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Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1-Related Diseases May Constitute a Threat to the Elimination of Human Immunodeficiency Virus, by 2030, in Gabon, Central Africa. Viruses 2022; 14:v14122808. [PMID: 36560812 PMCID: PMC9785256 DOI: 10.3390/v14122808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The Joint United Nations Program on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) has adopted the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to end the HIV/AIDS epidemic by 2030. Several factors related to the non-suppression of HIV, including interruptions of antiretroviral therapy (ART) and opportunistic infections could affect and delay this projected epidemic goal. Human T-Cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) appears to be consistently associated with a high risk of opportunistic infections, an early onset of HTLV-1 and its associated pathologies, as well as a fast progression to the AIDS phase in co-infected individuals, when compared to HIV-1 or HTLV-1 mono-infected individuals. In Gabon, the prevalence of these two retroviruses is very high and little is known about HTLV-1 and the associated pathologies, leaving most of them underdiagnosed. Hence, HTLV-1/HIV-1 co-infections could simultaneously imply a non-diagnosis of HIV-1 positive individuals having developed pathologies associated with HTLV-1, but also a high mortality rate among the co-infected individuals. All of these constitute potential obstacles to pursue targeted objectives. A systematic review was conducted to assess the negative impacts of HTLV-1/HIV-1 co-infections and related factors on the elimination of HIV/AIDS by 2030 in Gabon.
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Abad-Fernández M, Hernández-Walias FJ, Ruiz de León MJ, Vivancos MJ, Pérez-Elías MJ, Moreno A, Casado JL, Quereda C, Dronda F, Moreno S, Vallejo A. HTLV-2 Enhances CD8 + T Cell-Mediated HIV-1 Inhibition and Reduces HIV-1 Integrated Proviral Load in People Living with HIV-1. Viruses 2022; 14:v14112472. [PMID: 36366570 PMCID: PMC9695633 DOI: 10.3390/v14112472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
People living with HIV-1 and HTLV-2 concomitantly show slower CD4+ T cell depletion and AIDS progression, more frequency of the natural control of HIV-1, and lower mortality rates. A similar beneficial effect of this infection has been reported on HCV coinfection reducing transaminases, increasing the spontaneous clearance of HCV infection and delaying the development of hepatic fibrosis. Given the critical role of CD8+ T cells in controlling HIV-1 infection, we analysed the role of CD8+ T cell-mediated cytotoxic activity in coinfected individuals living with HIV-1. One hundred and twenty-eight individuals living with HIV-1 in four groups were studied: two groups with HTLV-2 infection, including individuals with HCV infection (N = 41) and with a sustained virological response (SVR) after HCV treatment (N = 25); and two groups without HTLV-2 infection, including individuals with HCV infection (N = 25) and with a sustained virological response after treatment (N = 37). We found that CD8+ T cell-mediated HIV-1 inhibition in vitro was higher in individuals with HTLV-2. This inhibition activity was associated with a higher frequency of effector memory CD8+ T cells, higher levels of granzyme A and granzyme B cytolytic enzymes, and perforin. Hence, cellular and soluble cytolytic factors may contribute to the lower HIV-1 pre-ART viral load and the HIV-1 proviral load during ART therapy associated with HTLV-2 infection. Herein, we confirmed and expanded previous findings on the role of HTLV-2 in the beneficial effect on the pathogenesis of HIV-1 in coinfected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Abad-Fernández
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, UNC Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Correspondence: (M.A.-F.); (A.V.)
| | - Francisco J. Hernández-Walias
- Laboratory of Inmunovirología, Ramón y Cajal Institute for Health Investigation (IRyCIS), University Hospital Ramón y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ramón y Cajal Institute for Health Investigation (IRyCIS), University Hospital Ramón y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Center Network in Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - María J. Ruiz de León
- Laboratory of Inmunovirología, Ramón y Cajal Institute for Health Investigation (IRyCIS), University Hospital Ramón y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ramón y Cajal Institute for Health Investigation (IRyCIS), University Hospital Ramón y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Center Network in Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - María J. Vivancos
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ramón y Cajal Institute for Health Investigation (IRyCIS), University Hospital Ramón y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Center Network in Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - María J. Pérez-Elías
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ramón y Cajal Institute for Health Investigation (IRyCIS), University Hospital Ramón y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Center Network in Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Moreno
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ramón y Cajal Institute for Health Investigation (IRyCIS), University Hospital Ramón y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Center Network in Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - José L. Casado
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ramón y Cajal Institute for Health Investigation (IRyCIS), University Hospital Ramón y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Center Network in Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Quereda
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ramón y Cajal Institute for Health Investigation (IRyCIS), University Hospital Ramón y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Center Network in Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Dronda
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ramón y Cajal Institute for Health Investigation (IRyCIS), University Hospital Ramón y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Center Network in Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Santiago Moreno
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ramón y Cajal Institute for Health Investigation (IRyCIS), University Hospital Ramón y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Center Network in Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Vallejo
- Laboratory of Inmunovirología, Ramón y Cajal Institute for Health Investigation (IRyCIS), University Hospital Ramón y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ramón y Cajal Institute for Health Investigation (IRyCIS), University Hospital Ramón y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Center Network in Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.A.-F.); (A.V.)
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Biomarkers in a Cohort of HIV-Infected Patients Single- or Co-Infected with HTLV-1, HTLV-2, and/or HCV: A Cross-Sectional, Observational Study. Viruses 2022; 14:v14091955. [PMID: 36146762 PMCID: PMC9501613 DOI: 10.3390/v14091955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV, HTLV-1/-2, and HCV share routes of transmission, and such virus co-infections could account for worse outcomes of associated diseases. Measuring cytokines/chemokines, CD4 and CD8 T cells, and HIV viral load (VL) in HIV single-infected and co-infected individuals has prognostic value. We analyzed such biomarkers in 129 blood samples of HIV-infected individuals matched for age and sex and divided into six groups (G1 (69 HIV); G2 (9 HIV/HTLV-1); G3 (6 HIV/HTLV-2); G4 (11 HIV/HCV); G5 (19 HIV/HCV/HTLV-1); and G6 (15 HIV/HCV/HTLV-2)). Eight cytokines/chemokines from fifteen analytes could be compared. The highest levels of Th1 and pro-inflammatory cytokines were detected in G2 (IFN-γ) and G6 (IL-6 and IL1-β) and of chemokines in G1 (MIG, IP10, RANTES), G4 (MCP1), and G6 (MIP1-β). The highest CD4 cells number and the lowest HIV VL were identified in G3 and the opposite results in G2. Positive correlations between CD4 and CD8 cells counts and IL-6 levels were detected in G2 and G5 and of HIV VL and RANTES in G4. Negative correlations were detected between CD8 and IFN-γ in G4 and HIV VL and RANTES in G6. Despite the small number of the cohort analyzed, and although the cross-sectional study design does not allow firm conclusions, the homogeneity of the characteristics of HIV/HTLV-co-infected individuals regarding age, time and route of HIV acquisition, and criteria for introducing ART enable us to suggest a negative impact of HTLV-1 and a possible protective role of HTLV-2 in HIV infection progression in such patients.
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Kulmann-Leal B, Ellwanger JH, Chies JAB. CCR5Δ32 in Brazil: Impacts of a European Genetic Variant on a Highly Admixed Population. Front Immunol 2021; 12:758358. [PMID: 34956188 PMCID: PMC8703165 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.758358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The genetic background of Brazilians encompasses Amerindian, African, and European components as a result of the colonization of an already Amerindian inhabited region by Europeans, associated to a massive influx of Africans. Other migratory flows introduced into the Brazilian population genetic components from Asia and the Middle East. Currently, Brazil has a highly admixed population and, therefore, the study of genetic factors in the context of health or disease in Brazil is a challenging and remarkably interesting subject. This phenomenon is exemplified by the genetic variant CCR5Δ32, a 32 base-pair deletion in the CCR5 gene. CCR5Δ32 originated in Europe, but the time of origin as well as the selective pressures that allowed the maintenance of this variant and the establishment of its current frequencies in the different human populations is still a field of debates. Due to its origin, the CCR5Δ32 allele frequency is high in European-derived populations (~10%) and low in Asian and African native human populations. In Brazil, the CCR5Δ32 allele frequency is intermediate (4-6%) and varies on the Brazilian States, depending on the migratory history of each region. CCR5 is a protein that regulates the activity of several immune cells, also acting as the main HIV-1 co-receptor. The CCR5 expression is influenced by CCR5Δ32 genotypes. No CCR5 expression is observed in CCR5Δ32 homozygous individuals. Thus, the CCR5Δ32 has particular effects on different diseases. At the population level, the effect that CCR5Δ32 has on European populations may be different than that observed in highly admixed populations. Besides less evident due to its low frequency in admixed groups, the effect of the CCR5Δ32 variant may be affected by other genetic traits. Understanding the effects of CCR5Δ32 on Brazilians is essential to predict the potential use of pharmacological CCR5 modulators in Brazil. Therefore, this study reviews the impacts of the CCR5Δ32 on the Brazilian population, considering infectious diseases, inflammatory conditions, and cancer. Finally, this article provides a general discussion concerning the impacts of a European-derived variant, the CCR5Δ32, on a highly admixed population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - José Artur Bogo Chies
- Laboratório de Imunobiologia e Imunogenética, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular (PPGBM), Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Neurological Aspects of HIV-1/HTLV-1 and HIV-1/HTLV-2 Coinfection. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9040250. [PMID: 32231144 PMCID: PMC7238008 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9040250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simultaneous infection by human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV) and human T-lymphotropic viruses (HTLV) are not uncommon since they have similar means of transmission and are simultaneously endemic in many populations. Besides causing severe immune dysfunction, these viruses are neuropathogenic and can cause neurological diseases through direct and indirect mechanisms. Many pieces of evidence at present show that coinfection may alter the natural history of general and, more specifically, neurological disorders through different mechanisms. In this review, we summarize the current evidence on the influence of coinfection on the progression and outcome of neurological complications of HTLV-1/2 and HIV-1.
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Jégado B, Kashanchi F, Dutartre H, Mahieux R. STLV-1 as a model for studying HTLV-1 infection. Retrovirology 2019; 16:41. [PMID: 31843020 PMCID: PMC6915939 DOI: 10.1186/s12977-019-0503-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Few years after HTLV-1 identification and isolation in humans, STLV-1, its simian counterpart, was discovered. It then became clear that STLV-1 is present almost in all simian species. Subsequent molecular epidemiology studies demonstrated that, apart from HTLV-1 subtype A, all human subtypes have a simian homolog. As HTLV-1, STLV-1 is the etiological agent of ATL, while no case of TSP/HAM has been described. Given its similarities with HTLV-1, STLV-1 represents a unique tool used for performing clinical studies, vaccine studies as well as basic science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brice Jégado
- International Center for Research in Infectiology, Retroviral Oncogenesis Laboratory, INSERM U1111 - Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Lyon, Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale, Labex Ecofect, Lyon, France
| | - Fatah Kashanchi
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, USA
| | - Hélène Dutartre
- International Center for Research in Infectiology, Retroviral Oncogenesis Laboratory, INSERM U1111 - Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Lyon, Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale, Labex Ecofect, Lyon, France
| | - Renaud Mahieux
- International Center for Research in Infectiology, Retroviral Oncogenesis Laboratory, INSERM U1111 - Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Lyon, Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale, Labex Ecofect, Lyon, France.
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Tajbakhsh A, Fazeli M, Rezaee M, Ghasemi F, Heravi MM, Gholoobi A, Meshkat Z. Prevalence of CCR5delta32 in Northeastern Iran. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2019; 20:184. [PMID: 31730458 PMCID: PMC6858674 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-019-0913-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background A 32-base pair deletion (∆32) in the open reading frame (ORF) of C-C motif chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) seems to be a protective variant against immune system diseases, especially human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). We aimed to assess the frequency of CCR5∆32 in the healthy Iranian population. Methods In this study, 400 normal samples from Khorasan, northeastern Iran, were randomly selected. The frequency of CCR5∆32 carriers was investigated using PCR analysis. Allele prevalence and the fit to the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were analyzed. Results The prevalence of CCR5∆32 in the northeastern population of Iran was 0.016. Four hundred samples were studied, among which one with CCR5∆32/∆32 and 11 with CCR5Wild/∆32 genotype were detected. Conclusion This study was the first investigation for an assessment of the prevalence of CCR5∆32 in northeastern Iran. The low prevalence of CCR5∆32 allele in the Iranian population may result in the increased susceptibility to HIV-1. In addition, this prevalence is the same as that of reported in East Asia, while is lower than that in the Europeans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Tajbakhsh
- Department of Modern Sciences & Technologies, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mostafa Fazeli
- Department of Modern Sciences & Technologies, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mehdi Rezaee
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Faezeh Ghasemi
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mastoureh Momen Heravi
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, P.O Box: 9196773117, Mashhad, IR, Iran
| | - Aida Gholoobi
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra Meshkat
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, P.O Box: 9196773117, Mashhad, IR, Iran.
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Alais S, Pasquier A, Jegado B, Journo C, Rua R, Gessain A, Tobaly-Tapiero J, Lacoste R, Turpin J, Mahieux R. STLV-1 co-infection is correlated with an increased SFV proviral load in the peripheral blood of SFV/STLV-1 naturally infected non-human primates. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018; 12:e0006812. [PMID: 30273350 PMCID: PMC6181429 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Simian T-Leukemia Virus type 1 and Simian Foamy Virus infect non-human primates. While STLV-1, as HTLV-1, causes Adult T-cell Leukemia/lymphoma, SFV infection is asymptomatic. Both retroviruses can be transmitted from NHPs to humans through bites that allow contact between infected saliva and recipient blood. Because both viruses infect CD4+ T-cells, they might interfere with each other replication, and this might impact viral transmission. Impact of STLV-1 co-infection on SFV replication was analyzed in 18 SFV-positive/STLV-1-negative and 18 naturally SFV/STLV-1 co-infected Papio anubis. Even if 9 animals were found STLV-1-positive in saliva, STLV-1 PVL was much higher in the blood. SFV proviruses were detected in the saliva of all animals. Interestingly, SFV proviral load was much higher in the blood of STLV-1/SFV co-infected animals, compared to STLV-1-negative animals. Given that soluble Tax protein can enter uninfected cells, we tested its effect on foamy virus promoter and we show that Tax protein can transactivate the foamy LTR. This demonstrates that true STLV-1 co-infection or Tax only has an impact on SFV replication and may influence the ability of the virus to be zoonotically transmitted as well as its ability to promote hematological abnormalities. Foamy viruses infect a lot of mammalian hosts including non-human primates (NHP) and humans. Foamy infection is not associated with disease, although a recent report described hematological abnormalities in infected humans. Some NHP species are also naturally infected with another retrovirus i.e. Simian T lymphotropic virus type 1, while humans are infected with the Human T lymphotropic virus type 1 counterpart. Both viruses cause leukemia. Here we report that natural foamy/STLV-1 co-infection is associated with a higher foamy virus proviral load in blood. Co-infected animals might therefore present a higher risk of developing hematological disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Alais
- International Center for Research in Infectiology, Retroviral Oncogenesis laboratory, INSERM U1111 –Université Claude CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Lyon, Lyon, France
- Equipe labellisée “Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer” et Labex Ecofect, Lyon, France
| | - Amandine Pasquier
- International Center for Research in Infectiology, Retroviral Oncogenesis laboratory, INSERM U1111 –Université Claude CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Lyon, Lyon, France
- Equipe labellisée “Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer” et Labex Ecofect, Lyon, France
- Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, Paris, France
| | - Brice Jegado
- International Center for Research in Infectiology, Retroviral Oncogenesis laboratory, INSERM U1111 –Université Claude CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Lyon, Lyon, France
- Equipe labellisée “Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer” et Labex Ecofect, Lyon, France
| | - Chloé Journo
- International Center for Research in Infectiology, Retroviral Oncogenesis laboratory, INSERM U1111 –Université Claude CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Lyon, Lyon, France
- Equipe labellisée “Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer” et Labex Ecofect, Lyon, France
| | - Réjane Rua
- Epidémiologie et Physiopathologie des Virus Oncogènes, CNRS UMR 3569, Pasteur Institute, Paris, France
| | - Antoine Gessain
- Epidémiologie et Physiopathologie des Virus Oncogènes, CNRS UMR 3569, Pasteur Institute, Paris, France
| | - Joelle Tobaly-Tapiero
- INSERM U944-CNRS Université Paris Diderot, UMR7212-IUH-Hôpital St-Louis, Dynamic of Retroviruses and Retrotransposons Group, Paris, France
| | | | - Jocelyn Turpin
- International Center for Research in Infectiology, Retroviral Oncogenesis laboratory, INSERM U1111 –Université Claude CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Lyon, Lyon, France
- Equipe labellisée “Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer” et Labex Ecofect, Lyon, France
- Section of Virology, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London United Kingdom
| | - Renaud Mahieux
- International Center for Research in Infectiology, Retroviral Oncogenesis laboratory, INSERM U1111 –Université Claude CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Lyon, Lyon, France
- Equipe labellisée “Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer” et Labex Ecofect, Lyon, France
- * E-mail:
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Assone T, Kanashiro TM, Baldassin MPM, Paiva A, Haziot ME, Smid J, Oliveira APD, Fonseca LAM, Norris PJ, Casseb J. In vitro basal T-cell proliferation among asymptomatic Human T cell Leukemia Virus type 1 patients co-infected with hepatitis C and/or Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1. Braz J Infect Dis 2018; 22:106-112. [PMID: 29499169 PMCID: PMC9428222 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjid.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Infection with Human T cell Leukemia Virus type 1 can be associated with myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) and other inflammatory diseases. Lymphocytes from about half of Human T cell Leukemia Virus type 1-infected subjects spontaneously proliferate in vitro, and how this phenomenon relates to symptomatic disease and viral burden is poorly understood. Objective To evaluate T-cell proliferation in vitro among patients co-infected with Human T cell Leukemia Virus type 1/Hepatitis C Virus/Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1. Material and methods From 610 Human T cell Leukemia Virus-infected patients of the Human T cell Leukemia Virus outpatient clinic from Institute of Infectious Diseases “Emilio Ribas” in São Paulo, 273 agreed to participate: 72 had HAM/TSP (excluded from this analysis) and 201 were asymptomatic, a classification performed during a regular neurological appointment. We selected the subgroup made up only by the 201 asymptomatic subjects to avoid bias by the clinical status as a confounder effect, who had laboratory results of Human T cell Leukemia Virus type 1 proviral load and T-cell proliferation assay in our database. They were further grouped according to their serological status in four categories: 121 Human T cell Leukemia Virus type 1 asymptomatic mono-infected carriers; 32 Human T cell Leukemia Virus type 1/Hepatitis C Virus, 29 Human T cell Leukemia Virus type 1/Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1, and 19 Human T cell Leukemia Virus type 1/Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1/Hepatitis C Virus co-infected patients. Clinical data were obtained from medical records and interviews. DNA Human T cell Leukemia Virus type 1 proviral load (PVL) and T-cell proliferation (LPA) assay were performed for all samples. Results From a total of 273 subjects with Human T cell Leukemia Virus type 1, 80 presented co-infections: 29 had Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1, 32 had Hepatitis C Virus, and 19 had Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 and Hepatitis C Virus. Comparing the groups based on their serological status, independently of being asymptomatic carriers, we observed a significant increase of PVL (p < 0.001) and LPA (p = 0.001). However, when groups were stratified according to their clinical and serological status, there was no significant increase in Human T cell Leukemia Virus type 1 PVL and LPA. Conclusion No significant increase of basal T-cell proliferation among Human T cell Leukemia Virus type 1 co-infected was observed. This interaction may be implicated in liver damage, worsening the prognosis of co-infected patients or, on the contrary, inducing a higher spontaneous clearance of Hepatitis C Virus infection in Human T cell Leukemia Virus type 1 co-infected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiane Assone
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Dermatologia, Laboratório de Investigação em Dermatologia e Imunodeficiências, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Tatiana M Kanashiro
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Dermatologia, Laboratório de Investigação em Dermatologia e Imunodeficiências, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Maira P M Baldassin
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Dermatologia, Laboratório de Investigação em Dermatologia e Imunodeficiências, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Arthur Paiva
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Dermatologia, Laboratório de Investigação em Dermatologia e Imunodeficiências, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Michel E Haziot
- Instituto de Doenças Infecciosas "Emilio Ribas" (IIER), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Jerusa Smid
- Instituto de Doenças Infecciosas "Emilio Ribas" (IIER), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Luiz Augusto M Fonseca
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Philip J Norris
- Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA; University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jorge Casseb
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Dermatologia, Laboratório de Investigação em Dermatologia e Imunodeficiências, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Futsch N, Mahieux R, Dutartre H. HTLV-1, the Other Pathogenic Yet Neglected Human Retrovirus: From Transmission to Therapeutic Treatment. Viruses 2017; 10:v10010001. [PMID: 29267225 PMCID: PMC5795414 DOI: 10.3390/v10010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Going back to their discovery in the early 1980s, both the Human T-cell Leukemia virus type-1 (HTLV-1) and the Human Immunodeficiency Virus type-1 (HIV-1) greatly fascinated the virology scene, not only because they were the first human retroviruses discovered, but also because they were associated with fatal diseases in the human population. In almost four decades of scientific research, both viruses have had different fates, HTLV-1 being often upstaged by HIV-1. However, although being very close in terms of genome organization, cellular tropism, and viral replication, HIV-1 and HTLV-1 are not completely commutable in terms of treatment, especially because of the opposite fate of the cells they infect: death versus immortalization, respectively. Nowadays, the antiretroviral therapies developed to treat HIV-1 infected individuals and to limit HIV-1 spread among the human population have a poor or no effect on HTLV-1 infected individuals, and thus, do not prevent the development of HTLV-1-associated diseases, which still lack highly efficient treatments. The present review mainly focuses on the course of HTLV-1 infection, from the initial infection of the host to diseases development and associated treatments, but also investigates HIV-1/HTLV-1 co-infection events and their impact on diseases development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Futsch
- International Center for Research in Infectiology, Retroviral Oncogenesis Laboratory, INSERM U1111-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Lyon, F-69007 Lyon, France.
- Equipe labellisée "Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer", France.
| | - Renaud Mahieux
- International Center for Research in Infectiology, Retroviral Oncogenesis Laboratory, INSERM U1111-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Lyon, F-69007 Lyon, France.
- Equipe labellisée "Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer", France.
| | - Hélène Dutartre
- International Center for Research in Infectiology, Retroviral Oncogenesis Laboratory, INSERM U1111-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Lyon, F-69007 Lyon, France.
- Equipe labellisée "Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer", France.
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Effects of CCR5 59029G/A polymorphism on the risk to diabetic nephropathy. Oncotarget 2017; 8:106926-106934. [PMID: 29291000 PMCID: PMC5739785 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetic nephropathy (DN) causes high mortality in patients with diabetes mellitus and imposes heavy burden on individuals and society. In previous studies, various researches have investigated the association of DN with CCR5 59029G/A polymorphism, but relevant findings were controversial. Therefore, we performed this meta-analysis to obtain a conclusion on this issue. Results CCR5 59029G/A polymorphism showed significant risk-increasing effects on DN in all analyses under AA vs. GG, AA+GA vs. GG, AA vs. GG+GA, A vs. G and GA vs. GG model contrasts. Besides, a similar result was also obtained in Asian and type 2 diabetes mellitus groups under these five contrasts after subgroup analyses. Methods The relevant publications were searched from the electronic databases and other sources. The association intensity between CCR5 59029G/A polymorphism and DN susceptibility was measured using pooled odds ratios (ORs) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). Inter-study heterogeneity was inspected with Q test, and sensitivity analysis was conducted to verify the stability of the final outcomes by removing one study each time in turn. Begg's funnel plot and Egger's test were utilized to examine publication bias among selected studies. Conclusion CCR5 59029G/A polymorphism is significantly related to enhanced susceptibility to DN, especially in Asian populations and people with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Geddes VEV, José DP, Leal FE, Nixon DF, Tanuri A, Aguiar RS. HTLV-1 Tax activates HIV-1 transcription in latency models. Virology 2017; 504:45-51. [PMID: 28152383 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2017.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
HIV-1 latency is a major obstacle to HIV-1 eradication. Coinfection with HTLV-1 has been associated with faster progression to AIDS. HTLV-1 encodes the transactivator Tax which can activate both HTLV-1 and HIV-1 transcription. Here, we demonstrate that Tax activates HIV transcription in latent CD4+ T cells. Tax promotes the activation of P-TEFb, releasing CDK9 and Cyclin T1 from inactive forms, promoting transcription elongation and reactivation of latent HIV-1. Tax mutants lacking interaction with the HIV-1-LTR promoter were not able to activate P-TEFb, with no subsequent activation of latent HIV. In HIV-infected primary resting CD4+ T cells, Tax-1 reactivated HIV-1 transcription up to five fold, confirming these findings in an ex vivo latency model. Finally, our results confirms that HTLV-1/Tax hijacks cellular partners, promoting HIV-1 transcription, and this interaction should be further investigated in HIV-1 latency studies in patients with HIV/HTLV-1 co-infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Emmanuel Viana Geddes
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Diego Pandeló José
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, campus Iturama, Minas Gerais, 38280-000, Brazil
| | - Fabio E Leal
- Instituto Nacional de Cancer, Programa de Oncovirologia, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Douglas F Nixon
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Tropical Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Amilcar Tanuri
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Renato Santana Aguiar
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil.
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