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Paudel S, Warner BE, Wang R, Adams-Haduch J, Reznik AS, Dou J, Huang Y, Gao YT, Koh WP, Bäckerholm A, Yuan JM, Shair KHY. Serologic Profiling Using an Epstein-Barr Virus Mammalian Expression Library Identifies EBNA1 IgA as a Prediagnostic Marker for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 2022; 28:5221-5230. [PMID: 36165913 PMCID: PMC9722633 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-22-1600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The favorable prognosis of stage I and II nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) has motivated a search for biomarkers for the early detection and risk assessment of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated NPC. Although EBV seropositivity is ubiquitous among adults, a spike in antibodies against select EBV proteins is a harbinger of NPC. A serologic survey would likely reveal which EBV antibodies could discriminate those at risk of developing NPC. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Lysates from a new EBV mammalian expression library were used in a denaturing multiplex immunoblot assay to survey antibodies against EBV in sera collected from healthy individuals who later developed NPC (incident cases) in a prospective cohort from Singapore and validated in an independent cohort from Shanghai, P.R. China. RESULTS We show that IgA against EBV nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1) discriminated incident NPC cases from matched controls with 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity up to 4 years before diagnosis in both Singapore and Shanghai cohorts. Incident NPC cases had a greater IgG repertoire against lytic-classified EBV proteins, and the assortment of IgA against EBV proteins detected by the immunoblot assay increased closer to diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS Although NPC tumors consistently harbor latent EBV, the observed heightened systemic and mucosal immunity against lytic-classified antigens years prior to clinical diagnosis is consistent with enhanced lytic transcription. We conclude that an expanding EBV mucosal reservoir (which can be latent and/or lytic) is a risk factor for NPC. This presents an opportunity to identify those at risk of developing NPC using IgA against EBNA1 as a biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarita Paudel
- Cancer Virology Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Benjamin E Warner
- Cancer Virology Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Renwei Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jennifer Adams-Haduch
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Alex S Reznik
- Cancer Virology Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jason Dou
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yufei Huang
- Cancer Virology Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yu-Tang Gao
- Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Woon-Puay Koh
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Alan Bäckerholm
- Cancer Virology Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jian-Min Yuan
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kathy H Y Shair
- Cancer Virology Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Corresponding author: Kathy H Y Shair, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, 5117 Centre Avenue, Suite 1.8, Pittsburgh, PA 15213,Tel: 412-623 7717,
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Circulating microRNAs as the Potential Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarkers for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13071160. [PMID: 35885944 PMCID: PMC9318750 DOI: 10.3390/genes13071160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
microRNAs are endogenous non-coding miRNAs, 19–25 nucleotides in length, that can be detected in the extracellular environment in stable forms, named circulating miRNAs (CIR-miRNAs). Since the first discovery of CIR-miRNAs, a large number of studies have demonstrated that the abnormal changes in its expression could be used to significantly distinguish nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) from healthy cells. We herein reviewed and highlighted recent advances in the study of CIR-miRNAs in NPC, which pointed out the main components serving as promising and effective biomarkers for NPC diagnosis and prognosis. Furthermore, brief descriptions of its origin and unique characteristics are provided.
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Current Status and Future Perspectives about Molecular Biomarkers of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13143490. [PMID: 34298701 PMCID: PMC8305767 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is a serious major public health problem in its endemic countries. Up to 80% of NPC patients with locally advanced disease or distant metastasis at diagnosis were associated with poor prognosis and with median survival less than 4 months. The mortality rate of NPC metastasis is up to 91%. To date, there is no available curative treatment or reliable early diagnosis or prognosis for NPC. Discovery and development of reliable early diagnosis and prognosis biomarkers for nasopharyngeal carcinoma are urgent needed. Hence, we have here listed the potential early diagnosis and prognosis biomarker candidates for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. This review will give an insight to readers on the progress of NPC biomarker discovery to date, as well as future prospective biomarker development and their translation to clinical use. Abstract Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an epithelial malignancy that shows a remarkable ethnic and geographical distribution. It is one of the major public health problems in some countries, especially Southern China and Southeast Asia, but rare in most Western countries. Multifactorial interactions such as Epstein–Barr virus infection, individual’s genetic susceptibility, as well as environmental and dietary factors may facilitate the pathogenesis of this malignancy. Late presentation and the complex nature of the disease have led it to become a major cause of mortality. Therefore, an effective, sensitive, and specific molecular biomarker is urgently needed for early disease diagnosis, prognosis, and prediction of metastasis and recurrence after treatment. In this review, we discuss the recent research status of potential biomarker discovery and the problems that need to be explored further for better NPC management. By studying the aberrant pattern of these candidate biomarkers that promote NPC development and progression, we are able to understand the complexity of this malignancy better, hence positing our stands better towards strategies that may provide a way forward to the discovery of more reliable and specific biomarkers for diagnosis and targeted therapeutic development.
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Coghill AE, Proietti C, Liu Z, Krause L, Bethony J, Prokunina-Olsson L, Obajemu A, Nkrumah F, Biggar RJ, Bhatia K, Hildesheim A, Doolan DL, Mbulaiteye SM. The Association between the Comprehensive Epstein-Barr Virus Serologic Profile and Endemic Burkitt Lymphoma. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2019; 29:57-62. [PMID: 31619404 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-19-0551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The discovery of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in Burkitt lymphoma tumors represented the first link between a virus and cancer in humans, but the underlying role of this virus in endemic Burkitt lymphoma remains unclear. Nearly all children in Burkitt lymphoma-endemic areas are seropositive for EBV, but only a small percentage develop disease. Variation in EBV-directed immunity could be an explanatory cofactor. METHODS We examined serum from 150 Burkitt lymphoma cases and 150 controls using a protein microarray that measured IgG and IgA antibodies against 202 sequences across the entire EBV proteome. Variation in the EBV-directed antibody repertoire between Burkitt lymphoma cases and controls was assessed using unpaired t tests. ORs quantifying the association between anti-EBV IgG response tertiles and Burkitt lymphoma status were adjusted for age, sex, and study year. RESULTS Thirty-three anti-EBV IgG responses were elevated in Burkitt lymphoma cases compared with controls (P ≤ 0.0003). Burkitt lymphoma-associated IgG elevations were strongest for EBV proteins involved in viral replication and antiapoptotic signaling. Specifically, we observed ORs ≥4 for BMRF1 (early antigen), BBLF1 (tegument protein), BHRF1 (Bcl-2 homolog), BZLF1 (Zebra), BILF2 (glycoprotein), BLRF2 [viral capsid antigen (VCA)p23], BDLF4, and BFRF3 (VCAp18). Adjustment for malaria exposure and inheritance of the sickle cell variant did not alter associations. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that the anti-EBV serologic profile in patients with Burkitt lymphoma is altered, with strong elevations in 33 of the measured anti-EBV IgG antibodies relative to disease-free children. IMPACT The Burkitt lymphoma-specific signature included EBV-based markers relevant for viral replication and antiapoptotic activity, providing clues for future Burkitt lymphoma pathogenesis research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna E Coghill
- Infections and Immunoepidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland. .,Cancer Epidemiology Program, Division of Population Sciences, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Carla Proietti
- Center for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, Australia
| | - Zhiwei Liu
- Infections and Immunoepidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Lutz Krause
- University of Queensland, Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jeff Bethony
- George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, D.C
| | - Ludmila Prokunina-Olsson
- Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Adeola Obajemu
- Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Francis Nkrumah
- Noguchi Memorial Institute, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Robert J Biggar
- Infections and Immunoepidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Kishor Bhatia
- Infections and Immunoepidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Allan Hildesheim
- Infections and Immunoepidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Denise L Doolan
- Center for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, Australia
| | - Sam M Mbulaiteye
- Infections and Immunoepidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland
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Li T, Guo X, Ji M, Li F, Wang H, Cheng W, Chen H, Ng M, Ge S, Yuan Y, Xia N. Establishment and validation of a two-step screening scheme for improved performance of serological screening of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Cancer Med 2018; 7:1458-1467. [PMID: 29479857 PMCID: PMC5911604 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), which is closely associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), is one of the most prevalent cancers in southeast China. Most NPC patients are diagnosed at late stage due to inconspicuous symptoms at the early stage, and the prognosis of these patients is poor. The early diagnosis rate of NPC could be significantly increased by serological screening, but the positive predictive value (PPV) is relatively low. A simple two-step serological screening scheme was established to improve the PPV of the screening strategy and was validated by a prospective cohort. Serum antibodies specific for EBNA1, Zta, Thymidine Kinase (TK), EAD, EAR, and VCA were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The combination of EBNA1/IgA and VCA/IgA was used in the first step of screening, and anti-early antigens (EAs) were used in the second step of screening. EAD/IgA was the most prominent marker in the second step of screening, and other anti-EAs were complementary to EAD/IgA. As validated by a prospective cohort including 4200 participants, using the combination of EAD/IgA and TK/IgA in the second step decreased the number of high-risk participants from 128 to 27, and increased the PPV from 4.69% to 18.52%, with only one very early-stage case missed. The two-step screening scheme provides a standardized approach for NPC screening with an improved PPV and may be used in future field studies. With this two-step serological screening method, more people benefit from the screening program without increasing the need for fiberoptic endoscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingdong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular DiagnosticsNational Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious DiseasesSchool of Public Health and School of Life ScienceXiamen UniversityXiamenFujianChina
| | - Xiaoyi Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular DiagnosticsNational Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious DiseasesSchool of Public Health and School of Life ScienceXiamen UniversityXiamenFujianChina
| | - Mingfang Ji
- Cancer Research Institute of Zhongshan CityZhongshanGuangdongChina
| | - Fugui Li
- Cancer Research Institute of Zhongshan CityZhongshanGuangdongChina
| | - Han Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular DiagnosticsNational Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious DiseasesSchool of Public Health and School of Life ScienceXiamen UniversityXiamenFujianChina
| | - Weimin Cheng
- Cancer Research Institute of Zhongshan CityZhongshanGuangdongChina
| | - Honglin Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious DiseasesDepartment of MicrobiologyLi Ka Shing, Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
| | - Munhon Ng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular DiagnosticsNational Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious DiseasesSchool of Public Health and School of Life ScienceXiamen UniversityXiamenFujianChina
| | - Shengxiang Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular DiagnosticsNational Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious DiseasesSchool of Public Health and School of Life ScienceXiamen UniversityXiamenFujianChina
| | - Yong Yuan
- Cancer Research Institute of Zhongshan CityZhongshanGuangdongChina
| | - Ningshao Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular DiagnosticsNational Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious DiseasesSchool of Public Health and School of Life ScienceXiamen UniversityXiamenFujianChina
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Coghill AE, Pfeiffer RM, Proietti C, Hsu WL, Chien YC, Lekieffre L, Krause L, Teng A, Pablo J, Yu KJ, Lou PJ, Wang CP, Liu Z, Chen CJ, Middeldorp J, Mulvenna J, Bethony J, Hildesheim A, Doolan DL. Identification of a Novel, EBV-Based Antibody Risk Stratification Signature for Early Detection of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma in Taiwan. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 24:1305-1314. [PMID: 29301829 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-1929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is necessary for the development of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). By adulthood, approximately 90% of individuals test EBV-positive, but only a fraction develop cancer. Factors that identify which individuals are most likely to develop disease, including differential antibody response to the virus, could facilitate detection at early stages when treatment is most effective.Methods We measured anti-EBV IgG and IgA antibody responses in 607 Taiwanese individuals. Antibodies were measured using a custom protein microarray targeting 199 sequences from 86 EBV proteins. Variation in response patterns between NPC cases and controls was used to develop an antibody-based risk score for predicting NPC. The overall accuracy [area under the curve (AUC)] of this risk score, and its performance relative to currently used biomarkers, was evaluated in two independent Taiwanese cohorts.Findings Levels of 60 IgA and 73 IgG anti-EBV antibodies differed between stage I/IIa NPC cases and controls (P < 0.0002). Risk prediction analyses identified antibody targets that best discriminated NPC status-BXLF1, LF2,BZLF1, BRLF1, EAd, BGLF2, BPLF1, BFRF1, and BORF1. When combined with currently used VCA/EBNA1 IgA biomarkers, the resulting risk score predicted NPC with 93% accuracy (95% CI, 87%-98%) in the general Taiwanese population, a significant improvement beyond current biomarkers alone (82%; 95% CI, 75%-90%, P ≤ 0.01). This EBV-based risk score also improved NPC prediction in genetically high-risk families (89%; 95% CI, 82%-96%) compared with current biomarkers (78%; 95% CI, 66%-90%, P ≤ 0.03).Interpretation We identified NPC-related differences in 133 anti-EBV antibodies and developed a risk score using this microarray dataset that targeted immune responses against EBV proteins from all stages of the viral life cycle, significantly improving the ability to predict NPC. Clin Cancer Res; 24(6); 1305-14. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna E Coghill
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland.
| | - Ruth M Pfeiffer
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Carla Proietti
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia.,Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, Australia
| | - Wan-Lun Hsu
- Genomics Research Center, Academica Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Epidemiology and Prevention Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Chu Chien
- Genomics Research Center, Academica Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institute, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Lea Lekieffre
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Lutz Krause
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Andy Teng
- Antigen Discovery Inc., Irvine, California
| | | | - Kelly J Yu
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Pei-Jen Lou
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Ping Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Zhiwei Liu
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Chien-Jen Chen
- Genomics Research Center, Academica Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Epidemiology and Prevention Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Jason Mulvenna
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jeff Bethony
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Tropical Medicine, George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Allan Hildesheim
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Denise L Doolan
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia. .,Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, Australia
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Kadry DY, Khorshed AM, Rashed RA, Mokhtar NM. Association of Viral Infections with Risk of Human Lymphomas, Egypt. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2017; 17:1705-12. [PMID: 27221841 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2016.17.4.1705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to determine and evaluate the association of different viral infections, with hepatitis B and C viruses, Epstein-Barr virus, cytomegalovirus and human herpes virus-8 (HBV, HCV, EBV, CMV, HHV-8) with the risk of lymphomas (Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin) among Egyptian patients, and correlate with the histopathological staging and typing as well as the prevalence of combined infections. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 100 newly diagnosed lymphoma patients with 100 healthy age and sex matched normal controls were assayed for viral infection using enzyme linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) followed by real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS Our results showed a high statistical significant difference between cases and controls as regards clinical and laboratory findings (<0.001 and=0.003). A high statistical difference was seen for the association of most viruses and lymphoma cases (<0.001) except for positive HBs Ag, positive CMV IgG and HHV-8 (p=0.37, 0.70 and 1.0 respectively). No statistical significant difference was found between Hodgkin (HL) and non-Hodgkin (NHL) as regards viral prevalence except HCV antigen, 57.1% for HL and 26.5% for NHL (p = 0.03). Only, HBV DNA showed a high significant value among infiltrated bone marrow cases (p=0.003) and finally, a high significant association of 2 combined viral infections with infiltrated bone marrow lymphoma cases (p=0.04). CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that infection with HBV, HCV, CMV and EBV were associated with increased risk of lymphoma among the Egyptian population. Detection of new associations between infectious agents and risk of cancer development will facilitate progress in elaboration of prophylactic measures, early diagnostic methods and, hopefully, novel therapy of malignant tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia Y Kadry
- Clinical Pathology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Caior, Egypt E-mail :
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8
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Ramayanti O, Juwana H, Verkuijlen SAMW, Adham M, Pegtel MD, Greijer AE, Middeldorp JM. Epstein-Barr virus mRNA profiles and viral DNA methylation status in nasopharyngeal brushings from nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients reflect tumor origin. Int J Cancer 2016; 140:149-162. [PMID: 27600027 PMCID: PMC5129462 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is 100% associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) as oncogenic driver. NPC is often diagnosed late due to initial vague complaints and obscured location. Prior studies suggest that measurement of EBV DNA load and RNA transcripts in nasopharyngeal (NP) brushings is useful for minimally invasive NPC diagnosis. However, whether these EBV markers relate to local virus replication or reflect tumor origin remains to be demonstrated. To resolve this, we analysed EBV-DNA characteristics and quantified latent and lytic viral RNA transcripts in NP brushings and matching frozen NP-biopsy specimens from patients suspected of having NPC. We observed non-fragmented and Cp-promotor methylated EBV-DNA in both NP brushings and biopsies suggestive of tumor origin. Using quantitative RT-PCR we determined expression levels of 7 critical latent (EBER1, Qp-EBNA1, EBNA2, BART, LMP1, LMP2, BARF1) and 5 lytic (Zta, Rta, TK, PK and VCA-p18) RNA transcripts. Although latent and early lytic RNA transcripts were frequently detected in conjunction with high EBV viral load, in both brushings and biopsies the latent transcripts prevailed and reflected a typical NPC-associated latency-II transcription profile without EBNA2. Late lytic RNA transcripts were rare and detected at low levels mainly in NP brushings, suggestive of abortive viral reactivation rather than complete virus replication. EBV-IgA serology (EBNA1, VCA, Zta) did not correlate to the level of viral reactivation in situ. Overall, viral RNA profiling, DNA fragmentation and methylation analysis in NP brushings and parallel biopsies indicate that NP brush sampling provides a true and robust indicator of NPC tumor presence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Octavia Ramayanti
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hedy Juwana
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Marlinda Adham
- ENT Department, University of Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Michiel D Pegtel
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Astrid E Greijer
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap M Middeldorp
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Fabrication of multiwalled carbon nanotubes–magnetite nanocomposite as an effective ultra-sensing platform for the early screening of nasopharyngeal carcinoma by luminescence immunoassay. Talanta 2014; 122:195-200. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.01.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Revised: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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10
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Coghill AE, Hsu WL, Pfeiffer RM, Juwana H, Yu KJ, Lou PJ, Wang CP, Chen JY, Chen CJ, Middeldorp JM, Hildesheim A. Epstein-Barr virus serology as a potential screening marker for nasopharyngeal carcinoma among high-risk individuals from multiplex families in Taiwan. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2014; 23:1213-9. [PMID: 24769890 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-13-1262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated cancer that is highly treatable when diagnosed early, with 5-year disease-free survival of approximately 90%. However, NPC is typically diagnosed at advanced stages, in which disease-free survival is <50%. There is, therefore, a need for clinical tools to assist in early NPC detection, particularly among high-risk individuals. METHODS We evaluated the ability of anti-EBV IgA antibodies to detect incident NPC among high-risk Taiwanese individuals. NPC cases (N = 21) and age- and sex-matched controls (N = 84) were selected. Serum collected before NPC diagnosis was tested for ELISA-based IgA antibodies against the following EBV peptides: EBNA1, VCAp18, EAp138, Ead_p47, and VCAp18 + EBNA1 peptide mixture. The sensitivity, specificity, and screening program parameters were calculated. RESULTS EBNA1 IgA had the best performance characteristics. At an optimized threshold value, EBNA1 IgA measured at baseline identified 80% of the high-risk individuals who developed NPC during follow-up (80% sensitivity). However, approximately 40% of high-risk individuals who did not develop NPC also tested positive (false positives). Application of EBNA1 IgA as a biomarker to detect incident NPC in a previously unscreened, high-risk population revealed that 164 individuals needed to be screened to detect 1 NPC and that 69 individuals tested positive per case detected. CONCLUSIONS EBNA1 IgA proved to be a sensitive biomarker for identifying incident NPC, but future work is warranted to develop more specific screening tools to decrease the number of false positives. IMPACT Results from this study could inform decisions about screening biomarkers and referral thresholds for future NPC early-detection program evaluations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna E Coghill
- Authors' Affiliations: Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics;
| | - Wan-Lun Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University; Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica
| | - Ruth M Pfeiffer
- Authors' Affiliations: Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics
| | - Hedy Juwana
- Department of Pathology, Vrije University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Kelly J Yu
- Authors' Affiliations: Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics; Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Pei-Jen Lou
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei
| | - Cheng-Ping Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei
| | - Jen-Yang Chen
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan; and
| | - Chien-Jen Chen
- Graduate Institute of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University; Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica
| | - Jaap M Middeldorp
- Department of Pathology, Vrije University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Allan Hildesheim
- Authors' Affiliations: Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics
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Javanmard M, Emaminejad S, Gupta C, Provine J, Davis R, Howe R. Depletion of cells and abundant proteins from biological samples by enhanced dielectrophoresis. SENSORS AND ACTUATORS. B, CHEMICAL 2014; 193:918-924. [PMID: 26924893 PMCID: PMC4765371 DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2013.11.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Platforms that are sensitive and specific enough to assay low-abundance protein biomarkers, in a high throughput multiplex format, within a complex biological fluid specimen, are necessary to enable protein biomarker based diagnostics for diseases such as cancer. The signal from an assay for a low-abundance protein biomarker in a biological fluid sample like blood is typically buried in a background that arises from the presence of blood cells and from high-abundance proteins that make up 90% of the assayed protein mass. We present an automated on-chip platform for the depletion of cells and highly abundant serum proteins in blood. Our platform consists of two components, the first of which is a microfluidic mixer that mixes beads containing antibodies against the highly abundant proteins in the whole blood. This complex mixture (consisting of beads, cells, and serum proteins) is then injected into the second component of our microfluidic platform, which comprises a filter trench to capture all the cells and the beads. The size-based trapping of the cells and beads into the filter trench is significantly enhanced by leveraging additional negative dielectrophoretic forces to push the micron sized particles (cells and beads which have captured the highly abundant proteins) down into the trench, allowing the serum proteins of lower abundance to flow through. In general, dielectrophoresis using bare electrodes is incapable of producing forces beyond the low piconewton range that tend to be insufficient for separation applications. However, by using electrodes passivated with atomic layer deposition, we demonstrate the application of enhanced negative DEP electrodes together with size-based flltration induced by the filter trench, to deplete 100% of the micron sized particles in the mixture.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Javanmard
- Stanford Genome Technology Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - S. Emaminejad
- Stanford Genome Technology Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Electrical Engineering Department, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - C. Gupta
- Electrical Engineering Department, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - J. Provine
- Electrical Engineering Department, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - R.W. Davis
- Stanford Genome Technology Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - R.T. Howe
- Electrical Engineering Department, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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