as part of innate immunity might be essential in proinflammatory responses and pathogenicty in humans infected with this novel phlebovirus.
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6
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Hu L, Li J, Zhang H, Bian T, Pan J, Li J, Xu X, Gao Y, Chen G, Ye Y, Li J. Predisposing Factors for Person-to-Person Transmission of Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Bunyavirus. J Hosp Infect 2021; 123:174-178. [PMID: 34767872 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2021.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Person-to-person transmission of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) is a new threat to human health. Here we report an outbreak of nosocomial person-to-person transmission of SFTS. Among eight persons with face-to-face contact distance ≤50 centimeters and/or exposure time ≥30 minutes to the index patient, six became were infected. Only one of the 17 persons with exposure distance ≥ 50 centimeters and exposure time ≤ 30 minutes was infected (75% vs. 6.25%, p <0.001). Epidemiological investigation revealed high viral load, bloody secretions and bleeding, exposure time and distance as the key factors in person-to-person transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Hu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Anhui Center for Surveillance of Bacterial Resistance, Hefei, Anhui, China; Institute of Bacterial Resistance, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - J Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - H Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - T Bian
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - J Pan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - J Li
- Anhui Center for Surveillance of Bacterial Resistance, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - X Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Y Gao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - G Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Y Ye
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.
| | - J Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Anhui Center for Surveillance of Bacterial Resistance, Hefei, Anhui, China; Institute of Bacterial Resistance, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.
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7
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Jalal S, Hwang SY, Kim CM, Kim DM, Yun NR, Seo JW, Young Kim D, Jung SI, Kim UJ, Kim SE, Kim HA, Kim ES, Hur J, Kim YK, Jeong HW, Heo JY, Jung DS, Kim J, Park SH, Kwak YG, Lee S, Lim S, Lee SH. Comparison of RT-PCR, RT-nested PCRs, and real-time PCR for diagnosis of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome: a prospective study. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16764. [PMID: 34408188 PMCID: PMC8373928 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96066-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
We designed a highly sensitive reverse transcription nested polymerase chain reaction targeting the M-segment (NPCR-M) of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) virus. NPCR-M was performed in parallel with three other referenced PCR assays QPCR-S, PCR-M, and NPCR-S to assess their clinical usefulness as routine diagnostic techniques for SFTS. In this multi-centered prospective study, 122 blood samples from 38 laboratory-confirmed SFTS patients and 85 control samples were used. The results demonstrated that QPCR-S and NPCR-S had better sensitivity rate up to 21 days after symptom onset however, the PCR-M showed poor sensitivity after 7 days of symptom onset. Our designed NPCR-M had a higher detection rate up to 40 days from symptom onset and revealed the persistence of SFTSV RNA in the early convalescent phase. No false-positive results were seen for the control samples. Additionally, NPCR-M showed positive results for a sample that initially showed negative results from other PCRs and for many other samples collected in the convalescent phase of SFTS. Our designed nested PCR is suitable for SFTSV detection in patients’ blood collected in the acute and early convalescent phase of SFTS, and shows better sensitivity and high specificity even up to 40 days after symptom onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sehrish Jalal
- Department of Bio-Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Yeon Hwang
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Chosun University, 588 Seosuk-dong, Dong-gu, Gwangju, 61453, Republic of Korea
| | - Choon-Mee Kim
- Premedical Science, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Min Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Chosun University, 588 Seosuk-dong, Dong-gu, Gwangju, 61453, Republic of Korea.
| | - Na Ra Yun
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Chosun University, 588 Seosuk-dong, Dong-gu, Gwangju, 61453, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Won Seo
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Chosun University, 588 Seosuk-dong, Dong-gu, Gwangju, 61453, Republic of Korea
| | - Da Young Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Chosun University, 588 Seosuk-dong, Dong-gu, Gwangju, 61453, Republic of Korea
| | - Sook In Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Uh Jin Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Eun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ah Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Eu Suk Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jian Hur
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University Medical Center, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Keun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Won Jeong
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Yeon Heo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Sik Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jieun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Hee Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yee Gyung Kwak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Sujin Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungjin Lim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Hee Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Pusan, Republic of Korea
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Zhang L, Fu Y, Zhang R, Guan Y, Jiang N, Zheng N, Wu Z. Nonstructural Protein NSs Hampers Cellular Antiviral Response through LSm14A during Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus Infection. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 207:590-601. [PMID: 34244294 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The nonstructural protein (NSs) of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) plays multiple functions in the virus life cycle. Proteomic screening for host proteins interacting with NSs identified the cellular protein LSm14A. LSm14A, a member of the LSm family involved in RNA processing in the processing bodies, binds to viral RNA or synthetic homolog and mediates IFN regulatory factor 3 activation and IFN-β induction. NSs interacted with and colocalized with LSm14A, and this interaction effectively inhibited downstream phosphorylation and dimerization of IFN regulatory factor 3, resulting in the suppression of antiviral signaling and IFN induction in several cell types of human origin. Knockdown of NSs resulted in the suppression of SFTSV replication in host cells. Viral RNA bound to LSm14A-NSs protein complex during the interaction. A newly discovered LRRD motif of NSs functioned to interact with LSm14A. Altogether, our data demonstrated a mechanism used by SFTSV to inhibit host innate immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Center for Public Health Research, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxuan Fu
- Center for Public Health Research, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Center for Public Health Research, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yajie Guan
- Center for Public Health Research, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Jiang
- Center for Public Health Research, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Zheng
- Center for Public Health Research, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China; .,State Key Lab of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China; and.,Medical School and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiwei Wu
- Center for Public Health Research, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China; .,State Key Lab of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China; and.,Medical School and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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9
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Hu L, Kong Q, Yue C, Xu X, Xia L, Bian T, Liu Y, Zhang H, Ma X, Yin H, Sun Q, Gao Y, Ye Y, Li J. Early-Warning Immune Predictors for Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis in Severe Patients With Severe Fever With Thrombocytopenia Syndrome. Front Immunol 2021; 12:576640. [PMID: 34025635 PMCID: PMC8138034 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.576640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus-related disease was confirmed to be associated with immune disorders in patients, severe patients with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) infected by novel phlebovirus were confirmed to have severe immune damage including cellular immunosuppression and cytokine storms. Secondary invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) in severe SFTS patients can increase fatality rate. This study investigated early-warning predictive factors of secondary IPA in severe SFTS patients. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was used to assess the value of immune parameters to predict IPA in SFTS patients. The cut-off values of CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell counts to predict IPA were 68 and 111 cells/mm3, with sensitivities of 82.6% and 72%, and specificities of 56.7% and 83.3%, respectively. Cut-off values of IL-6, TNF-α, IL-8, and IL-10 to predict IPA incidence in critically ill SFTS patients were 99 pg/mL, 63 pg/mL, 120 pg/mL, and 111 pg/mL, with sensitivities of 90.0%, 86.7%, 83.3% and 90.0% and specificities of 80.4%, 71.7%, 82.6% and 65.2%, respectively. Lower CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells counts, higher levels of IL-6, TNF-α, IL-8 and IL-10, higher incidence of pancreatic and renal damage, early antibacterial therapy of carbapenems, and intensive care unit admission were risk factors of IPA in SFTS patients. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated counts of CD4+ T-cells <68 cells/mm3 combined with CD8+ T-cells <111 cells/mm3 (odds ratio [OR] 0.218, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.059–0.803, p=0.022), IL-6 >99 pg/ml combined with IL-10 >111 pg/ml (OR 17.614, 95% CI 2.319–133.769, p=0.006), and brain natriuretic peptide level >500 pg/ml (OR 13.681, 95% CI 1.994–93.871, p=0.008) were independent risk factors for IPA in SFTS patients. The mortality in the IPA group was significantly higher than in the non-IPA group (p=0.001). Early antifungal treatment of IPA patients was significantly associated with improved survival (log-rank, p=0.022). Early diagnosis of IPA and antifungal treatment can improve the prognosis of SFTS patients. Besides, we speculate SFTS may be as a host factor for IPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifen Hu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Qinxiang Kong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Chengcheng Yue
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xihai Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Lingling Xia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Tingting Bian
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yanyan Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xuejiao Ma
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Huafa Yin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Qiulin Sun
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yufeng Gao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ying Ye
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jiabin Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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10
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Sharma D, Kamthania M. A new emerging pandemic of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS). Virusdisease 2021; 32:220-227. [PMID: 33942022 PMCID: PMC8082055 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-021-00656-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to make aware every one of the deadliest diseases named severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS). It has become the worldwide pandemic in recent few years. It is a kind of haemorrhagic fever, caused by SFTS virus (SFTSV), a novel phlebovirus of family Bunyaviridae. This syndrome is also a tick-borne zoonosis that means the virus transmitted from tick bite (having virus) into human body, i.e. infection spread from animals to humans and also transmitted from human to human. Epidemiological data of SFTS was collected to know the nature/symptoms of SFTSV. First case of this disease has been reported in China, followed by Japan, South korea, Taiwan, USA and many other countries. Vertebrates are the host of this disease and tick functions as a vector, where the virus can undergo brisk changes using gene mutation, homologous recombination and reassortments. The major symptoms of hemorrhagic fever are fever, thrombocytopenia, leucopenia and gastrointestinal abnormalities. Sometimes in very severe cases, full body organ failure may also take place and average death rate in humans is nearly 10 %. Old aged peoples are more prone to SFTSV infection. Apart from the fact of increasing SFTSV related health problems to humans, the pathogenesis of SFTS virus in human is not entirely understood and no treatment to this virus is still available. The simplest way to protect our self from this infection is to refrain from tick bite. Therefore, this disease has evolved to produce serious health issues to humans in various countries of world including china. This review discussing about causative agent, epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of SFTS. In order to control the spread of SFTSV, we have to stop the viral transmission or to protect the easily vulnerable population from tick bites, avoiding direct contact of infectious and also to use personal protective devices for SFTS patients. So, the weather conditions, mode of transmission and creation of new therapeutics like vaccines and drugs are the main areas of forthcoming research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Sharma
- Department of Life Sciences, IAMR College, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Mohit Kamthania
- Department of Life Sciences, IAMR College, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh India
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11
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Sano S, Fukushi S, Yamada S, Harada S, Kinoshita H, Sugimoto S, Yoshikawa T, Kurosu T, Takamatsu Y, Shimojima M, Toda S, Hamada Y, Fujisawa N, Sugimoto T, Saijo M. Development of an RT-LAMP Assay for the Rapid Detection of SFTS Virus. Viruses 2021; 13:v13040693. [PMID: 33923720 PMCID: PMC8073756 DOI: 10.3390/v13040693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Detection of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) virus (SFTSV) during the early phase of the disease is important for appropriate treatment, infection control, and prevention of further transmission. The reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) is a nucleic acid amplification method that amplifies the target sequence under isothermal conditions. Here, we developed an RT-LAMP with a novel primer/probe set targeting a conserved region of the SFTSV L segment after extraction of viral RNA (standard RT-LAMP). Both the Chinese and Japanese SFTSV strains, including various genotypes, were detected by the standard RT-LAMP. We also performed RT-LAMP using the same primer/probe set but without the viral RNA extraction step (called simplified RT-LAMP) and evaluated the diagnostic efficacy. The sensitivity and specificity of the simplified RT-LAMP were 84.9% (45/53) and 89.5% (2/19), respectively. The simplified RT-LAMP can detect SFTSV in human sera containing >103.5 copies/mL viral RNA. The two RT-LAMP positive but quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) negative samples were positive in the conventional RT-PCR, suggesting that there was no false positive reaction in the RT-LAMP. Both the standard and simplified RT-LAMP are useful for detecting the SFTSV genome in patients during the early phase of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiori Sano
- Eiken Chemical Co., Ltd., 4-19-9 Taito, Taito-ku, Tokyo 110-8408, Japan;
| | - Shuetsu Fukushi
- Department of Virology 1, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan; (S.Y.); (S.H.); (H.K.); (S.S.); (T.Y.); (T.K.); (Y.T.); shimoji-@nih.go.jp (M.S.); (M.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-5285-1111; Fax: +81-3-5285-1180
| | - Souichi Yamada
- Department of Virology 1, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan; (S.Y.); (S.H.); (H.K.); (S.S.); (T.Y.); (T.K.); (Y.T.); shimoji-@nih.go.jp (M.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Shizuko Harada
- Department of Virology 1, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan; (S.Y.); (S.H.); (H.K.); (S.S.); (T.Y.); (T.K.); (Y.T.); shimoji-@nih.go.jp (M.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Hitomi Kinoshita
- Department of Virology 1, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan; (S.Y.); (S.H.); (H.K.); (S.S.); (T.Y.); (T.K.); (Y.T.); shimoji-@nih.go.jp (M.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Satoko Sugimoto
- Department of Virology 1, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan; (S.Y.); (S.H.); (H.K.); (S.S.); (T.Y.); (T.K.); (Y.T.); shimoji-@nih.go.jp (M.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Tomoki Yoshikawa
- Department of Virology 1, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan; (S.Y.); (S.H.); (H.K.); (S.S.); (T.Y.); (T.K.); (Y.T.); shimoji-@nih.go.jp (M.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Takeshi Kurosu
- Department of Virology 1, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan; (S.Y.); (S.H.); (H.K.); (S.S.); (T.Y.); (T.K.); (Y.T.); shimoji-@nih.go.jp (M.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Yuki Takamatsu
- Department of Virology 1, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan; (S.Y.); (S.H.); (H.K.); (S.S.); (T.Y.); (T.K.); (Y.T.); shimoji-@nih.go.jp (M.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Masayuki Shimojima
- Department of Virology 1, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan; (S.Y.); (S.H.); (H.K.); (S.S.); (T.Y.); (T.K.); (Y.T.); shimoji-@nih.go.jp (M.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Shoichi Toda
- Yamaguchi Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Environment, 2-5-67 Aoi Yamaguchi, Yamaguchi 753-0821, Japan;
| | - Yuka Hamada
- Kagoshima Prefectural Institute for Environmental Research and Public Health, 11-40, Kinko-cho, Kagoshima City, Kagoshima 892-0836, Japan;
| | - Naoki Fujisawa
- Shimane Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Environmental Science, 582-1, Nishihamasada-cho, Matsue, Shimane 690-0122, Japan;
| | - Takayuki Sugimoto
- Miyazaki Prefectural Institute for Public Health and Environment, 2-3-2, Gakuenkibanadainishi, Miyazaki City, Miyazaki 889-2155, Japan;
| | - Masayuki Saijo
- Department of Virology 1, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan; (S.Y.); (S.H.); (H.K.); (S.S.); (T.Y.); (T.K.); (Y.T.); shimoji-@nih.go.jp (M.S.); (M.S.)
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12
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Baseline mapping of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virology, epidemiology and vaccine research and development. NPJ Vaccines 2020; 5:111. [PMID: 33335100 PMCID: PMC7746727 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-020-00257-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) is a newly emergent tick-borne bunyavirus first discovered in 2009 in China. SFTSV is a growing public health problem that may become more prominent owing to multiple competent tick-vectors and the expansion of human populations in areas where the vectors are found. Although tick-vectors of SFTSV are found in a wide geographic area, SFTS cases have only been reported from China, South Korea, Vietnam, and Japan. Patients with SFTS often present with high fever, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia, and in some cases, symptoms can progress to severe outcomes, including hemorrhagic disease. Reported SFTSV case fatality rates range from ~5 to >30% depending on the region surveyed, with more severe disease reported in older individuals. Currently, treatment options for this viral infection remain mostly supportive as there are no licensed vaccines available and research is in the discovery stage. Animal models for SFTSV appear to recapitulate many facets of human disease, although none of the models mirror all clinical manifestations. There are insufficient data available on basic immunologic responses, the immune correlate(s) of protection, and the determinants of severe disease by SFTSV and related viruses. Many aspects of SFTSV virology and epidemiology are not fully understood, including a detailed understanding of the annual numbers of cases and the vertebrate host of the virus, so additional research on this disease is essential towards the development of vaccines and therapeutics.
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13
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Development and evaluation of a rapid detection assay for severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus based on reverse-transcription recombinase polymerase amplification. Mol Cell Probes 2020; 52:101580. [PMID: 32330556 PMCID: PMC7172814 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2020.101580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Rapid detection of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) is crucial for its control and surveillance. In this study, a rapid isothermal real-time reverse-transcription recombinase polymerase amplification (RT-RPA) assay was developed for the detection of SFTSV. The detection limit at 95% probability was 241 copies per reaction. A test of 120 serum samples of suspected severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) patients revealed that the sensitivity and specificity of the RT-RPA assay was approximately 96.00% (95%CI: 80.46%–99.79%) and 98.95% (95% CI: 94.28%–99.95%), respectively; the kappa value was 0.9495 (P<0.001). The Bland-Altman analysis showed that 87.50% of the different data points were located within the 95% limits of agreement, indicating a good correlation between the results from RT-RPA assays and those of RT-qPCR assays. In conclusion, the rapid and efficient RT-RPA assay can be a promising candidate for point-of-care detection method of SFTSV. A RT-RPA assay was developed to detect SFTSV RNA isothermally. The assay can rapidly produce a result in 15 min at 39 °C. The detection limit of the assay is 241 RNA sequences. The results of RT-RPA compare well with RT-qPCR. The RT-RPA assay may be used for field detection of SFTSV in resource-limited settings.
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14
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Susceptibility of spotted doves (Streptopelia chinensis) to experimental infection with the severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome phlebovirus. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2019; 13:e0006982. [PMID: 31276495 PMCID: PMC6636776 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV), an emerging human pathogen naturally transmitted by ticks, has spread widely since it was first detected in 2010. Although SFTSV-specific antibodies have been detected in wild birds, these natural reservoir and amplifying hosts for the virus have not been well studied. Methodology/Principle findings Here we report an experimental infection of spotted doves (Streptopelia chinensis) with two strains of SFTSV, JS2010-14, a Chinese lineage strain, and JS2014-16, a Japanese lineage strain, which represent the main viral genotypes currently circulating in East Asia. In these studies, we have determined that spotted doves are susceptible to SFTSV and the severity of the viremia is dose-dependent. When challenged with 107 and 105 PFU, all doves developed viremia which peaked 3–5 days post infection (dpi). Only a subset (25–62.5%) of the birds developed viremia when challenged at 103 PFU. Virulence of SFTSV in spotted doves was strain dependent. Infection with 107 PFU of strain JS2014-16 resulted in 12.5% mortality over 6.8 days and mean peak viremia titers of 106.9 PFU/mL in experimentally inoculated birds. All doves inoculated with 107 PFU of the JS2010-14 strain survived infection with relatively lower mean viremia titers (105.6 PFU/mL at peak) over 6.1 days. Conclusions/Significance Our results suggest that spotted doves, one of the most abundant bird species in China, could be a competent amplifying host for SFTSV and play an important role in its ecology. Between the two SFTSV strains, the strain of the Japanese lineage caused mortality, higher viremia titers in infected birds over a longer time period than did the Chinese strain. Our observations shed light on the ecology of SFTSV, which could benefit the implementation of surveillance and control programs. Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) is an emerging human pathogen naturally transmitted by ticks. Our recent study has showed that some species of migratory birds, such as swan geese and spotted doves, can be parasitized by Haemaphysalis longicornis, an SFTSV vector, and antibodies against the SFTSV detected in these species. These data demonstrate that migratory birds are infected with SFTSV and may also play a role in the infection of ticks with SFTSV. Other studies have reported that migratory bird routes and the distribution of H. longicornis in East Asia overlap with the geographic distribution of SFTSV. Migratory birds are known to be carriers and transmitters of infectious agents, like the causative agents of influenza, West Nile encephalitis, and Lyme disease. Wild birds often travel long distances carrying various parasites, including ticks, which may be infected with viruses and bacteria. It is therefore reasonable to hypothesize that migratory birds may have played an important role in spreading SFTSV in two potential transmission scenarios: 1) birds are infected with the virus and transmit it back to ticks endemically or in a distal region, or 2) they are carriers of parasitic ticks that are infected with the virus. Here we report an experimental infection of spotted doves (Streptopelia chinensis) with two strains of SFTSV, JS2010-14 from a Chinese lineage and JS2014-16 from a Japanese lineage, which represent the main viral genotypes currently circulating in East Asia. We determined that spotted doves are susceptible to SFTSV and that the severity of the viremia was dose and strain dependent. Infection with the strain of JS2014-16 led to a death rate of 12.5% and higher viremia titers in experimentally inoculated birds while doves inoculated with the JS2010-14 strain survived infection with relatively lower virus titers in the blood. These findings provide novel insights for understanding the rapid spread of the virus in a short time span, in particular the SFTSV strains from the Japanese lineage (genotype E).
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Hu J, Li Z, Cai J, Liu D, Zhang X, Jiang R, Guo X, Liu D, Zhang Y, Cui L, Shen J, Zhu F, Bao C. A Cluster of Bunyavirus-Associated Severe Fever With Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Cases in a Coastal Plain Area in China, 2015: Identification of a Previously Unidentified Endemic Region for Severe Fever With Thrombocytopenia Bunyavirus. Open Forum Infect Dis 2019; 6:ofz209. [PMID: 31211156 PMCID: PMC6559278 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofz209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is a typical tick-borne, natural focal disease. The natural foci of SFTS were considered to exist in hilly and mountainous areas before 2015. A cluster of 3 patients exposed to a patient with a fulminant disease consistent with SFTS occurred from July to August 2015 in Dongtai County, which is characterized by alluvial plains; this prompted investigation. Methods The epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory features of 4 patients in the cluster were analyzed. Serum samples from the indigenous healthy population and native domesticated animals were collected to conduct laboratory tests, along with small wild animals and ticks. Results In 3 secondary case patients, high fever, thrombocytopenia and leukopenia developed within 8-13 days after contact with blood or bloody secretions from the index patient; SFTS was then diagnosed by means of reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. Genomic sequencing and analysis of S and L segments of 2 viral strains isolated from 2 secondary case patients showed that they shared 99.8%-99.9% homology in nucleotide sequence. The seroprevalences among indigenous healthy population, native livestock, native poultry, and small wild animals was 0.74%, 17.54%, 6.67%, and 1.12%, respectively. Three questing ticks, 61 feeding ticks, and 178 small wild animals were collected in August 2015. Survey on tick density and seasonal fluctuation in 2016 showed that ticks were active from March to October. All ticks were identified as Haemaphysalis longicornis. Severe fever with thrombocytopenia bunyavirus (SFTSV)-specific RNA was detected in the ticks collected in 2016, and the minimum SFTSV infection rate in these ticks was 0.54% (1 of 185).Wild mammals and ticks collected in August 2015 tested negative for SFTSV-specific RNA. Conclusions Aside from hilly or mountainous area, a coastal plain was identified as the natural foci of SFTSV in Dongtai County, China. The involvement of migration in the evolution of SFTSV might lead to a transregional transmission event of SFTSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianli Hu
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing
| | - Zhifeng Li
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing
| | - Jiaping Cai
- Dongtai County Center for Disease Control and Prevention
| | - Donglin Liu
- Dongtai County Center for Disease Control and Prevention
| | - Xuefeng Zhang
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing
| | - Renjie Jiang
- Yancheng Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Dongtai, China
| | - Xilin Guo
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing
| | - Dapeng Liu
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing
| | - Yufu Zhang
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing
| | - Lunbiao Cui
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing
| | - Jinjin Shen
- Yancheng Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Dongtai, China
| | - Fengcai Zhu
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing
| | - Changjun Bao
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing
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Hong Y, Bai M, Qi X, Li C, Liang M, Li D, Cardona CJ, Xing Z. Suppression of the IFN-α and -β Induction through Sequestering IRF7 into Viral Inclusion Bodies by Nonstructural Protein NSs in Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Bunyavirus Infection. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 202:841-856. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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17
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The Regulation of Seventeen Inflammatory Mediators are Associated with Patient Outcomes in Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome. Sci Rep 2018; 8:159. [PMID: 29317732 PMCID: PMC5760584 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18616-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) as an emerging infection disease results in high morbidity and mortality in China. In this study, the circulating levels of 36 inflammatory mediators in 33 SFTS patients on days 3–7, 8–12 and 13–20 post-illness were measured by a multiplex Luminex® system dynamically. Among the patients, 15 severe patients recovered, 11 severe patients died within three weeks. We found IL-1RA, IL-6, IL-15, IL-10, TNF-α, IFN-γ, G-CSF, eotaxin, IL-8, IP-10, MCP-1, MIP-1α, MIP-1β and fractalkine were significantly upregulated in SFTS patients. Elevated IL-15 and eotaxin in SFTS patients were reported firstly. The highest levels of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines coexisted in fatal patients during the first week. Inflammatory mediators remained high levels when death occurred in fatal patients, they were recovered within three weeks in nonfatal patients. Our results showed the occurrence of inflammatory storm in SFTS patients were associated with the severity of SFTS. RANTES and PDGF were down regulated and remained significantly lower levels in fatal patients throughout the course of disease, the concentrations of RANTES and PDGF were remarkably positively correlated with the platelet count. Our results demonstrated that dysregulated inflammatory response was associated with disease pathogenesis and mortality in SFTS patients.
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Increased Prevalence of Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome in Eastern China Clustered with Multiple Genotypes and Reasserted Virus during 2010-2015. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6503. [PMID: 28747674 PMCID: PMC5529542 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06853-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is a novel tick-borne viral disease with high mortality. Since January 2010, we have conducted an epidemiological surveillance and etiological study of SFTS in Jiangsu and Anhui provinces. From January 2010 through December 2015, a total of 286 SFTS cases were confirmed in Jiangsu and Anhui provinces with a case fatality rate of 16.1%. The majority of confirmed SFTS cases were distributed in the border area of Jiangsu and Anhui provinces. Our findings suggest that the SFTS prevalence rate rose since 2010 and reached its highest in 2015. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that the majority of the SFTSV strains (83.6%) from Jiangsu and Anhui provinces belonged to genotypes A and D. Notably, we identified three strains of SFTSV clustered into the genotype E. This is the first report of the genotype E SFTSV strains in mainland of China. A reassortment between genotype A and D was found in the central region of the endemic areas, where three SFTSV genotypes (A, C and D) were co-circulating.
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Lu X, Wang L, Bai D, Li Y. Establishment of national reference for bunyavirus nucleic acid detection kits for diagnosis of SFTS virus. Virol J 2017; 14:32. [PMID: 28202038 PMCID: PMC5312432 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-017-0682-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) caused by SFTS virus (SFTSV) usually have a high fatality. At present no effective therapy or vaccine are available, so early diagnosis of SFTS is crucial to prevent and control SFTSV infection. This study aimed to establish a national reference for these diagnostic kits of SFTSV genome and make the diagnosis of the disease effective. METHODS Six SFTSV strains isolated from different regions, and five relative viruses with similar clinical manifestations were selected as positive and negative references and assessed using real time quantitative PCR (q-PCR) using specific primers and probe and two commercial kits. The stability of the references was also assessed at 37 °C, room temperature or -70 °C for 8 days, 14 days or 8 months respectively, or following several cycles of freezing-thawing. Collaborative calibration of the references was performed by three labs. RESULTS The references indicated good accuracy and specificity. The lowest detection limit was 102 U/mL. The accuracy was coefficient of variation less than 5%. The references were highly stable at high temperatures and after long storing and freezing-thawing treatment. CONCLUSIONS We successfully established a national reference with good accuracy, high specificity, sensitivity and stability, which can be applied for quality control of commercial SFTSV diagnostic kits, thus preventing and controlling SFTS. TRIAL REGISTRATION The references have been finished and it was retrospectively registered in the following article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Lu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Health for Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Health for Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongting Bai
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Health for Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhua Li
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Health for Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China.
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Zhan J, Wang Q, Cheng J, Hu B, Li J, Zhan F, Song Y, Guo D. Current status of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome in China. Virol Sin 2017; 32:51-62. [PMID: 28251515 PMCID: PMC6598917 DOI: 10.1007/s12250-016-3931-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging infectious disease caused by SFTS virus (SFTSV). SFTSV is associated with a high mortality rate and has been reported in China, South Korea and Japan. SFTSV undergoes rapid changes owing to evolution, gene mutations, and reassortment between different strains of SFTSV. In this review, we summarize the recent cases and general properties of SFTS, focusing on the epidemiology, genetic diversity, clinical features, and diagnostics of SFTSV in China. From 2010 to October 2016, SFTS cases were reported in 23 provinces of China, with increased numbers yearly. Infection and death cases are mainly found in central China, where the Haemaphysalis longicornis ticks are spread. The national average mortality rate of SFTS infection was 5.3%, with higher risk to elder people. The main epidemic period was from May to July, with a peak in May. Thus, SFTS reminds a significant public health problem, and development of prophylactic vaccines and effective antiviral drugs will be highly needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbo Zhan
- Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
- Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Jing Cheng
- Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430081, China
| | - Bing Hu
- Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Jing Li
- Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Faxian Zhan
- Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, 430079, China.
| | - Yi Song
- Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, 430079, China.
| | - Deyin Guo
- Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.
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Moming A, Zhang Y, Chang C, Yu H, Wang M, Hu Z, Deng F, Sun S. Antigenicity of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus nucleocapsid protein and its potential application in the virus serodiagnosis. Virol Sin 2017; 32:97-100. [PMID: 28120219 PMCID: PMC6598900 DOI: 10.1007/s12250-016-3928-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Abulimiti Moming
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Geneti ering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, China
| | - Yujiang Zhang
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, 830001, China
| | - Chenchen Chang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Geneti ering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, China
| | - Huan Yu
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Geneti ering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, China
| | - Meifang Wang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Geneti ering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, China
| | - Zhihong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Fei Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - Surong Sun
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Geneti ering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, China.
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Risk Factors for Bunyavirus-Associated Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome: A Community-Based Case-Control Study. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166611. [PMID: 27846273 PMCID: PMC5112944 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging infectious disease caused by a novel bunyavirus. Previous studies about risk factors for SFTSV infection have yielded inconsistent results, and behavior factors have not been fully clarified. Methods A community-based, 1:4 matched case-control study was carried out to investigate the risk factors for SFTS in China. Cases of SFTS were defined as laboratory-confirmed cases that tested positive for real-time PCR (RT-PCR) for severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome bunyavirus (SFTSV) or positive for IgM antibodies against SFTSV. Controls of four neighborhood subjects were selected by matching for sex, age, and occupation. Standardized questionnaires were used to collect detailed information about their demographics and risk factors for SFTSV infection. Results A total of 334 subjects participated in the study including 69 cases and 265 controls. The median age of the cases was 59.5 years, 55.1% were male, and 87.0% were farmers. No differences in demographics were observed between cases and controls. In the final multivariate analysis, tick bites two weeks prior to disease onset (OR = 8.04, 95%CI 3.34–19.37) and the presence of weeds and shrubs around the house (OR = 3.46, 95%CI 0.96–12.46) were found to be risk factors for SFTSV infection; taking preventative measures during outdoor activities (OR = 0.12, 95%CI 0.01–1.01) provided greater protection from SFTSV infection. Conclusions Our results further confirm that SFTSV is transmitted by tick bites and prove that preventative measures that reduce exposure to ticks can prevent SFTSV infection. More efforts should be directed toward health education and behavior change for high-risk populations, especially outdoor workers, in SFTS endemic areas.
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Li Z, Bao C, Hu J, Liu W, Wang X, Zhang L, Ji Z, Feng Z, Li L, Shen A, Liu X, Zhao H, Tan W, Zhou J, Qi X, Zhu Y, Tang F, Cardona CJ, Xing Z. Ecology of the Tick-Borne Phlebovirus Causing Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome in an Endemic Area of China. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2016; 10:e0004574. [PMID: 27035712 PMCID: PMC4818090 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is caused by SFTS virus (SFTSV), a tick-borne phlebovirus in family Bunyaviridae. Studies have found that humans, domestic and wildlife animals can be infected by SFTSV. However, the viral ecology, circulation, and transmission remain largely unknown. Methodology/Principal Findings Sixty seven human SFTS cases were reported and confirmed by virus isolation or immunofluorescence assay between 2011 and 2014. In 2013–2014 we collected 9,984 ticks from either vegetation or small wild mammals in the endemic area in Jiangsu, China, and detected SFTSV-RNA by real-time RT-PCR in both questing and feeding Haemaphysalis longicornis and H. flava. Viral RNA was identified in larvae of H. longicornis prior to a first blood meal, which has never been confirmed previously in nature. SFTSV-RNA and antibodies were also detected by RT-PCR and ELISA, respectively, in wild mammals including Erinaceus europaeus and Sorex araneus. A live SFTSV was isolated from Erinaceus europaeus captured during the off tick-feeding season and with a high SFTSV antibody titer. Furthermore, SFTSV antibodies were detected in the migratory birds Anser cygnoides and Streptopelia chinensis using ELISA. Conclusions/Significance The detection of SFTSV-RNA in non-engorged larvae indicated that vertical transmission of SFTSV in H. longicornis might occur in nature, which suggests that H. longicornis is a putative reservoir host of SFTSV. Small wild mammals such as Erinaceus europaeus and Sorex araneus could be infected by SFTSV and may serve as natural amplifying hosts. Our data unveiled that wild birds could be infected with SFTSV or carry SFTSV-infected ticks and thus might contribute to the long-distance spread of SFTSV via migratory flyways. These findings provide novel insights for understanding SFTSV ecology, reservoir hosts, and transmission in nature and will help develop new measures in preventing its rapid spread both regionally and globally. Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging hemorrhagic fever, caused by a tick-borne phlebovirus. Studies have found that a variety of domestic and wildlife animals can be infected by SFTS virus (SFTSV), but the natural reservoir host for the virus remains unclear. Although the SFTSV-RNA was identified in certain species of ticks or their larvae, contamination from their host animals cannot be excluded to be the source. We analyzed 9,984 ticks collected from vegetation or feeding mammals in 2013–2014 in Jiangsu province, an endemic area in China, and detected SFTSV-RNA in both parasitic and questing ticks. Interestingly, SFTSV-RNA was identified in larvae of Haemaphysalis longicornis, collected in vegetation without being blood fed, indicating a possibility of a vertical transmission of SFTSV in H. longicornisis in nature. We also detected SFTSV-RNA in four mammal species which may serve as natural amplifying hosts for SFTSV. In addition, we identified antibodies against the virus in two migratory bird species, suggesting wild birds, exposed to infected ticks, could spread the virus through flyways for long-distance transmission. These findings provide novel insights for understanding SFTSV ecology and transmission mechanism and help develop new measures to halt its rapid spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifeng Li
- Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanjing, China
| | - Changjun Bao
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianli Hu
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanjing, China
| | - Wendong Liu
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaochen Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhengmin Ji
- Jiangning Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Jiangning, China
| | - Zhi Feng
- Jiangning Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Jiangning, China
| | - Luxun Li
- Lishui Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Lishui, China
| | - Aihua Shen
- Lishui Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Lishui, China
| | - Xuejian Liu
- Xuyi Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Xuyi, China
| | - Hongjun Zhao
- Xuyi Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Xuyi, China
| | - Wenwen Tan
- Yixing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Yixing, China
| | - Jiangang Zhou
- Yixing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Yixing, China
| | - Xian Qi
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanjing, China
| | - Yefei Zhu
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanjing, China
| | - Fenyang Tang
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanjing, China
| | - Carol J. Cardona
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota at Twin Cities, Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Zheng Xing
- Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota at Twin Cities, Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Zhou H, Chen S, Qi Y, Wang M, Jia R, Zhu D, Liu M, Liu F, Chen X, Cheng A. Development and validation of a SYBR Green real-time PCR assay for rapid and quantitative detection of goose interferons and proinflammatory cytokines. Poult Sci 2015; 94:2382-7. [PMID: 26240389 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pev241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) based on SYBR-Green I binding is a quick, reliable, and easy method for analyzing small amounts of mRNA. Viral pathogens are recognized at the time of infection by pattern recognition receptors; thus, the inflammatory cytokines (IL1β, IL6, and IL18) and antiviral cytokines (IFNα, IFNγ) are secreted by innate immune cells and induced to respond to the pathogens. The objective of this study was to develop an effective and sensitive RT-qPCR assay for the rapid and accurate quantification of goose cytokines: IFNα, IFNγ, IL1β, IL6, and IL18. Subsequently, the established methods were employed to detect the immune response in agonist-stimulated goose spleen cells in vitro. These data indicated that the established RT-qPCR is a reliable method for determining relative gene expression. The results revealed that Imiquimod led to the significant upregulation of goose IFNα (P < 0.01), IFNγ (P < 0.01), IL1β (P < 0.01), IL6 (P < 0.01), and IL18 (P < 0.05). The established methods are important for scientific research and clinical applications, which require rapid and accurate results in a short period of time. The technique can potentially be used in the further research of goose molecular immunology, which will help us understand the interactions between hosts and pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhou
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China
| | - Shun Chen
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China
| | - Yulin Qi
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China
| | - Mingshu Wang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China
| | - Renyong Jia
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China
| | - Dekang Zhu
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China
| | - Mafeng Liu
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China
| | - Fei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyue Chen
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China
| | - Anchun Cheng
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China
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Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome, an emerging tick-borne zoonosis. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2014; 14:763-772. [DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(14)70718-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 310] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Development of a colloidal gold kit for the diagnosis of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus infection. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:530621. [PMID: 24826381 PMCID: PMC4009110 DOI: 10.1155/2014/530621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Revised: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
It is critical to develop a cost-effective detection kit for rapid diagnosis and on-site detection of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) infection. Here, an immunochromatographic assay (ICA) to detect SFTSV infection is described. The ICA uses gold nanoparticles coated with recombinant SFTSV for the simultaneous detection of IgG and IgM antibodies to SFTSV. The ICA was developed and evaluated by using positive sera samples of SFTSV infection (n = 245) collected from the CDC of China. The reference laboratory diagnosis of SFTSV infection was based on the "gold standard". The results demonstrated that the positive coincidence rate and negative coincidence rate were determined to be 98.4% and 100% for IgM and 96.7% and 98.6% for IgG, respectively. The kit showed good selectivity for detection of SFTSV-specific IgG and IgM with no interference from positive sera samples of Japanese encephalitis virus infection, Dengue virus infection, Hantavirus infection, HIV infection, HBV surface antigen, HCV antibody, Mycobacterium tuberculosis antibody, or RF. Based on these results, the ICS test developed may be a suitable tool for rapid on-site testing for SFTSV infections.
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Li Z, Hu J, Bao C, Li P, Qi X, Qin Y, Wang S, Tan Z, Zhu Y, Tang F, Zhou M. Seroprevalence of antibodies against SFTS virus infection in farmers and animals, Jiangsu, China. J Clin Virol 2014; 60:185-9. [PMID: 24793967 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2014.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Revised: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is a newly identified viral zoonosis caused by a phlebovirus. Most reported SFTS cases are farmers living in rural areas. The seroprevalence of SFTS virus in farmers has not been investigated. The current knowledge of SFTS virus seroprevalence in animals, especially in wild animals, is still poor. OBJECTIVES To investigate SFTS virus seroprevalence among farmers and a variety of animal species. STUDY DESIGN SFTS virus antibodies in sera were determined using a double-antigen sandwich ELISA. Serum samples were collected from 2547 farmers and 2741 animals in 6 SFTS-endemic counties from March 2012 to February 2013 in Jiangsu province. The farmer participants aged from 15 to 90 years. All of them were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. The animals sampled included 6 domesticated animal species and 2 wild animal species. RESULTS SFTSV antibodies were found in a total of 33 farmers (1.30%) and was more prevalent in males than in females (respectively 1.87% and 0.71%, P<0.01). The mean age of seropositive farmers was 56.5 years and seroprevalence increased gradually with age. Seroprevalence in animal species were: goats (66.8%), cattle (28.2%), dogs (7.4%), pigs (4.7%), chickens (1.2%), geese (1.7%), rodents (4.4%) and hedgehogs (2.7%). Multiple variable logistic regression analysis showed that grazing, grass mowing, raising cattle, age, farm work time and tick bites were risk factors for SFTS virus infection among farmers. CONCLUSIONS SFTSV readily infects humans with farming-related exposures as well as numerous domestic and wild animals. Serological results further suggest that the virus circulates widely in Jiangsu province.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifeng Li
- Department of Acute Infectious Diseases Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jianli Hu
- Department of Acute Infectious Diseases Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Changjun Bao
- Department of Acute Infectious Diseases Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Pengfei Li
- Clinical Laboratory, Jiangsu Province Hospital of TCM, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of TCM, 210000, China
| | - Xian Qi
- Department of Acute Infectious Diseases Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yuanfang Qin
- Department of Acute Infectious Diseases Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Shenjiao Wang
- Department of Acute Infectious Diseases Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zhongmin Tan
- Department of Acute Infectious Diseases Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yefei Zhu
- Department of Acute Infectious Diseases Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Fenyang Tang
- Department of Acute Infectious Diseases Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Minghao Zhou
- Department of Acute Infectious Diseases Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210009, China
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Liu S, Chai C, Wang C, Amer S, Lv H, He H, Sun J, Lin J. Systematic review of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome: virology, epidemiology, and clinical characteristics. Rev Med Virol 2013; 24:90-102. [PMID: 24310908 PMCID: PMC4237196 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.1776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Revised: 10/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) was firstly discovered in China in 2010, followed by several reports from many other countries worldwide. SFTS virus (SFTSV) has been identified as the causative agent of the disease and has been recognized as a public health threat. This novel Bunyavirus belongs to the Phlebovirus genus in the family Bunyaviridae. This review also describes the different aspects of virology, pathogenesis, epidemiology, and clinical symptoms on the basis of the published article surveillance data and phylogenetic analyses of viral sequences of large, medium, and small segments retrieved from database using mega 5.05, simplot 3.5.1, network 4.611, and epi information system 3.5.3 software. SFTS presents with fever, thrombocytopenia, leukocytopenia, and considerable changes in several serum biomarkers. The disease has 10 ∼ 15% mortality rate, commonly because of multiorgan dysfunction. SFTSV is mainly reported in the rural areas of Central and North-Eastern China, with seasonal occurrence from May to September, mainly targeting those of ≥50 years of age. A wide range of domesticated animals, including sheep, goats, cattle, pigs, dogs, and chickens have been proven seropositive for SFTSV. Ticks, especially Haemaphysalis longicornis, are suspected to be the potential vector, which have a broad animal host range in the world. More studies are needed to elucidate the vector–animal–human ecological cycle, the pathogenic mechanisms in high level animal models and vaccine development. © 2013 The Authors. Reviews in Medical Virology published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelan Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
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