1
|
Chawla YM, Bajpai P, Saini K, Reddy ES, Patel AK, Murali-Krishna K, Chandele A. Regional Variation of the CD4 and CD8 T Cell Epitopes Conserved in Circulating Dengue Viruses and Shared with Potential Vaccine Candidates. Viruses 2024; 16:730. [PMID: 38793612 PMCID: PMC11126086 DOI: 10.3390/v16050730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
As dengue expands globally and many vaccines are under trials, there is a growing recognition of the need for assessing T cell immunity in addition to assessing the functions of neutralizing antibodies during these endeavors. While several dengue-specific experimentally validated T cell epitopes are known, less is understood about which of these epitopes are conserved among circulating dengue viruses and also shared by potential vaccine candidates. As India emerges as the epicenter of the dengue disease burden and vaccine trials commence in this region, we have here aligned known dengue specific T cell epitopes, reported from other parts of the world with published polyprotein sequences of 107 dengue virus isolates available from India. Of the 1305 CD4 and 584 CD8 epitopes, we found that 24% and 41%, respectively, were conserved universally, whereas 27% and 13% were absent in any viral isolates. With these data, we catalogued epitopes conserved in circulating dengue viruses from India and matched them with each of the six vaccine candidates under consideration (TV003, TDEN, DPIV, CYD-TDV, DENVax and TVDV). Similar analyses with viruses from Thailand, Brazil and Mexico revealed regional overlaps and variations in these patterns. Thus, our study provides detailed and nuanced insights into regional variation that should be considered for itemization of T cell responses during dengue natural infection and vaccine design, testing and evaluation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yadya M. Chawla
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Center, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India; (Y.M.C.); (P.B.); (K.S.); (E.S.R.)
| | - Prashant Bajpai
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Center, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India; (Y.M.C.); (P.B.); (K.S.); (E.S.R.)
| | - Keshav Saini
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Center, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India; (Y.M.C.); (P.B.); (K.S.); (E.S.R.)
| | - Elluri Seetharami Reddy
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Center, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India; (Y.M.C.); (P.B.); (K.S.); (E.S.R.)
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India;
| | - Ashok Kumar Patel
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India;
| | - Kaja Murali-Krishna
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Center, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India; (Y.M.C.); (P.B.); (K.S.); (E.S.R.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30317, USA
| | - Anmol Chandele
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Center, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India; (Y.M.C.); (P.B.); (K.S.); (E.S.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sarma DK, Rathod L, Mishra S, Das D, Agarwal A, Sharma G, Singh TA, Kumawat M, Singh S, Verma V, Kumar M, Shubham S, Tiwari RR, Prakash A. Molecular surveillance of dengue virus in field-collected Aedes mosquitoes from Bhopal, central India: evidence of circulation of a new lineage of serotype 2. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1260812. [PMID: 37779723 PMCID: PMC10539573 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1260812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Dengue fever is hyperendemic in several Southeast and South Asian countries, including India, with all four serotypes (DENV 1-4) circulating at different periods and in different locations. Sustainable and improved virological and entomological surveillance is the only tool to prevent dengue and other vector-borne diseases. Objectives The present study has been carried out to detect and characterize the circulating dengue virus (DENV) in field-collected Aedes mosquitoes in Bhopal, Central India. Methods Aedes mosquitoes were collected from 29 localities within Bhopal city during October 2020 to September 2022. DENV infection was assessed in the individual head and thorax regions of Aedes mosquitoes using reverse transcriptase PCR. Positive samples were sequenced, and the circulating serotypes and genotypes were determined using phylogenetic analysis. Results DENV RNA was detected in 7 Aedes aegypti and 1 Aedes albopictus, with infection rates of 0.59 and 0.14%, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis revealed all the isolates belonged to DENV serotype 2 and distinctly clustered with the non-Indian lineage (cosmopolitan genotype 4a), which was not recorded from the study area earlier. The time to most common recent ancestor (TMRCA) of these sequences was 7.4 years old, with the highest posterior density (HPD) of 3.5-12.2 years, indicating that this new lineage emerged during the year 2014. This is the first report on the DENV incrimination in both Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus mosquitoes collected from Bhopal, Central India. Conclusion The observed emergence of the non-Indian lineage of DENV-2 in Bhopal, which again is a first report from the area, coincides with the gradual increase in DENV cases in Bhopal since 2014. This study emphasizes the importance of DENV surveillance and risk assessment in this strategically important part of the country to decipher its outbreak and severe disease-causing potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lokendra Rathod
- ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, India
| | - Sweta Mishra
- ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, India
| | - Deepanker Das
- ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, India
| | - Ankita Agarwal
- State Virology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Gandhi Medical College, Bhopal, India
| | - Gaurav Sharma
- ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, India
| | - Tanim Arpit Singh
- Maharaja Ranjit Singh College of Professional Sciences, Indore, India
| | - Manoj Kumawat
- ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, India
| | - Samradhi Singh
- ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, India
| | - Vinod Verma
- Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, India
| | - Swasti Shubham
- ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, India
| | | | - Anil Prakash
- ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mustafa Z, Khan HM, Azam M, Sami H, Ali SG, Ahmad I, Raza A, Khan MA. Insight into the seroepidemiology and dynamics of circulating serotypes of dengue virus over a 4 year period in western Uttar Pradesh, India. Access Microbiol 2023; 5:acmi000567.v4. [PMID: 37424567 PMCID: PMC10323805 DOI: 10.1099/acmi.0.000567.v4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
An important public health problem in India is dengue infection, with every year seeing an increase in cases of dengue fever. Dengue affects all individuals irrespective of their gender and age, although the infection rate is higher among males and younger people. Despite low severity in general, dengue virus can cause severe health conditions in some individuals. Genetic characterization of circulating endemic dengue virus (DENV) serotypes plays a significant role in providing epidemiological knowledge and subsequent vaccine development. In the present study, over a 4 year period, we assessed DENV transmission dynamics in major regions of western Uttar Pradesh in North India. ELISA tests were used to diagnose dengue, and PCRs were used to determine the circulating serotype. We found that dengue infection peaks after the rainy season and affects all sexes and ages. A total of 1277 individuals were found positive for dengue; among them, 61.7 % were male and 38.3 % were female. DEN-1 was found in 23.12 %, DEN-2 in 45 %, DEN-3 in 29.06 % and DEN-4 in 1.5 % of the dengue-infected individuals. All four DENV serotypes were circulating in the study area, and DENV serotype-2 (DEN-2) was the most prevalent serotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zeeshan Mustafa
- Department of Microbiology, J.N. Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, UP, India
| | - Haris Manzoor Khan
- Department of Microbiology, J.N. Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, UP, India
| | - Mohd Azam
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, Al-Qassim University, Buraydah, Qassim KSA, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hiba Sami
- Department of Microbiology, J.N. Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, UP, India
| | - Syed Ghazanfar Ali
- Viral Research & Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, J.N. Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, UP, India
| | - Islam Ahmad
- Viral Research & Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, J.N. Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, UP, India
| | - Adil Raza
- Department of Microbiology, J.N. Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, UP, India
| | - Mohammad Azam Khan
- Department of Statistics & Operational Research, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, UP, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Behera SP, Bhardwaj P, Deval H, Srivastava N, Singh R, Misra BR, Agrawal A, Kavathekar A, Kant R. Co-circulation of all the four Dengue virus serotypes during 2018-2019: first report from Eastern Uttar Pradesh, India. PeerJ 2023; 11:e14504. [PMID: 36643644 PMCID: PMC9835713 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue fever is an endemic disease in India, transmitted by an infected mosquito bite. In India, the number of concurrent infections and the circulation of multiple dengue virus (DENV) serotypes has increased in recent decades. Molecular surveillance among the DENV serotype is important to keep track of the circulating serotypes, evolutionary changes, and key mutations that can alter the diagnostics. The current study included patients admitted for dengue in the Eastern Uttar Pradesh (E-UP) region during 2018-2019. The genetic characterization of the circulating DENV was accomplished through partial CprM (511 bp) gene amplification via reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the circulation of all four DENV1-4 serotypes. DENV-2 was the most abundant serotype (44%, 27/61), followed by DENV-3 (32%, 20/61). DENV-1 had a 16% (10/61) predominance, while DENV-4 (6%, 4/61) was found to be the least abundant serotype. DENV-2 genotypes were distributed among lineages I (7.4%), II (85%) and III (7.4%) of genotype IV, DENV-3 to lineage III of genotype III, DENV-1 to genotype III; DENV-2 to lineage B (75%) and C (25%) of genotype I. This primary report on the co-circulation of DENV1-4 serotypes from the E-UP region highlights the requirement of continuous molecular surveillance for monitoring circulating DENV serotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Pooja Bhardwaj
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Hirawati Deval
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Neha Srivastava
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rajeev Singh
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Brij Ranjan Misra
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Awdhesh Agrawal
- Division of Pathology, Gorakhnath Hospital, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Asif Kavathekar
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rajni Kant
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang Y, Guo J, Gao Y, Li S, Pan T, Xu G, Li X, Li Y, Yang J. Dynamic transcriptome analyses reveal m 6A regulated immune non-coding RNAs during dengue disease progression. Heliyon 2023; 9:e12690. [PMID: 36685392 PMCID: PMC9850062 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue infection is one of the most prevalent arthropod-borne viral diseases, which can result in severe complications. Identification of genes and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) involved in dengue infection would help in deciphering potential mechanisms responsible for the disease progression. We comprehensively analyzed the dynamic transcriptome during dengue disease progression and identified critical genes and lncRNAs with expression perturbations. Our findings revealed that the expression of genes (i.e., CCR10 and GNG7) and lncRNAs (i.e., CTBP1-AS and MAFG-AS1) were potentially regulated by m6A RNA methylation. Interestingly, dengue viral proteins prevalently interact with genes or lncRNAs with expression perturbations, which are involved in cell cycle, inflammation signaling pathways and immune response. Dynamically expressed genes and lncRNAs were likely to locate in the central regions of human protein-protein network, which play crucial roles in mediating signaling spread and helping viral replication. Immune microenvironments analysis revealed that plasma cells levels were increased and T cells infiltrations were decreased during dengue disease progression. Dynamically expressed genes and lncRNAs were correlated with immune cell infiltrations. Moreover, network analysis reveals the associations between dengue viral infections and human complex diseases (i.e., digestive diseases and neoplasms). Our comprehensive transcriptome analysis of dengue disease progression identified potential gene and lncRNA biomarkers, providing novel insights for understanding the pathogenesis of and developing effective therapeutic strategies for dengue infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ya Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Information and Engineering, Hainan Women and Children’s Medical Center, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Information and Engineering, Hainan Women and Children’s Medical Center, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Yueying Gao
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Information and Engineering, Hainan Women and Children’s Medical Center, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Si Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Information and Engineering, Hainan Women and Children’s Medical Center, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Tao Pan
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Information and Engineering, Hainan Women and Children’s Medical Center, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Gang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Information and Engineering, Hainan Women and Children’s Medical Center, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Xia Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Information and Engineering, Hainan Women and Children’s Medical Center, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China,College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China,Corresponding author.Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Information and Engineering, Hainan Women and Children’s Medical Center, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China.
| | - Yongsheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Information and Engineering, Hainan Women and Children’s Medical Center, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China,Corresponding author.
| | - Jun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Information and Engineering, Hainan Women and Children’s Medical Center, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China,Corresponding author.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Muacevic A, Adler JR, Pai MO, Kaistha N, Ratho R, Sokeechand N. Dengue Burden and Circulation of Dengue-2 Serotype Among Children Along With Clinical Profiling in Uttarakhand, India: A Cross-Sectional Study From 2018 to 2020. Cureus 2023; 15:e33913. [PMID: 36819345 PMCID: PMC9936569 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.33913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The multiple serotypes of the dengue virus (DENV) are always a major public concern for dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS). OBJECTIVE This study aimed to analyse the demographic characteristics and circulating serotypes of dengue among the paediatric age group. METHODOLOGY One hundred forty-one clinically suspected children were enrolled in the study from 2018 to 2020 in a tertiary care hospital in Uttarakhand, India. Central tendency, frequency, and One-Way ANOVA were measured for continuous and categorical data. The Shapiro-Wilks test was used to calculate the normality assumption. Dengue NS1 Ag, IgM, and IgG antibodies ELISA were performed, and NS1-positive samples were further tested for molecular studies. RESULT From one hundred forty-one suspected cases, 100 (70.92%) came positive for dengue NS1 antigen, 18 (12.76%), and three (2.12%) came positive for IgM and IgG antibodies respectively. Rest 20 (14.18%) samples came negative for dengue. Fever with chills (97.5%), headache (89%), and arthralgia (82%) were the most common clinical features. Molecular studies showed the dengue serotype-2 (DEN-2) was found in most cases, followed by the dengue-3 serotype (DEN-3). CONCLUSION This is the preliminary study as the authors' best knowledge which demonstrate the burden of dengue in children with prevalent serotypes for consecutive three years in Uttarakhand. This study identifies that the serotype-2 (DEN-2) of the dengue virus was the primary cause of infection in children at the tertiary care hospital in northern India. These results will help further to understand the nature of the disease so that improved patient care management will imply. Further molecular studies on large sample sizes during the endemic would be helpful to gain knowledge of the actual load of the disease and the genetic characteristics of the virus.
Collapse
|
7
|
Roy SK, Goswami BK, Bhattacharjee S. Genetic characterization of dengue virus from patients presenting multi-serotypic infections in the Northern West Bengal, India. Virus Genes 2023; 59:45-54. [PMID: 36327057 PMCID: PMC9630820 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-022-01950-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Northern West Bengal, popularly known as North Bengal, is a dengue-endemic area, which has been severely affected by Dengue in the past few years resulting in massive hospitalizations and deaths. Genetic characterization of the circulating endemic dengue virus (DENV) serotypes is of paramount importance for the epidemiological understanding of the infection and subsequent vaccine development. The present study was conceived to characterize circulating dengue serotypes and to undertake phylogenetic study. EDTA blood samples of all (N = 83) NS1-positive cases of patients with acute febrile illness referred to different health care facilities were collected and processed for RNA isolation followed by the complementary DNA (cDNA) preparation. Serotype determination of dengue infection was done using conventional PCR by targeting the viral C-prM region. Phylogenetic tree was constructed by implementing the Maximum likelihood method. Out of 83 blood samples 17 were detected to be positive for the presence of dengue viral RNA. DENV3 was found to be the predominant serotype in the single-infection cases; however, we have detected multi-serotypic co-infections throughout the study. Joint pain was found to be the most valuable symptom for the prognosis of dengue. Sequence analyses suggested that both DENV1- and DENV3-circulating genotypes are in the genotype III group and remain closely related to the Indian clade. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the genetic characterization of circulating DENVs in North Bengal, which may contribute to the study of dengue epidemic and pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sudipta Kumar Roy
- Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of North Bengal, Raja Rammohunpur, P.O. North Bengal University, District: Darjeeling, Siliguri, West Bengal 734 013 India
| | - Bidyut Krishna Goswami
- Department of Pathology, North Bengal Medical College and Hospital, P.O. Sushrutanagar, Darjeeling, Siliguri, West Bengal 734012 India
| | - Soumen Bhattacharjee
- Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of North Bengal, Raja Rammohunpur, P.O. North Bengal University, District: Darjeeling, Siliguri, West Bengal 734 013 India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Racherla RG, Katari SK, Mohan A, Amineni U, Badur M, Chaudhury A, Nagaraja M, Kodavala S, Kante M, Kalawat U. Molecular Characterization and Identification of Potential Inhibitors for 'E' Protein of Dengue Virus. Viruses 2022; 14:v14050940. [PMID: 35632682 PMCID: PMC9143040 DOI: 10.3390/v14050940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue is an arthropod-borne acute febrile illness caused by Dengue Virus (DENV), a member of Flaviviridae. Severity of the infection ranges from mild self-limiting illness to severe life-threatening hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS). To date, there is no specific antiviral therapy established to treat the infection. The current study reports the epidemiology of DENV infections and potential inhibitors of DENV 'E' protein. Among the various serotypes, DENV-2 serotype was observed more frequently, followed by DENV-4, DENV-1, and DENV-3. New variants of existing genotypes were observed in DENV-1, 2, and 4 serotypes. Predominantly, the severe form of dengue was attributable to DENV-2 infections, and the incidence was more common in males and pediatric populations. Both the incidence and the disease severity were more common among the residents of non-urban environments. Due to the predominantly self-limiting nature of primary dengue infection and folk medicine practices of non-urban populations, we observed a greater number of secondary dengue cases than primary dengue cases. Hemorrhagic manifestations were more in secondary dengue in particularly in the pediatric group. Through different computational methods, ligands RGBLD1, RGBLD2, RGBLD3, and RGBLD4 are proposed as potential inhibitors in silico against DENV-1, -2, -3, and -4 serotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rishi Gowtham Racherla
- Department of Clinical Virology, Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences (SVIMS), Tirupati 517507, Andhra Pradesh, India; (R.G.R.); (M.N.); (M.K.)
| | - Sudheer Kumar Katari
- Department of Bioinformatics, Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences (SVIMS), Tirupati 517507, Andhra Pradesh, India; (S.K.K.); (U.A.)
| | - Alladi Mohan
- Department of Medicine, Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences (SVIMS), Tirupati 517507, Andhra Pradesh, India;
| | - Umamaheswari Amineni
- Department of Bioinformatics, Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences (SVIMS), Tirupati 517507, Andhra Pradesh, India; (S.K.K.); (U.A.)
| | - Manohar Badur
- Department of Pediatrics, Sri Venkateswara Ramnarain Ruia Government General Hospital (SVRRGGH), Tirupati 517507, Andhra Pradesh, India;
| | - Abhijit Chaudhury
- Department of Microbiology, Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences (SVIMS), Tirupati 517507, Andhra Pradesh, India;
| | - Mudhigeti Nagaraja
- Department of Clinical Virology, Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences (SVIMS), Tirupati 517507, Andhra Pradesh, India; (R.G.R.); (M.N.); (M.K.)
| | - Sireesha Kodavala
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences (SVIMS), Tirupati 517507, Andhra Pradesh, India;
| | - Meenakshi Kante
- Department of Clinical Virology, Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences (SVIMS), Tirupati 517507, Andhra Pradesh, India; (R.G.R.); (M.N.); (M.K.)
| | - Usha Kalawat
- Department of Clinical Virology, Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences (SVIMS), Tirupati 517507, Andhra Pradesh, India; (R.G.R.); (M.N.); (M.K.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Alshabi A, Marwan A, Fatima N, Madkhali AM, Alnagai F, Alhazmi A, Al-Mekhlafi HM, Abdulhaq AA, Ghailan KY, Sali A, Refaei T. Epidemiological screening and serotyping analysis of dengue fever in the Southwestern region of Saudi Arabia. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:204-210. [PMID: 35002410 PMCID: PMC8716909 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.08.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue is an acute systemic viral disease that has been developed globally in both chronic and epidemic transmission periods. Dengue virus (DENV) is a member of the Flavivirus genus of the Flaviviridae family, which endangers public health. Limited studies have been performed in the Saudi Arabia and there are no epidemiological as well as molecular screening of DENV in the Southwestern region and this current study was conducted on the epidemiology of dengue in the Southwestern region of Saudi Arabia. Simultaneously, we have screened the 100 patients for DENV using the real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay. The current study results confirmed that 6637 people from various hospitals and locations in Jazan, Southwestern regions, were enrolled in this study from 2012 to 2020. The overall mean age was 30.02 ± 18.01 years, with 62.8% of males and 37.2% of females enrolled. This study included nearly three-fourths of the Saudi participants and one-fourth of the expatriates, and 56.6% of the positive cases were enrolled. In 2019, the most instances were enrolled, with 44% of positive cases. When screened using the RT-PCR assay, 93% of the positive patients were recruited, according to the quality control analysis. In conclusion, the current study results confirmed the prevalence of DENV was increased drastically since 2012 to 2020. High number of cases were registered prior to the Pandemic. The screening for DENV was performed with RT-PCR assay and NSI antigen should also be implemented to cross-check the results which was previously performed with RT-PCR analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alkhansa Alshabi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amani Marwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nuzhath Fatima
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aymen M. Madkhali
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatemah Alnagai
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abrar Alhazmi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ahmed A. Abdulhaq
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Y. Ghailan
- Department of Epidemiology Public Health and Tropical Medicine College, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Sali
- Public Health Office, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tareq Refaei
- Department of Laboratory, King Fahd Hospital, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Bhattacharjee D, Mukherjee K, Sarkar R, Baske U, Manna A, Das O. Molecular characterization of dengue viruses during an outbreak in Kolkata: A hospital-based study. MEDICAL JOURNAL OF DR. D.Y. PATIL VIDYAPEETH 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/mjdrdypu.mjdrdypu_119_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
|
11
|
Paradkar PN, Sahasrabudhe PR, Ghag Sawant M, Mukherjee S, Blasdell KR. Towards Integrated Management of Dengue in Mumbai. Viruses 2021; 13:2436. [PMID: 34960705 PMCID: PMC8703503 DOI: 10.3390/v13122436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
With increasing urbanisation, the dengue disease burden is on the rise in India, especially in large cities such as Mumbai. Current dengue surveillance in Mumbai includes municipal corporation carrying out specific activities to reduce mosquito breeding sites and the use of insecticides to suppress the adult mosquito populations. Clinical cases remain either underreported or misreported due to the restriction to government clinics, missing the large private health care sector. There is a need for an integrated approach to manage dengue outbreaks in Mumbai. There are various novel strategies available for use that can be utilised to improve disease detection, mosquito surveillance, and control of mosquito-borne diseases. These novel technologies are discussed in this manuscript. Given the complex ecosystem of mosquito-borne diseases in Mumbai, integrating data obtained from these technologies would support the ongoing mosquito control measures in Mumbai.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prasad N. Paradkar
- CSIRO Health & Biosecurity, Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, 5 Portarlington Road, Geelong 3220, Australia;
| | | | - Mrunal Ghag Sawant
- Department of Zoonosis, Haffkine Institute for Training Research and Testing, Parel, Mumbai 400012, India;
| | - Sandeepan Mukherjee
- Department of Virology, Haffkine Institute for Training Research and Testing, Parel, Mumbai 400012, India;
| | - Kim R. Blasdell
- CSIRO Health & Biosecurity, Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, 5 Portarlington Road, Geelong 3220, Australia;
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Tsheten T, Gray DJ, Clements ACA, Wangdi K. Epidemiology and challenges of dengue surveillance in the WHO South-East Asia Region. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2021; 115:583-599. [PMID: 33410916 DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/traa158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue poses a significant health and economic burden in the WHO South-East Asia Region. Approaches for control need to be aligned with current knowledge on the epidemiology of dengue in the region. Such knowledge will ensure improved targeting of interventions to reduce dengue incidence and its socioeconomic impact. This review was undertaken to describe the contemporary epidemiology of dengue and critically analyse the existing surveillance strategies in the region. Over recent decades, dengue incidence has continued to increase with geographical expansion. The region has now become hyper-endemic for multiple dengue virus serotypes/genotypes. Every epidemic cycle was associated with a change of predominant serotype/genotype and this was often associated with severe disease with intense transmission. Classical larval indices are widely used in vector surveillance and adult mosquito samplings are not implemented as a part of routine surveillance. Further, there is a lack of integration of entomological and disease surveillance systems, often leading to inaction or delays in dengue prevention and control. Disease surveillance does not capture all cases, resulting in under-reporting, and has thus failed to adequately represent the true burden of disease in the region. Possible solutions include incorporating adult mosquito sampling into routine vector surveillance, the establishment of laboratory-based sentinel surveillance, integrated vector and dengue disease surveillance and climate-based early warning systems using available technologies like mobile apps.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tsheten Tsheten
- Department of Globa l Health, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.,Royal Centre for Disease Control, Ministry of Health, Bhutan
| | - Darren J Gray
- Department of Globa l Health, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Archie C A Clements
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia.,Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Kinley Wangdi
- Department of Globa l Health, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Deval H, Behera SP, Agrawal A, Singh R, Misra B, Janardhan V, Patil G, Sah K, Kumar N, Singh R, Bondre VP. Genetic characterization of dengue virus serotype 2 isolated from dengue fever outbreaks in eastern Uttar Pradesh and western Bihar, India. J Med Virol 2021; 93:3322-3329. [PMID: 32633814 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Dengue (DEN) is the most common cause of mosquito-borne endemic viral diseases in the tropical and subtropical countries. DEN outbreaks associated with multiple dengue virus (DV) serotypes have been regularly reported in different parts of India. This study was done during DEN outbreaks in 2015 to 2016 in UP and Bihar where DEN-2 was found as the only prevalent serotype. DV-2 was the only serotype amplified in serotype-specific reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction from sera of 210 (65.21%) out of 322 DV NS1 antigen-positive patients. Further genetic analysis based on full-length envelope (E) protein sequence derived from patient's sera as well as DV isolate showed the circulation of lineages I and III of DV-2 cosmopolitan genotype during 2015 and lineage II during 2016. Finally, the phylogenetic analysis using the E gene sequence revealed that these DV-2 strains have a close genetic relationship with the recently reported DV-2 genotypes from DEN outbreaks reported from different parts of north India. These results showed the circulation of cosmopolitan genotype of DV-2 in eastern Uttar Pradesh and western Bihar, India. The genetic database generated on circulating DV strains in this study will be useful as reference for disease surveillance and strengthening laboratory diagnosis protocols.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hirawati Deval
- Molecular Virology, National Institute of Virology (Gorakhpur Unit), Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sthita P Behera
- Molecular Virology, National Institute of Virology (Gorakhpur Unit), Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Awdhesh Agrawal
- Division of Pathology, Gorakhnath Hospital, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rajeev Singh
- Molecular Virology, National Institute of Virology (Gorakhpur Unit), Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Brijranjan Misra
- Molecular Virology, National Institute of Virology (Gorakhpur Unit), Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vanka Janardhan
- Molecular Virology, National Institute of Virology (Gorakhpur Unit), Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Gajanan Patil
- Molecular Virology, National Institute of Virology (Gorakhpur Unit), Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kamlesh Sah
- Molecular Virology, National Institute of Virology (Gorakhpur Unit), Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Niraj Kumar
- Molecular Virology, National Institute of Virology (Gorakhpur Unit), Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ravishankar Singh
- Molecular Virology, National Institute of Virology (Gorakhpur Unit), Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vijay P Bondre
- Encephalitis Group, ICMR-National Institute of Virology, Microbial Containment Complex, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Gupta A, Rijhwani P, Pahadia MR, Kalia A, Choudhary S, Bansal DP, Gupta D, Agarwal P, Jat RK. Prevalence of Dengue Serotypes and Its Correlation With the Laboratory Profile at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Northwestern India. Cureus 2021; 13:e15029. [PMID: 34136322 PMCID: PMC8199925 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.15029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aim Dengue fever is an emerging arboviral public health problem in a large endemic population in the tropical and sub-tropical areas of the world, with varying degrees of clinical presentation. This study was aimed at analyzing the clinical and laboratory dynamics of the four dengue serotypes. Methods This institutional review board (IRB)-approved hospital-based observational study was performed with 100 in-patients with dengue infection above 12 years of age, without co-morbidities or known malignancy, in a tertiary care center in Northern India. Results Out of 100 patients, four had concurrent infection with two serotypes. Dengue virus serotype-2 (DENV 2) was the most common serotype (34%) and had the maximum percentage of cases of severe dengue (20.6%). The mean total leukocyte count did not differ between the serotypes. DENV 4 had a significantly higher mean neutrophil percentage and a significantly lower mean lymphocyte percentage than DENV 1 (p-value 0.001 and 0.02, respectively), with a higher percentage of cases of severe dengue (20% vs 14.3%, non-significant). Thrombocytopenia was present in all serotypes of infection. There was a significant difference in the derangement of liver function in DENV 2, 3, and 4 as compared to DENV 1. Mean serum albumin levels were significantly lower in DENV 3 and 4 infections. Cases with co-infection had a much higher derangement of liver function and lower mean serum albumin than infections with a single serotype. The mean blood urea and creatinine levels were in the normal range for all serotypes. No mortality occurred in our study. Conclusion DENV 2 is the most common serotype with maximum severity at our hospital. DENV 2 and DENV 4 have a high percentage of cases with severe dengue (20.6% and 20%, respectively). The mean lymphocyte percentage was significantly lower while hepatic involvement and hypoalbuminemia were greater in DENV 4. Initial serotyping in patients with dengue can help monitor the epidemiological trends and help estimate the clinical and laboratory trends of the different serotypes of dengue infection. Particular care should be taken in patients with co-infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aviral Gupta
- Department of General Medicine, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur, IND
| | - Puneet Rijhwani
- Department of General Medicine, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur, IND
| | - Manish R Pahadia
- Department of General Medicine, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur, IND
| | - Anchin Kalia
- Department of General Medicine, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur, IND
| | - Shrikant Choudhary
- Department of General Medicine, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur, IND
| | - Dharam P Bansal
- Department of General Medicine, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur, IND
| | - Deepak Gupta
- Department of General Medicine, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur, IND
| | - Pradeep Agarwal
- Department of General Medicine, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur, IND
| | - Ram K Jat
- Department of General Medicine, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur, IND
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Jain A, Khan D, Prakash O, Shukla S, Prakash S, Verma A. Severity of dengue illness and presence of anti DV IgG in serum of laboratory confirmed dengue cases. J Vector Borne Dis 2021; 58:228-231. [DOI: 10.4103/0972-9062.325637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
|
16
|
Correlation of Clinical Severity and Laboratory Parameters with Various Serotypes in Dengue Virus: A Hospital-Based Study. Int J Microbiol 2020; 2020:6658445. [PMID: 33488722 PMCID: PMC7803134 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6658445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Dengue fever, being hyperendemic with analogous presentations as in many other acute febrile illnesses, poses a challenge in diagnosis during the acute stage. Additionally, the coexistence of multiple serotypes further complicates the disease prognosis. The study was undertaken to determine the dengue virus serotypes, clinical, and laboratory markers as predictors in the severity of infection. Methods A prospective study was conducted among 106 patients admitted with acute febrile illness having positive NS1 antigen/IgM ELISA. Clinical data were extracted from medical records including demographics, presence of comorbid conditions, clinical presentation, laboratory investigations, and course including length of hospital stay and outcome. Detection of dengue serotypes was done by multiplex reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT_PCR). Results Out of 106 RT-PCR-confirmed cases, DENV-3 was the most common serotype found in 56 (52.8%) patients, followed by DENV-3 and DENV-4 coinfection in 27 (25.4%) patients. Coinfection with more than one serotype was witnessed in our study. Raised liver enzymes and increased ferritin are good biomarkers in differentiating dengue from severe dengue with cutoff levels for AST (134 U/L), ALT (88 U/L), and ferritin (3670 ng/ml). Musculoskeletal, followed by gastrointestinal, manifestations were comparatively higher than respiratory and cutaneous manifestations. Conclusion This study provides more information on the dengue serotypes. The clinical spectrum along with laboratory parameters such as ferritin, liver enzymes, platelet can be used as potential biomarkers in prediction of dengue severity. The data demonstrated will be useful in early detection and monitoring of the disease.
Collapse
|
17
|
Islam A, Abdullah M, Tazeen A, Naqvi IH, Kazim SN, Ahmed A, Alamery SF, Malik A, Parveen S. Circulation of dengue virus serotypes in hyperendemic region of New Delhi, India during 2011-2017. J Infect Public Health 2020; 13:1912-1919. [PMID: 33148496 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2020.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dengue fever has become a hampering menace in New Delhi India, since the disease has become hyperendemic, due to circulation of multiple serotypes of dengue virus (DENV). This hyperendemicity poses a greater risk of secondary infections in human health system. This is a major issue which leads to apprehension amongst the researchers and health organizations and thus requires regular epidemiological surveillance. METHODS We analyzed the prevalence and serotypic distribution of dengue fever cases reported from the Southern part of New Delhi during continued surveillance from 2011 to 2017. The blood samples for the investigation were obtained from the patients suspected with dengue fever attending the OPD at a local Health Centre. The data for 2011-2016 was already published from our laboratory. The samples collected during 2017 were serotyped and characterized in the present study. RESULTS A total of 565 samples (59%) were positive for DENV of 958 samples tested by RT-PCR during 7 years (2011-2017). Our study has shown that most infections were caused by DENV-2 during 2011-2015. The data has shown occurrence of all four serotypes of DENV during 2015 and predominance of DENV-3 in 2016 and 2017. Further, predominant combination of DENV-1 and DENV-2 was found in most of the co-infections. To the best of our knowledge this is the first study showing the epidemiological trend of dengue fever in reference to the circulating DENV serotypes and co-infections from a hyperendemic region of New Delhi during 2011-2017. CONCLUSIONS This hyperendemic pattern of DENV and instantaneous shift in circulation of its serotypes is likely pose a greater risk of secondary infections. Inclusion of comprehensive community and hospital surveillance of dengue fever will assist in formulation and implementation of effective control measures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arshi Islam
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohd Abdullah
- Dr. M.A. Ansari Health Centre, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Ayesha Tazeen
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Irshad H Naqvi
- Dr. M.A. Ansari Health Centre, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Syed Naqui Kazim
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Anwar Ahmed
- Centre of Excellence in Biotechnology Research, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Protein Research Chair, Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salman Freeh Alamery
- Centre of Excellence in Biotechnology Research, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ajamaluddin Malik
- Protein Research Chair, Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shama Parveen
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ahamed SF, Rosario V, Britto C, Dias M, Nayak K, Chandele A, Kaja MK, Shet A. Emergence of new genotypes and lineages of dengue viruses during the 2012-15 epidemics in southern India. Int J Infect Dis 2019; 84S:S34-S43. [PMID: 30639622 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2019.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Revised: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To genotypically characterize dengue virus (DENV) isolates among dengue-infected children from 2012-13/2014-15 outbreaks in southern India. METHODS Children hospitalized with suspected dengue were tested for dengue RT-PCR targeting Capsid-preMembrane (C-prM) and Envelope (Env) regions. Following virologic confirmation (n=612), a representative selection of DENV isolates (n=99) were sequenced for C-prM, aligned using ClustalW and subjected to phylogenetic analysis by maximum-likelihood method in MEGA6. RESULTS In 2012-13 (n=113), DENV-3 (44, 38.9%) and DENV-2 (43, 38.1%) predominated; DENV-1 (22, 19.5%) and DENV-4 (1, 0.9%) were less common. The pattern changed in 2014-15 (n=499), when DENV-1 (329, 65.7%) predominated, followed by DENV-2 (97, 21.2%), DENV-3 (36, 6.7%) and DENV-4 (10, 2.0%). Multiple-serotype co-infections occurred in 2.7% and 5.4% in 2012-13 and 2014-15, respectively. Genotype III (GIII) of DENV-1 predominated (85.7%) in 2012-13, ceding to GI predominance (80.8%) in 2014-15. Among DENV-2, 71.9% (23/32) showed distinct clustering suggesting a new lineage, 'GIVc'. All tested DENV-4 were GIC, whose clustering pattern showed the emergence of two distinct clades. CONCLUSIONS New genotypic/lineage variations in DENV-1 and DENV-2 may have influenced the magnitude and severity of dengue epidemics in southern India during this period. These findings emphasize the role of active surveillance of DENV serotypes/genotypes in aiding outbreak control and vaccine studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Syed Fazil Ahamed
- Division of Infectious Diseases, St. John's Research Institute, St. John's National Academy of Health Sciences, Bangalore, 560034, Karnataka, India; The University of Trans-Disciplinary Health Sciences & Technology (TDU), Bangalore, 560064, Karnataka, India.
| | - Vivek Rosario
- Division of Infectious Diseases, St. John's Research Institute, St. John's National Academy of Health Sciences, Bangalore, 560034, Karnataka, India.
| | - Carl Britto
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, UK.
| | - Mary Dias
- Division of Infectious Diseases, St. John's Research Institute, St. John's National Academy of Health Sciences, Bangalore, 560034, Karnataka, India; Department of Microbiology, St. John's Medical College Hospital, St. John's National Academy of Health Sciences, Bangalore, 560034, Karnataka, India.
| | - Kaustuv Nayak
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Centre, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India.
| | - Anmol Chandele
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Centre, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India.
| | - Murali-Krishna Kaja
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Centre, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India; Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, 1760 Haygood Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
| | - Anita Shet
- International Vaccine Access Center, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 415 N Washington St, Baltimore 21231, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Badat N, Abdulhussein D, Oligbu P, Ojubolamo O, Oligbu G. Risk of Transverse Myelitis Following Dengue Infection: A Systematic Review of the Literature. PHARMACY 2018; 7:E3. [PMID: 30583580 PMCID: PMC6473732 DOI: 10.3390/pharmacy7010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dengue virus (DENV) is one of the most common arbovirus diseases, with a wide spectrum of presentation. Spinal cord involvement in dengue infection (DF) is rare. However, the risk of transverse myelitis (TM) following Dengue has not been systematically assessed. METHODS We undertook a systematic review of published English literature from January 1974 to December 2017 to assess risk of TM and outcomes following DF. Data sources included EMBASE, MEDLINE, Cochrane library, ISI web of knowledge, conference proceedings and references within identified articles. RESULTS We identified 242 potential studies, 62 were duplicates. A further 136 were excluded on the basis of title and abstract and 19 studies did not meet the eligibility criteria on full text screening. We included 25 publications involving 2672 cases of DF. A small proportion (10.8%, (289/2672)) had neurological complications, of which 2.3% (61/2672) was TM. For articles reporting epidemiological data, the neurological complication was twice in males compared to female 67.7% (130/192) vs. 32.7% (62/192) and 1.5-fold increase TM for males 59.3% (32/54) vs 40.7% (22/54). The mean age at presentation was 33.1years (range 0.75⁻61), with onset at 11.7days. The method of diagnosing TM due to DF was mainly IgM seropositivity 92% (n = 23/25) and the commonest treatment modality was steroid 78.3% (n = 18/23). Only half had full recovery 50.8% (n = 31/61). There was no mortality following dengue, however, the crude case fatality rate following TM was 3.3% (n = 2/61). CONCLUSION This review highlights the risk of TM following dengue. Although neurological complications are rare, especially TM, once set in, it is associated with a significant morbidity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nafisa Badat
- School of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | | | - Peter Oligbu
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Benin Teaching Hospital (UBTH), Benin City, Nigeria.
| | | | - Godwin Oligbu
- Paediatric Infectious Diseases Research Group, Institute for Infection and Immunity, St. George's, University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Racherla RG, Pamireddy ML, Mohan A, Mudhigeti N, Mahalakshmi PA, Nallapireddy U, Kalawat U. Co-circulation of four dengue serotypes at South Eastern Andhra Pradesh, India: A prospective study. Indian J Med Microbiol 2018; 36:236-240. [PMID: 30084417 DOI: 10.4103/ijmm.ijmm_18_109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background Dengue is one of the most important mosquito-borne viral diseases in the world. The emergence and spread of four dengue viruses (DENVs) (serotypes) represent a global pandemic. The four distinct serotypes are, namely, DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3 and DENV-4. Very few dengue serotyping studies have been reported from Andhra Pradesh. In this context, the present study focuses on the circulating serotypes of dengue in South-Eastern Andhra Pradesh. Methodology Study was done at Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences, a teaching hospital in Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh. Acute phase dengue serum samples were collected and tested for NS1 antigen and anti-human IgM antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). NS1-positive samples were further serotyped by reverse transcriptase real-time polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR). Results A total of 398 serum samples were received from clinically suspected dengue fever cases. Of these, 150 (37.7%) samples were positive for NS1 and/or IgM ELISA. The 96 NS1 antigen-positive samples were further processed for serotyping, of which 36 were negative by rRT-PCR. DENV-2 (41%) was the predominant serotype, followed by DENV-4 (37%), DENV-3 (12%) and DENV-1 (10%) in descending order. Conclusion This study reports the all four dengue serotypes' co-circulation. This is the first report from South Eastern Andhra Pradesh. Amongst four, DENV-2 was predominant followed by DENV-4. The information of predominant serotypes can guide in forecasting dengue outbreaks and improving control measures of vectors thus may be helpful in the prevention of outbreaks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rishi Gowtham Racherla
- Department of Microbiology, Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Madhavi Latha Pamireddy
- Department of Microbiology, Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Alladi Mohan
- Department of Medicine, Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Nagaraja Mudhigeti
- Department of Microbiology, Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | | | - Umapathi Nallapireddy
- Department of Microbiology, Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Usha Kalawat
- Department of Microbiology, Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Kar M, Nisheetha A, Kumar A, Jagtap S, Shinde J, Singla M, M S, Pandit A, Chandele A, Kabra SK, Krishna S, Roy R, Lodha R, Pattabiraman C, Medigeshi GR. Isolation and molecular characterization of dengue virus clinical isolates from pediatric patients in New Delhi. Int J Infect Dis 2018; 84S:S25-S33. [PMID: 30528666 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize the in vitro replication fitness, viral diversity, and phylogeny of dengue viruses (DENV) isolated from Indian patients. METHODS DENV was isolated from whole blood collected from patients by passaging in cell culture. Passage 3 viruses were used for growth kinetics in C6/36 mosquito cells. Parallel efforts also focused on the isolation of DENV RNA from plasma samples of the same patients, which were processed for next-generation sequencing. RESULTS It was possible to isolate 64 clinical isolates of DENV, mostly DENV-2. Twenty-five of these were further used for growth curve analysis in vitro, which showed a wide range of replication kinetics. The highest viral titers were associated with isolates from patients with dengue with warning signs and severe dengue cases. Full genome sequences of 21 DENV isolates were obtained. Genome analysis mapped the circulating DENV-2 strains to the Cosmopolitan genotype. CONCLUSIONS The replication kinetics of isolates from patients with mild or severe infection did not differ significantly, but the viral titers varied by two orders of magnitude between the isolates, suggesting differences in replication fitness among the circulating DENV-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Kar
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Amul Nisheetha
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, TIFR, Bengaluru, India
| | - Anuj Kumar
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, TIFR, Bengaluru, India
| | - Suraj Jagtap
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Jitendra Shinde
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Mohit Singla
- Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Saranya M
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Awadhesh Pandit
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, TIFR, Bengaluru, India
| | - Anmol Chandele
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Center, ICGEB Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Sushil K Kabra
- Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sudhir Krishna
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, TIFR, Bengaluru, India
| | - Rahul Roy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India; Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India; Center for Biosystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Rakesh Lodha
- Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Gupta BP, Haselbeck A, Kim JH, Marks F, Saluja T. The Dengue virus in Nepal: gaps in diagnosis and surveillance. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2018; 17:32. [PMID: 30008269 PMCID: PMC6047123 DOI: 10.1186/s12941-018-0284-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The introduction of the dengue virus (DENV) in Nepal is recent, first reports date back to 2004 from a Japanese traveller and limited information is available about DENV infection in the Nepali population. Within a decade after the first DENV detection, it is now endemic in multiple districts of Nepal with approximately 11.2 million people residing in the Terai belt being at risk of DENV infection. Sporadic cases of DENV infection have been reported every year for the past decade during the monsoon season, mainly in the Terai region. Methods Medline/Embase/Cochrane databases were reviewed for reports on the burden of dengue infection, diagnostic methods, and national surveillance. Results Four outbreaks were reported since 2004 including the diagnosis of all serotypes in 2006 and predominance of a single serotype in 2010 (DENV-1), 2013 (DENV-2), and 2016 (DENV-1). The clinical diagnoses showed a predominance of dengue fever while 4/917 (0.4%), 8/642 (1.2%) and 8/1615 (0.4%) dengue haemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome cases were identified during the outbreaks in 2010, 2013 and 2016, respectively. The number of cases reported in males was significantly higher (67.4%) than in females. Disease occurrence was primarily found in the Terai region until 2010 and was increasingly detected in the Hilly region in 2016. Conclusion In Nepal currently weak diagnostic facilities, very limited research on mosquitoes vectors, and poor surveillance of dengue leading to inappropriate detection and control of DENV. We surmise that improved basic research and epidemiological training courses for local scientists and laboratory personal at national and international level will help better understand the evolution and distribution of DENV transmission and its eventual control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jerome H Kim
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Florian Marks
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Medicine, Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tarun Saluja
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Zala D, Khan V, Kakadiya M, Sanghai A, Das V. Circulation of dengue serotypes in the Union Territory of Dadra & Nagar Haveli (India). Parasite Epidemiol Control 2018; 3:e00069. [PMID: 29988334 PMCID: PMC6020105 DOI: 10.1016/j.parepi.2018.e00069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of chronological infection by the multi serotype of dengue virus (DENV) is a major contributing factor for the induction of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) and Dengue Shock Syndrome (DSS). The results indicate that all serotype of dengue along with concurrent infection were reported from the third smallest Union Territory of India furthermore, rare serotype DENV 4, gradually spreads in new areas of India. Therefore, a need to understand the epidemiology of locally circulating serotype and accordingly the control strategy can be implemented. The study was conducted during 2014-2017 in the Union Territory of Dadra & Nagar Haveli (India).
Collapse
|
24
|
Ganeshkumar P, Murhekar MV, Poornima V, Saravanakumar V, Sukumaran K, Anandaselvasankar A, John D, Mehendale SM. Dengue infection in India: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018; 12:e0006618. [PMID: 30011275 PMCID: PMC6078327 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dengue is the most extensively spread mosquito-borne disease; endemic in more than 100 countries. Information about dengue disease burden, its prevalence, incidence and geographic distribution is critical in planning appropriate control measures against dengue fever. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of dengue fever in India. METHODS We searched for studies published until 2017 reporting the incidence, the prevalence or case fatality of dengue in India. Our primary outcomes were (a) prevalence of laboratory confirmed dengue infection among clinically suspected patients, (b) seroprevalence in the general population and (c) case fatality ratio among laboratory confirmed dengue patients. We used binomial-normal mixed effects regression model to estimate the pooled proportion of dengue infections. Forest plots were used to display pooled estimates. The metafor package of R software was used to conduct meta-analysis. RESULTS Of the 2285 identified articles on dengue, we included 233 in the analysis wherein 180 reported prevalence of laboratory confirmed dengue infection, seven reported seroprevalence as evidenced by IgG or neutralizing antibodies against dengue and 77 reported case fatality. The overall estimate of the prevalence of laboratory confirmed dengue infection among clinically suspected patients was 38.3% (95% CI: 34.8%-41.8%). The pooled estimate of dengue seroprevalence in the general population and CFR among laboratory confirmed patients was 56.9% (95% CI: 37.5-74.4) and 2.6% (95% CI: 2-3.4) respectively. There was significant heterogeneity in reported outcomes (p-values<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Identified gaps in the understanding of dengue epidemiology in India emphasize the need to initiate community-based cohort studies representing different geographic regions to generate reliable estimates of age-specific incidence of dengue and studies to generate dengue seroprevalence data in the country.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Manoj V. Murhekar
- Department of Epidemiology, National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Veeraraghavadoss Poornima
- School of Public Health, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Velusamy Saravanakumar
- Department of Epidemiology, National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Krishnendu Sukumaran
- School of Public Health, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Anandan Anandaselvasankar
- School of Public Health, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Denny John
- Campbell Collaboration, New Delhi, India
| | - Sanjay M. Mehendale
- Division of Epidemiology and Communicable Diseases, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Yergolkar PN, Cherian SS, Jadhav S, Raut CG, Mourya DT. Genetic characterization of dengue virus types 1 and 2 in India, with emphasis on the viruses circulating in Karnataka. Indian J Med Res 2018; 146:662-665. [PMID: 29512610 PMCID: PMC5861479 DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_452_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Prasanna N Yergolkar
- ICMR-National Institute of Virology, Bengaluru Unit, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Sarah S Cherian
- ICMR-National Institute of Virology, Pune 411 001, Maharashtra, India
| | - Santosh Jadhav
- ICMR-National Institute of Virology, Pune 411 001, Maharashtra, India
| | - C G Raut
- ICMR-National Institute of Virology, Bengaluru Unit, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Devendra T Mourya
- ICMR-National Institute of Virology, Pune 411 001, Maharashtra, India
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Rao MRK, Padhy RN, Das MK. Episodes of the epidemiological factors correlated with prevailing viral infections with dengue virus and molecular characterization of serotype-specific dengue virus circulation in eastern India. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2017; 58:40-49. [PMID: 29247706 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dengue is one of the most important and widespread viral infection comprises 4 related serotypes (DEN-1, 2, 3, and 4). Infection with one serotype does not protect against the others, and sequential infections put people at greater risk for dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS). This study determines the epidemiology of prevailing viral infections with dengue and molecular characterization of serotype-specific DENV circulation in Odisha of eastern India. METHODS During the year 2013, 1980 blood samples with suspected dengue cases were obtained between days 1-10 of illness and analyzed by NS1 Ag-RDT, NS1 Ag-ELISA, and RT-PCR. The differential detection of dengue infections and DENV serotyping were carried out by IgM/IgG Ab-ELISA and RT-PCR, respectively. RESULTS Of the 1980 samples, 733 (37.0%) were positive for dengue RNA by RT-PCR. The confirmed cases of dengue were more in males (73.6%) in comparing to females (26.4%). The age group of 15-44years (527 cases, 71.9%) were more susceptible to dengue infections. 656 (89.5%) cases had infected with monotypic infection by different DENV serotype and 77 (10.5%) cases had multitypic infections by multiple serotypes of DENV. Of the total multitypic infections, there were 74 (10.1%) cases had infected with DENV-2 and DENV-3 serotypes at a time; and only 3 (0.4%) cases had the concurrent infections of all three serotypes that were, DENV-1, DENV-2, and DENV-3. Of the 28 DHF cases, there were 17 (2.3%) cases had infected with multitypic infections and 11 (1.5%) cases had infected with monotypic infection. CONCLUSION Dengue infections have prevailed from the month of July and grasped it's the peak in September. Rain, temperature and relative humidity have favored the dengue infections. Young adults and males are more susceptible to dengue infections. Serotypes DEN-2 followed by DEN-3 was dominant among the confirmed dengue cases. Co-circulation of multitypic infections with multiple DENV serotypes and the emergence of DHF cases suggested that eastern Indian state Odisha was becoming a hyper-endemic province for dengue; therefore, continuous surveillance is suggested for understanding the epidemiology of the diseases and monitoring the changes in the characteristics of circulating DENV strains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Rajesh Kumar Rao
- Department of Biotechnology, Sai Nath University, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India.
| | - Rabindra N Padhy
- Central Research Laboratory, Institute of Medical Sciences & Sum Hospital, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan University, K-8, Kalinga Nagar, Bhubaneswar 751003, Odisha, India
| | - Manoj Kumar Das
- National Institute of Malaria Research, Field Unit, Itki, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Cecilia D, Patil J, Kakade M, Walimbe A, Alagarasu K, Anukumar B, Abraham A. Emergence of the Asian genotype of DENV-1 in South India. Virology 2017; 510:40-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
28
|
Wang XJ, Jiang SC, Wei HX, Deng SQ, He C, Peng HJ. The Differential Expression and Possible Function of Long Noncoding RNAs in Liver Cells Infected by Dengue Virus. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2017; 97:1904-1912. [PMID: 29016307 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.17-0307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The function of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in liver injury resulted by dengue virus (DENV) infection have not yet been explored. The differential expression profiles of lncRNAs (as well as mRNAs) in the L-02 liver cells infected by DENV1, DENV2, or uninfected were compared and analyzed after a high throughput RNA seq. The significantly up-regulated and down-regulated lncRNAs (or mRNAs) resulted by DENV infection were identified with a cutoff value at log2 (ratio) ≥ 1.5 and log2 (ratio) ≤ -1.5 (ratio = the reads of the lncRNAs or mRNAs from the infection groups divided by the reads from the control group). Several differentially expressed lncRNAs were verified with reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Target gene analysis, pre-miRNA prediction, and the lncRNA-mRNA co-expression network construction were performed to predict the function of the differentially expressed lncRNAs. The differentially expressed lncRNAs were associated with biosynthesis, DNA/RNA related processes, inhibition of estrogen signaling pathway, sterol biosynthetic process, protein dimerization activity, vesicular fraction in DENV1 infection group; and with protein secretion, methyltransferase process, host cell cytoskeleton reorganization and the small GTPase Ras superfamily, inhibition of cell proliferation, induction of apoptosis in DENV2 infection. LncRNAs might be novel diagnostic markers and targets for further researches on dengue infection and liver injury resulted by dengue virus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jun Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pathogen Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, and Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Emerging Infectious Diseases of Guangdong Higher Institutes, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shi-Chen Jiang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, and Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Emerging Infectious Diseases of Guangdong Higher Institutes, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hai-Xia Wei
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, and Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Emerging Infectious Diseases of Guangdong Higher Institutes, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Sheng-Qun Deng
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, and Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Emerging Infectious Diseases of Guangdong Higher Institutes, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Cheng He
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, and Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Emerging Infectious Diseases of Guangdong Higher Institutes, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hong-Juan Peng
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, and Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Emerging Infectious Diseases of Guangdong Higher Institutes, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Pooja S, Sabeena S, Revti B, Sanjay R, Anjali A, Rajendra K, Aswathyraj S, Giselle D, Hindol M, Arunkumar G. Circulating Genotypes of Dengue-1 Virus in South West India, 2014-2015. Jpn J Infect Dis 2017; 70:663-665. [PMID: 28890510 DOI: 10.7883/yoken.jjid.2017.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Dengue is the most prevalent arboviral disease affecting humans, with tropical and subtropical regions having the highest risk of dengue virus infections. The clinical symptoms often range from mild fever to fever with hemorrhagic manifestations and shock. Since 2010, India has been witnessing a marked increase in the number of dengue virus serotype 1 (DENV-1) infections, apart from those of serotypes 2 (DENV-2) and 3 (DENV-3). The present study was undertaken to understand the circulating genotypes of DENV-1 in South West India, by sequencing the envelope gene of DENV-1 samples representative of the 2014-2015 time period. The extracted RNAs from dengue NS1 antigen ELISA-positive samples, archived at the APEX Referral Laboratory for Arboviruses (National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme, Manipal Centre for Virus Research), were used for the study. The currently circulating genotypes of DENV-1 identified from the study area belong to genotypes V and I. Multicentric laboratory-based studies analyzing the envelope gene of all dengue serotypes are required from endemic countries like India.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shetty Pooja
- Manipal Centre for Virus Research, Manipal University
| | | | - Bhaskar Revti
- Manipal Centre for Virus Research, Manipal University
| | | | - Aithal Anjali
- Manipal Centre for Virus Research, Manipal University
| | | | | | | | - Maity Hindol
- Manipal Centre for Virus Research, Manipal University
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Reddy MN, Dungdung R, Valliyott L, Pilankatta R. Occurrence of concurrent infections with multiple serotypes of dengue viruses during 2013-2015 in northern Kerala, India. PeerJ 2017; 5:e2970. [PMID: 28316881 PMCID: PMC5354076 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dengue is a global human public health threat, causing severe morbidity and mortality. The occurrence of sequential infection by more than one serotype of dengue virus (DENV) is a major contributing factor for the induction of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) and Dengue Shock Syndrome (DSS), two major medical conditions caused by DENV infection. However, there is no specific drug or vaccine available against dengue infection. There are reports indicating the increased incidence of concurrent infection of dengue in several tropical and subtropical regions. Recently, increasing number of DHF and DSS cases were reported in India indicating potential enhancement of concurrent DENV infections. Therefore, accurate determination of the occurrence of DENV serotype co-infections needs to be conducted in various DENV prone parts of India. In this context, the present study was conducted to analyse the magnitude of concurrent infection in northern Kerala, a southwest state of India, during three consecutive years from 2013 to 2015. METHODS A total of 120 serum samples were collected from the suspected dengue patients. The serum samples were diagnosed for the presence of dengue NS1 antigen followed by the isolation of dengue genome from NS1 positive samples. The isolated dengue genome was further subjected to RTPCR based molecular serotyping. The phylogenetic tree was constructed based on the sequence of PCR amplified products. RESULTS Out of the total number of samples collected, 100 samples were positive for dengue specific antigen (NS1) and 26 of them contained the dengue genome. The RTPCR based molecular serotyping of the dengue genome revealed the presence of all four serotypes with different combinations. However, serotypes 1 and 3 were predominant combinations of concurrent infection. Interestingly, there were two samples with all four serotypes concurrently infected in 2013. DISCUSSION All samples containing dengue genome showed the presence of more than one serotype, indicating 100% concurrent infection. However, the combination of serotypes 1 and 3 was predominant. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report indicating the concurrent infection of dengue in the northern Kerala, India. The phylogenetic analysis of dengue serotype 1 identified in this study shows a close relationship with the strain isolated in Delhi and South Korea during the 2006 and 2015 epidemics respectively. Similarly this study indicates that the phylogeny of dengue serotype 3 of northern Kerala is more closely related to dengue isolate of Rajasthan state, India. The geographical and climatic conditions of Kerala favours the breeding of both the mosquito vectors of dengue (Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti), which may enhance the severity of dengue in the future. Therefore, the study provides an alarming message for the urgent need of an antiviral strategy or other health management systems to curb the spread of dengue infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manchala Nageswar Reddy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Central University of Kerala , Kasargod , Kerala , India
| | - Ranjeet Dungdung
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Central University of Kerala , Kasargod , Kerala , India
| | - Lathika Valliyott
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Central University of Kerala , Kasargod , Kerala , India
| | - Rajendra Pilankatta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Central University of Kerala , Kasargod , Kerala , India
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Enhancing the sensitivity of Dengue virus serotype detection by RT-PCR among infected children in India. J Virol Methods 2017; 244:46-54. [PMID: 28254680 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2017.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Dengue surveillance relies on reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), for confirmation of dengue virus (DENV) serotypes. We compared efficacies of published and modified primer sets targeting envelope (Env) and capsid-premembrane (C-prM) genes for detection of circulating DENV serotypes in southern India. Acute samples from children with clinically-diagnosed dengue were used for RT-PCR testing. All samples were also subjected to dengue serology (NS1 antigen and anti-dengue-IgM/IgG rapid immunochromatographic assay). Nested RT-PCR was performed on viral RNA using three methods targeting 654bp C-prM, 511bp C-prM and 641bp Env regions, respectively. RT-PCR-positive samples were validated by population sequencing. Among 171 children with suspected dengue, 121 were dengue serology-positive and 50 were dengue serology-negative. Among 121 serology-positives, RT-PCR detected 91 (75.2%) by CprM654, 72 (59.5%) by CprM511, and 74 (61.1%) by Env641. Among 50 serology-negatives, 10 (20.0%) were detected by CprM654, 12 (24.0%) by CprM511, and 11 (22.0%) by Env641. Overall detection rate using three methods sequentially was 82.6% (100/121) among serology-positive and 40.0% (20/50) among serology-negative samples; 6.6% (8/120) had co-infection with multiple DENV serotypes. We conclude that detection of acute dengue was enhanced by a modified RT-PCR method targeting the 654bp C-prM region, and further improved by using all three methods sequentially.
Collapse
|
32
|
Luo ZF, Hu B, Zhang FY, Lin XH, Xie XY, Pan KY, Li HY, Ren RW, Zhao WZ. Laboratory and Molecular Characterization of Dengue Viruses in a 2014 Outbreak in Guangfo Region, Southern China. Jpn J Infect Dis 2017; 70:528-535. [DOI: 10.7883/yoken.jjid.2016.231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Fan Luo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University
| | - Bo Hu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University
| | - Feng-Yi Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University
| | - Xiang-Hua Lin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University
| | - Xiao-Ying Xie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University
| | - Kun-Yi Pan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University
| | - Hong-Yu Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University
| | - Rui-Wen Ren
- The Emergency Technology Research Center of Guangdong Province for Arbovirus Diseases, Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Guangzhou Military Command
| | - Wen-Zhong Zhao
- Department of Medical Genetics, Family Planning Research Institute of Guangdong
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Prakash O, Singh DD, Mishra G, Prakash S, Singh A, Gupta S, Singh J, Khan DN, Jain P, Vishal A, Pandey MK, Jain A. Observation on dengue cases from a virus diagnostic laboratory of a tertiary care hospital in North India. Indian J Med Res 2016; 142 Suppl:S7-S11. [PMID: 26905245 PMCID: PMC4795350 DOI: 10.4103/0971-5916.176596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & objectives: The epidemiology of dengue fever (DF) is complex in the Indian subcontinent as all the four serotypes are circulating. This study reports observations on dengue cases from a virus diagnostic laboratory of a north Indian tertiary care hospital catering to areas in and around Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh. Methods: Serum samples were obtained from suspected cases of dengue referred to the virus diagnostic laboratory during 2011 to 2013, and detailed history was taken on a pre-structured datasheet. All samples were tested for anti-dengue virus (DV) IgM antibodies and DV-non structural protein 1 antigen (NS1Ag) by ELISA. NS1Ag positive samples were tested further by conventional RT-PCR for DV-RNA detection and serotyping. Results: Of the 4019 suspected patients of dengue, 886 (22%) showed laboratory evidence of dengue virus infection. Of these, 19, 17 and 27 per cent were positive in 2011, 2012 and 2013, respectively. Children and adults were similarly affected by dengue in all the three years. Males were more commonly affected than females. The predominant DV serotype detected was DV-2, DV-1 and DV-3 in 2011, 2012 and 2013, respectively. DV-4 serotype was not detected. About half the cases positive for DV infection, showed symptoms of dengue with warning signs/severe dengue. A distinct seasonality with increase in number of dengue cases in the post monsoon period was seen. Interpretation & conclusions: Change in circulating serotype of dengue virus; a distinct adult dengue involvement; and a remarkable number of cases presenting with severe dengue manifestations are the main findings of this study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Amita Jain
- Department of Microbiology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Shahhosseini N, Chinikar S, Nowotny N, Fooks AR, Schmidt-Chanasit J. Genetic analysis of imported dengue virus strains by Iranian travelers. ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF TROPICAL DISEASE 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s2222-1808(16)61144-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
35
|
Abstract
Dengue fever is an arthropod-borne viral infection that has become endemic in several parts of India including Delhi. We studied occurrence of co-infection with dengue viruses during an outbreak in New Delhi, India in 2014. For the present study, blood samples collected from symptomatic patients were analysed by RT-PCR. Eighty percent of the samples were positive for dengue virus. The result showed that DENV-1 (77%) was the predominant serotype followed by DENV-2 (60%). Concurrent infection with more than one serotype was identified in 43% of the positive samples. Phylogenetic analysis clustered DENV-1 strains with the American African and DENV-2 strains in Cosmopolitan genotypes. Four common amino-acid mutations were identified in the envelope gene of DENV-1 sequences (F337I, A369T, V380I and L402F) and one common mutation (N390S) in the DENV-2 sequences. Further analysis revealed purifying selection in both the serotypes. A significant number of patients were co-infected with DENV-1 and DENV-2 serotypes. Although we do not have direct evidence to demonstrate co-evolution of these two stereotypes, nonetheless their simultaneous occurrence does indicate that they are favoured by evolutionary forces. An ongoing surveillance and careful analysis of future outbreaks will strengthen the concept of co-evolution or otherwise. Whether the concurrent dengue viral infection is correlated with disease severity in a given population is another aspect to be pursued. This study is envisaged to be useful for future reference in the context of overall epidemiology.
Collapse
|
36
|
Tomar LR, Mannar V, Pruthi S, Aggarwal A. An Unusual Presentation of Dengue Fever: Association with Longitudinal Extensive Transverse Myelitis. Perm J 2016; 19:e133-5. [PMID: 26828073 DOI: 10.7812/tpp/15-019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Association of dengue fever with transverse myelitis in the form of extensive spinal cord involvement is a rare entity described in the literature. We describe a middle-aged man who presented with dengue fever and in whom weakness of the bilateral lower limbs and urinary incontinence developed on the third day of fever. Magnetic resonance imaging confirmed the diagnosis of longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis. Over a four-week course of corticosteroids with supportive management, the patient recovered without any residual neurologic deficit.
Collapse
|
37
|
Wang XJ, Wei HX, Jiang SC, He C, Xu XJ, Peng HJ. Evaluation of aminotransferase abnormality in dengue patients: A meta analysis. Acta Trop 2016; 156:130-6. [PMID: 26739659 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2015.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Dengue virus is a type of flavivirus transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes. The symptoms of infection by this virus range from asymptomatic or mild symptomatic dengue fever (DF) to dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS). Significant abnormality in serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) has been shown in a large number of dengue infection cases and to be indicator for liver injury provided that there are no other combined infections or liver injury. This study aims to assess the abnormal levels of liver aminotransferase in dengue patients. The related literature was searched in multiple databases, including PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar and Cochrane Library. The literature was selected through strict inclusion and exclusion criteria, and the quantitative synthesis of the liver aminotransferase abnormality was performed with R software. The fixed or random effects model was employed based on the results of the statistical test for homogeneity. In total, 15 studies were included. The proportion of AST abnormality with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was 0.80 (95% CI: 0.56-0.92) in DHF patients and 0.75 (95% CI: 0.63-0.84) in DF patients; the proportion of ALT abnormality was 0.54 (95% CI: 0.34-0.73) in DHF patients and 0.52 (95% CI: 0.41-0.63) in DF patients. Serum ALT and AST levels may be indicators for evaluating liver injury in dengue infection and for diagnosis and treatment effect.
Collapse
|
38
|
Saha K, Ghosh M, Firdaus R, Biswas A, Seth B, Bhattacharya D, Mukherjee K, Sadhukhan PC. Changing pattern of dengue virus serotypes circulating during 2008-2012 and reappearance of dengue serotype 3 may cause outbreak in Kolkata, India. J Med Virol 2016; 88:1697-702. [PMID: 26991505 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Dengue virus infection is a major cause of morbidity within the endemic tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Dengue virus has four distinct serotypes with specific clinical manifestations. In this study, we observed the changing pattern of dengue serotypes, age-wise dengue infection and useful sero-detection methods needed in a dengue endemic region. We identified dengue serotypes during a period of 5 years among patients with dengue symptoms visiting one of the largest tertiary care infectious disease hospitals of eastern India in Kolkata. A total of 433 dengue RNA positive samples were isolated from 712 acute dengue suspected cases. Age wise distribution highlighted the susceptible age group being >21 years (24.02%) followed by 11-15 years (21.71%) and 5-10 years (21.02%) of the total infected population. Higher numbers of infected cases were found within females as they are involved in more indoor works. The period of study experienced two dengue outbreaks one in 2008 and another in 2012. For early dengue detection, NS1 was found to be more confirmatory than IgM ELISA regarding sensitivity and specificity. DENV-1, 2, and 4 serotypes were the common circulating strains from 2008 until 2010, after which DENV-3 serotype infections rise and led to a massive dengue outbreak in Kolkata with increased numbers of DHF and DSS cases in 2012. The finding within our study emphasizes the public health importance of such prospective surveillance programs with respect to the changing dengue viral etiology and serotypes. J. Med. Virol. 88:1697-1702, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kallol Saha
- ICMR Virus Unit, Beliaghata, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Monika Ghosh
- ICMR Virus Unit, Beliaghata, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Rushna Firdaus
- ICMR Virus Unit, Beliaghata, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Aritra Biswas
- ICMR Virus Unit, Beliaghata, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Bikash Seth
- Infectious Diseases & Beliaghata General Hospital, Beliaghata, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Debojyoti Bhattacharya
- Department of Biochemistry, Calcutta National Medical College, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Kheya Mukherjee
- Department of Microbiology, Nil Ratan Sarkar Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Singh S, Gupta BP, Manakkadan A, Manandhar KD, Sreekumar E. Phylogenetic study reveals co-circulation of Asian II and Cosmopolitan genotypes of Dengue virus serotype 2 in Nepal during 2013. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2015; 34:402-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2015.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Revised: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/05/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
40
|
Mathew JL, Aggarwal A, Balasubramanian S. Tetravalent dengue vaccine for children. Indian Pediatr 2015; 52:237-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s13312-015-0614-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|