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Ai L, Wang W, Teng Z. Advancements in the Worldwide Detection of Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus Infection from 2009 to 2023. China CDC Wkly 2023; 5:687-693. [PMID: 37593140 PMCID: PMC10427339 DOI: 10.46234/ccdcw2023.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is a growing concern as an emerging tick-borne infectious disease originating from the SFTS virus (SFTSV), a recent addition to the Phlebovirus genus under the family of bunyaviruses. SFTS is typically identified by symptoms such as fever, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, and gastrointestinal problems, accompanied by a potentially high case fatality rate. Thus, early and accurate diagnosis is essential for effective treatment and disease management. This review delves into the existing methodologies for SFTS detection, including pathogenic, molecular, and immunological technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Ai
- Institute of Microbiology Laboratory, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Institute of Microbiology Laboratory, Shanghai Institute of Preventive Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Teng
- Institute of Microbiology Laboratory, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Microbiology Laboratory, Shanghai Institute of Preventive Medicine, Shanghai, China
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2
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Souri M, Osaki T, Shimura Y, Ichikawa S, Mori M, Ogawa Y, Ichinose A. Identification of non-neutralizing anti-factor X autoantibodies in three Japanese cases of autoimmune acquired factor X deficiency. Haemophilia 2023; 29:555-563. [PMID: 36478471 DOI: 10.1111/hae.14711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Autoimmune factor X (FX or F10) deficiency (AiF10D) is an extremely rare acquired haemorrhagic disorder characterized by a severe reduction in FX activity due to autoantibodies against FX. AIM Anti-FX autoantibodies were investigated in four patients with suspected AiF10D, and their properties were analysed. METHODS AND RESULTS Anti-FX auto antibodies in plasma were detected by ELISA with three of four cases. One case of anti-FX autoantibody negativity was later diagnosed as AL-amyloidosis. IgG1 and IgG3 coexisted in all anti-FX autoantibodies of the three patients with AiF10D (cases X1, X2, and X3). Western blot analysis showed that the antibodies were bound to the FX light chain for cases X2 and X3, but the binding was weak for case X1. When the fusion proteins of a secretory luciferase with full-length FX or its γ-carboxylated glutamic acid (Gla) domain were added to the plasma of the three patients, both fusion proteins were immunoprecipitated as antigen-antibody complexes. Contrarily, the latter fusion protein produced in the presence of warfarin demonstrated a decrease in the collection rate, suggesting that their autoantibodies recognized the light chain and regions containing Gla residues. Since all three patients were essentially negative for FX inhibitors, it was concluded that the anti-FX autoantibodies for these cases were predominantly non-neutralizing. The concentration of the FX antigen also significantly reduced in these patients, suggesting that anti-FX autoantibodies promote the clearance of FX. CONCLUSION Immunological anti-FX autoantibody detection is highly recommended to ensure that AiF10D cases are not overlooked, and to start necessary immunosuppressive therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayoshi Souri
- Department of Molecular Patho-Biochemistry and Patho-Biology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan.,Japanese Collaborative Research Group on Autoimmune Coagulation Factor Deficiency supported by the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare, Yamagata, Japan.,Department of Public Health and Hygiene, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Osaki
- Department of Molecular Patho-Biochemistry and Patho-Biology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan.,Japanese Collaborative Research Group on Autoimmune Coagulation Factor Deficiency supported by the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare, Yamagata, Japan.,Department of Public Health and Hygiene, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Yuji Shimura
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Makiko Mori
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Toyama Prefectural Central Hospital, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Ogawa
- Japanese Collaborative Research Group on Autoimmune Coagulation Factor Deficiency supported by the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare, Yamagata, Japan.,Department of Hematology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Akitada Ichinose
- Department of Molecular Patho-Biochemistry and Patho-Biology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan.,Japanese Collaborative Research Group on Autoimmune Coagulation Factor Deficiency supported by the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare, Yamagata, Japan
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Valles SM, Strong CA, Emmitt RS, Culkin CT, Weeks RD Jr. Efficacy of the InvictDetect TM Immunostrip ® to Taxonomically Identify the Red Imported Fire Ant, Solenopsis invicta, Using a Single Worker Ant. Insects 2020; 11:E37. [PMID: 31906263 DOI: 10.3390/insects11010037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The early detection and identification of the red imported fire ant Solenopsis invicta are crucial to intercepting and preventing it from becoming established in new areas. Unfortunately, the visual identification of fire ants to species is difficult and ant samples must often be couriered to an expert for positive identification, which can delay control interventions. A lateral flow immunoassay that provides a rapid and portable method for the identification of S. invicta ants was developed and commercialized, and it is available from Agdia, Inc. under the trade name InvictDetectTM. While the test was 100% accurate when using the recommended minimum sample of three ant workers, InvictDetectTM was field tested for the first time while using homogenates prepared from single S. invicta workers to determine the effectiveness of the method under these non-recommended conditions. Disregarding social form, the false negative rate was 25.5% for an initial single worker ant test and 10% after a repeat test was performed. The InvictDetectTM false negative response was independent of worker weight. Though InvictDetectTM requires a minimum of three worker ants, the test improves upon current identification methods because it can be conducted in the field, be completed in 10–30 min, and requires no special training or expertise.
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Simon S, Worbs S, Avondet MA, Tracz DM, Dano J, Schmidt L, Volland H, Dorner BG, Corbett CR. Recommended Immunological Assays to Screen for Ricin-Containing Samples. Toxins (Basel) 2015; 7:4967-86. [PMID: 26703725 PMCID: PMC4690108 DOI: 10.3390/toxins7124858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Ricin, a toxin from the plant Ricinus communis, is one of the most toxic biological agents known. Due to its availability, toxicity, ease of production and absence of curative treatments, ricin has been classified by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) as category B biological weapon and it is scheduled as a List 1 compound in the Chemical Weapons Convention. An international proficiency test (PT) was conducted to evaluate detection and quantification capabilities of 17 expert laboratories. In this exercise one goal was to analyse the laboratories’ capacity to detect and differentiate ricin and the less toxic, but highly homologuous protein R. communis agglutinin (RCA120). Six analytical strategies are presented in this paper based on immunological assays (four immunoenzymatic assays and two immunochromatographic tests). Using these immunological methods “dangerous” samples containing ricin and/or RCA120 were successfully identified. Based on different antibodies used the detection and quantification of ricin and RCA120 was successful. The ricin PT highlighted the performance of different immunological approaches that are exemplarily recommended for highly sensitive and precise quantification of ricin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Simon
- CEA Saclay, Institute of Biology and Technologies of Saclay, Laboratory for Immunoanalytical Researches, Gif-sur-Yvette 91191 cedex, France.
| | - Sylvia Worbs
- Biological Toxins, Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Marc-André Avondet
- Federal Department of Defence, Civil Protection and Sport-SPIEZ Laboratory, Spiez 3700, Switzerland.
| | - Dobryan M Tracz
- Bacteriology & Enteric Diseases Division, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada,Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada.
| | - Julie Dano
- CEA Saclay, Institute of Biology and Technologies of Saclay, Laboratory for Immunoanalytical Researches, Gif-sur-Yvette 91191 cedex, France.
| | - Lisa Schmidt
- Bacteriology & Enteric Diseases Division, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada,Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada.
| | - Hervé Volland
- CEA Saclay, Institute of Biology and Technologies of Saclay, Laboratory for Immunoanalytical Researches, Gif-sur-Yvette 91191 cedex, France.
| | - Brigitte G Dorner
- Biological Toxins, Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Cindi R Corbett
- Bacteriology & Enteric Diseases Division, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada,Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada.
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada.
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Simon S, Fiebig U, Liu Y, Tierney R, Dano J, Worbs S, Endermann T, Nevers MC, Volland H, Sesardic D, Dorner MB. Recommended Immunological Strategies to Screen for Botulinum Neurotoxin-Containing Samples. Toxins (Basel) 2015; 7:5011-34. [PMID: 26703727 PMCID: PMC4690110 DOI: 10.3390/toxins7124860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) cause the life-threatening neurological illness botulism in humans and animals and are divided into seven serotypes (BoNT/A–G), of which serotypes A, B, E, and F cause the disease in humans. BoNTs are classified as “category A” bioterrorism threat agents and are relevant in the context of the Biological Weapons Convention. An international proficiency test (PT) was conducted to evaluate detection, quantification and discrimination capabilities of 23 expert laboratories from the health, food and security areas. Here we describe three immunological strategies that proved to be successful for the detection and quantification of BoNT/A, B, and E considering the restricted sample volume (1 mL) distributed. To analyze the samples qualitatively and quantitatively, the first strategy was based on sensitive immunoenzymatic and immunochromatographic assays for fast qualitative and quantitative analyses. In the second approach, a bead-based suspension array was used for screening followed by conventional ELISA for quantification. In the third approach, an ELISA plate format assay was used for serotype specific immunodetection of BoNT-cleaved substrates, detecting the activity of the light chain, rather than the toxin protein. The results provide guidance for further steps in quality assurance and highlight problems to address in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Simon
- CEA Saclay, Institute of Biology and Technologies of Saclay, Laboratory for Immunoanalytical Researches, Gif-sur-Yvette 91191 cedex, France.
| | - Uwe Fiebig
- Biological Toxins, Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, Seestrasse 10, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Yvonne Liu
- Division of Bacteriology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, a Centre of Medicines & Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire EN6 3QG, UK.
| | - Rob Tierney
- Division of Bacteriology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, a Centre of Medicines & Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire EN6 3QG, UK.
| | - Julie Dano
- CEA Saclay, Institute of Biology and Technologies of Saclay, Laboratory for Immunoanalytical Researches, Gif-sur-Yvette 91191 cedex, France.
| | - Sylvia Worbs
- Biological Toxins, Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, Seestrasse 10, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Tanja Endermann
- Biological Toxins, Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, Seestrasse 10, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Marie-Claire Nevers
- CEA Saclay, Institute of Biology and Technologies of Saclay, Laboratory for Immunoanalytical Researches, Gif-sur-Yvette 91191 cedex, France.
| | - Hervé Volland
- CEA Saclay, Institute of Biology and Technologies of Saclay, Laboratory for Immunoanalytical Researches, Gif-sur-Yvette 91191 cedex, France.
| | - Dorothea Sesardic
- Division of Bacteriology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, a Centre of Medicines & Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire EN6 3QG, UK.
| | - Martin B Dorner
- Biological Toxins, Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, Seestrasse 10, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
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Leng J, Ding Y, Shou C, Wu Z, Zhuo G, Wang K, Shen J, Huang S. Development of a novel anti ESAT-6 monoclonal antibody for screening of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Int J Clin Exp Med 2014; 7:4238-4243. [PMID: 25550937 PMCID: PMC4276195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a major global public health problem with an estimated one-third of the world's population infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, thus necessitating fast and accurate diagnosis of TB. However, the diagnosis of latent infection remains difficult due to the lack of a simple, reliable test for M. tuberculosis infection. The objective of the current study was to generate and characterize a novel monoclonal antibody (mAb) that specifically target the early secretory antigenic target 6 (ESAT-6) protein for tuberculosis (TB) immunological diagnosis. The BALB/c mice were immunized by a peptide with 13 amino acids (amino acid residues 24 to 36) of ESAT-6 protein. Stable hybridomas cell lines were established and mAb was identified by Western Blot, immunoprecipitation (IP) and Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In addition, this mouse mAb was used to coat plates, and biotin-labelled polyclonal antibodies were used to detect the antigens. Finally, the antibody was verified in 280 patient sputum culture supernatants and pleural effusion aspirates. The positive detection rate of the generated ESAT-6 mAb was 91% in the clinical diagnosis of tuberculosis pleural effusion, and this mAb had a sensitivity of 92.4% and a specificity of 100% in all M. tuberculosis cases. Our data indicated that the mAb generated in this study can potentially serve as a tool in the laboratory diagnosis of TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhang Leng
- Central Laboratory, Hangzhou First People’s Hospital (Affiliated Hangzhou Hospital, Nanjing Medical University)Hangzhou 310006, P.R. China
| | - Yu Ding
- Central Laboratory, Hangzhou First People’s Hospital (Affiliated Hangzhou Hospital, Nanjing Medical University)Hangzhou 310006, P.R. China
| | - Chengmin Shou
- Deparment of Endocrinology, Red Cross Hospital of HangzhouHangzhou 310003, P.R. China
| | - Zhigang Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou 310003, P.R. China
| | - Guangchao Zhuo
- Central Laboratory, Hangzhou First People’s Hospital (Affiliated Hangzhou Hospital, Nanjing Medical University)Hangzhou 310006, P.R. China
| | - Keyi Wang
- Central Laboratory, Hangzhou First People’s Hospital (Affiliated Hangzhou Hospital, Nanjing Medical University)Hangzhou 310006, P.R. China
| | - Junya Shen
- Central Laboratory, Hangzhou First People’s Hospital (Affiliated Hangzhou Hospital, Nanjing Medical University)Hangzhou 310006, P.R. China
| | - Sheng Huang
- Deparment of Pneumology, Hangzhou First People’s Hospital (Affiliated Hangzhou Hospital, Nanjing Medical University)Hangzhou 310006, P.R. China
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Abstract
Reactions of tryptophan residues in proteins with radical and other oxidative species frequently lead to cleavage of the indole ring, modifying tryptophan residues into N-formylkynurenine (NFK) and kynurenine. Tryptophan modification has been detected in physiologically important proteins and has been associated with a number of human disease conditions. Modified residues have been identified through various combinations of proteomic analyses, tryptic digestion, HPLC, and mass spectrometry. Here we present a novel, immunological approach using polyclonal antiserum for detection of NFK. The specificity of our antiserum is confirmed using photooxidation and radical-mediated oxidation of proteins with and without tryptophan residues. The sensitivity of our antiserum is validated through detection of NFK in photooxidized myoglobin (two tryptophan residues) and in carbonate radical-oxidized human SOD1, which contains a single tryptophan residue. Analysis of photooxidized milk also shows that our antiserum can detect NFK residues in a mixture of proteins. Results from mass spectrometric analysis of photooxidized myoglobin samples corroborate the immunological data, detecting an increase in NFK content as the extent of photooxidation increases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilyn Ehrenshaft
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
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